lte world summit 2012 tony wakefield informa-t&m-masterclass-1_thurs

All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media

What is LTE and how does it work?

LTE Demystified


The Informa Telecoms Academy

Who we are and what we do

3

What we do

Innovative and relevant

Training Solutions

Extensive portfolio of

Telecoms-specific courses

Variety of interactive

delivery methods

Based in UK - provide

training globally

30+ fully accredited,

industry-experienced

Trainers

4

Some of our customers…

http://www.bt.com/index.jsp?BV_SessionID=@@@@1027305711.1064971308@@@@&BV_EngineID=cccfadcjhlmlgjkcflgcefkdffndfni.0&obsOID=30777&obsPage=/index.jsp&vStore=1128&obsType=LINK&obsNoSee=true

http://telstra.com/?tR=1

http://www.its.ws/

http://www.du.ae/

http://www.btcbahamas.com/main_flash.html

http://www.zain.com/muse/obj/lang.default/portal

5

Three faculty Areas:

– Technology and

Engineering

– Telecoms Business

– Distance Learning

School of LTE & Advanced

Communications

WiMAX Forum Certified

Training Provider

Telecoms Mini MBA Series

The Informa Telecoms Academy

6

Tony Wakefield

Training Director for Informa Telecoms Academy

Experience

– Started career 1981 British Telecom

– Royal Navy

– BSc Electronics & Physics

– Member of the Inst of Leadership & Management

Telecoms Training Since 1996

– Working with many large operators and vendor companies

Programme Director for

– Business Programmes

– Technology Programmes (2G through to LTE & WiMAX)


What is LTE, how does it work, how is it deployed?

LTE Demystified

8

Agenda

Intro to Broadband Concepts

– Broadband Services

LTE Technology

– LTE Features and Performance

– LTE Architecture

– LTE Radio Interface

– MIMO

– LTE Services and Voice

– Evolution Option to LTE

– Spectrum for LTE

– Deployment Benefits of LTE


Introduction to Broadband

Why is Wireless Broadband so important?

10

Wireless Broadband Requirements

Increasing Smartphone and “dongle” usage

Increasing range of data applications available

Video driving data traffic

11

The Smartphone market is booming

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

50% of handsets sold worldwide will be smartphones by 2016

Wide variation in % of smartphone handsets being sold in 2011

– India 10%

– Africa 14.3%

– Western Europe 64%

– US 66%

12

Data is booming, but…

100%

300%

500%

700%

900%

1100%

1300%

1500%

1700%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Re

bas

ed

gro

wth

(2

00

8 =

10

0%

) Global data revenue and traffic growth, 2008-2013

Revenue

Traffic

More efficient technologies required to reduce the cost per bit

Candidate technologies are HSPA+ and LTE (or WiMAX?)

13

Typical Broadband Services

Internet Connection

Voice (VoIP) Application Stores

TV, VoD, Radio

Messaging and Social Networking

Cloud Computing

telemetry and remote control


LTE Technology

So what is Long Term Evolution?

15

Long Term Evolution LTE

All new All IP, Mobile Wireless Broadband Network

LTE is part of 3GPP evolution

Will be deployed alongside 2G/3G in most cases

Can we call LTE 4G? Do people care?

LTE: - a new cellular radio standard

allowing faster, more efficient transfer

of data, enabling the next generation

of mobile data services

16

Mobile Technology Evolution

GSM Phase 1 Basic Voice

1991

GSM Phase 2+ New Voice Codec

Further Optimizations

1995

GSM Phase 2+ R97/98

More GPRS

EDGE

1997

R4 Core Network

Soft switch

2000

R6 HSUPA

ALL IP

2004

R8

LTE 2008

R10 LTE Advanced?

2012

1993

GSM Phase 2 Txt Messages

Basic Data

1996

GSM Phase 2+ Release 96

GPRS

1999

R99 UMTS Radio Network

2002

R5 HSDPA

IMS

2006

R7 HSPA+

2010

R9 LTE Enhancements

• LTE is part of Release 8 of the 3GPP Specifications

17

Wireless Technology Evolution

TACS, NMT, AMPS

Voice only GSM, CDMA,

TDMA

Voice, Data,

Text

GPRS, EDGE

Packet data

UMTS, cdma2000

Packet data,

Multimedia

HSDPA, HSUPA

Faster Data

LTE

Super Fast Data

4G?

LTE Advanced ?

Ultra Fast Data

18

LTE Performance

Data Rates & Bandwidth

3 – 4 times more capacity than HSPA (Release 6)

100 – 300Mbps Less time spent downloading content, LTE is a lot faster

Greater number of mobiles connected to the network, Higher Capacity

Delay (Latency)

Lower delay times (3 – 4 times less than HSPA Release 6)

100mS Connection Setup

5 – 20mS roundtrip delay Much more responsive web browsing

Better voice over IP performance

Other LTE Benefits

Advanced Antenna technologies increase capacity

Advanced Antenna technologies increase cell size

All IP (packet data) network for faster, more efficient services

LTE can Interwork with existing GSM/UMTS networks

LTE supports multimedia broadcasting

19

LTE Data Performance, Downloading

GPRS @ 40Kbps 125s

EDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50s

UMTS @ 384Kbps 13s

HSPA @1Mbps 5s average user data rate

LTE @ 5Mbps 1s average user data rate

Typical 3 – 5 minute YouTube clip

5 Megabytes of information

20

LTE Architecture (high level)

eNB X2

eUTRAN

eNB – Evolved Node B; MME – Mobility Management Entity;

SGW – Serving Gateway P-GW – Packet Data Gateway;

UE – User Equipment

New Access Network Base Station - Evolved Node B

X2 interface for improved Handover and Interference Management

Backhaul Connections are Critical, Capacity

Downlink Radio Interface Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

Improved Performance in Urban Areas

Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO)

Uplink Radio Interface Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)

Good Urban Area Performance

Designed for Good Battery Life

UE eNB

21

New Core Network • Evolved Packet Core

• All IP for efficiency

• New Network Elements

• Designed to be Flexible and

Scalable

• Self Organising Network (SON)

MME and SGW Mobility Management Entity

• Overall control of the UE

and Data Sessions

• Handle Handovers and

Location Management

Serving Gateway

• Handles User Data

• Controlled by the MME

PGW Packet Gateway

• Provides connection to

external networks

• Internet, IMS, WAP, MMS

• Manages the IP session for

the User Equipment


SGW PGW

S11

S5

EPC All IP

All New

MME S1-MME

S1-U

eNB eNB X2

eUTRAN

eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving Gateway

P-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment

UE

22


SGW PGW

S11

S5

EPC

All IP

All New

MME S1-MME

S1-U

eNB eNB X2

eUTRAN

eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving Gateway

P-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment

UMTS WLAN

S3,S4,S12 S2

Interworking

Defined interfaces for interworking

UMTS/GPRS interworking

WiFi/WiMAX Interworking

Interworking with Trusted/non-Trusted

UE

23


SGW PGW

S11

S5

EPC

All IP

All New

MME S1-MME

S1-U

eNB eNB X2

eUTRAN

IMS

SGi

eNB – Evolved Node B; MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving Gateway

P-GW – Packet Data Gateway; UE – User Equipment

UMTS WiFi

S3,S4,S12 S2

Connection to External Networks IMS, MMS, WAP, Media Centers

UE

24

LTE Radio Interface Overview Key Features

Flexible Bandwidth Options 1.4 – 20 MHz

High Order Modulation and Coding QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM

Adaptive modulation and coding

Robust OFDMA in the Downlink Multi-Carrier Transmission

Good Multipath Performance

Suited to Advanced Antenna Techniques

Efficient SC-FDMA in the Uplink Still good Multipath Performance

Decoding complexity in the eNB

More power efficient than OFDMA

Advanced Antenna Support MIMO, 2x2, 4x4

Beamforming

eNB

UE

25

LTE Radio Interface Overview OFDMA and SC-FDMA

eNB UE

Fre

qu

en

cy

Time

Fre

quency OFDMA

• Very Efficient

• Good Multipath Performance

• Simplified UE Receiver

• Scalable OFDMA

• Supports MIMO

Fre

qu

en

cy

Time

Fre

quency

SC-FDMA

• Single Carrier /RB

• Simplified UE Design

• Lower power Consumption

• No MIMO

26

LTE Radio Interface Overview

MIMO

eNB UE

• Downlink only

• 2 or 4 Transmit antennas at the

base station

• 2 or 4 Receive antennas at

the UE

• Spatial Multiplexing increases

data rate

• Up to 4x increase in Capacity*

• Requires an Urban Environment

27

Services for LTE

LTE Services • 3rd Party Content

• Operator Managed Content

• Video, Social Networking, WWW

Content Management • IMS

• Service Delivery Platform

• LTE compatible with existing solutions

LTE Network • Is a transport/delivery network

• Can manage content QoS

• High capacity means many customers

28

Voice and LTE

EPC

IMS

IMS Network • Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

• Register VoIP Users

• Processes VoIP Call

• Manages VoIP Services

IMS VoIP

App

LTE Network • Establishes Initial Bearer

• Must maintain an “always on” connection

• Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS

• Routes the VoIP Media

Signalling (SIP)

Media (RTP)


Implementation Issues

LTE Deployment

30

Deployment Benefits of LTE

“Cost reduction more important than performance increases, initially” (Adrian Scrase, 3GPP)

Cost Saving and Capacity Improvements

– Cost per Megabit

– 3% of the cost of EDGE, 20% of the cost of 3G (STC)

– Cost savings from lower OPEX, Self Configuring Network, Reuse of Assets

– Urban Area payback 4-5 years for existing cellular operators

– Urban Area payback 6-7 years for green-field operators

LTE Self Organising Network

– 50% less CAPEX, 30% less OPEX (Huawei ME)

HSPA/HSPA+ may have some short term benefits

– HSPA+ with MIMO will require considerable CAPEX (Du)

Race for LTE less urgent

– WiMAX market position is clearer

31

Evolution Paths to LTE

Source; Informa Telecoms and Media

32

Spectrum for LTE

LTE uses Wideband Channels – typically 5 MHz, 10 MHz Large spectral allocations are required

Options are 1.4 MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz

Can use any IMT designated Spectrum

Spectrum re-farming?

Replace your existing 2G/3G with LTE?

Not an option for many operators

No harmonised spectrum

UE hardware Issues - Mobile equipment becomes difficult (expensive!) to

build when so many bands are used

Roaming issues

Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum

This may delay the launch of LTE in some markets

33

Possible LTE Frequency Bands

TV

TV

GSM

300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000 MHz MHz

GSM

UMTS

WiFi

WiMAX

DECT

450 – 470

MHz

Limited

Availability

790 - 862

MHz

Available

2 -3 Years

2300 – 2400

MHz

Limited

Availability

3400 – 3600

MHz Not Suitable for

LTE

These bands identified in addition to the existing GSM and UMTS bands

Local/Regional Regulation will manage the migration of technologies

These are IMT bands therefore LTE could be deployed

880-960

MHz

GSM

Foreseeable

Future

1710-2025

MHz

Good Potential

Equipment ?

2110-2200

MHz

Remains UMTS

HSPA

2500-2690

MHz

Most Likely

Deployments

34

400MHz – 900MHz

Pros and Cons of the Frequency bands

Frequency Advantage Disadvantage Comment

Lower

Frequencies

400 – 900MHz

-Good propagation

-Good in-building

coverage

-large cells possible

-may be cheaper to

deploy

-Problems with

interference,

-possible lower

capacity

-Antennas are large

Sometimes called

the Digital Dividend,

many TV services

are still using this

band

Higher

Frequencies

1Ghz – 4GHz

-Higher capacity

designs possible

-Smaller Antennas

-worse propagation

-building penetration

very high

-may result in high

cost networks

2.5GHz may still be

used to build mobile

systems, but more

difficult, 3.5GHz the

problems increase

1GHz – 4GHz

Higher frequency

Smaller Radio Cell

Higher Capacity

Lower frequency

Bigger Radio Cell

Lower Capacity

35

Example – London LTE Cell at 2.6 Ghz

36

Example – London LTE Cell at 900 MHz

37

LTE Launches by Frequency Band to 1Q 2012

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media

38

What are the alternatives to LTE?

HSPA/HSPA+

Might be closer for some than LTE

Use existing Spectrum

More “natural” roadmap in the short term

Solid Evolution Path (R6, R7, R8….)

Good Performance (20-40 Mbps +)

WiMAX

Now more “fixed” than mobile

Good performance

May not be the most natural roadmap for cellular

operators

Same underlying technology as LTE

Remember 802.16m is a 4G candidate

39

Factors Affecting the Cost of LTE

Positive

More Spectrally Efficient

Use of advanced antenna techniques

High order modulation

Fewer system Components

No RNC

Flatter Network Architecture

Smaller Base Station Components

Less power required

Remote Radio Head utilisation

Negative

Cost of License

Increased Backhaul Capacity Requirement

Use of Ethernet over Fibre Technology in the Backhaul

E1/T1 is expensive

Backhaul still a major issue

40

Share of Net Additions – North America

41

LTE Subscribers by Region - Forecasts

42

So where are we with LTE?

LTE Status Report

Q2 2012

Visit us

At stand

13

43

Telecoms Academy

www.telecomsacademy.com

www.schooloflte.com/

[email protected]

[email protected]