low energy building design group b romain jauffres, karen kennedy, pedro ros zuazua, ulrich sanson...

Low Energy Building Design

Group B

Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

Embedded Generation

Scottish research centre

Introduction: aims; briefly introduce the design

What is the demand? profiles

Discuss different technologies which we have looked at and how they influence (suit) the demand profiles:

Solar

Wind

Ground heating

CHP

Next steps in investigation.

Group B: Romain Jauffres, Karen Kennedy, Pedro Ros Zuazua, Ulrich Sanson

The Design

Residential building in remote Scotland

Occupancy:

52 during Summer (June 1st to August 31st),

16 during Winter (September 1st to May 31st)

Linked with a work building.


Demand

Space heating

Water heating


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

space heating water heating

Demand

Lighting

Appliances


Lighting Totals (kW)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

Totals

Solar: Photovoltaic

What:

Production of electrical power from the sun,

Characteristics:

Efficiency is higher for modules which are angled and even more so if they track the movement of the sun,

The power is harvested during the day, can be stored in batteries until there is demand but this reduces the efficiency,

Usually have a maximum efficiency of 15%,

Efficiency is increased by cooling the modules by ventilating at the back,

The power demand profile for our building has peak periods of demand between 0700 and 0900, 1200 and 1400, 1700 and 2300.


Solar: Thermal

What:

Utilises the power of the sun to produce hot water,

Characteristics:

System efficiency is usually about 25%,

Good to have a large draw off of hot water in the middle of the day,

Again they have to be angled,

The hot water demands are between 0700 and 1000, 1200 and 1500, 1700 and 1900,

The changing hours of daylight throughout the year will alter the effectiveness of the system.


Supply


Solar Power

0

5

10

15

20

Janu

ary

Mar

chM

ay July

Septe

mbe

r

Novem

ber

Month

Ho

urs

of

Su

nsh

ine/

Po

wer

(k

Wh

)

Average Daily SunshineHours

P adjusted for temp

Solar Intensity

0

200

400

600

800

1000

00:00

03:00

06:00

09:00

12:00

15:00

18:00

21:00

Hour of Day

Inte

nsi

ty (

W/m

^2)

Intensity June (W/m 2̂)

Intensity January(W/m 2̂)

Wind turbines

what is it ?

extracting the kinetic

energy from an air flow


Wind turbines


types / characteristics

power ratings : few kW to 2 MW (typical commercial in a farm 600kW)

life time : 15-25 years with maintenance

unpredictable source of power (minimum 5 m/s)

power in the wind is proportional to the cube of wind speed

Scotland is windy, this source of energy is viable.

Ground source heating

What:

Heat extracted from the ground via heat pumps

Characteristics:

Provide water and space heating

Stable resource (no fluctuation in ground temperature)

Requires energy input, efficiency given by CoP (3-4)

Suitable for our building and interesting because of the constant profile


Ground source heating


CHP

what:

production on-site of heat and power in a single independent system

characteristics:

Efficient utilisation of fuel

Heat provided is often hot water

H/P ratio depends on the type of engine: 0.5/1 < H/P < 5/1

Suitable for large and constant demands

Requires space

compatibility:

Living area: occasional occupancy, peak loads, no constant demand

Do not suit very well


CONCLUSION


We will investigate:

Alter the demand profiles to fit the supply = make changes

in operation, geometry and construction

Optimize the building consumption of renewable energy

low energy building design group b romain jauffres, karen kennedy, pedro ros zuazua, ulrich sanson...

Documents