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LPG Safety1

SAFETY- NEED OF THE HOUR

Safety Measures Adopted during

Transportation of LPG in

Cylinders and Bulk by Road

Sh. Y. K. Gupta, ED (HSE), IOCL

08th Jul 2019

LPG Safety22

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

LP Gas is a general term for a family ofliquefied gases, which includes propane, and

butane in their liquid forms.

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LPG Safety

Property Implication

Heavier than Air (1.5 times) Can Settle in Low lying Areas

Colourless Very Small Leakages may not be visible

OdourlessAdditives (Ethyl mercaptan) dosing required for

detecting its leakage

LPG expands upon release

and 1 litre of liquid will

form approximately 250

litres of vapour.

Small leakage of liquid LPG can form a big volume of

flammable mixture

Air in LPG system can

produce flammable mixture

immediately on leakage

Efforts to be made to avoid presence of Air in LPG

system

Flammability range 1.8% to

9.5%

Low flammability range calls for avoiding and detecting

leakages at very early stages

Icing during vaporization Valve operation may be difficult & leakage will continue

Dangerous features of LPG and its implications

LPG Safety

LPG TT Road Accident at Chala, Kannur, Kerela

LPG Bullet Truck hit a road divider on 27th Aug and toppled.

Leakage of LPG started and subsequent fire from an

unknown ignition source and BLEVE took place.

20 fatalities, 21 injuries

Around 20 nearby houses / shops were damaged.

Cause:

• Over speed in spite of poor road and weather condition.

• Poor lighting at the main junctions on the highway.

• Due to driving restrictions imposed within Kerala State, the

TT drivers are compelled to drive continuously in the night

hours.

Compensation paid: Rs 2.7 Cr

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LPG Safety

Statutory Rules & Regulations for transportation of LPG

� The Motor Vehicles Act of 1988 with latest amendments;

� The Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 with latest amendments;

� The Petroleum Rules, 2002 with latest amendments;

� The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 with latest amendments;

� The SMPV Rules of 1981 (UNFIRED) with latest amendments for LPG;

� OISD – RP – 157 - Recommended Practice for Transportation of Bulk Petroleum Products

� OISD – STD – 159 LPG Tank Trucks - Requirements of Safety on Design/Fabrication and Fittings

� OISD –STD – 160 - Protection to fittings mounted on existing LPG tank trucks

� OISD- GDN – 161 - LPG Tank Truck Incidents : Rescue & Relief Operations

LPG Safety

� Fire (Flash / Pool / Jet Flame)

� Explosion (VCE / BLEVE)

� Loss of containment

� Can cause pollution

� Injury

� Fatality

� Loss of Property

� Poor road condition.

� Bad weather.

� Lack of road discipline – overtaking, overspeeding, application of sudden brake.

� Absence of approved parking place.

� Other slow moving transports.

� Human failures due to lack of training.

� Improper fittings on the Tank Truck.

� Mechanical failure due to poor maintenance.

� Driving in alcoholic condition

� Using Mobile phone while driving.

Hazards due to Accidents during Transportation of LPG

Causes of Accidents during Transportation of LPG

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LPG Safety

Tank Trucks Safety Fittings

LPG Safety

Roto-Gauge:

• measures the volume of LPG in a bullet in terms ofpercentage.

• Shall be provided in recessed cup formation• Suitable hinged cover shall be provided to avoid any damage

to Rotogauge

Safety Fittings on a LPG Bullet

Safety Relief Valve:

• ensures the release of pressure in excess of set pressure.

• Min 2 no.s sized to suit full relieving capacity of the vessel.• To be replaced every ten years or earlier if found defective.• To be tested once in a year by PESO approved party

Excess Flow Check Valve:

• valve shuts off if the flow exceeds the set limit

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LPG Safety

Safety Fittings on a LPG Bullet

Master Cut-Off Switch - isolates the battery connection from allelectrical components of the Bullet.

Height Barrier:Whenever cabin height is less than that of vessel, a height barrierwith 50 dia pipe / ISA 55x50xb angle frame.

Spark Arrestor

Electrical Wiring / Electrical System

Fire Extinguishers

LPG Safety

Tank Wagon Safety Fittings

Tank wagons for LPG (Railway Code TG) (4 wheeler/8 Wheeler)

� Provided with safety valve with Discharge Capacity of 10.3cum/sec.

� All other fittings such as liquid valves, vapour valves, magneticgauging device, thermo-well, sampling valve and safety valves,pressure gauges are provided on the top of the pressure vessel ina protective housing known as ‘dome’ with a cover.

� For repairs & maintenance, tank wagons are to be degassed byfilling water.

� While commissioning tank wagons are required to be purged withLPG/inert gases.

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LPG Safety

Transportation of LPG in cylinders

� Any vehicle used to transport LPGcylinders should:

� Be suitable for the task, of adequatestrength and in good condition.

� Be open (preferred) or have adequateventilation.

� Store cylinders in an upright positionaway from direct sunlight and ignitionsources

� Cylinder valves should be adequately plugged for transportation.

� Provide fire protection equipment appropriate to storage

� To avoid confusion, store full and empty cylinders separately

Never store a LPG cylinder upside down

LPG Safety

Transportation of LPG in cylinders

� Unload cylinders as soon as you reach your destination.

� Use lift trucks or hoists only with proper lifting equipment.

� Never use a sling or electromagnet to hoist a cylinder

� Never lift a cylinder by the valve cap.

� Never roll a cylinder on its side

� Store petrol, flammable liquids or aerosols away from cylinders

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LPG Safety

Cylinder Storage Area

� Dry, well ventilated, protected from weather

� Away from combustibles, heat sources, electrical systems

� No sparks, smoking, open flames

� Oxygen separated from fuels

� Upright, secured, valve cap on

� Not in elevators, staircases, hallways, etc.

� Sign requirements

LPG Safety

LPG packed truck on road

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LPG Safety

LPG packed trucks parked in LPG Bottling Plant

LPG Safety

Special Driving Skills

� Defensive / Safe Driving

� Driving at Night

� Driving in the Rain

� Hill Driving

� Fog Driving

� Driving in Water Logged area

� Signaling

� Punctured Tyres

� Brake Failure

� Driving Under Alcoholic Conditions

� Khalasi driving

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LPG Safety

TREM CARD

� TREM Card Stands for Truck Rescue Emergency Management Card forRoad Transport.

� It gives information about the nature of hazard the product can causeand protective devices; what emergency action is required to be takenby the driver in the event of spillage / fire, and the First Aid to be given;and a list of Telephone numbers to be contacted in an emergency.

� It is compulsory that all drivers carry this card in the T/T and getthemselves familiarised with the instructions in the card and actpromptly whenever the emergency arises.

LPG Safety

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LPG Safety

Class Labels and Emergency Information Panel

A TT must have a Class Label and Emergency Information

Panel (EIP) painted as per MV Act. Where as EIP must be

painted as per specifications on the rear and both side of

the TT, class label must be painted on the cabin top and

front cover of the engine. EIP and class label should be

clearly visible from outside.

LPG Safety

Emergency Information Panel

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LPG Safety

Product UN Number HAZCHEM Code

LPG 1075 2 W E

NAPHTHA 1255 3 Y E

MS 1203 3 Y E

SK 1223 3 Y

HSD 1202 3 Y E

FO 1270 3 Y E

CRUDE OIL 1267 2 W E

Y

Y

Y

Y

HAZCHEM code and UN No

LPG Safety

� Keep the vehicle fit in all respect.

� Maintain speed as per prescribed limits.

� Do not drive under mental stress conditions.

� Park your vehicle in safe place. Do not park near naked flames.

� Do not carry flammable material in cabin. Do not light agarbatti /stove in and around truck.

� Use prescribed route only.

� Be more careful during early morning and evening timings.

� Drive carefully on wet, slippery roads and slopes.

General Instructions For Drivers

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LPG Safety

� Be careful while crossing railway crossing.

� If vehicle breaks down on road, park it on a safe location and use lights orother visible signals to mark the vehicle.

� Do not drive under the influence of liquor.

� Be careful of animals and small children on the road.

� Use dip lights during night.

� Keep side blinkers, brakes lights always in working conditions and usethem for the benefits of fellow drivers.

� No TT will be allowed to enter inside a Bottling Plant / PetroleumInstallation without a helper.

� Do not use Mobile phone while driving.

General Instructions For Drivers

LPG Safety

Thanks