ltte news paper_131

8/18/2019 ltte news paper_131

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gpd;dh; rkhjhdj; NjtijNghyj; jd; id cUtfpj; j re; jphpfh mk;ikahh; gjtpf; F te; jJk; Gypfs; ,af;fj; Jld; xU rkurg; Ngr;rpw;F te; jpUe;jhh;.aho;g;ghzg; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij vd; W miof; fg;gLk;

me;jr; rkhjhd Kaw; rpAk; re;jphpfh mk;ikahhpd; ,uhZtj; jpkph;j;jdj;jhy; Kwptile;jpUe;jJ.mjidj; njhlh; e;J mk; ikahUk; xU midj; Jf; fl; rpkhehl;ilf; $l; bapUe;jhh;. Kbtpy; miuFiwj; jPh;Tg; nghjp xd; iwAk; ntspapl; bUe;jhh;.

,g;NghJ Nehh; Nt mDruizAld; rh;tNjrmuq;fpy; fle;j ehd; fiu tUlfhykhf ele; Jte; jNgr;Rthh;j;ijAk; rpq;fs Ml; rpahsh;fspd; fLk; Nghf;F kw;Wk; rkhjhd tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfshy;

nrayw;Wg;NghAs;sJ.,e; jg; Gwr;R+oypy; [dhjpgjp kfpe; j uh[gf; r

Tk; xU midj; Jf; fl; rp khehl; ilf; $l; bAs; shh;.Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspd; NghJ jkpoh; jug; G Kd;

itf; Fk; murpaw; Nfhhpf;iffis Vw; Wf;nfhs;shJmy; yJ eilKiwg; gLj; jhjpUe;J Ngr; irf; Fog; gpabj; Jtpl; L gpd; dh;> midj; Jf; fl; rp khehL vd; W$wp> rpq;fsf; fl; rpfis xUq;fpizj; J rpq; fsNjrk; rkhjhdj; jPh;nthd; iwf; fhZk; tpUg; GlNdNacs; sJ . vd; Wfhl;b rh; tNjr r%fj; ijAk; jkpo; kf;fisAk; Vkhw;wTNk midj; Jf; fl; rp khehL vd; wmurpay; ehlfj; ij rpq; fs Ml; rpahsh;fs; mLj; jLj;J muq; Nfw;wp tUfpd;wdh;.

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mikjptopapy; ,dg; gpur;rpidf; Fj; jPh;Tfhzy; vd; w murpay; eilKiwapd; cr; rf;fl; lkhdrh;tNjr kag; gl; l Ngr; Rthh;j;ij thapyhf jkpohpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk;> ,g;NghJ rh; tNjr murpayhfptpl; lJ. ,e; jr; rh;tNjr murpay; fsj; jpy; ,dg; gpur;rpidf; fhd jPh;TKaw; rp vd; gJ rh; tNjrr; rl; lq; fs;> epakq; fs; kw; Wk; eilKiwfspd; mbg; gilapNyNa mZfg; glNtz; ba epiyAk; vOe; Js; sJ.,J rpq; fs ngsj; j NghpdthjpfSf;F Vw; Gilatplakhf ,Uf; ftpy;iy.

vdNtjhd; > rh;tNjrkag; gl; Ltpl; l jkpohpd; Nghuhl;l murpaiy kPz; Lk; cs;ehl; Lg; gpur;rpidahfj; juk; ,wf; fp - midj; Jf;fl; rp khehl; bd; jPh;khdk; vd; W$wp miuFiwj; jPh;nthd; iwj; jpzpj;J- mij tpLjiyg; Gypfs; epuhfhpf;Fk;NghJ mijr; rhl;lhfitj; J - jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ ,uhZtj; jPh; nthd; iwj; jpzpf; Fk; Nehf;Fld; kfpe;j muR fha; fisefh;j;Jfpd; wJ.

,e; j midj; Jf; fl; rp khehl; bd; Jtf;f epfo;tpy; ciuahw; wpa [dhjpgjp kfpe;jhpd; fUj; Jf; fs; jkpohpd; ,dg; gpur;rpidf; fhd jPh;T njhlh; gpy; mtuJmuR vq; Nf epw;fpd;wJ vd; gij njspthf; fpAs;sd.

xw;iw Ml; rpf;Fs; - rpq; fs kf; fspd; rk; kjj; Jld; - cs; sfj; jPh;nthd; W vl; lg; glNtz;Lk; vd;gNj kfpe;juJ ciu ntspg; gLj; Jk; rhuhk;rq;fshFk; .

(njhlh;r;rp 02k; g f;fj ; jpy;)

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2/12

mtuJ ciuapy; jkpohpd; murpay;mgpyhirfs; fUj; jpy; vLf; fg;glNtapy;iy. mth; $l; ba midj; Jf; fl; rpkhehl;by; jkpohpd; elhSkd; wg; gpujpepjpfSk; Nrh; j;Jf; nfhs;sg; gltpy; iy.nkhj; jj;jpy; N[.Mhpd; muirg; Nghy -gpNukjhrhtpd; muirg; Nghy - re; jphpf;fhtpd; muirg; Nghy kfpe; jh; muRk;jkpohpd; ,dg; gpur;rpid njhlh; ghffLikahd Nghpdthj epiyg; ghl;ilNa vLj;Js; sJ.

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kfpe;jUk; jdJ ciuapy; xg; Gtpf;fKide; Js; shh;.fle; j 30tUlfhy MAjg;

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,uhZtj; jpkph;j;jdq;fspdhYk;Njhy;tpfisNa re; jpj;Js; sd.

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muir gy jlitfs; Gypfs; ,af; fk; Nfl; bUe;jJ. Mdhy; > xl;Lf;FOf; fsJnfhiyr; nray; fis cw; rhfg;gLj; jpAk; - Mo CLUTk; gilfis Gypfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpf;Fs; mDg;gpGypfisAk; kf; fisAk; gLnfhiynra; a mDkjpj; Jk; - jkpoh; jhafj; jpy; ,uhZt ml; ^opaq; fis mjpfg; gLj;

jpAk; mikjpr;R+oiy kfpe; j muNrNghl;Lilj; Js; sJ.

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xw;iwahl;rpf; Fs; jPh;T vd; wkfpe;jhpd; rpe;jid ntWk; fw;gidf; fijahFk; . jkpo;kf;fSf; F vj; jifa

jPh;it toq; Ftnjd; W> jkpoh; jug; igxJf; fptpl; L> rpq;fsf; fl; rpfs; kl; LNkxd; W$bj; jPh;khdpg;gJ vd; gJk; xUNfypf;$j;jhd nrayhFk; .

xw;iw Ml;rp vd; w Fz; Lr; rl;bf;Fs; rpq;fsg; Nghpdthjpfs;tpUk;gpagb FjpiuNahl; l Gypfs; ,af; fk; vd; iwf; Fk; cld; glkhl; lhJ.

rkhjhdk; - kdpjhgpkhdk; -tpOkpaq; fs; vd; W re;jphpfh mk;ikahiug;Nghy kfpe;jUk; Kjiyf;fz; zPh; tbj; J ciuahw; Wtjhy; ve; jg; gaDk; Vw;glg;Nghtjpy; iy.

jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;ridf;Fmikjptopapy; murpaw; jPh;T fhzNtz; Lk; vd; W kfpe;j muR cz; ikahfNt tpUk; gpdhy; Vw;fdNt cs;sNghh;epWj;j cld; ghl;bw;F mtuJmuR Gj;Japh; mspf; f Kd; tuNtz; Lk;.mjd; gpd;dh;> Gypfs; ,af; fk; rpq;fsmurplk; rkh;g;gpj;Js; s ,ilf; fhyj; jd; dhl; rp mjpfhurigia mbg; gilahff; nfhz; L murpaw; Ngr; Rf;FKd; tuNtz; Lk;. mt;tpjk; kfpe;jhpd; muR Kd; te; jhy; mth; fSld; Ngr

Gypfs; ,af; fk; jahuhf cs; sJ.Gypfspd; ,e;j murpay;epiyg; ghl;il Vw;f kWj; J jk; topnry; y kfpe; j muR Kaw; rpj;jhy; Gypfs; ,af; fKk; jdptopnrd; W jkpohpd; murpay; tpLjiyia ntd; nwLf;fg; ghLgLk; .

(njhlh;r;rp 02k; g f;f j; jpy;)

dp - b> 2006dp - b> 2006dp - b> 2006dp - b> 2006dp - b> 20060 20 20 20 20 2

kl; lf; fsg; G khtl; lj; jpy; Gypfs; ,af; fj;jpd; fl; Lg;ghl; Lg; gFjpahf tpsq; Fk; thfNdhpf;Fwpr;rpapy;> rpq;fsg; gilfs;> ngUnkLg;gpy;jpuz; L - CLUtpj; jhf; Fjy; elhj; j Kad; w,uhZt epfo; r;rp> rpq; fs murpd; cz; ik Kfj;ijr; rh; tNjr r%fj;jpw; Fj; NjhYhpj;Jf; fhl; bAs;sJ.

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mNjNtis> jP h;TKaw; rpfs; - midj; Jf;fl; rp khehLfs; > epGzh;FOf; fs; ... vd; w rpq; fsmurpd; murpay; ehlfq; fSk; rh; tNjr r%fj; jpd;Kd; mk; gykhfptpLk; vd; Wk; mJ mQ; Rfpd; wJ.

,jdhNyNa xl; Lf; FOf; fspd; MAjf;fisTf; F kfpe; j muR tplhg; gpbahf kWj; JtUfpd; wJ.

xl; Lf; FOf; fs; murpaYk; - jPh; TKaw; rpehlfq; fSk; ,d; iwf; F kl; Lk; elf; ftpy; iy.rpq;fs Ml; rpahsh; fs; ,tw; iwg; gy; yhz; Lfshfelhj; jp tUfpd; wdh; . ,e; jr; #o; r;rp murpaiyj;

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nfhs; sg; gl; l Nghh; epWj;j cld; ghl; il rpq; fs muR epuhfhpj; Jtpl; ljh! vd; gNj mJthFk; .

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jkpo; kf; fs; KO mstpy; Ghpe;Jitj; jpUf; fpd; wdh; . mjdhNyNa>,d;W jkpo; kf; fs; kj; jpapy; khngUk; vOr; rp Njhd; wpAs;sJ.

vdpDk; > rh; tNjr r%fj; ij Vkhw;wTk; > Fog; gTNkxl; Lf; FOf; fs; murpaiyAk; - jP h;TKaw; rp ehlfq; fisAk;rpq;fs muR muq; Nfw;w Kaw; rpf; fpd;wJ.

rpq;fs murpd; ,e; j eatQ; rf Nehf; fj; ijr; rh; tNjrr%fk; Ghpe;Jnfhs; s Ntz; Lk; vd; gJjhd; Gypfs; ,af; fj; jpd;tpUg; gkhFk; .

Nghh;epWj;j cld; ghl; bYs; s ,uhZt mk; rq; fshdxl; Lf; FOtpd; MAjf; fisT Nghd; w tplaq; fis kl; Lk; rpq; fsmuR cjhrP dk; nra; fpd; wJ vd; wpy;iy. cld; ghl; bYs; s murpay; - nghUshjhu mk; rq; fisAk; rpq; fs muR fhypy; Nghl; Lkpjpj;J tUfpd; wJ.

jkpoh; jhafj; jpy; ,d; Wk; kPd; gpbj; jil - fl; Lg;ghLfisrpq;fsf; flw; gil mKy; gLj; Jfpd; wJ. vhpnghUl; fs; vLj; Jr;nry; tij rpq; fs ,uhZtk; jLf; fpd; wJ. fl; llg; nghUl; fSf;

fhd jiliaAk; gilapdh; mKy; gLj; Jfpd; wdh; . ,jdhy; >rh;tNjr njhz; lh; epWtdq; fsstpyhd kdpjhgpkhdg; gzpfs;$l jkpoh; epyj;jpy; jilg; gl; Lg;NghAs;sd.

,e; jtifapy; rkhjhdfhy ed; ikfs; vtw; iwANk jkpo;kf; fs; rhpahf mDgtpf;ftpy; iy vd; gNj cz;ikahFk; .rkhjhd fhyj; jpYk; rpq; fs murpd; eatQ; rfkhd ,uhZtj;jhf; Fjy; fshy; jkpo; kf; fs; mopitAk; - ,lg;ngah; TfisAk;- mfjp tho; f; iffisANk mDgtpj;JtUfpd; wdh; .

jkpohpd; ,uhZt gyk; jhd; jkpopdj; jpw;F epk; kjpahdtho; f; ifiaAk; - epue; jukhd njhopy; fisAk; - nfsutkhd,Ug; igAk; toq; Fk; vd; gNj ,d; iwa ajhh; j; jkhFk; . rpq; fsj;jpd; ,uhZtr; rjpfisAk; - mjDila murpaw; #o; r;rpfisAk;vjph;nfhz; L xU epue; ju tpLjiyf; fhfj; jkpo; kf; fs; midtUk;xd; WgLtNj ,d; iwa fhyj; jpd; mtrpa NjitahFk; . xw; WikAk; - gyKk; jhd; jkpohpd; jiytpjpiaj; jP h;khdpf; Fk; jhufke; jpuq; fshFk;.

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3/12

Mdp - 200 6 Mdp - 200 6 Mdp - 200 6 Mdp - 200 6 Mdp - 200 6 0 30 30 30 30 3

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KOikahf ntspf ; nfhzu KO tha ; g;gspj; Njhk;. KOj ;

Njrj ; jpidAk ;vOr ; rp ngWkhW jpul; bNdhk; . vjph; g;Gg;Nghhpy;ehL KOtjd ;midj ; J Kd ;Kaw ; rpfisAk ;,izj ;Njhk;. NridfisAk ;kf ; fspd ;MAjg ;

gilfisAk ;ikag ;gilahff ;nfhz ; L midj ; Jkf ;fspd ;vOr ; rpiaAk ;kf ; fs ;Aj ; jj ; jpidAk ;

elj ; jpNdhk; .||

~~xt ;nthU FbkfDk ;j P ukpf;f Nghuhspahf Ntz ; Lk ;. xt ;nthU

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KOtijAk ;ngUk ;Nghh ;f ;fskhf khw ; wp ve; jMf ;fpukpg; ghsh; fisAk ;Jilj ; njwpa KbAk ; .||

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jd; idj; jhNd jw; fhj; Jf; nfhs; tjw; fhdNghhpay; tYitg; ngWtjw; fhf ,uhZtg;

gapw;rpngWk; fhl; rpf;Nfhyq; fs; cyfpd;kdijj; njhLfpd; wd. \\\\\\\\\\kyUk;kyUk;kyUk;kyUk;kyUk;

epidTfshfTk; epidTfshfTk; epidTfshfTk; epidTfshfTk; epidTfshfTk; |||||||||| mit cyfpd; Kd;

tphpfpd; wd. 21Mk; E}w; whz; bYk; Nghuhl; lr;#oiyj; jf; fitj; J 18> 19> 20Mk;

E}w; whz; Lfspy; gy;NtW ehLfspy; tphpe; j tpLjiyf; fhd Nghh;r; nraw; ghLfis kPsTk;GJg; gpf; Fk; gjpg; gpj; jy; gzpiag; Gypfs;\\ fUkNk fz; zhf || Nkw; nfhs; tij cyfk;

fhz; fpd; wJ. vy; yh ehLfspYNk ntt; NtW fhyfl; lq; fspy; ntt; NtW gpd; dzpapy; ntt; NtW khjphpfspy; tpLjiyr; Nrid jPl; lg; gl; lij tuyhW gjpe; Js; sJ.,q; fpyhe; J Vfhjpgj; jpaj; jpw; F vjpuhf

mnkhpf; f khepyq; fspy; kf; fs; Nghh; tPuh; fshfj;

jpul; lg; gl; lik> ,e; jpa tpLjiyf; fhf fhe; jp> gfj; rpq; Nghd;Nwhh; vjpnujph; epiyfspy; mzpjpul; baik> rPdhtpy;> fpA + ghtpy;> epf; fuFthtpy; > Nrhtpaj; jpy;Gul;rpfur; Nridfshf kf; fs; ghpzkpj; j

tpjk; ; jw;NghJ Neg; ghs khNthaprthjpfs; twpa kf; fis mzpjpul; b Nghuhspfshf cUthf; fpa Kiw vd eP Sk; ,t; tuyhw; W thpirapy; jkpoP oKk; ,Wjpahf,ize;Js;sJ. fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g>#oYf;Nfw;g kf;fs; gilapd;#oYf;Nfw;g kf;fs; gilapd;#oYf;Nfw;g kf;fs; gilapd;#oYf;Nfw;g kf;fs; gilapd;#oYf;Nfw;g kf;fs; gilapd;

mDgtq; fi s khw;w paik j;J j; mDg tq; fis khw ;wp aik j;J j; mDgtq; fi s khw;w paik j;J j; mDg tq; fis khw ;wp aik j;J j; mDg tq; fis khw;w paik j;J j; jkpoPok; ,g;n ghOJ tpLjiy g;gzpia jkp oPok ; ,g;n ghOJ tpL jiyg;gz pia jkpoPok; ,g;n ghOJ tpLjiyg;gz pia jkp oPok ; ,g;n ghOJ tpL jiyg;gz pia jkp oPok ; ,g;n ghOJ tpL jiyg;gzpiaNkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.

Gul;rpfu tpLjiyg; Nghhpd; tPuk;

nrwpe; j tpisepyq; fshf Nrhtpaj; (md; iwa) tpal; dhk; > rPdh Nghd; wit mikfpd; wd.vdpDk; tpal; dhkpd; Kd; DjhuzNk vkf; Fg;

gad; glj; jf; fdthff; fUjyhk; . tpal; dhkpd; cd; djj; jiyth; fshd Nfhrpkpd; > n[duy; fpahg; Nghd;Nwhhpd; fUj; Jf; fs; ehk; ftdj; jpy; nfhs; sj; jf; fd. tpal; dhk; jdf; nfd xU ,uhZtr; rpe; jid kuigf; nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,k; kuG kpf ePSk; Mf; fpukpg; ghsUf; F vjpuhfg; Nghuhba ghq; fpypUe; J gpwf; fpd; wJ. mt; tuyhw; wpd; tpisnghUshf ,d; iwa Nrhrypr tpaldhkpaf; FbauR tpsq; Ffpd; wJ. njd; fpof; fhrpahtpd; xNunahU fl; rp Ml; rpKiwiaf; nfhz; l nghJTlik munrd,d; wsTk; $wg; gLk; tpal; dhk; ,g;

gpuhe; jpaj; jpd; kpf Ntfkhf tsUk; nghUz; kpaj;ijf; nfhz; ljhfTs; sJ. 2020Mk; Mz; lstpy; ,JnthU tsh; r;rpaile; j ehLfspd; thpirapy;,lk; ngWk; vd Ma; thsh; fs;

mwpf;ifapLfpd; wdh;. vdNt ,j; jifa tpal; dhkpd; md; iwa #oy; ,d; W vkf; FKw; wpYkhfg; nghUe; jhtpl; lhYk; mjd;

mbg; gil tpLjiyg; Nghuhl; l mzpaikg; Gvkf; Fg; gad; jUk; gbg; gpidahf mikAk; .

vdNt tpal; dhkpd; ntw; wpapd;,ufrpankd; d? mjd; ,uhZtr; rpe; jidvd; d? tpal; ehkpd; Gfo; G + j; j ,uhZtj;

jsgjp fpahg; nrhy; fpwhh;>\\ 13Mk; E}w; whz; bYk; 20Mk; E}w; whz; bYk;kw; Wk; ek; kpYk; typadTk; nghpadTkhd

me; epa Mf; fpukpg;Gg; gilfis vjph; j; Jg;Nghhpl; L ntd; W tho; e; J tsh; e; j vkJ KO

tuyhw; wpYk; ekJ kf; fs; ngw; w ntw; wpapd; cz; ikahd ,ufrpak; tUkhW. ehk; ehk; ehk; ehk; ehk; midj ;J kf;f spdJk; ehl ;Lg; midj ;J kf;f spd Jk; ehl ;Lg; midj ;J kf;f spdJk; ehl ;Lg; midj ;J kf;f spd Jk; ehl ;Lg; midj ;J kf;f spdJk; ehl ;Lg; gw;wpidr; rhh;e ;J epd;Nwhk;. ehL gw;wp idr; rhh;e ;J epd;N whk;. ehL gw;wpidr; rhh;e ;J epd;Nwhk;. ehL gw;wp idr; rhh;e ;J epd;N whk;. ehL gw;wp idr; rhh;e ;J epd;N whk;. ehLKOtJk; jd; Mw;wiy KOikahfKOtJk; jd; Mw;wiy KOikahfKOtJk; jd; Mw;wiy KOikahfKOtJk; jd; Mw;wiy KOikahfKOtJk; jd; Mw;wiy KOikahf

ntsp f;nf hzu KO tha; g;gspj;Njhk;. ntsp f;nfhzu KO tha ;g;gspj ;Njh k;. ntsp f;nf hzu KO tha; g;gspj;Njhk;. ntsp f;nfhzu KO tha ;g;gspj ;Njh k;. ntsp f;nfhzu KO tha ;g;gspj ;Njh k;.KOj; Njrj;jpidAk; vOr;rp ngWkhWKOj; Njrj;jpidAk; vOr;rp ngWkhWKOj; Njrj;jpidAk; vOr;rp ngWkhWKOj; Njrj;jpidAk; vOr;rp ngWkhWKOj; Njrj;jpidAk; vOr;rp ngWkhW

jpul ;bNdh k;. vjph ;g;Gg; Nghhpy; ehL jpul ;bNdhk;. vjph ;g;Gg; Nghhp y; ehL jpul ;bNdh k;. vjph ;g;Gg; Nghhpy; ehL jpul ;bNdhk;. vjph ;g;Gg; Nghhp y; ehL jpul ;bNdhk;. vjph ;g;Gg; Nghhpy; ehL

KOtjd; midj;J Kd;KOtjd; midj;J Kd;KOtjd; midj;J Kd;KOtjd; midj;J Kd;KOtjd; midj;J Kd;Kaw;rpfisAk; ,izj;Njhk;.Kaw;rpfisAk; ,izj;Njhk;.Kaw;rpfisAk; ,izj;Njhk;.Kaw;rpfisAk; ,izj;Njhk;.Kaw;rpfisAk; ,izj;Njhk;.NridfisAk; kf;fspd; MAjg;NridfisAk; kf;fspd; MAjg;NridfisAk; kf;fspd; MAjg;NridfisAk; kf;fspd; MAjg;NridfisAk; kf;fspd; MAjg;

gi lfi sAk ; ika g;g il ahff; gil fis Ak; ika g;g ila hf f; gi lfi sAk ; ika g;g il ahff; gil fis Ak; ika g;g ila hf f; gil fis Ak; ika g;g ila hff ; nfhz ;L midj ;J kf;f spd ; nfhz ;L midj ;J kf;fs pd; nfhz ;L midj ;J kf;f spd ; nfhz ;L midj ;J kf;fs pd; nfhz ;L midj ;J kf;f spd ;vOr;rpiaAk; kf;fs; Aj;jj;jpidAk;vOr;rpiaAk; kf;fs; Aj;jj;jpidAk;vOr;rpiaAk; kf;fs; Aj;jj;jpidAk;vOr;rpiaAk; kf;fs; Aj;jj;jpidAk;vOr;rpiaAk; kf;fs; Aj;jj;jpidAk;

elj ;jpNdh k;. Gul ;rpapd; midj ;Jf; elj ;jp Ndhk;. Gul ;rp apd ; mid j;Jf ; elj ;jpNdh k;. Gul ;rpapd; mid j;Jf ; elj ;jp Ndhk;. Gul ;rp apd ; mid j;Jf ; elj ;jpNdh k;. Gul ;rp apd ; mid j;Jf ; fli kfs pYk; kf; fNs mjw ;Fj ; fli kfs pYk; kf; fNs mjw ;Fj ; fli kfs pYk ; kf; fNs mjw ;Fj ; fli kfs pYk; kf; fNs mjw ;Fj ; fli kfs pYk; kf; fNs mjw ;Fj ; jp lkh d mbg ;gi lahf jp lkh d mbg ;gi lahf jp lkh d mbg ;gi lahf jp lkh d mbg ;gi lahf jp lkh d mbg ;gi lahf mikfpd ;whh ;fs; . kf; fspd; murp ay; mikf pd;whh;fs; . kf;f spd ; murpay ; mikfpd ;whh ;fs; . kf; fspd; murp ay; mikf pd;whh;fs; . kf;f spd ; murpay ; mikf pd;whh; fs;. kf;f spd ; murp ay; gil fNs MAj g;g ilf spd ; jpl khd gil fNs MAjg;g ilf spd ; jp lkhd gil fNs MAj g;g ilf spd ; jpl khd gil fNs MAjg;g ilf spd ; jp lkhd gil fNs MAjg;g ilf spd ; jp lkhd mbj ;jsk hFk;. kf; fspd; MAjg ; mbj; jskhFk;. kf;f spd ; MAjg; mbj ;jsk hFk;. kf; fspd; MAjg ; mbj; jskhFk;. kf;f spd ; MAjg; mbj; jskhFk;. kf;f spd ; MAjg;

gil fNs Gul ;rp r;N rid apd ; jp lkh d gil fNs Gul ;rp r;N rid apd; jpl khd gil fNs Gul ;rp r;N rid apd ; jp lkh d gil fNs Gul ;rp r;N rid apd; jpl khd gil fNs Gul ;rp r;N rid apd ; jpl khd mbg;gi lah Fk; . vdN t Gul ;rp fug ; mbg;gil ahF k;. vdN t Gul ;rp fug ; mbg;gi lah Fk; . vdN t Gul ;rp fug ; mbg;gil ahF k;. vdN t Gul ;rp fug ; mbg ;gil ahF k;. vdN t Gul ;rp fug ;

NghUf;Ff; fzprkhd gilfisNghUf;Ff; fzprkhd gilfisNghUf;Ff; fzprkhd gilfisNghUf;Ff; fzprkhd gilfisNghUf;Ff; fzprkhd gilfis cWjpnr a;Jn fhs ;s kf; fs; Aj; jj;j pd; cWjpnr a;Jnfhs ;s kf;f s; Aj;j j;jpd; cWjpnr a;Jn fhs ;s kf; fs; Aj; jj;j pd; cWjpnr a;Jnfhs ;s kf;f s; Aj;j j;jpd; cWjpnra;Jnfhs ;s kf;f s; Aj;j j;jpd;kfj;jhd Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf;kfj;jhd Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf;kfj;jhd Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf;kfj;jhd Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf;kfj;jhd Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;sg ; Gul ;rp fu murp ay; Nri dia f; nfhs ;sg; Gul; rpf u murp ay; Nridia f; nfhs;sg ; Gul ;rp fu murp ay; Nri dia f; nfhs ;sg; Gul; rpf u murp ay; Nridia f; nfhs ;sg; Gul; rpf u murp ay; Nridia f; fl;l g; ghLg Ljy ; mtrp akhFk;. fl;l g; ghLgLjy ; mtrp akhFk;. fl;l g; ghLg Ljy ; mtrp akhFk;. fl;l g; ghLgLjy ; mtrp akhFk;. fl;l g; ghLg Ljy ; mtrp akhFk;.

tpal; dhkpd; Gul; rpfu ,uhZtr;rpe; jid gioa Nghh; kugpd; Nth; fspypUe; J

jioj; jJ. 1940 - 1975Mk;

Mz; Lf; fpilapy; gpuhd;Rf; nfjpuhfTk; gpd; dh; mnkhpf; fhtpw; F vjpuhfTk; Nghuhba jPukugpw; F fp.K %d; whk; E}w; whz; bypUe; Nj

tpal; dhk; rPd Mf; fpukpg; gpw; ; F vjpuhfg;Nghuhba tuyhW toptFj; jJ. rP d

Mf; fpukpg; gpd; nghOJ nfhy; yg; gl; lthpd; Jiztpah; (luq; rNfhjupfs; (Trung

Sisters vdg; gLth; ) fp.K 39Mk; Mz; Nl mzpNrh; e; J Nghuhba tuyhw; wpid tpal; dhk; vg;NghJk; epidtpy;itj; Js; sJ. fp.gp 10Mk; E}w; whz; lstpy;rP d Mf; fpukpg; gpw; F vjpuhfg; Nghuhb ntw; wp

ngw; w nghOJk; 13Mk; E}w; whz; lstpy; nkhq;NfhypaUf; F vjpuhfg; Nghhpl; lNghJk; jq; fspd; Nghh; kuG Njhw; Wtpl; ljhf fpahg; nrhy; fpd; whh;. Fwpg; ghf 13Mk; E}w; whz; by;

Njrpa tPudhff; fUjg; gLk; buhd; Fthf; Jthd; (Tran Quoc Tuan) \\xt; nthUtUk;Nghh; tPuuhtJ || \\Njrk; KOtJk; gilfspy;Nrh; tJ || vd; fpw mbg; gilapy; nraw; gl; L

fpuhkf; fhtw; gilfs; > gpuhe; jpag; gilfs;Nghd; wtw; wpidg; gad; gLj; jpg; Nghhpd;

njhlf; fj; jpypUe; J KbTtiu epue; jug; gilia xd; WFtpj; J rz; ilfis elj; Jk; Ntis Mq; fhq; F ,j; jifa kf; fs; gilfisf; nfhz; Ltpj; J rpW jhf; Fjy; fisj; njhLj; J mtw; iwAk;,izj; Jf; nfhz; lhh; . Nridf; F Kf; fpa

ghj; jpuKk;> jP h;khdpf; Fk; jpwDk; typAWj; jg; gl; lnghOJk; ngUk;

vz; zpf; ifapyhd MAjk; jhq; fpa kf; fSk; ngUk; gq; fhw; wpdh;. ,f; fhyfl; lj; jpy; tpal; dhkpd; ,U gonkhopfs; cUthfpd

\\xt; nthUtUk; Nghh; tPudhtJ || \\vjphp ek; tP l; il neUq; fpdhy; ngz; fs; $l rz; il nra; aNtz; Lk; || ,f; fhyfl; lk; gw; wp fpahg; Fwpg; gpLifapy; \\ mth; fs; kiyg; gFjpfspy;vjphpg; gilfisj; jLj; J topkwpj; jdh; .

gytP dg; gLj; jp mopj; jdh; . fopKfg; gFjpfspYk; Nghhpl; ldh; . me; je; j ,lq; fspy;vjphpAld; Nkhjpdh;. jj; jk; fpuhkq; fisj;

jsq; fshfg; gad; gLj; jpdh;. vjphpf; F vJTk; fpl; lhJ kiwj; jdh; . ntwpr;Nrhba tP LfisAk; > xd; WNkapy; yhjNjhl; lq; fisANk vjphpf; F tpl; Lr; nrd; wdh;||vd; fpd;whh;. \rz;ilf; fpuhkq; fs;rz; ilf; fpuhkq;fs;rz;ilf; fpuhkq; fs;rz; ilf; fpuhkq;fs;rz; ilf; fpuhkq;fs; ||||| vd; fpw

tof; F ,t; thW mq; F cUthdJ.,j; jifa gpd; dzpapNy 19Mk;

E}w; whz; bd; gpw; gFjpapy; gpuhd;rpahpd; Mjpf; fj; jpw; Fs; rpf; fpagpd; 1920fspy; nghJTlikf; fl; rpia cUthf; fp Nfhrpkpd; fpahg; gpd; JizNahL kf; fs; gilapid mLj; j ghpkhzj; jpw; F efh; j; jpdhh;. tpal; dhkpd; ,uhZtr; rpe; jidnad; gJ>

kf; fs; xw; Wikg; gl; L Nghh; g; gapw;rp ngw; WNghh; tPuuhfp MAjk; jhpj; J epue; jur;NridNahL ,ize; J NghuhLjy; vd; whdJ.Nfhrpkpd; dpd; Gfo; ngw; w thh; j; ijfspit\\xt;nthU FbkfDk; jPukpf;fxt;nthU FbkfDk; jPukpf;fxt;nthU FbkfDk; jPukpf;fxt;nthU FbkfDk; jPukpf;fxt;nthU FbkfDk; jPukpf;fNghuhspahf Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthUNghuhspahf Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthUNghuhspahf Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthUNghuhspahf Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthUNghuhspahf Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU

fpuh kKk; my;yJ tl;lh uKk; my;yJ fpuhkKk; my;yJ tl;lh uKk; my;yJ fpuh kKk; my;yJ tl;lh uKk; my;yJ fpuhkKk; my;yJ tl;lh uKk; my;yJ fpuhkKk; my;yJ tl;lh uKk; my;yJ njUT k; muzh f Ntz ;Lk; . xt;n thU njUTk; muzhf Ntz ;Lk; . xt;n thU njUT k; muzh f Ntz ;Lk; . xt;n thU njUTk; muzhf Ntz ;Lk; . xt;n thU njUT k; muzh f Ntz ;Lk; . xt;n thU njho py; epWtdKk ; tpt rhag; njhopy; epWtdKk; tptr hag; njho py; epW tdKk; tpt rhag; njhopy; epWtdKk; tptr hag; njhopy; epWtdKk; tptr hag; gz;i zfSk ; kf;f spd ; tpepNa hf gz;i zfSk ; kf;f spd ; tpepNa hf gz;i zfSk ; kf;f spd ; tpepNa hf gz;i zfSk ; kf;f spd ; tpepNa hf gz;i zfSk ; kf;f spd ; tpepNa hf

mbj; jskh f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;t hW ehL mbj;j skhf Ntz ;Lk;. ,t;thW ehL mbj; jskh f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;t hW ehL mbj;j skhf Ntz ;Lk;. ,t;thW ehL mbj;j skhf Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ehLKOtijAk; ngUk; Nghh;f;fskhfKOtijAk; ngUk; Nghh;f;fskhfKOtijAk; ngUk; Nghh;f;fskhfKOtijAk; ngUk; Nghh;f;fskhfKOtijAk; ngUk; Nghh;f;fskhf

khw;wp ve;j Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fisAk;khw;wp ve;j Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fisAk;khw;wp ve;j Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fisAk;khw;wp ve;j Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fisAk;khw;wp ve;j Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fisAk; Jilj;njwpa KbAk;. Jilj;njwpa KbAk;. Jilj;njwpa KbAk;. Jilj;njwpa KbAk;. Jilj;njwpa KbAk;. Njrj; jpd; 3Nfhb 10 ,yl; rk; kf; fSk; mnkhpf; f Mf; fpukpg; ghsh; fSf; F vjpuhf %d; W Nfhb gj; J ,yl; rk; jPug; Nghuhspfshjy; Ntz; Lk; ||,jidj; njhFj; J fpahg; nrhy; fpd; whh;.\\,e;j ,uhZtr; rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;L,e;j ,uhZtr; rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;L,e;j ,uhZtr; rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;L,e;j ,uhZtr; rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;L,e;j ,uhZtr; rpe;jidiaf; nfhz;LxU rpwpaehL Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk;>xU rpwpaehL Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk;>xU rpwpaehL Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk;>xU rpwpaehL Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk;>xU rpwpaehL Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fk;>

tpLjiyf ;Fkhd jdJ ePjp ahd Nghh py; tpLj iyf;Fkhd jdJ ePjp ahd Nghh py; tpLjiyf ;Fkhd jdJ ePjp ahd Nghh py; tpLj iyf;Fkhd jdJ ePjp ahd Nghh py; tpLjiyf ;Fkhd jdJ ePjp ahd Nghh py; nghpa Mf;f puk pg;ghsh;f isj ; nghpa Mf;f pukpg ;ghsh;f isj ; nghpa Mf;f puk pg;ghsh;f isj ; nghpa Mf;f pukpg ;ghsh;f isj ; nghpa Mf;f puk pg;ghsh;f isj ;

Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;||||||||||

,t;thWjhd; 1954Mk; Mz; L> ij 07Mk; jpfjp jpad; gpad;G+rkhpy; tpal; dhkpah; gpuhd;ir ntd; wdh;.

,r; rkhpy; kf; fspd; gq; fspg;G gpukpf; fj; jf; fJ. tlNkw; F tpal; dhkpd; %iyapy; > yhNthR ehl; bw; F mUfpy; neUq; fKbahj ,aw; if muzhf Mw; Wg; gs; sj; jhf; if mz; b mikf; fg; gl; l gpnuQ;Rg; gilj; jsk; Kwpabf; fg; gLtjw; FxUrpy Mapuk; NghuhspfNshL gy; yhapuk;kf; fs; gq; fspg; Gr; nra; jikNa fhuzk; . gy

E}w; Wf; fzf; fhd iky; J}uk; Gjpa tpepNahfg; ghij mikj; J 105 kpy; ypkP w; wh; gPuq; fpfs; > 37 kpy; ypkP w; wh; tpkhd vjph; g;Gr;RLfyd; fs; cl; gl 250,w; F Nkw; gl; l fduf

MAjq; fis kf; fs; vLj; Jr; nrd; w tuyhW,d; wsTk; epidtpy; gRikahf cs; s

fhl; rpahFk;.,t; thwhf ePSk; tpal; dhk; tuyhW

,d; W ek; gKbahj fdthftpUf; fyhk; . fhyj; jhy; fUj; jhy; ,aw; if mikthy; >#oikthy; murpaw; #oyhy; NtWgLk; .vdNt tpal; dhk; tuyhW mJ Ngr; rhf,Ue; ; ; jhYk; > NghuhftpUe; jhYk; ekf; Fg;Nghjpg; gdthfNt mikAk; . mNjNtis\\kf;fSf;F ,uhZtg; gapw;rp nfhLj;Jkf;fSf;F ,uhZtg; gapw;rp nfhLj;Jkf;fSf;F ,uhZtg; gapw;rp nfhLj;Jkf;fSf;F ,uhZtg; gapw;rp nfhLj;Jkf;fSf;F ,uhZtg; gapw;rp nfhLj;J

mth; fis MAjghzp ahf ;Fk; nghO J mth; fis MAjghzpahf;Fk ; nghO J mth; fis MAjghzp ahf ;Fk; nghOJ mth; fis MAjghzpahf;Fk ; nghO J mth; fis MAjghzp ahf ;Fk; nghO J fz; %bj ;jdkhf r; nra w;gLk; fz;%bj ;jd khf r; nra w;g Lk; fz; %bj ;jdkhf r; nra w;gLk; fz;%bj ;jd khf r; nra w;g Lk; fz; %bj ;jd khf r; nra w;g Lk;Nghf;fpidf; iftply;> MAjj;Nghf;fpidf; iftply;> MAjj;Nghf;fpidf; iftply;> MAjj;Nghf;fpidf; iftply;> MAjj;Nghf;fpidf; iftply;> MAjj;

jahhpg;Gg; gzpapy;


4/12

0 40 40 40 40 4 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006

- rhuzd; -

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5/12

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6/12

060 6060 60 6 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006 Mdp - Mb> 2006

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Mdhy; td; dpf; fsj; jpy; epd;w rpq; fsMkpiag; nghWj; jtiu ,utpy; jq; fs; jsq; fspy;miye; JjphpAk; nky;ypRk;> Xuy; KfKk; ,isataJk; kpDq; Fk; fz; fSk; fOj; jpy; xU eP snts; isg; gy; Yk; nfhz; l khag; gprhR - Rlvj; jdpj; jhy; \\mj; j crg; ghq; || vd; W fP r;rplf;fj; jptpl; L khakha; f; Fz; il ntbf; fitj; Jkiwe; JNghFk; kh; kg; gprhR nrj; Jg; Ngha; tpl; lJ.gprhRf; fhfg; gpf; Ftplk; ke; jphpj;Jf; fOj; jpy; fl; bajhaj; J ,dpj; Njitapy; iy vd; Wk; mth; fs;MWjyilaf; $Lk; .

gf; fthl; lhf ntw; wpiyf; NfzpiaAk; ifg; gw;wjiyth; jpl;lkpl; lhh; . Mdhy; ntw;wpiyNfzpGy;yhntsp ifg; gw;wg;gl gue; jd; jhf ; FjNyhntw; wpaspf; ftpy;iy. gpd; dh; fl; lisj; jsgjpNfzy; jP gd; jiyikapy; gue; jd; kP J jhf; Fjy;njhLf; f KbTnra; ag; gl; lJ. gfypy; rkiuj;njhlq; fj; jiytUld; MNyhrpj; J te; j Nfzy;jPgd; mj; jifa XU mghakhd rkiuj; njhlq; ftPukzpia mioj; jhh; . Ml; ywp> uhq; fpfistopelj; Jk; xU kuGg; gilf; F mJTk; jw; fhg; GAj;jj;jpy; kpf trjpahf ,Uf; Fk; . MdhYk; gfypy;Aj; jj; ij vjph; ghh;f; fhj vjphp kP J Kjy; Kiwahfr;nra; ag; gLk; gfy; nghOJj; jhf; Fjy; ntw; wpaspf; ftha; g;Gs; sJ vd jsgjp jP h;khdpj; jhh; . Xahjmiyfs; ,uz; by; vjphpapd; Kwpabg; ig kP s

Kwpabf; f xU vj; jdpg; igr; nra; J ntw;wpfhzg; gl; lJ. mjpy; xU mzpj; jsgjpahffskpwq; fpatd; tP ukzp. ,g;NghJ gfypy;njhlq; fg; gLk; rkhpw; F tP ukzpia xU gFjpj;

jkpoP oj; Njrpaj; jiytUld; jsgjp tP ukzp

ez;gd; F.ftpaofd;Ngioapy; gLj; jpathW J}f; fpte; jhh; fs; . kidtptPukzpiaf; fl; bg;gpbj; Jf; fjwpf; nfhz; bUe; jhs; .$l; lj; jpy; Mq; fhq; Nf tpk;ky; fs; ntbf; fpd;wd.tpLjiyg; Nghhpy; [k; gJ Aj; jfsk; fz; l xUmrfha tP ud; mikjpaha; gLj; jpUg; gJ vq; fisvd; dNth nra; jJ. %j; j jsgjp Nfzy; ghy; uh[;epidTiuahw; wpdhh;. \\flypy; kP Df; Ff; Fz; lbj; JtPukzpf; Ff; fhak; vd; whh;fs; . mjph; e;JNghNdd; . rhpfhak; jhNd vd; Wtpl; bUf; ff; ifapy; iyahk;vd; whh;fs; . ifapy; yhtpl; lhYk; guthapy; iy tul; Lk;vd; wpUe;Njd; . nfhQ; r Neuj; jpy; epiyik Nkhrkhf

,Ug; gjhfr; nrhd; dhh; fs; . caph; jg; gpdhNyNghJnkd; W Vf; fkhf ,Ue; jJ. ,Wjpaha; tP ukzpnrj; Jtpl; lhd; vd; W nra;jp nrhd; dhh; fs;.||

rhTf; Fj; jhd; kdpjh; fs; mQ; Rthh; fs; . rhTtPukzpf; F mQ; rp Nfhioj; jdkha; mtidf;

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8/12

“ cz;ikapy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wp cyfj;jpd; iffspy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vkJ ntw;wpahdJ vkJ ifapy;> cz;ikapy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wp cyfj;jpd; iffspy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vkJ ntw;wpahdJ vkJ ifapy;> cz;ikapy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wp cyfj;jpd; iffspy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vkJ ntw;wpahdJ vkJ ifapy;> cz;ikapy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wp cyfj;jpd; iffspy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vkJ ntw;wpahdJ vkJ ifapy;> cz;ikapy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wp cyfj;jpd; iffspy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vkJ ntw;wpahdJ vkJ ifapy;>vkJ gyj;jpy;> vkJ cWjpg;ghl;bNyNa jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ePjpAk; epahaKk; vkJ gf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. ehk;vkJ gyj;jpy;> vkJ cWjpg;ghl;bNyNa jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ePjpAk; epahaKk; vkJ gf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. ehk;vkJ gyj;jpy;> vkJ cWjpg;ghl;bNyNa jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ePjpAk; epahaKk; vkJ gf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. ehk;vkJ gyj;jpy;> vkJ cWjpg;ghl;bNyNa jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ePjpAk; epahaKk; vkJ gf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. ehk;vkJ gyj;jpy;> vkJ cWjpg;ghl;bNyNa jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ePjpAk; epahaKk; vkJ gf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. ehk;

typik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;; NghuhLk; jpwik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. typik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;; NghuhLk; jpwik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. typik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;; NghuhLk; jpwik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. typik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;; NghuhLk; jpwik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. typik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;; NghuhLk; jpwik ngw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ”

- jk- jk- jk- jk- jk poPoj; Njrpaj ; jiyth; NkjF Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs; - poPoj; Njrpaj ; jiyth; NkjF Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs; - poPoj; Njrpaj ; jiyth; NkjF Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs; - poPoj; Njrpaj ; jiyth; NkjF Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs; - poPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; NkjF Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs; -

j kpoPo kf;fisAk; jkpoPotpLjiyg;GypfisAk; NtWgLj;jpg;ghh;f;Fk; Nghf;F kpf mz;ikapy;Njhd; wpAs;sJ. rkjhdr; Rftho;ittpUk; Gk; mikjpg; gphpah;fshf kf; fisAk; >Nghiuf; Fwpahff; nfhz; lth; fshfTk;rkurj; jP h;Tf; F xj; Jtuhjth; fshfTk;GypfisAk; rpj;jhpf;Fk; Kidg;Gf;fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,t; thwhd fUj; JepiyxU tQ; rf cs; Nehf; fj; ; jpidf; nfhz; lJ.Gypfisg; Gwe; js; sptpl; lhy; jhk; epidj; jfhhpaj; jpidr; rhjpj; Jtplyhk; vd; W rpq; fsmuRk; rh; tNjr r%fKk; epidf; fpd; wd.Mdhy; mth; fSila jpl; lk; epiwNtwg;Nghtjpy; iy.

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vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy;jk; ikg; ngUk; ghd; ikapdh; vdf; fUJk;rpq;fsth; fs; vz; zpf; ifapy; Fiwe; jjkpoh; fs; kPJ Mjpf; fk; nrYj; j tpistijj; jkpo; kf; fs; Vw; fj; jahhpy; iy.rpq;fsj; jiyikapyhd ,iwik ehl; bd;kPJ jkpoh; fs; ek; gpf;if ,oe; J gy jrhg;jq; fshfpd;wd. murpw; Fr; nrhe; jkhdMAjg; gilfs; jkpoh; fisf; nfhy; tjw; Fgad; gLj; jg; gLfpd;wd. MAjg; gilfs;nra; Ak; kdpj chpik kP wy;fisAk; > gpwml; ^opaq; fisAk; mur ,ae; jpuk; %bkiwf; fpd; wJ. rpq; fs eP jpkd; wq;fspy; ePjpfpilg; gjpy; iy. nfhOk; G Clfq; fs;jkpoUf;F vjpuhd fUj; Jg; Nghiuj;njhlh; r;rpahf elj; Jfpd; wd. xw; iwahl; rpiaj; jkpoh;fs; xUNghJk; Vw;fg;Nghtjpy; iy. mjpypUe; J tpLgLtjw;fhfNt vkJ tpLjiyg; Nghh; elj; jg; gLfpd; wJ.

murp ay;rpWgps;isj; jdkhfNth,Uf; Fk; . mt; tsNthL mth;epw;ftpy; iy. \jkpo; kf; fSilaNfhhpf; iffs; ,dq; fhzg; gl; LepiwNtw; wg;glhtpl; lhy; my; yJrl; lj; jpd; ghJfhg; G mth; fSf;Ff; fpilahJ vd; W mth; fs;czu Neh; e;jhy; kPz; Lk; Gypfspd; ghJfhg; gpidj; NjLthh;fs; |. ,e; j ,lj; jpy; mth; xUtplaj;ij kpf mOj;jKk;jpUj; jKkhff; $wpdhh; . \\kpfTk;,f; fl; lhd Neuq; fspy; mth; fs;Gypfspd; ghJfhg; ig ehLthh;fs; .||

xU ehNlh mjd; xUgFjpNah gpw ehnlhd;why;my; yJ mNjehl; bd; ,d; ndhUgFjpahy; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gLk;NghJ ghjpf; fg; gl; l kf; fs; jkJvjph;g;igf; fhl; Lthh; fs; . ,e; jvjph;g;G nwrp]; ud; ]; (RESIS-TANCE) vd; W miof; fg; gLk; .kf; fspd; ,d; ndhU gFjpapdh;Mf; fpukpg;ghsh; fSld; ,ize; Jnraw;gLthh;fs;. ,th;fis\ n f h y h n g N w w ; u h ; ] ; |

(COLLABORTORS) vd; W miog; ghh;fs; .vjphpf;F xj; Jiog; G toq; Fk; midtUk;,t; thW miof; fg; gLfpd; whh;fs; . ,UgFjpapdUk; mjhtJ vjph; g;gth; fSk;xj; Jiog; G toq; Fgth; fSk; kf; fs;kj; jpapypUe; J Njhw; wk; ngWfpd; wdh;.v j p h ; g ; G n t s p g ; g i l a h f T k ; >kiwKfkhfTk; eilngWk; . xU fl; lk;tUk; NghJ kiwKf vjph; g;G ntspg; gilahdjhf khWk; . midj;J kf; fSk;

cyfg; Nghhpy; mNj gilfSf; F xj;Jiog; G toq; fpdhh; . jdJ xj; Jiog; Gmuir tpr; rp (VICHY) vd; w gpnud; R efhpy;epWtpdhh; . mtUila xj; Jiog; G muR\tpr; rpauR| (VICHY GOVERNMENT) vd; Wmiof; fg; gl; lJ. ,d; W vjphpf; F xj; Jiog; Gtoq;Fk; muirf; Fwpg;gpLk; fiyr;nrhy; yhf mJ Vw; Wf;nfhs; sg; gLfpd; wJ.tpr; rp efhpy; gy trjpahd tpLjpfs;,Ug; gjhy; me; j efuk; murgP lkhfj; njhpTnra;ag;gl;lJ. my;[Phpah nfhl;Nly;(ALGERIA HOTEL) vd; w cy; yhrtpLjpmurpd; Kf; fpa fUkgP lkhfj; njhpTnra; ag; gl; lJ. ,e; jpag; gilfspd; Mf; fpukpg;Gf; fhyj; jpy; xj; Jiog; G toq; fpamikg; gpdh; aho; .efhpd; nfhl; Nly; mNrhfh(HOTEL ASOKA) vd; w tpLjpiaj; jkJmYtyfkhfj; njhpTnra; jdh; . mNjNghy;,d; W rpq; fs ,uhZtj; jpw;Fk; rpq; fsmurpw;Fk; xj; Jiog; G toq; Fk; mikg; gpdh;rpwpjh; jpiuauq; fj; ij (SRIDHAR THE-ATRE) jkJ Kf; fpa mYtyfkhfTk;ghJfhg; G muzhfTk; mikj; Js; sdh; .gioaJ Gjpa tbtj; jpy; tUk; NghJtuyhW vd; fpd; Nwhk;. gbg; gbahf vjph; g;gpaf;fj;jpdh; gpuhd;rpy; jhf;Fjiyj;njhlq; fpdh; . N[h; kd; gilfspd; nfhLQ;nray; fSf; F mQ; rpa gpnuQ; R kf; fs;Kjypy; mg; ghtpfs; Nghy; ,Ue; jdh; . gpd; G

vjph;g;gzpapy; ,Ug; gth; fs; \vk; kth; | vd; wczh; T Vw; gl; lJ. mjd; gpd; czTtoq; Fjy; > kiwtplk; nfhLj; jy; > jhf; FjYf; F cjTjy; Nghd; w eltbf; iffs;njhlq; fpd. A+d; 06.1944Mk; ehs; Nerehl; Lg; gilfs; tl gpuhd; rpy; Eioe; jd.vjph;g;gzpapdUk; kf; fSk; Nerehl; Lg;gilfNshL ,ize; jd. tpr; rp murpd;fhyk; mj; NjhL KbTw; wJ. Njrj; JNuhfpvd; W jP h;g;G toq; fg; gl; l khh; ry; Ngj; Njapdpd; J}f; Fj; jz; lid ehl; Lj; jiyth;b Nfhypd; jiyaP l; by; MAl; jz; lidahff; Fiwf; fg; gl; lJ. mth; rpiwapy;,we; jhh; (1951).

tpLjiyf; fhf kf; fs; nfhLf; Fk;mjpAah; tpiyahd caphpog; G vjphpg;gilfs; toq; Fk; $l; Lj; jz; lid %yk;Vw;gLfpd; wJ. vjphpg; gil mjpfhhpNah gjtpFiwe; j ,d; ndhUtNdh nfhy; yg; gLk;NghJ nfhd; wth; fspd; ,dj; ijr; Nrh; e;jth; fis frl; L Nkdpf; F nfhd; wopj; jy;$l; Lj; jz; lid (COLLECTIVE PUNISH-MENT) vdg; gLfpd; wJ. ,J kpfg; gpugykhd ,uhZt cghak; > tQ; rk; jP h;g;gNjhLkpul;bg; gzpaitf; Fk; cghakhfTk;,t; tifj; jz;lid gad; gLfpd; wJ.Nghhpay; tuyhw; wpy; kpfg; gioik tha; e;jeilKiwnad; W ,J th; zpf; fg; gLfpd;wJ. gpuhd; rpy; N[h; kd; ehrp Ml; rp epytpaNghJ J}s; (TULLE) efhpy; N[h; kd;

czh; T nraw; ifahdjy; y. ehk;jdpaurhf tuyhW mwpag; gl; lfhyk; njhl; L ,Ue; Js; Nshk; . eph;thfmD$yj; jpw;fhf gpupl; brhh; vk; ik1833,y; epy milahsk; ,of; fr;nra;Js;sdh; . 1795,w;Fk; 1833,w; Fk; ,ilg; gl; l fhyj; jpy; \fyf; uNww;| (COLLECTORATE ) vd;wMl; rpKiw epytpaJ. Nfhy; GWf;- f k u d ; (COLEBROOKE -CAMERON) rPh;jpUj; jq; fSf;Fg;gpd; ,e; j Ml; rpKiw epWj; jg; gl; L,yq;ifj;jPT 5khfhzq;fshftFf; fg; gl; lJ. Gjpa aho; g;ghzkhfhzj; jpy; > aho; g;ghzk; > kd; dhh; >Ky;iyj;jPT cs;spl;l td;dpkhtl; lq; fSk; fz; bg; gFjpapd;Etufyhtpah khtl; lKk; ,izf;fg;gl; ld. aho; .khtl; lj;jpw; Fhpanrayfq; fs; (fr; Nrhpfs; ) aho; g;ghzk;> kd;dhh;> Ky;iyj;jPT>mDuhjGuk; Mfpa efuq; fspy;jpwf; fg; gl; ld. (NORTHERN CEY -LON (SRILANKA) IN THE 19 th CEN-TURY BY PROF BERTRAM

- fyhepjp -f.Nrhkh];fe; jd;

fpsh; e;njOk; NghJ vjph; g;G KOtbtk;ngWk; .

gpuhd;R 1940 - 1944 fhyg;gFjpapy; N[h; kd; ehrpg; gilfshy; Mf; fpukpf;fg; gl; lJ. mg; NghJ xUGwk; vjph; g;ghsh;fSk; kWGwk; xj; Jiog; ghsh; fSk; mzpjpuz; ldh; . vjph; g;gpaf; fj; jiyth; b Nfhy;(DE GAULLE) jdJ jiyikg; gPlj; ij,q;fpyhe;Jj; jiyefh; ,yz;ldpy;Vw;gLj; jpdhh; . mq; fpUe; J mth; vjph; g;gpaf; fj; jpid topelj; jpdhh; . mNj rkaj;jpy; Kjyhk; cyfg; Nghhpy; gpuhd; rpd; mjpcah; jsgjpfspy; xUtuhf ,Ue; j khh; ry;ngj; Njapd; (MARSHALL PETAIN) N[h; kd;gilfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fpdhh;.mjhtJ Kjyhk; cyfg; Nghhpy; N[h; kd;gilfis vjph; j; Jg; Nghuhbdh; > ,uz; lhk;

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Mdp - 2006 Mdp - 2006 Mdp - 2006 Mdp - 2006 Mdp - 2006 0 90 90 90 90 9

,uhZt mjpfhhp vjph; gpaf; fj; jpduhy;nfhy; yg; gl; lhh; . ,jw; Fg; gjpybahf A+d;09.1944Mk; ehs; tajpsik mbg; gilapy;njhpTnra; ag; gl; l 99 J}s; efu ,isQh;fis xU kuj; jpy; njhq; ftpl; L gilapdh;nfhd; wdh; . ,f; fhl; rpiag; ghh; f; Fk;gbJtf; F Kidapy; kf; fs; eph;g;ge; jpf; fg;gl; ldh; . nfhy; yg; gl; lth; fspd; rlyq; fs;njhq; fpa kuj; jpd; fP o; mkh; e;J N[h; kd;gilapdh; tpUe; JzT cl; nfhz; ldh; .kf; fs; neUf; fkhf thOk; fpuhkq; fs; kPJelf; Fk; Fz; LtP r;R fz; %bj;jdkhdMl; bywpj; jhf; Fjy; fs; vd; gd $l; Lj;jz; lidapd; gpw tbtq; fshFk; . %J}h; >my; iyg; gpl;b> tq; fhiy> Ngrhiy Nghd; wgFjpfspy; ele; j jkpopdg; gLnfhiyfs;,t; tifj; jz; lidapy; mlq; Fk; . mnkhpf;fh> ,]; Nuy; Mfpa ehl; Lg; gilapdh;rpq;fs ,uhZtj;jpdUf;F toq;fpafpsh; r;rpia mlf; Fk; gapw; rpapy; (ANTI -

tpLjiyg; Nghh; fs; vkJ ftdj; jpid elKiwg;gLj; jpdhh; . gpupl;b~; murpw; F xj; Jiog; Gtoq; fpath; fSk; epiwa ,Ue; jdh; . epuhj; rprTj; jphp vd; w fy; tpkhd; gphpl;b~; Ml; rpKbtpw; F te; J mth; fs; ntspNawpaNghJjhDk; $lr; nrd; W ,q; fpyhe; jpy; Fb

Nfhl; il jpad; gpad; G+ 1954 tpal; ehk;gilfsplk; tP o;r;rpfz; lgpd; gpnuQ; R Ml; rpKbtpw; F te; jJ. Mdhy; mth; fSila,lj; jpw;F Nghiu Kd; ndLf; Fk; Nehf; fpy;mnkhpf; fg; gilfs; Kd; te; jd. tpal;ehkpah; fs; ,g; NghJ mnkhpf; fg; gilfNshLNkhjNtz; ba epiy Njhd; wpaJ.

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INSURGENCY TRAINING) g h y p a y ;ty; YwTk; mjw; Fg; gpd; gLnfhiyAk;Kjyplk; ngWfpd; wd. ,J kP d; FQ; rpw;FePr;rw;gapw;rp Nghd; wJ.

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tpLjiyg; Gypfspd;tuyhw;Wg; Gfo; kpf; f> Mfha

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11/12

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12/12

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