lte capacity monitoring

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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LTE Capacity Monitoring


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右上角. Monitoring

Principle Measurement Formula

Monitoring

Threshold Impact Proposed solution

Resource block

utilization DL RB Utilization L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg/L.ChM

eas.PRB.DL.Availx100%

DL RB Utilization

>70% &

DL User Throughput

< 2Mbps

User may failed in

admission or poor user

experience

1. Add eNodeB

2. Bandwidth expansion

DL User throughput L.Thrp.bits.DL/L.Thrp.Time.DL/1000

UL RB Utilization L.ChMeas.PRB.UL.Used.Avg/L.ChM

eas.PRB.UL.Availx100%

UL RB Utilization

>70% &

UL User Throughput

< 512kbps

User may failed in


experience

1. Add eNodeB

2. Bandwidth expansion

UL User throughput L.Thrp.bits.UL/L.Thrp.Time.UL/1000

RRC connected

users per cell (BBU

board specification) Synchronized User

Utilization

L.Traffic.User.Avg/1200*100%

(Max num user handled in a cell for

LBBPd is 1200)

60% Poor user experience

1. Reduce UE inactivity timer in eNodeB (MOD

RRCCONNSTATETIMER). Please note that load in CPU will

increase if timer value reduce.

2. Physical tuning by balancing the target serving area for all

cells

3. Add cell

Preamble usage

for random access

Random Preamble

Utilization

(L.RA.GrpA.Att+L.RA.GrpB.Att)

/3600/N* 100%

(N is a value from product design in

considering probability of preamble

conflict, N is 50.)

75% Access delayed or failure

1. Enable resource adjustment algo

(MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=xx,

RachAlgoSwitch=RachAdjSwitch-1;)

2. Enable adaptive backoff function to allow UE retransmit

preamble after failure

(MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellID=xx,

RachAlgoSwitch=BackOffSwitch-1;)

Dedicated Preamble

Utilization L.RA.Dedicate.Att/3600/100*100% 75% Access delayed or failure

1. Enable resource adjustment algo & reuse dedicated

preamble

(MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=xx,

RachAlgoSwitch=RachAdjSwitch-1,

RachAlgoSwitch=MakeIdxSwitch;)

Control channel

element for

PDCCH CCE Utilization

(L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed +

L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed +

L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed)/L.ChMeas.

CCE.Avail

70% Scheduling delayed or

poor user experience

1. Add cell

LTE Capacity Monitoring Summary



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右上角.

LTE Capacity Monitoring Summary Monitoring

Principle Measurement Formula

Monitoring

Threshold Impact Proposed solution

Maximum allowed

connected users

per eNodeB RRC Connected User

Utilization

Sum (L.Traffic.User.Avg of all

cells)/Licensed RRC connected

users*100%

60%

User may failed in


experience

1. Increase license RRC (if CPU board usage <60%)

2. Add eNB (if CPU board usage >60%)

Traffic volume

utilization per

eNodeB Traffic Volume Utilization

Sum of (L.Thrp.bits.UL +

L.Thrp.bits.DL) all cells / (Traffic

License*3600)

/(1000*1000)*100%

80% Poor user experience

1. Increase Traffic volume license

Paging message

processing

capability (eNodeB

specification) Paging Utilization

Sum of (L.Paging.S1.Rx) all cells

/3600/750 *100% 60% Poor user experience

1. Reduce num cells in tracking area list

2. Paging policy (core network) optimization

Main control board

processing

capability

Main Control Board Usage VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean 60%

Poor user experience

1. Physical tuning to achieve load balancing between

neighbour (if neighbour is lightly loaded)

2. Change UMPT board (if LMPT is used)

3. Add eNB % of Main Control Board

Usage exceeed threshold

VS.Board.CPULoad.Cumulative

HighloadCount/(3600/5)*100% 5%

Baseband board

processing

capability

Main Control Board Usage VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean 60%


1. Add LBBP to share load

2. Move cells or add cells based on num of UEs

3. If already reached 6 LBBPs, add eNB % of Main Control Board

Usage exceeed threshold

VS.Board.CPULoad.Cumulative

HighloadCount/(3600/5)*100% 5%

Transmission rate

at Ethernet port DL Transmission

Utilization VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed/Allocat

ed bandwidth x 100% 70%


1. Transmission capacity expansion

UL Transmission

Utilization VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed/Allocat

ed bandwidth x 100% 70%



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的标志放在

右上角. ERAN Resource

eNodeB

Ethernet port Transport resource

group LBBP CPU

Main-control-board CPU

Paging Resource

Traffic Volume License

Connected user license

cell

PDCCH resource

PRACH resource

Synchronized user capacity

Physical resource

block



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右上角. eNode B Resource

Resource Connected user license

Meaning The connected user license specifies the maximum permissible number of users in RRC_CONNECTED mode. Each connected user consumes radio, device, and transport resources. If there are too many connected users, they cannot be well served by the eNodeB and new services cannot be admitted.

Counter L.Traffic.User.Avg : indicates the average number of connected users in a cell. SUM (L.Traffic.User.Avg) indicates the sum of the average number of connected users in all cells in an eNodeB The licensed number of connected users under an eNodeB can be queried by running the following command: DSP LICENSE: FUNCTIONTYPE=eNodeB; In the command output, the value of LLT1ACTU01 in the Allocated column is the licensed number of connected users

Monitoring Method Connected user license usage = SUM (L.Traffic.User.Avg)/Licensed number of connected users x 100%

Threshold 60%

Impact New services cannot be admitted, and experience of admitted users is affected.

SW/HW SW

Solution If the main-control-board CPU usage is less than 60%, increase the licensed limit.

If the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds 60%, add an eNodeB.



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Resource Traffic volume license

Meaning When the traffic volume of an eNodeB reaches or exceeds the licensed volume, the eNodeB performs flow control, which affects user experience and customer income.

Counter L.Thrp.bits.UL & L.Thrp.bits.DL: indicate the uplink traffic volume and downlink traffic volume of a cell, respectively. Σ(L.Thrp.bits.UL+L.Thrp.bits.DL) indicates the sum of uplink and downlink traffic volume of all cells under an eNodeB The licensed eNodeB traffic volume can be queried by running the following command: DSP LICENSE: FUNCTIONTYPE=eNodeB; The licensed eNodeB traffic volume is equal to the Allocated parameter value in the record whose License Identifier is LLT1THRUL01.

Monitoring Method Traffic volume license usage of an eNodeB = Σ(L.Thrp.bits.UL+L.Thrp.bits.DL)/(Licensed eNodeB traffic volume x 3600) x 100%

Threshold 80%

Impact User experience and customer income are affected.

SW/HW SW

Solution Increase the licensed traffic volume.



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Resource Paging Resource

Meaning The eNodeB and BTS3202E or BTS3203E LTE can process a maximum of 750 and 500 paging messages per second, respectively. If the number of paging messages exceeds that capacity, paging messages sent from the eNodeB to UEs may be discarded, which leads to a decrease in the call completion rate.

Counter L.Paging.S1.Rx :indicates the number of paging messages received over the S1 interface L.Paging.Dis.Num : indicates the number of paging messages discarded over the Uu interface

Monitoring Method Percentage of paging messages received over the S1 interface = L.Paging.S1.Rx/3600/Maximum number of paging messages that can be processed per second x 100%

Threshold Percentage of paging messages received over the S1>60% (or) L.Pagind.Dis.Num >1500

Impact Paging messages may be lost, affecting user experience.

SW/HW SW

Solution Decrease the number of cells in the tracking area list (TAL) that the congested cell belongs to.

Adjust the paging policy of the core network to reduce signaling overhead.

If the core network is provided by Huawei, enable the precise paging function.



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Resource Main-control-board CPU

Meaning The CPU usage reflects the busy level of the eNodeB. If the main-control-board CPUs are busy processing control plane or user plane data, signaling-related KPIs may deteriorate, and users may experience a low access success rate, low E-RAB setup success rate, or high service drop rate.

Counter VS.Board.CPUload.Mean : indicates the average main-control-board CPU usage VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount : indicates the number of times that the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold.

Monitoring Method Percentage of times that the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) = VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount/(3600/5) x 100%

Threshold Percentage of times that the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) >5% (or) VS.Board.CPUload.Mean >60%

Impact KPIs deteriorate.

SW/HW HW

Solution If a neighboring eNodeB is lightly loaded, adjust the antenna downtilt angles or decrease the transmit power of the local eNodeB to shrink the coverage area and reduce the CPU load of the local eNodeB. In addition, expand the coverage area of the neighboring eNodeB for load balancing.

If the main control board is an LMPT, replace it with a UMPT.

Add eNodeBs.



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Resource LBBP CPU

Meaning If the eNodeB receives too much traffic volume, which is expressed either in bit/s or packet/s, the LBBP CPU responsible for user plane processing is heavily loaded. As a result, the eNodeB has a low RRC connection setup success rate, low E-RAB setup success rate, low handover success rate, and high service drop rate.

Counter VS.Board.CPUload.Mean : indicates the average LBBP CPU usage VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount : indicates the number of times that the LBBP CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold.

Monitoring Method Percentage of times that the LBBP CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) = VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount/(3600/5) x 100%

Threshold Percentage of times that theLBBP CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) >5% (or) VS.Board.CPUload.Mean >60%

Impact KPIs deteriorate.

SW/HW HW



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Solution If the LBBP is an LBBPc, replace the LBBPc with an LBBPd

Add an LBBP to share the network load, and then determine whether to move existing cells or add new cells based on the number of UEs. The capacity expansion methods are as follows: − If the radio resources are sufficient (that is, the usage of each type of radio resources is lower than the threshold), move cells from the existing LBBP to the new LBBP. - If the radio resources are insufficient, set up new cells on the new LBBP

If the eNodeB has multiple LBBPs and one of them is overloaded, move cells from the overloaded LBBP to an LBBP with a lighter load. LBBP load can be indicated by the following: − Average CPU usage − Percentage of times that the CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold − Number of cells established on an LBBP

If the eNodeB already has a maximum of six LBBPs and more LBBPs are required, add an eNodeB.



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Resource Transport Resource Group

Meaning A transport resource group carries a set of data streams, which can be local data or forwarded data. Local data is classified into control plane, user plane, operation and maintenance (OM), and IP clock data. Forwarded data is not divided into different types. If a transport resource group is congested, it cannot transmit or forward data, which affects service provision. A transport resource group for user plane data is a monitored object.

Counter VS.RscGroup.TxMeanSpeed : indicates the average transmission rate of a transport resource group VS.RscGroup.TxMaxSpeed indicates the maximum transmission rate of a transport resource group The bandwidth configured for a transport resource group can be queried by running the following command: DSP RSCGRP: CN=x, SRN=x, SN=x, BEAR=xx, SBT=xxxx, PT=xxx; In the command output, the value of Tx Bandwidth is the bandwidth configured for the transport resource group.

Monitoring Method

Proportion of the average transmission rate to the configured bandwidth = VS.RscGroup.TxMeanSpeed/Bandwidth configured for the transport resource group x 100% Proportion of the maximum transmission rate to the configured bandwidth = VS.RscGroup.TxMaxSpeed/Bandwidth configured for the transport resource group x 100%

Threshold Mean > 80 in 5days a week, Max >90 in 2 days a week

Impact Packets may be lost, affecting user experience.

SW/HW SW

Solution When a transport resource group is congested, you are advised to expand the bandwidth of the transport resource group



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Resource Ethernet port

Meaning The Ethernet port traffic is the channel traffic at the physical layer, including uplink and downlink traffic. The eNodeB Ethernet port traffic reflects the throughput and communication quality of the Ethernet ports on the main control board of the eNodeB. Based on the monitoring results, you can determine whether the transmission capacity allocated by an operator for the S1 and X2 interfaces on the eNodeB meet the requirements for uplink and downlink transmissions.

Counter VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed : indicates the average transmission rate of an Ethernet port VS.FEGE.TxMaxSpeed indicates the maximum transmission rate of an Ethernet port VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed indicates the average reception rate of an Ethernet port VS.FEGE.RxMaxSpeed indicates the maximum reception rate of an Ethernet port.

Monitoring Method

Proportion of the average uplink transmission rate to the allocated bandwidth = VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100% Proportion of the maximum uplink transmission rate to the allocated bandwidth = VS.FEGE.TxMaxSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100% Proportion of the average downlink reception rate to the allocated bandwidth = VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100% Proportion of the maximum downlink reception rate to the allocated bandwidth = VS.FEGE.RxMaxSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100%

Threshold Proportion of average transmission rate to allocated bandwidth ≥ 70% or Proportion of max transmission rate to allocated bandwidth ≥ 85%

Impact Packets may be lost, affecting user experience.

SW/HW SW

Solution Expand the eNodeB transmission capacity.



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右上角. ERAN Resource

eNodeB

Ethernet port Transport resource

group LBBP CPU

Main-control-board CPU

Paging Resource

Traffic Volume License

Connected user license

cell

PDCCH resource

PRACH resource

Synchronized user capacity

Physical resource

block



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右上角. Cell Resource

Resource Physical Resource Block (PRB)

Meaning Growing traffic leads to a continuous increase in PRB usage. When the PRB usage approaches to 100%, user-perceived rates will decrease. As downlink is a major concern in an LTE network, this document describes only how to monitor downlink user perception.

Counter L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg : indicates the average number of used downlink PRBs L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail : indicates the number of available downlink PRBs L.Thrp.bits.DL : indicates the total throughput of downlink data transmitted at the PDCP layer in a cell. L.Thrp.Time.DL indicates the duration for transmitting downlink data at the PDCP layer in a cell

Monitoring Method Downlink PRB usage = L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg/L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail x 100% Downlink user-perceived rate (Mbit/s) = L.Thrp.bits.DL/L.Thrp.Time.DL/1000

Threshold Downlink PRB usage ≥ 70% Downlink user-perceived rate < a user-defined threshold (default value: 2 Mbit/s)

Impact Users may fail to be admitted, and experience of admitted users is affected.

SW/HW SW

Solution If the cell spectral efficiency is low, you are advised to increase the cell throughput by optimizing RF performance

If the cell spectral efficiency is high, you are advised to: − Add carriers or expand the bandwidth of the existing carrier. − Add eNodeBs.



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右上角. Cell Resource

Resource Synchronized user capacity

Meaning When the number of synchronized users in a cell reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold, cell KPIs deteriorate. Connected users include synchronized users and users in the out-of-synchronization state. Synchronized users consume air interface resources and the number of synchronized users is approximately equal to the number of connected users by default. Therefore, the number of connected users (instead of synchronized users) is monitored.

Counter L.Traffic.User.Avg indicates the average number of connected users in a cell.

Monitoring Method Synchronized user capacity usage of a cell = L.Traffic.User.Avg/Maximum number of synchronized users in a cell x 100%

Threshold 60%

Impact User experience is affected.

SW/HW HW

Solution Reduce the UE inactivity timer length by running the MOD RRCCONNSTATETIMER command with the UeInactiveTimer parameter specified. This measure lifts signaling overhead and increases CPU usage.

If a neighboring cell is lightly loaded, adjust the antenna downtilt angle or decrease the transmit power of the local cell to shrink the coverage area and reduce the number of users in the local cell. In addition, expand the coverage area of the neighboring cell for load balancing.

Add cells or expand the cell bandwidth.

Split the local cell into multiple cells.



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右上角.

Resource Physical random access channel (PRACH) resource

Meaning The PRACH transmits preambles during random access procedures. If the number of contention-based random access attempts in a second reaches or exceeds N, the preamble conflict probability and access delay increase. The values of N are determined during preamble design, considering factors such as that the preamble conflict probability should be less than 1%. If more than 100 non-contention-based random access attempts are initiated per second, dedicated preambles will become insufficient and the eNodeB will instruct the UE to initiate contention-based random access instead, increasing the access delay for the UE. In handover scenarios, the handover procedure is prolonged.

Counter L.RA.GrpA.Att indicates the number of times that random preambles in group A are received. L.RA.GrpB.Att indicates the number of times that random preambles in group B are received. L.RA.Dedicate.Att indicates the number of times that dedicated preambles are received

Monitoring Method Random preamble usage = (L.RA.GrpA.Att + L.RA.GrpB.Att)/3600/N x 100% Dedicated preamble usage = L.RA.Dedicate.Att/3600/100 x 100%

Threshold Usage of preambles for contention-based access ≥ 75%

Impact Access delays are prolonged, or even access attempts fail.

SW/HW SW

Solution - If the random preamble usage reaches or exceeds 75% for X days (three days by default) in a week, enable the adaptive backoff function. If the system bandwidth is 5 MHz or 10 MHz, it is good practice to enable the PRACH resource adjustment algorithm

- If the dedicated preamble usage reaches or exceeds 75% for X days (three days by default) in a week, enable the PRACH resource adjustment algorithm and reuse of dedicated preambles

Cell Resource



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右上角.

Resource PDCCH Resource Usage

Meaning This capacity indicator measures the number of control channel elements (CCEs) that can be used by the PDCCH. In each radio frame, CCEs must be allocated to uplink and downlink UEs to be scheduled and common control signaling. PDCCH CCEs must be properly configured and allocated to minimize downlink control overheads as well as to ensure satisfactory user-plane throughput.

Counter L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed indicates the number of PDCCH CCEs used for common signaling. L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed indicates the number of PDCCH CCEs used for uplink scheduling. L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed indicates the number of PDCCH CCEs used for downlink scheduling. L.ChMeas.CCE.Avail indicates the number of available PDCCH CCEs.

Monitoring Method CCE usage = (L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed + L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed + L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed)/3600/1000/Max number of PDCCH CCEs x 100%

Threshold 80%

Impact - If PDCCH symbols are insufficient, CCEs may fail to be allocated to UEs to be scheduled, which will result in a long service delay and unsatisfactory user experience. - If PDCCH symbols are excessive, which indicates that the usage of PDCCH CCEs is low, the resources that can be used by the PDSCH decreases. This will also result in low spectral efficiency.

SW/HW SW

Solution If the PDCCH Symbol Number Adjust Switch parameter value is Off, you are advised to set this parameter to On

If the PDCCH Symbol Number Adjust Switch parameter value is set to On and the uplink or downlink PRB usage reaches or exceeds 70%, you are advised to take one of the following measures: - Add cells or split existing cells. − Optimize RF performance to reduce the interference to PDCCH from neighboring cells.

Cell Resource



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右上角. References - LBBP

Board Number of Cells

Cell Bandwidth Antenna

Configuration

LBBPc

3

1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or

20 MHz

3x20 MHz 1T1R

3x20 MHz 1T2R

3x10 MHz 4T4R

3x20 MHz 2T2R

1x20 MHz 4T4R

LBBPd1

3


20 MHz

3x20 MHz 1T1R

3x20 MHz 1T2R

3x20 MHz 2T2R

LBBPd2

3


20 MHz

3x20 MHz 1T1R

3x20 MHz 1T2R

3x20 MHz 2T2R

3x20 MHz 4T4R

LBBPd3

6


20 MHz

6x20 MHz 1T1R

6x20 MHz 1T2R

6x20 MHz 2T2Ra

a: When a CPRI fiber optic cable is longer than 40 km (24.85 mi), the LBBPd3 board cannot support the 6x20 MHz 2T2R

channel.

Board Signaling Specification (CAPS)

LBBPc 30

LBBPd1, LBBPd2,

LBBPd3, and

LBBPd4

60

Board Cell Bandwidth Maximum Number of UEs

in RRC Connected Mode

LBBPc 1.4 MHz 1008

3 MHz 1800

5 MHz 1800

10 MHz 1800

15 MHz 1800 (in 2R mode) or 1200

(in 4R mode)

20 MHz 1800 (in 2R mode) or 1200

(in 4R mode)

LBBPd1/LBBPd2 1.4 MHz 504

3 MHz 1080

5 MHz 1800

10 MHz 3600

15 MHz 3600

20 MHz 3600

LBBPd3 1.4 MHz 1008

3 MHz 2160

5 MHz 3600

10 MHz 3600

15 MHz 3600

20 MHz 3600

Board Maximum Throughput

LBBPc Downlink: 300 Mbit/s

Uplink: 100 Mbit/s

LBBPd1 Downlink: 450 Mbit/s

Uplink: 225 Mbit/s


Uplink: 225 Mbit/s


Uplink: 300 Mbit/s


Uplink: 225 Mbit/s

Antenna Config

Throughput

Signalling

RRC Connected Mode



颜色: R153 G0 B0





颜色: R153 G0 B0

字体:黑体


子目录 (2-5级) :18pt

颜色:黑色






颜色:黑色

字体:细黑体



超过四种颜

色，以下是

９组配色方

案，同一页

面内只选择

一组使用。

（仅供参考）


的标志放在

右上角. References - LBBP

RACH algorithm

switch

Bandwidth N

- 15,20 100

Enable 5,10 100

Disable 5,10 50

PRACH PDCCH

Thank you www.huawei.com


颜色: R153 G0 B0





颜色: R153 G0 B0

字体:黑体


子目录 (2-5级) :18pt

颜色:黑色






颜色:黑色

字体:细黑体



超过四种颜

色，以下是９

组配色方案，

同一页面内

只选择一组

使用。

（仅供参考）


的标志放在

右上角.

Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

lte capacity monitoring

Engineering