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Living in Harmony

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Page 1: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Living in Harmony

Page 2: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Get Started

1. Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not?

2. It is necessary to forgive the person who has hurt you? Why or why not?

3. Do you think interpersonal relationships have anything to do with one’s success in career and life? State your reasons.

Page 3: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Choose the Quote You Like Best

1. The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.

2. Harmony makes small things grow, lack of it makes great things decay.

3. A wise man will make haste to forgive, because he knows the true value of time, and will not suffer it to pass away in unnecessary pain.

Mahatma Gandhi

Sallust

Samuel Johnson

Page 4: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Listen and Respond

Page 5: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Living in Harmony Look around you. The world in which we live

often seems filled with hate created by fear, misunderstanding, and selfishness. We fight with each other; we make war over resources and we desire to have power over others.

But there is no good reason to hate. Your neighbors may be of a different color; they may follow a different religion; or they may have a different culture, but they are still human; they are still worthy of respect. We all live in the same small world; we should aim to treat each other as brothers and sisters.

Listen and Respond

Page 6: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Living in Harmony

Look at your own family. Home is where we find happiness and rest. All things go well in harmony, and such a family will be filled with love and vitality. As it is said, “Better a meal of vegetables where there is love than a meal of delicious beef with hate.” Thus, we must first love the members of our family. How can we love others if we do not love our own family members?

We can find more than enough reasons to live in harmony and love, then we can work together to create a better world for all of us.

Listen and Respond

Page 7: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Read and Explore

Page 8: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Global Reading

1. It is unnecessary and impossible for those who have been seriously hurt to forgive.

2. If you have decided to forgive someone, you’d better do it as early as possible.

3. When you forgive the person who has hurt you, he will always be happy about it.

4. We’ll always suffer from the feeling of being hurt if we don’t forgive.

( F )

( T )

( F )

( T )

TRUE OR FALSE

Read and Explore

Page 9: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

________

___________________________________

Global Reading

1. No human relationship can survive without .

2. The core of forgiveness is .3. It is unnecessary to wait for the because the longer we wait, the more difficult it becomes.

forgiveness

that those who have been hurt should forgive

right time to forgive someone

Directions: Complete the following sentences according to the text.

________

Read and Explore

Page 10: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

forgiveness: n. [U] when sb. forgives another person

He never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness.

Collocation:

ask / beg / pray, etc. for (sb’s) forgiveness

我必须请求你的宽恕。

他从不承认自己的罪行,也不请求饶恕。

I have to ask for your forgiveness.

Derivation:

forgive v.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 11: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

这两个动词均有“原谅”之意。 指尽管某人做错了事情,但是你不再生气,不再责怪他了,一 般指原谅或者宽恕比较严重的错误。 指原谅一些不是很严重的错误,比如莽撞、失礼等小过失。

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the two words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. She was for coming late.

2. A wife an unfaithful husband.

3. Please my bad handwriting.

4. They their enemies.

forgives________

excused_______

excuse______

forgive______

CF: forgive & excuse

forgive

excuse

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 12: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

good-tempered: adj.

pleasant, kind, and not easily made angry

Minnie was always good-tempered and agreeable.

lose one’s temperkeep one’s temper

Collocations:

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 13: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

universal: adj.

There does not appear to be universal agreement on the future of the CBA.

involving everyone in the world or in a particular group

These stories have universal appeal.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 14: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

ironically: adv.

Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.

used when talking about a situation in which the opposite of what you expected happens or is true

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 15: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

root sth. out:

Action is being taken to root out corruption in the police force.

find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it

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Words and Phrases

Page 16: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

cripple: v.

The industry is being crippled by high interest rates.

1. damage sth. badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective

2. hurt sb. badly so that they cannot walk properly

Asia’s economy was crippled by inflation.

通货膨胀曾使亚洲经济陷于瘫痪。

罢工使工厂陷于瘫痪。

The strike crippled the factory.

She was crippled in the car accident.

她在车祸中致残。

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 17: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

cling: v.

For the moment I cling to the idea that there are a relatively small number of students left.

continue to believe or do sth., even though it may not be true or useful any longer

他坚定地认为她有治愈的希望。He clung to the hope that she would be cured.

cling to the hope / belief / idea, etc. Collocation:

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 18: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

heal: v.

A sprain usually takes longer to heal than a broken bone.

The wound on my arm has healed.

我胳膊上的伤已经愈合了。

1. if a wound or a broken bone heals or is healed, the flesh, skin, or bone grows back together and becomes healthy again

2. if an argument or disagreement between people heals or you heal it, the people stop arguing or disagreeing

The disagreement among the family members healed over with time.

家庭成员之间的不和随着时间的流逝而消失。

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 19: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The dentist is my teeth.

2. Penicillin him of pneumonia.

3. The cut on his finger quickly.

4. The new measure the negative impact caused by

rumors.

5. Time most troubles.

cured_____

treating_______

healed______

heals_____

cured______

这三个动词均有“治疗”之意。 指通过用药、住院、手术等来治疗疾病。 着重治疗的效果,多指外伤的愈合,也可以指精神上的创伤的 治愈。 也着重治疗的结果,多指治愈内科疾病,也可用来指消除某种 不良的影响。

CF: treat, heal & cure

treatheal

cure

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 20: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

put: v.

say or write sth. using words in a particular way

When women joined the organization, it “took on a new look”, as the news report put it.

It was a matter of balance, as one teacher put it.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 21: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

core: n.the most important or central part of sth.

问题的关键是债务。Debt is at the core of the problem.

The core of the book focuses on the period between 1660 and 1857.

the core of the problem core curriculum

Collocations:

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 22: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

shallow: adj. not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters — used to show disapproval

He’s only interested in your look, which shows how shallow he is.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 23: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

initial: adj.happening at the beginning

最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。

The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.

the initial stage / phase / period of the initial letter

Collocations:

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 24: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

one-off: adj. happening or done only once, not as part of a regular series

In fact the whole exercise was fairly straight forward, except for one problem which required a one-off solution.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 25: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

They sense this may develop into a confrontation between teachers.

confrontation: n.

Julia had stayed in her room to avoid any more confrontation.

a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement between two people or groups

Pattern:confrontation with / between

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 26: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

resentment: n.a feeling of anger because sth. has happened that you think is unfair

Tom stared at the other boys with resentment.

She was filled with deep resentment at being passed over for promotion.

feel / harbour / bear resentment

Collocation:

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 27: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

这两个名词均有“愤怒、怨恨”之意。 指因受到侮辱或自尊心受到伤害而产生的怨恨。例如 :

指因为言语或者行为而感到生气,语气没有 resentment 强烈。 例如:

She cherished a deep resentment towards her employer for having denied her a promotion.

Everyone feels resentment at being treated unfairly.

I hope you will not take any offence at my words.

She easily takes offence.

CF: resentment & offence

resentment

offence

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 28: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

tackle v.try to deal with a difficult problem

It took twelve fire engines to tackle the blaze.

There is more than one way to tackle the problem.

解决这个问题有许多方法。

The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 29: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

innocent: adj. not guilty of a crime

Nobody would believe that I was innocent.

Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime?

你能提供证据证明他没有犯罪吗 ?

Pattern: innocent of

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 30: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

functional: adj.designed to be useful rather than beautiful or attractive

These buildings are beautifully designed, not purely functional.

functional 的反义词 decorative

Note:

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 31: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

peel: v.1. if skin, paper, or paint peels, it comes off, usually in small pieces; lose an outer layer or surface

The paper was peeling from the wall.

The bark peels off.

Peel the label from the jar.

2. remove the outer layer from sth.; remove the skin from fruit or vegetables

撕下这个瓶罐的标签。请剥开这只香蕉。Please peel this banana.

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Words and Phrases

Page 32: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

flaw: n. a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes sth. imperfect

A design flaw caused the engine to explode.

A flaw in the crystal caused it to shatter.

Pattern:flaw in

这两个名词均有“缺陷”之意。 表示存在或出现瑕疵,使某物不完美。例如 :

常常表示一个缺陷非常严重,以致完全妨碍了某种功能的发挥。 例如 :

CF: flaw & defect

flaw

defect

The flaw in the weapon was its inability to fire rapidly.

The length of her white gloves was the only flaw in her appearance.

A defect in the fuel lines prevented the missile from blasting off.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 33: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

at peace (with):a situation in which there is no war or fighting

The country is at peace with its neighbors for the first time in years.

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Words and Phrases

Page 34: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

nurture: v. help a plan, idea, feeling, etc. to develop

It is important to nurture potential in your employees.

Reading aloud nurtures the love of books in children.

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Words and Phrases

Page 35: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

alternative: n.an alternative idea, plan, etc. is different from the one you have and can be used instead

We have no alternative but to go on.

There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.

除了继续下去,我们没有别的选择。

这三个名词均有“选择”之意。 指从几样东西中选择,强调选择的自由度。例如 :

多指从两者之间作出选择,强调选择的范围受到限制。例如:

CF: choice, alternative & option

choice

alternative

New stocks have just arrived, so the shop now has a large choice of goods.

The blue one is my choice.

You have the alternative of staying in high school or going to work.

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 36: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

这三个名词均有“选择”之意。 指在特定条件下作出的选择,强调选择的可能性。例如:

None of the options are satisfactory.

There are three options open to us.

CF: choice, alternative & option

option

Read and Explore

Words and Phrases

Page 37: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

1. 身心健康 physical and mental health

2. 彻底根除;根除 root out

3. 生根 take hold

4. 坚持 cling to sth.

5. …… 的关键 the core of…

6. 脱口而出 roll off the tongue

7. 偏离了宽恕的真正含义 miss the whole point of forgiveness

8. …… 的最初行为 the initial act of …

9. 一次性的行为 a one-off act

10. 不断的情感冲突 constant emotional confrontation

11. 时间不会治愈创伤。 Time really doesn’t heal.

12. 运用宽恕的艺术 tackle the art of forgiveness

Read and Explore

Useful Expressions

Page 38: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

13. 随着时间的流逝 as time rolls by

14. 不管喜欢不喜欢 like it or not

15. 认真审视自己 take a long, hard look at ourselves

16. 不隐瞒缺点地 warts and all

17. 修复破裂的关系 heal broken relationships

18. 缓和局面 ease the situation

19. 迈出第一步 make the first move

20. 记住…… keep…in mind

21. 为他们,也是为自己 for you just as much as for them

22. 不再生气 let go of your anger

23. 心平气和地对待发生的事 be at peace with what happened

Read and Explore

Useful Expressions

Page 39: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

What other relationships are mentioned?

Marriage isn’t the only relationship that needs forgiveness. ( Line 1)

The relationships between parents and kids, between friends, between workmates, neighbours and even strangers.

Page 40: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

.…like cancer, bitterness can destroy its host. ( Line 11)

What is bitterness compared to?

Bitterness is compared to cancer.

Page 41: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

As the ancient Chinese proverb puts it, “Whoever seeks revenge should dig two graves.” ( Line 18)

Translate the Chinese proverb into Chinese.

复仇者必自绝。

Page 42: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

True forgiveness is not a one-off act; it’s a constant emotional confrontation. ( Line 38)

Paraphrase this sentence.

True forgiveness is not done only once. It is a part of a series of acts and you will have to deal with it emotionally all the time.

Page 43: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

If you wait for the “right time”, you may never do it. ( Line 42)

What does it refer to?

Forgiving someone.

Page 44: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

It didn’t create the same impression any more, but at least it was being honest! (Line 50)

1. How could the furniture be honest?

The furniture showed what it was like with the thin covering peeling at the edges.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

再也没有当初的效果了,不过至少它现在是以真实面目示人。

Page 45: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

The fact is that, like it or not, behind our smart covering, we’re all just chipboard. (Line 52)

What is the implied meaning of chipboard?

Chipboard is a type of board made from small pieces of wood pressed together with glue. Just like chipboard, we’re not as nice as what we seem to be beneath our surface.

Page 46: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

So if you think you’re right and can’t find it in yourself to forgive, ask yourself this question: would you rather be right or happy? (Line 61)

What is the implied meaning of would you rather be right or happy?

If you insist that you are the person being hurt and refuse to forgive, you will be destroyed by this resentment sooner or later. But if you choose to forgive, joy and happiness will be with you.

Page 47: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

But keep in mind you’re doing this for you just as much as for them, so don’t be upset if they don’t react as you hoped. (line 69)

If you forgive someone, what kind of reaction do you expect and what’s his possible reaction?

You expect that he will accept your forgiveness with gratitude, while he probably ignores your forgiveness with a kind of indifference.

Page 48: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

Forgiving puts you in control. However tough it is, the alternative is far worse. (Line 82)

What does the alternative refer to?

Refusing to forgive and holding the resentment in your mind.

Page 49: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Detailed ReadingRead and Explore

1. What does the phrase “the oxygen of forgiveness” mean in this context?

2. According to the author, who really needs to forgive?

3. What is the similarity between cancer and bitterness?

4. Why it is impossible to forgive for some people?

5. In the author’s opinion, what’s wrong with the saying “Forgive and forget”?

6. Is there a “right time” to forgive others?

7. What does the author want to show by citing the example of the cheap furniture?

8. What does the sentence “Would you rather be right or happy” imply?

9. Why does the author say that unless you learn to forgive you will always remains a victim?

10. What’s the meaning of the sentence “forgiving puts you in control”?

Page 50: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Passage Structure Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

1

2

1~3

4~10

Why forgiveness is necessary for human relationships and for your own health and sanity?

You should act immediately and deliberately to forgive others although it is difficult to do so. At the same time, you should look back on your own warts and be aware of your own flaws.

3 11~15Forgiving others can get a satisfying reaction. No matter how the person responds to your effort, you will feel happy once you try to forgive him or her.

Read and Explore

Page 51: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Text Listening

• Listen to the text carefully and pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.

Read and Explore

Page 52: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Apology and Forgiveness

As the proverb goes, “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” It’s inevitable for you to do something wrong to others or for others to do something wrong to you. You need to apologize to others or forgive others to maintain harmonious relationships. Do you know how to express your apology or forgiveness in English? Brainstorm with your group members and write down as many phrases or sentence patterns as you can.

After Reading

Page 53: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Expressions for ApologyI can’t tell you how sorry I am.

I’m so sorry. It is all my fault.

May I offer my sincerest apologies for (doing) ...?

I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt you.

A thousand pardons for taking up so much of your time.

I apologize for what I said just now.

Please forgive me for having lost your letter.

I hope you will forgive me.Oh, my fault.

I (do) beg your pardon.

Forgive me for doing ...

I regret doing ... / that

It’s wrong of me to do ...

I owe you an apology for ...

Apology

After Reading

Page 54: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Expressions for ForgivenessDon’t think anymore about it.

It doesn’t matter at all.

Don’t let it worry you.

I quite understand…

Please don’t take it too hard.

It’s not your fault.

Forget it.

Well, it’s just one of those things. (这是常有的事。)

It’s OK. That can happen to the best of us. (没关系。谁都会发生这种事。)

Forgiveness

After Reading

Page 55: Living in Harmony. Get Started 1.Have you ever been hurt deeply by someone? Do you hate him or her? Why or why not? 2.It is necessary to forgive the person

Group DiscussionAfter Reading

As a college student, you are now living on campus. Have you ever experienced any of the following situations that may affect the harmony in your dorm?

1. A roommate often stays up late or even plays PC games overnight.2. You need to study while a roommate is playing music loudly.3. You need to sleep but a roommate has invited his / her friends over. 4. A roommate often has his / her date in the room, which makes the other roommates quite uneasy.5. For some reason, you are isolated (孤立 ) by your roommates and you feel lonely.If you have experienced any of the above situations, tell your

group members how you dealt with the situation(s). What do you think are the most important principles for living harmoniously with your roommates?

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Home WritingAfter Reading

For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic How to live in harmony with your roommates? based on the discussion above. Your composition should be no less than 150 words.

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1. Forgive and forget.

不念旧恶。

2. Forgive others but not yourself.

待人宽,对己严。

3. To err is human, to forgive, divine.

犯错人皆难免;宽恕则属超凡。

4. To forgive our enemies is a charming way of revenge.

饶恕敌人是一种巧妙的报复方法。

Proverbs and Quotations

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Proverbs and Quotations

6. All men are liable to error; and most men are, in many points, by passion or interest, under temptation to it.

— Locke, British philosopher

人都会犯错误,在许多情况下,大多数人是由于欲望或兴趣的引诱而犯错误的。 —— 英国哲学家 洛克

5. Mutual forgiveness of each vice, such are the gates of Paradise. — Black, British poet

相互宽恕对方的缺点,乃是通向天堂之门。

—— 英国诗人 布莱克

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Grammatical Explanation

定语从句( Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词 , 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

 关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which 等。 关系副词有: when, where, why 等。

After Reading

… 先行词 + 关系代词(关系副词) …

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Grammatical Explanation

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1 ) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?( who/that 在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。( whom/that 在从句中作宾语)

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation2) Whose  用来指人或物, ( 只用作定语 , 若指物,它还可以同of which互换) ,  例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover/ the cover of which is green.  请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3 ) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。( which / that 在句中作主语) The package which / that/ ~ you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.  你拿的包快散了。 (which / that 在句中作宾语)

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

2  关系副词引导的定语从句  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

1 ) when, where, why 关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词 + which” 结构,因此常常和“介词 + which” 结构交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?  这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

注意:有些定语从句只能以“介词 + which” 的形式出现Is this the train by which you traveled to Beijing.

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

2 ) that代替关系副词 that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和 "介词 + which"引导的定语从句,在口语中 that 常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.  他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.  他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

3 判断关系代词与关系副词

 方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 (主、谓、宾、定、状 ) ,也能正确选择出关系代词 / 关系副词。例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

After Reading

答案:例 1 D ,例 2 A

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Grammatical Explanation

4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:

This is the house which we bought last month.   这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理 ·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 , 对其进行修饰 , 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

5 介词 + 关系词1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2 ) that前不能有介词。3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的 "介词 + 关系词 " 结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

6 as, which 非限定性定语从句  由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句, as 和 which 可代整个主句,相当于 and this 或 and that 。 As 一般放在句首, which 在句中。

   As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

   The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

7 先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.   (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替 )

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.    (what 可以用 all that代替 )

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

8 what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever

1 ) what = the thing which ; whatever = anything   What you want has been sent here.   Whatever you want makes no difference to me.

2) who= the person that  whoever= anyone who   (错)Who breaks the law will be punished.   (错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.   (对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.   (对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

3) that 和 what    当 that引导定语从句时 ,通常用作关系代词。而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句中的 that 常可省略。 What 只能引导名词性从句, 用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。   I think (that) you will like the stamps.  What we need is more practice.

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

9 关系代词 that 的用法

1)不用 that 的情况

   a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。( 错 ) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

   b) 介词后不能用。     We depend on the land from which we get our food.     We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

After Reading

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Grammatical Explanation

2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

   a) 在 there be 句型中,只用 that ,不用 which 。   b) 在不定代词,如: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时,只用 that ,不用 which 。   c) 先行词有 the only, the very修饰时,只用 that 。     d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用 that 。 .   e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

  Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.   那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

After Reading

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Test

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.2.Do you know the man _______? (I, speak)3.This is the hotel _______last month. (they, stay)4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.8.This is one of the best films _______this year.(show)9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?(you, talk about)10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

Fill in the blanks with proper words and form.

After Reading

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Test11. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.

(against)12. Didn’t you see the man __________? (you, nod)13. Is there anything __________ to you? (belong)14. ---- “How do you like the book?” ---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last

month.”15. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except

the ones __________ had already taken them.16. The train __________ she was traveling was late.17. It’s the third time __________ late this month. (you,

arrive)18. May 4th is the day __________ we Chinese people will

never forget.19. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are

produced?20. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from

his skin.

After Reading