7

List of English words of

French origin

A great number of words of French origin have entered the English language to the extent that many Latin words have come to the English language.

English contains many words of French origin, such as art, collage, competition, force, machine, police, publicity, role, table, and many other Anglicized French words. According to different sources, around 30% of all English words have a French origin. This fact suggests that 80,000 words should appear in this list.

Law and government Church Nobility: MilitaryCooking Culture and luxury good

s

Other

Law and government

Country երկիր, court-դատարան, crime-հանգանք, government-կառավարություն, judge-դատավոր, noble-ազնվական, parliament- պառլամենտ, prison- բանտ, state- նահանգ,

պետություն ,

Church

chaplain- կապելլան,

clergy- հոգեվորականություն, friar- վանական,

prayer- աղոթք,religion-կրոն, saint- սուրբ,

Nobility:

Baron-բարոն, baroness- բարոնուհի; count- կոմս, countess-կոմսուհի; duke- դուքս, duchess- դքսուհի, prince-արքայազն, princess- արքայադուստր ,

MilitaryArmy- բանակ,

battle- ճակատամարտ,

captain- կապիտան,enemy-թշնամի, soldier- զինվոր,

Cooking

Beef- տավարի միս, boil- եփել, dine- ճաշել, fry- տապակել, mutton- ոչխարի միս, roast-խորոված, salmon- սաղմոն,

Culture and luxury goods

Art- արվեստ, artist-նկարիչ, painting-գեղանկարչություն, sculpture- քանդակ, ballet- բալետ,bracelet- ապարանջան, dance- պարել, diamond- ադամանդ, fur- մորթի, fashion- նորաձեվություն, ruby-սուտակ,

Other Adventure- արկած, courage- քաջություն,

dignity- արժանապատվություն, Feign- կեղծել, fruit- միրգ, letter- նամակ, տառ,

literature- գրականություն, magic- կախարդություն, male- տղամարդ, female- կին, mirror-հայելի,

Pilgrimage- ուխտագնացություն, proud-հպարտ, question- հարց, action-գործողություն , address- հասցե, café- սրճարան, card -քարտ (fr. carte), career - կարիերա(fr. carrière), future- ապագա (Old fr. futur), garage- գարաժ, crayon- գունավոր մատիտ, December- դեկտեմբեր

Also Middle English French loans: a huge number of words in age, -

ance/-ence, -ant/-ent, -ity, -ment, -tion, con-, de-, and pre-.

Sometimes it's hard to tell whether a given word came

from French or whether it was taken straight from Latin.

Words for which this difficulty occurs are those in which

there were no special sound and/or spelling changes of the sort that distinguished French

from Latin.

pupil -Elen Mkrtchyan

Arabic Loanwords In English

Arabic loanwords in English are words acquired directly from Arabic or else indirectly by passing from Arabic into other languages and then into English.Some of these Arabic loanwords are not of ancient Arabic origin, but are loanwords within Arabic itself, coming into Arabic from Persian, Greek or other languages.

Loanwords listed in alphabetical order

Candy - կոնֆետ قندي qandi, sugared Arabic is from Persian qand = "cane [sugar]", and possibly from Sanskritic before that, since cane sugar developed in India.

alcohol -սպիրտ, ալկոհոլ,) al-kohl, finely powdered kohl الكحلstibnite). Crossref kohl in this list. The meaning evolved from "very fine granularity" to "very purified".

harem  -հարեմ harīm, women's quarters in a حريمlarge household. Arabic root-word means "forbidden", and thus the word carried the connotation of a place where men were forbidden.

lemon  -կիտրոն līmūn, citrus fruit. The ليمونcultivation of lemons, limes, and bitter oranges was introduced to the Mediterranean Basin by the Arabs in the Middle Ages. The lemon tree's native origin appears to be in India but the word "lemon" does not appear to be Indian.

Lilac -յասաման līlak, from Persian ليلكlilak, variant of nilak = blueish, from Sanskrit nila = blue or indigo. mummy  -մումիա ,mūmiyā مومياembalmed corpse; earlier, a bituminous embalming substance, from Persian mūm = wax.

Orange -նարինջ .nāranj, orange نارنجDescends from Sanskritic nāraṅga = orange. The orange tree came from India. sofa  -դիվան, բազմոց suffah, a sofa, a صفةcouch or bench. This word was adopted into Turkish and entered Western Europe from Turkish in the 16th century.

Safari-սաֆարիEnglish is from Swahili language safari = "journey" which is from Arabic ."safar = "journey سفرSugar -շաքար}ر sukkar, sugar. Ultimately سكfrom Sanskritic sharkara = sugar. Among the earliest records in English are these entries in the account books of an abbey in Durham: year 1302 "Zuker Marok", 1309 "succre marrokes", 1310 "Couker de Marrok", 1316 "Zucar de Cypr[us]".

Sumac -սումախاق summāq, sumac, species of shrub and the سم�

culinary spice obtained from its fruit. In the medieval era sumac was used in herbal medicine and in leather making and as a dye. Seen in 10th century Latin,and as such it is one of the earliest loanwords on this list.

  

Sultan- սուլթանVizier- վեզիրBazaar- արլևելյան շուկաCaravan- քարավան

Pupil-Lena  Vardanyan

7

LATIN BORROWINGS IN ENGLISH

Latin is the extinct language of the Roman Empire. It is an Indo-European language.

Sixty percent of the English language comes

from Latin.

In Latin, most words for jobs end in -ER or -OR ("arbiter“- միջնորդ դատավոր, "creditor“- պարտատեր). Words ending in -UM make their plurals with -A ("stadium“- ստադիոն, "stadia"); words ending in -A make the plurals with -AE ("formula“- բանաձև, "formulae"); words ending in -US make their plurals with -I ("fungus“- բորբոս, "fungi").

There are too many borrowed words from Latin to include all of them here. They can be grouped into several types:

Business and Commercial ("creditor“- պարտատեր, "agenda“- օրակարգ),political ("agitator“- խառնիչ),legal ("alibi“- ալիբի ),signs of the Zodiac ("Scorpio“- Կարիճ, "Virgo“ - Կույս),place names ("Britain“- Բրիտանիա, "Germany“- Գերմանիա),names of months ("March“ Մարտ, "September“- Սեպտեմբեր),non-metric units of length ("mile“-մղոն, "inch“- դյույմ)

The following are some of the commonly used Latin loanwords in English:

anatomy – անատոմիաanimate –կենդանիAnnual- տարեկանAudio- աուդիոBacteria- բակտերիաCaesar- կեսարCancer- քաղցկեղchalk – կավիճCheese- պանիր

Church-եկեղեցիdata –տվյալներDecide- որոշելEmperor- կայսրExpensive- թանկարժեքGeneral- գեներալImmoral- անբարոյականHonor-պատիվ

Memory- հիշողություն mile –մղոնminus –մինուսMoment-պահPaper-թուղթStreet-փողոցwall-պատWine-գինի

Teacher-Yanna AbovyanPupil Khachatryan Yulya