LIVING ORGANISMS AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS

CLASS VI

ORGANISM-LIVING CREATURE• LIVING ORGANISMS ARE

FOUND EVERYWHERE ON EARTH

HABITAT• THE NATURAL LIVING PLACE OF AN

ORGANISM IS ITS HABITAT.• AN ORGANISM DEPENDS ON ITS

HABITAT FOR FOOD, WATER, AIR, SHELTER etc.

• SEVERAL KINDS OF ORGANISMS ARE FOUND IN A HABITAT.

ADAPTATION

• THE PRESENCE OF SPECIAL FEATURES IN OR CERTAIN HABITS WHICH ENABLE A PLANT OR AN ANIMAL TO LIVE IN ITS SURROUNDINGS IS CALLED ITS ADAPTATION.

I. TERRESTRIAL HABITAT

• IF THE HABITAT IS LAND, IT IS CALLED TERRESTRIAL HABITAT.• EXAMPLES-DESERT,FOREST,

GRASSLAND, MOUNTAINS etc.

1.DESERT

DESERT PLANTS

CACTUS AGAVE DATE PALM

DESERT PLANTSADAPTATIONS OF DESERT PLANTS

• 1. LEAVES ARE ABSENT/ REDUCED OR MODIFIED INTO SPINES --TO REDUCE WATER LOSS BY TRANSPIRATION

ADAPTATIONS OF DESERT PLANTS

• 2. STEM IS GREEN AND DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• 3.STEM STORES WATER, SO IT IS THICK AND FLESHY

• 4.DEEP ROOT SYSTEM TO COLLECT MAXIMUM WATER FROM DEEP SOIL

• 5.THICK WAXY LAYER ON STEM PREVENTS WATER LOSS

ADAPTATION IN DESERT ANIMALS

• 1.CAMEL HAS LONG LEGS TO KEEP THE BODY AWAY FROM HOT SAND.

• 2. IT STORES FOOD AS FAT IN ITS HUMP.

• 3. IT CAN STORE WATER IN ITS BODY.

• 5. LONG EYELASHES • TO PREVENT SAND FROM • FALLING INTO THE EYES

4. HOOFS OF A CAMEL WELL SUITED FOR WALKING ON SAND

SOME ANIMALS REMAIN IN BURROWS DURING THE DAY & COMES OUT DURING NIGHT

DESERT ANIMALS IN BURROWS

2.MOUNTAIN REGIONS

• 1.MOUNTAIN TREES GROW IN CONICAL PATTERN WITH SLOPPING BRANCHES – HELPS SNOW TO SLIDE DOWN.

2. THEY HAVE NEEDLE SHAPED LEAVES-HELPS WATER AND SNOW TO SLIDE DOWN

ANIMALS IN MOUNTAIN REGION• 1.A SNOW LEOPARD IS

WHITE IN COLOUR –CAN HIDE IN THE ENVIRONMENT.

• 2.THICK FUR –TO PROTECT FROM COLD

• 3.CLAWS TO PREVENT SLIPPING ON THE SURFACE OF SNOW

MOUNTAIN GOAT

• 1.THICK WHITE FUR

• 2.STRONG HOOFS FOR RUNNING UP THE ROCKY SLOPES.

YAK

• LONG THICH FUR OF YAK PROTECT IT FROM SEVERE

COLD IN THE WINTER

3. GRASS LANDSLION

• 1.LIGHT BROWN COLOUR- HELPS TO HIDE IN GRASS

LAND• 2.LONG CLAWS WHICH

CAN BE WITHDRAWN INSIDE.

• 3.BOTH THE EYES INFRONT OF THE HEAD-GIVES CORRECT IDEA ABOUT THE LOCATION OF THE PREY

DEER• 1. CAN RUN FASTER—TO

ESCAPE FROM THE PREDATORS.

• 2.STRONG TEETH –CHEWING HARD STEM.

• 3.LONG EARS –TO HEAR THE MOVEMENTS OF PREDATORS.

• 4. EYES AT THE SIDE OF HEAD ALLOWS TO LOOK IN ALL DIRECTIONS FOR DANGER

PREDATOR & PREY• A PREDATOR EATS THE PREY.• THE HUNTER IS THE PREDATOR• THE ONE WHO IS HUNTED BY THE PREDATOR

IS THE PREY

II.AQUATIC HABITAT - OCEAN

AQUATIC ANIMALS• 1.STREAMLINED

[BOAT SHAPED] BODY.-FOR EASY MOVEMENT IN WATER

• 2.GILLS FOR RESPIRATION

• 3.BODY IS PROTECTED BY SCALES GILLS

BLOW HOLES• DOLPHINS AND

WHALES HAVE NOSTRILS TO BREATHE AIR FROM ATMOSPHERECALLED BLOWHOLES

PONDS AND LAKES

WATER PLANTS• SOME HAVE ROOTS FIXED IN THE SOIL• G

LOTUS VALLISNARIA

SOME ARE FLOATING

WATER HYACINTH

PISTIA

SALVINIA

IN VALLISNARIA, THE RIBBON SHAPED LEAVES CAN BEND IN WATER TO PREVENT UPROOTING

• STEM OF LOTUS IS HOLLOW ,LONG AND LIGHT.• LEAVES ARE DISC SHAPED.• LEAVES AND FLOWERS FLOAT ON WATER.• LEAVES HAVE WAXY COATING TO PREVENT

WATER STAGNATION

LEAF STALK IS FILLED WITH AIR TO HELP FLOATING

SOME ARE SUBMERGED-HYDRILLA PLANT

FROGS

• CAN BREATHE IN WATER AND LAND.

• WEBBED FEET TO SWIM IN WATER.

• STRONG BACK LEG TO TAKE LONG LEAPS.

• STICKY TONGUE TO CATCH INSECTS

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS• 1. ALL LIVING THINGS NEED FOOD . FOOD IS THE SOURCE OF ENERGY

2.LIVING THINGS GROW

3.LIVING THINGS RESPIREBOTH PLANS AND ANIMALS DO RESPIRATION.DURING RESPIRATION, OXYGEN IS USED AND CARBONDIOXIDE IS RELEASED.

4.LIVING THING RESPOND TO STIMULI

• INSECTS LIKE COKROACH, MOVE AWAY FROM LIGHT.

• SOME INSECTS ARE ATTRACTED BY LIGHT.

PLANTS TOO RESPOND TO LIGHT

• SOME FLOWERS LIKE WATER LILY BLOOMS AT NIGHT.

• LOTUS BLOOMS IN DAY LIGHT. LEAVES OF A TOUCH ME NOT PLANT DROOPS

WHEN TOUCHED.