Vaccinations for Herd Health and Reproduction Management ( ) LTC Dana E. McDanieldana.mcdaniel@us.army.mil

Questions to Ask For which diseases should I vaccinate? Know which vaccines are available for the diseases in your area . Why, what, when, how, where, who , , , , *

Questions to Ask For each disease or agent, ask: : Are there current or previous problems at this location for this disease? What is the potential for problems? How good are the vaccines that are available? How much protection do they give? How expensive is the vaccine? Is the benefit likely worth the cost? *

Questions to Ask When should I vaccinate? When are the cattle already being handled? When do I want the highest immunity? How long will the immunity last? How many doses are required initially? Is an annual booster needed? What kind of vaccine should I use (killed, MLV, etc)? ( ) *

Questions to Ask Where will I confine the cattle for vaccination? Who will do the vaccination? *

Cow-Calf Production Cycle Calving Weaning Breeding 30 day prior to calving30-60 days priorto breeding 1st calf care2nd calf care

*Agenda Cows - pre-calving preparation- Cows - pre-breeding preparation . Bulls - pre-breeding preparation Heifers - pre-breeding preparation Calves - 2-4 months old 2-4 Calves - 6-8 months old (pre-weaning preparation) 6-8 (

*CowsPre-calving preparation (30 days prior to calving) 30( )Vaccinate all cows against: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV 5-way Leptospirosis 5 ( . Trichomonas fetus . Vibriosis . 7- or 8-way Clostridium (Blackleg) 7-8 . Hemophilus somnus Anaplasmosis In Afghanistan Add 5-way Clostridium, FMD, Anthrax(?) , Drop 7- or 8-way Clostridium, IBR, PI3, BRSV 7 8 , 13 ,

*CowsPre-breeding preparation (30-60 days prior to breeding season) 30 60 Vaccinate all cows against: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV 5-way Leptospirosis 5 Trichomonas Vibriosis 7- or 8-way Clostridium (Blackleg)7 8 ( ) In Afghanistan Add 5-way Clostridium, FMD 5 , Drop 7- or 8-way Clostridium, IBR, PI3, BRSV 7 8 , , 13 ,

*BullsPre-breeding preparation (30-60 days prior to breeding season) 30 60 Vaccinate all bulls against: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV 5-way Leptospirosis 5 Vibriosis 7- or 8-way Clostridium (Blackleg) 7 8 Anaplasmosis In Afghanistan Add 5-way Clostridium 5 , Drop 7- or 8-way Clostridium, IBR, PI3, BRSV 7 8 , , 13 ,

*HeifersPre-breeding Preparation 8 weeks prior to breeding8 Vaccinate against: 5-way Leptospirosis 5 Trichomonas Vibriosis 4 weeks prior to breeding4 Vaccinate against: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV 5-way Leptospirosis 5 Trichomonas Vibriosis 7- or 8-way Clostridium (Blackleg) 7 8 Hemophilus somnus In Afghanistan Add 5-way Clostridium 5 , Drop 7- or 8-way Clostridium, IBR, PI3, BRSV 7 8 , , 13 ,

*Calves2 - 4 months of age 2 4 Vaccinate calves against: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV 5-way Leptospirosis 5 Pasturella hemolytica Vibriosis 7- or 8-way Clostridium (Blackleg) 7 8 Hemophilus somnus

In AfghanistanAdd 5-way Clostridium 5 , Drop 7- or 8-way Clostridium, IBR, PI3, BRSV 7 8 , , 13 ,

*Calves Pre-weaning, 6 8 months of age 6 8 Vaccinate calves against: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV 5-way Leptospirosis 5 Pasturella hemolytica Vibriosis 7- or 8-way Clostridium (Blackleg) 7 8 Hemophilus somnus Brucellosis In AfghanistanAdd 5-way Clostridium 5 , Drop 7- or 8-way Clostridium, IBR, PI3, BRSV 7 8 , , 13 ,

*Vaccine Tips IM, SubQ vaccines usually given in neck below the nuchal ligament and above the carotid groove in front of the point of the shoulder .

*Vaccine Tips Keep live vaccines refrigerated and out of direct sunlight () Mix vaccine with diluent immediately before use and not sooner . When giving killed vaccine, a booster dose is often needed 3-4 weeks later and the vaccine is not protective until 7-14 days following the booster dose ( ) 3 4 7 14 .

*Vaccine Tips Cattle: 16 or 18 gauge needle, 1 inch for SubQ or 1.5 inch for IM : 16 18 , 1.5 Vaccinate strategically Prior to calving to provide protection for the offspring in the colostrum . Prior to breeding . Prior to weaning . Other times of year when disease challenge is high and animals resistance is decreased .

*Vaccine Tips Follow manufacturers directions on package for use, cautions (age limit, pregnancy), method to give the vaccine, and observed withdrawal time for milk and meat used for human consumption ( ) . Do not use expired vaccine or vaccine that has not stamped expiration date on the packaging .

*Vaccine Tips Ensure vaccine injectors are not contaminated with any disinfectants or chemical residues to prevent inactivating the viral agent; flush with clean water and dry .

*30 days prior to calving: Brucellosis test, Vitamins ADE, IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV, Lepto, Trichomonas fetus, Vibrio, Clostridials, Hemophilus somnus, Anaplasmosis, deworm, external parasite treatment, hemorrhagic septicemiaCows Pre-breeding: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV, Lepto, Trichomonas, Vibrio, ClostridialBulls Pre-breeding: Breeding Soundness exam (semen quality, structural soundness, eyes, internal and external exam of repro tract), vax for IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV, Lepto, Vibrio, Clostridial, Anaplasmosis, Vitamins ADE (or mineral mix with these), deworm, external parasite controlHeifers Pre-breeding: 8 weeks prior: Lepto, Trichomonas, Vibrio 4 weeks prior: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV, Lepto, Trichomonas, Vibrio, Clostridial, Hemophilus somnus, deworm, external parasite control, Vits ADE1st calf care: 2-4 months old: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV, Lepto, Vibrio, Clostridial, Hemophilus, Pasteurella hemolytica2nd calf care: pre-weaning: 6-8 months old: IBR, PI3, BVD, BRSV, Lepto, Vibrio, Clostridial, Hemophilus, Pasteurella, Brucellosis, Deworm, external parasite control, Vits ADE