Locating information on World Hunger

Where to look

How to search

How to evaluate

First, identify what you need

Why does the deficiency matter? Is the deficiency a problem in a

particular region? What is the extent of the problem? Who is affected?

Why the deficiency matters

What impact does the deficiency have onThe individual?The household?The region?

Sources for consequences of deficiencies

Course readings World Health Organization (WHO) –

nutrition section Health encyclopedia Internet search

Search terms: name of nutrient, condition(s) caused by lack of nutrient, <nutrient> deficiency, -ies

Prevalence in a region

Data!Numbers – tables, charts, graphsPopulations – age, gender, racePercentages – how many of a

population are effected?

Where to find data

International agencies WHO, FAO, UNICEF, UNDP, WFP

Specific focus – may be government or non-governmentalMicronutrient Initiative, Helen Keller,

ICCIDD

Why is there a problem?

Lack of food Lack of food diversity Lack of nutrient in staple food

Is the lack chronic or acute? Is it the result of a manmade or

natural disaster?

Programs

Describe specific programs (projects) to address a specific need in a specific population in a specific region

For example: Distributing Vitamin A supplements to children under 5 during National Immunization Day in Zambia.

Locating Program Information

Search the InternetBUT be sure to check the authority of

the information you locate Search library databases

To locate articles written in journals about programs

Internet Search Engines

Many sites allow advertisers to pay for better placement in the results

On some sites it is easier to distinguish between search hits and advertisements (Sponsored Links; Sponsored Matches)

Evaluate the site you select to see if it is trying to sell you something

Search tips for Internet Search Engines

Look for “help” link on search page Use specific words and synonyms Put quotation marks around phrases

“iodine deficiency” Put + in front of important words

+goiter +statistics Use truncation to find multiple endings

Cretin* to find cretin, cretins, cretinism

Evaluating a website

What is the AUTHORITY of the author or organization to provide information about the topic?

How CURRENT is the information? Can you find a date on the page or

with the data?Johns Hopkins University – Evaluating

Information found on the Internet http://www.library.jhu.edu/elp/useit/evaluate/

Library Databases

To find articles published in journals use library databases

Scholarly research – not just “what we did” but why, how, results, analysis

Harder to find very current information Sometimes the article is not online –

but it may be in the library

Selecting a database

There are numerous databases to choose from

Different databases cover different journals

Databases are often subject-specific

Databases for World Hunger

Academic Search Premier – wide range of subjects, some full-text articles

Medline (PubMed) – wide range of health related articles – some full-text

CINAHL – Allied Health – nutrition Agricola – Agriculture

Search terms

Use synonyms or related wordsIodine deficiency or goiter or cretinism

Use AND between your search terms – this will only return records with both termsIodine deficiency and zambia

Use truncation to find multiple endingsCretin* to find cretin, cretins, cretinism

Searching Databases

Look at the subjects or descriptors on “good” recordsDifferent terms than your searchOther terms that are relevant

Do a new search using subjects or descriptors

Full text access

Some articles in databases include full text – look for a “full text” or PDF link

If the full text is not thereLook for a link for “linked full text” that

will take you to another locationLook for the SFX button – click on it to

see if any full text is available in the library, or if it is in print

Ask for help

If you are having trouble finding information ask a librarian for assistance

Keep track of all of the places you have looked and the search terms you used

Don’t wait until the last minute!

Citing your sources

You must fully cite all of your sources of information in your assignments

Use the APA FormatLink with examples at

http://www.library.gsu.edu/instruction/citation-styles.pdf

Full manual at the reference desk Use in-text citations for material you

copy or paraphrase

Policy on Academic Honesty

http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwdos/codeofconduct_conpol.html

Plagiarism. Plagiarism is presenting another person’s work as one’s own. Plagiarism includes any paraphrasing or summarizing of the works of another person without acknowledgment, including the submitting of another student’s work as one’s own. Plagiarism frequently involves a failure to acknowledge in the text, notes, or footnotes the quotation of the paragraphs, sentences, or even a few phrases written or spoken by someone else.

Falsification. It is a violation of academic honesty to misrepresent material or fabricate information in an academic exercise, assignment or proceeding.

Helen Keller International (2001). Iron deficiency in Cambodia: the need for iron supplementation among preschool-aged children. Cambodia Nutrition Bulletin 2(6). Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.hkiasiapacific.org/_downloads/CmbNutrBul_vol2_iss6.pdf

World Health Organization. (2003). Combating vitamin A deficiency, the challenges. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.who.int/nut/vad.htm

Iron Deficiency Anemia – China. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2004 , from Tulane University, International Nutrition Program, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development Web site: http://www.tulane.edu/~internut/Countries/China/chinairon.html

Full APA Reference to a website document

A 1992 survey found that iron deficiency rates in China for women over 15 years old is 22.7% (Iron Deficiency Anemia – China)

In-text reference – direct quote“Anemia prevalence among children 6-11 months of age was 79% and nearly 20% had an Hb <9 g/dL. This level of severity more or less persisted into the second year of life and then declined after 24 mo of age but was still very high.” (Helen Keller International, 2001, p.2)

In-text reference – direct quote – no page number“Crucial for maternal and child survival, supplying adequate vitamin A in high-risk areas can significantly reduce mortality. Conversely, its absence causes a needlessly high risk of disease and death.” (WHO, 2003, para. 3)

In-text references

Making Comparisons

Identify what criteria are relevant for the comparison Is the deficiency affecting the same population? Is the staple food the same? Is the infrastructure/level of industrialization

comparable? For each criterion:

Yes, they are the same or No, they are not the same

Will that impact the likelihood of the program succeeding? Why or why not?

Evaluating program information Was the program successful?

Are there data showing a decrease in the prevalence of the deficiency or condition?

Why was it or wasn’t it successful? What internal and/or external support was

needed? What infrastructure was needed? What geologic conditions were needed? What education was needed?

Review of Submission

Not just a compilation! You may need a team to check references

• Make sure reference is complete• Make sure URL is correct• Make sure in-text citations are present and refer

to items in the Reference List (Works Cited)• Make sure all information is documented in a

reference

Sections should flow together and not contain internal contradictions.