Low scale gravity black holes Low scale gravity black holes at LHCat LHC

Enikő RegősEnikő Regős( CERN )( CERN )

Search for Extra DimensionsSearch for Extra Dimensions

LHC : Quantum Gravity & Extra DimsLHC : Quantum Gravity & Extra Dims Stringy Quantum Black HolesStringy Quantum Black Holes Low-scale Gravity Black Holes at LHCLow-scale Gravity Black Holes at LHC Comparison of Black Hole GeneratorsComparison of Black Hole Generators

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De Roeck Gamsizkan TrocsanyiDe Roeck Gamsizkan Trocsanyi

Quantum gravity and accelerator Quantum gravity and accelerator physicsphysics

Obtain limits from collider Obtain limits from collider experimentsexperiments

Graviton interference effects Graviton interference effects at Large Hadron Collider, at Large Hadron Collider, CERNCERN

Decay modes of particles Decay modes of particles with mass in TeV rangewith mass in TeV range

Hadron/lepton scatterings Hadron/lepton scatterings andand

decays in extra-dimensional decays in extra-dimensional modelsmodels

Black holes at LHC, CMSBlack holes at LHC, CMS

Limits from Limits from cosmology and cosmology and astrophysics: cosmic astrophysics: cosmic rays and supernovaerays and supernovae

Particle astrophysics Particle astrophysics Dark matterDark matter mass of particles, mass of particles, Ex:Ex: Axions Axions Evidence fromEvidence from observations for extra observations for extra

DD Quantum black holes: Quantum black holes:

energy spectrum, energy spectrum, depend on depend on parameters of space parameters of space times, stringstimes, strings

Cosmic rays and supernovae ;Cosmic rays and supernovae ;Cosmic rays : Nature’s free colliderCosmic rays : Nature’s free collider

SN cores emit large fluxes of KK gravitons producing a SN cores emit large fluxes of KK gravitons producing a cosmic background -> radiative decays : diffuse cosmic background -> radiative decays : diffuse γγ – ray – ray backgroundbackground

Cooling limit from SN 1987A neutrino burst -> bound on Cooling limit from SN 1987A neutrino burst -> bound on radius of extra dimensionsradius of extra dimensions

Cosmic neutrinos produce black holes, energy loss from Cosmic neutrinos produce black holes, energy loss from graviton mediated interactions cannot explain cosmic graviton mediated interactions cannot explain cosmic ray events above a limitray events above a limit

BH’s in observable collisions of elementary particles if BH’s in observable collisions of elementary particles if EDED

CR signals from mini BH’s in ED, evaporation of mini CR signals from mini BH’s in ED, evaporation of mini BHsBHs

Hierarchy problem & EDHierarchy problem & ED

Fundamental scales in nature :Fundamental scales in nature :

Planck mass : E19 GeVPlanck mass : E19 GeV

Electroweak scale : 240 GeVElectroweak scale : 240 GeV

Supersymmetry : fundamental theory at Supersymmetry : fundamental theory at M_Pl ,M_Pl ,

EW derived ( small #) from dynamicsEW derived ( small #) from dynamics

BrokenBroken ( particle mass ) : gravity mediated ( particle mass ) : gravity mediated

gravitino mass determines partner massesgravitino mass determines partner masses

EW breaking induced by radiative correctionsEW breaking induced by radiative corrections

Extra dimensionsExtra dimensions

EW scale fundamental, M_Pl derivedEW scale fundamental, M_Pl derived Compact ED ( radius R )Compact ED ( radius R ) Matter confined in 4DMatter confined in 4D Gravity : propagates in all D , Gravity : propagates in all D ,

weakweak : compact space dimensions : compact space dimensions large compared to electroweak large compared to electroweak scalescale

G = G_D / (2 G = G_D / (2 ππ R)^ (D-4) R)^ (D-4)

Black holes at LHCBlack holes at LHC

Event generator for ED BHs : BlackMax I-Event generator for ED BHs : BlackMax I-IIII

Rotation, fermion splitting, brane tensionRotation, fermion splitting, brane tension Experimental signatures, particle decayExperimental signatures, particle decay CMSSW analysisCMSSW analysis Comparison with Charybdis I-IIComparison with Charybdis I-II Further models of Dvali suggest Black Further models of Dvali suggest Black

Hole detection even more likelyHole detection even more likely

Distribution of black hole massDistribution of black hole mass

Rotating and non-rotating , 2 ED , 1-5 Rotating and non-rotating , 2 ED , 1-5 TeVTeV

Mass functionMass function

Log Log ΦΦ ~ M - M_min ~ M - M_min

for various models of for various models of

Planck mass, ED, Planck mass, ED, M_min,M_min,

rotation, brane tensionrotation, brane tension

Distribution of BH color (red – blue - Distribution of BH color (red – blue - green) green)

Rotating and non-rotating , 2 ED , 1-5 Rotating and non-rotating , 2 ED , 1-5 TeV TeV

Distribution of BH charge / 3q /Distribution of BH charge / 3q /

Rotating and non-rotating, 2 ED, 1-5 Rotating and non-rotating, 2 ED, 1-5 TeVTeV

< Energy > of emitted particles vs. BH < Energy > of emitted particles vs. BH massmass

Rotating and non-rotating, 2 ED, 5-14 Rotating and non-rotating, 2 ED, 5-14 TeVTeV

Number of emitted particles vs. BH Number of emitted particles vs. BH mass during Hawking phasemass during Hawking phase

Rotating and non-rotating, 2 ED, 5-14 Rotating and non-rotating, 2 ED, 5-14 TeVTeV

Number of emitted particles vs. # extra Number of emitted particles vs. # extra dimensions and # fermion splitting dimensions and # fermion splitting

dimensionsdimensions

rotating and non-rotatingrotating and non-rotating ED ED = 7= 7

Number of emitted particles / BH Number of emitted particles / BH vs. brane tension B vs. brane tension B

non-rotatingnon-rotating

ED = 2ED = 2

5-14 TeV5-14 TeV

Hawking phaseHawking phase

M_Pl = 1 TeVM_Pl = 1 TeV

Pseudorapidity with final burstPseudorapidity with final burst

Non-rotating and rotating , 2 ED , 1-5 Non-rotating and rotating , 2 ED , 1-5 TeV , quarks, anti-quarks, leptons, anti-TeV , quarks, anti-quarks, leptons, anti-leptonsleptons

Lepton transverse momentum : Lepton transverse momentum : models models

Planck massPlanck mass : 2 TeV : 2 TeV EDED = 3 = 3 5 – 14 TeV5 – 14 TeV Minimum black holeMinimum black hole mass (non-rot)mass (non-rot) Multiplicity decreases Multiplicity decreases

w Planck massw Planck mass Energy & momentum Energy & momentum

increaseincrease

Electrons/positrons, (anti)muons, Electrons/positrons, (anti)muons, photons : Transverse momentum & photons : Transverse momentum &

energy spectrumenergy spectrum

Pseudorapidity : e - Pseudorapidity : e - μμ - - γγ

Ratio of 0 < Ratio of 0 < ήή < 0.5 < 0.5 & 0.5 < & 0.5 < ήή < 1 < 1 distinguishes among distinguishes among

beyond standard beyond standard modelsmodels

All models and All models and

speciesspecies have values very have values very

different from QCDdifferent from QCD

Model comparisonsModel comparisons

Further models :Further models :

Planck mass : Planck mass :

2, 5 TeV2, 5 TeV

ED ED = 5, 3= 5, 3

Minimum mass :Minimum mass :

4, 7 TeV4, 7 TeV

Vs. Vs.

Standard ModelStandard Model

top quark top quark transv.transv.

momentum /GeVmomentum /GeV

Analysis at CMSAnalysis at CMS

Missing Transverse Energy : Missing Transverse Energy :

graviton + neutrino : model graviton + neutrino : model dependentdependent

Lepton transverse momentum :Lepton transverse momentum :

easy to identify, cuts off for Standard easy to identify, cuts off for Standard ModelModel

Combined cuts : Combined cuts : ήή , p_T distribution , p_T distribution

Model settings for detector which Model settings for detector which have different signaturehave different signature

Angular cut for detector acceptanceAngular cut for detector acceptance ήή_lepton < 2.5 Jets, q, W, Z < 5_lepton < 2.5 Jets, q, W, Z < 5 t, bt, b Implementation of generators in Implementation of generators in

CMSSWCMSSW Interface BlackMax IIInterface BlackMax II CMSSW : signal and SM backgroundCMSSW : signal and SM background

Comparison of BlackMax with Comparison of BlackMax with CharybdisCharybdis

BlackMax has higher multiplicity & BlackMax has higher multiplicity &

lower momentalower momenta Missing ET : Missing ET :

gravitons only in BlackMaxgravitons only in BlackMax

BlackMax-II : gravitons in final burst tooBlackMax-II : gravitons in final burst too

Higher METHigher MET

Apart from cross sections good agreementApart from cross sections good agreement

Yoshino – Rychkov suppression decreases Yoshino – Rychkov suppression decreases σσ

Multiplicity in BlackMax & CharybdisMultiplicity in BlackMax & Charybdis

Transverse momentum of emitted Transverse momentum of emitted electronselectrons

Transverse momentum of all particlesTransverse momentum of all particles

Spectrum of emitted electronsSpectrum of emitted electrons

Spectrum of emitted particlesSpectrum of emitted particles

Pseudorapidity of electronsPseudorapidity of electrons

Pseudorapidity of emitted particlesPseudorapidity of emitted particles

Missing Transverse Energy with Missing Transverse Energy with GravitonsGravitons

Further models to test at LHC :Further models to test at LHC :

BHs in Dvali model for SM copies :BHs in Dvali model for SM copies :

BH -> SM particle rates different,BH -> SM particle rates different,

difference in particle decaydifference in particle decay

non-integer extra dimensionnon-integer extra dimension

pT, MET pT, MET

Dark MatterDark Matter

Even more likely for BHs w ADD & finding Even more likely for BHs w ADD & finding themthem

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention !attention !