lucknow public school study material session 19 20...

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LUCKNOW PUBLIC SCHOOL

STUDY MATERIAL

SESSION 19_20

FRAGMENT 1

SUBJECT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY(402)

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Notes by:

Nitin Sir

LPS,Rae-bareli

CLASS-10TH

SUBJECT- INFORMATION TECHONOGY (402)

CHAPTER-1

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

Introduction

Functional English is usage of the English required to perform a specific function. It is more about the day to day use

and practically of the English language.

It is less history and more communication skills. It consists of advertising, marketing, journalism and so much

more.

General objective

The aim of functional English is to develop communicative skills of the learners in listening, speaking, writing and

reading. The main focus is on how English is used in real-life situations.

“A good command of English is often required for academic and career progression.”

There are some sessions given below which are helpful to understand the functional English more easily:-

Session 1:-

ORDERING FOOD AT A RESTAURANT

Imagine, you are there in a restaurant and the waiter has come to ask what you would like to have.

How would you place your order?

Think about it and try to frame some sentences to do so.

When we place an order, there are some common terms used.

Some of them are as follows:-

Starters: - (like you want to order momos)

Usage: - I would like to have fried vegetarian momos for starters.

Maincourse:- The primary or main dish in a meal.

Usage: - I would like to have Shahi Paneer,Raita and Rumali Roti for main course.

Dessert:- The final course of a meal – it may be fruits or a sweet dish.

Usage: - I would like to Kheer for dessert.

Session 2:-

MAKING RESOLUTIONS

How you ever made a promise to yourself?

A promise could be as simple as:

1. I will never lose my temper again.

2. I will talk less on my mobile

3. I will learn to speak properly in English within six months.

4. I will try to study hard this year and get a 1st division.

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Think about what you would like to promise to yourself. These promises are actually what are known as your own

“resolution”.

In the following session, we will learn about this concept.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

The use of words like “will” and “shall” denote the future time of action.

Uses of shall and will:-

SHALL:-

With the first person-

The modal auxillary verb “shall” is used with first personb pronouns to express the strong possibility or near

certainly of an action whivh is to take place in the near future.

Ex- I shall leave for Chicago tommarow.

With the second and third person pronouns-

Shall can be used with second and third person pronouns to express a command.

Ex- you shall not lie.

It is sometimes used with second and third person pronouns to express a threat.

Ex- you shall regret this.

WILL:-

With first person pronouns will expresses ideas such as determination, promise, threat or willingness.

Ex-

I will go there, whatever happens.

I will try to get him a good job.

I will keep my room neat and clean.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE VOICE: - When a subject is directly acting on the object, the sentence is written in active voice.

Ex- The hair stylist changed the color of my hair.

PASSIVE VOICE:- When the object is acted upon by the subject, the sentence is written in passive voice.

Ex- The color my hair was changed by the hair stylist.

Here are some examples of active and passive voice, given below:-

1. Active Voice: - I ate the strawberry pie.

Passive Voice: - The strawberry pie was eaten by me.

2. Active Voice: - I was praised by the headmaster.

Passive voice: - The headmaster praised me.

In certain sentences in the passive voice, the subject may not be mentioned:-

Ex: - 1) You should do the work.

- The work should be done.

2) Has she finished her homework?

- Has her homework been completed?

PRONOUNS:-

The pronouns are used at the place of noun.

There are different kinds of pronouns; like-

1) Personal Pronouns

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2) Possessive Pronoun

3) Demonstrative Pronoun

4) Reflexive Pronouns

5) Relative Pronouns

6) Reciprocal Pronoun

In daily life activities we mostly use reflexive pronouns.

Like- myself, ourselves, themselves, yourselves, himself, herself and itself.

Reflexive pronouns are used usually in 3 situations:-

Situation:1 - When the subject and object are the same.

For examples:-

1) I hurt myself.

2) He shot himself.

3) The music group calls themselves”dire straits”.

Situation: 2 -As the object of a preposition, when the subject and the object are the same.

For examples:-

1) I bought a present for myself.

2) She did it by herself.

3) That man is talking to himself.

Situation: 3 - When you want to emphasize the subject.

For examples:-

1) I’ll do it myself.

2) They ate all the food themselves.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE:-

The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that happened or existed before now.

Imagine someone asks what your brother Wolfgang did while he was in town last weekend.

Ex: - 1) Wolfgang entered a hula hoop contest.

2) He won the silver medal.

You can also use the simple past to talk about a past state of being, such as the way some one felt about something.

This is often expressed with the simple past tense of the verb to be and an objective, noun or prepositional phrase.

Ex:- wolfgang was proud of his hula hoop victory.

The contest was the highlight of his week.

Some other examples of simple past tense are given below:-

1) I used to listen eagerly to her.

2) I was exhausted.

3) It was a very tiring journey.

4) I had a tiring journey.

Words that modify the verbs are called adverbs.

ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS:-

Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns:

Enormous, silly, yellow, fun.

Ex:-1) I am ready to take the rest. - Adjective

2) I am readily taking the test. - Adverb

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1) I was happy when I received the certificate. – Adjective

2) I happily received the certificate. – Adverb

Here are some adjectives to describe a city:- (which we use in day to day life.)

City: - active, bustling, busy, clean, dirty, windy.

Traffic: - loud, congested, snarled

Buildings: - stone, marble, glass, steel, graffiti- covered

Paint: - fresh, weathered, peeling

Monuments, statues: - Copper, carved, ancient, moss- covered, faded, green, bronze.

Signs: - neon, weathered, worn, bright, welcoming, flashing.

People: - hurried, bundled, smiling, frowning, eager, rushed.

Buses, cars, taxis:- belching, crawling, honking, screeching.

PREPOSITIONS:-

A preposition is a word that links a noun and pronoun to other words in a sentence.

Ex: - 1) We went to the market.

2) The market is just around the corner.

Prepositions are used as follows: -

Prepositions of time: - at, on, in, during, since, until, by etc.

We reached the hostel at 9 pm.

We reached the hostel on Monday.

We will reach the airport in an hour.

Note: - use at for specific times, on for days and dates and in for non- specific times.

Prepositions of place:- at, on, in, over, above, under, beside, behind etc.

We went to the library.

The library is on heeds on lane.

Note: - use at for specific places, on for roads, streets etc and in for cities, countries etc.

Prepositions of directions:- to, from, across, through, around, into, towards etc.

The electronics shop is across the street. The cricketers went in that direction.

Prepositions indicating other relationship:

By, with, of, for etc.

This sari is made by silk. A surprise is waiting for you.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:-

The present continuous tense is used for actions happening now or for an action that is unfinished.

For examples:-

1) I am waiting.

2) She is preparing lunch for everyone.

The verb will always take the form “is/am/are +v ing”.

Depending upon the subject.

3) He/she/it/Ram/Meenal is walking.

4) I am walking.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:-

The past continuous tense describes an action that was happening at a time in the past. A verb in this tense will always

take the form:

Was/Were + verb (+ ing)

I/she/he/it/the man was walking.

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They/we/you/the people were walking.

He was rehearing for his performance.

Some examples of past continuous tense are given below:-

I am walking- Present continuous tense

I was walking – Past continuous tense

We/they/the people are working- Present continuous tense

We/they/the people were working – Past continuous tense

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: -

The future tense describes an action that will be ongoing in the future. A verb in the future continuous tense will always

take the form:

“Will + be + verb + ing”

I will be reporting on the news channel tonight.

He will be coming around 9 pm.

You will be doing you homework.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: -

The present perfect tense is used to indicate a link between the present and past.

“has/have + Verb3rd form”

It is used to describe an action which occurred recently.

I have read the essay.

She has taken breakfast.

CONNECTORS AND CONJUNCTIONS: -

Conjunctions are also called connectors these are the words used to express relationship between ideas and combine

paragraphs and sentences.

For Ex:- but, moreover, firstly, however, therefore, in brief, still, certainly, at the same time etc.

Conjunctions are also used to connect phrases and words.

For Ex:- but, so, as, and, nor, yet, so, although, though, because, either …. Or, neither ….. nor, as soon as and or.

Reported Speech: -

We use a ‘reporting verb’ like ‘say’ or ‘tell’.

If this verb is in the present tense, it’s easy. We just put ‘she says’ and then the sentence:-

Direct Speech: - I like Ice cream.

Reported Speech: - She says that she likes Ice cream.

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense,then usually we change the tenses in the reported :-

Direct Speech: - I like ice cream.

Reported Speech: -She said that she liked ice cream.

Some other examples are given below:-

1) He said, “ I am thirsty”.- Direct speech

2) He said he was thirsty.- Reported speech

1) Sheetal said , “What are you doing”?-Direct speech

2) She asked me what I was doing.- Reported Speech

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

1- I ……….. tennis every Sunday morning.

a) playing ( )

b) play ( )

c) am playing ( )

d) am play ( )

Ans:- play

2- Weather report, “it’s a seven o ‘clock in frank furt and …….”

a) There is snow

b) It’s snowing

c) It snows

d) It snowed

Ans:- it’s snowing

3- I think I………… a new calculator. This one does not work properly any more.

a) Needs

b) Needed

c) Need

d) Am needing

Ans:- need

4- Every weekend, we put the trash can………. For garbage collection.

a) Up

b) At

c) Into

d) out

Ans:- out

5- you must be back ……… four o ‘clock.

a) By

b) To

c) For

d) In

Ans:- by

6- What are doing ………… coming Sunday?

a) In

b) On

c) From

d) To

Ans:- on

7- My car has a radio ………. A CD player.

a) But

b) Or

c) And

d) Yet

Ans:-and

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8- Nadia doesn’t like to drive, ………….. she takes the bus everywhere.

a) But

b) Yet

c) So

d) And

Ans:- so

9- What is kept on …………… shelf.

a) An

b) The

c) Of

d) A

Ans:- the

Short Answer Questions:-

1) A stranger has helped your grandfather and you want to appreciate him for the help extended by him. Write

any three lines to thank him.

Ans:- Thanks a lot!

Thanks! You helped my grandfather.

Thanks! I really appreciate you help.

2) What is sentence?

Ans:- A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

Ex- Ali is a student.

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Notes by:

Renu Madam

LPS,Jankipuram

CLASS X (CH.2-WEB APPLICATION – BASICS)

SESSION 1-

Fill in the blanks

1. The option in Microsoft Windows XP used for helping users with physical disabilities and to

reduce repetitive strain is sticky keys

2. Sound Sentry is designed to help users with auditory impairments.

3. The High Contrast option in Microsoft Windows XP is designed to assist people with

Vision impairments.

4. Serial keys is designed to assist people that have difficulty using a keyboard or

a mouse.

SESSION 2

Fill in the blanks:

1. The acronym for LAN is Local Area Network.

2. Three types of Wired Internet Connectivity are Dial -Up , DSL & Cable Internet Access.

3. Three types of Wireless Internet Connectivity are 3G , WI-MAX & Wi-Fi .

II. Answer the following:

1.What is the definition of networking?

Ans. A computer network is a collection of computers and other hardware components interconnected

by communication channels (cables or satellites) that allow sharing of resources and information.

2. What are the advantages of networking?

Ans. Some of the advantages of networking are:

• Data Sharing:.Users can send text files, spread sheets, documents, presentations, audio files, video files,etc.

to other users.

• Hardware Sharing: Hardware components such as printers, scanners, etc. can also be

shared. For example, instead of purchasing 10 printers for each user, one printer can be

purchased and shared among multiple users thus saving cost.

• Internet Access Sharing: We can purchase a single Internet connection and share it

among other computers in a network instead of purchasing multiple Internet connection for

each computer. This is very commonly found in Internet café (browsing centres), schools,

colleges, companies, etc.

• Usage of network based applications: Such as web browsers, email clients, chat application,

audio & video calling, etc is another advantage.

3. What are the different types of networking?

Ans. Different types of networking are-

a. Local Area Network 2.Widev area Network

4. Explain LAN and WAN.

Ans. Local Area Network

A local area network (LAN) is one which connects computers and devices in a limited geographical

area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of

buildings.Usually local area networks offer very high speeds and are used for connecting computers and

peripherals such as printers, scanners, etc.

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Wide Area Network

A wide area network (WAN) is one which covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links across

metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). The Internet is the most popular WAN, and is used

by businesses, governments, non-profit organizations, individual consumers, artists, entertainers,

and many others.

SESSION 3:

Fill in the blanks:

1.Instant messaging is a form of communication over the Internet that offers an instantaneous

transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver.

2. Microphone,Headphones & speakers& Web Camera are required for audio and video conferencing.

1. List any five application based instant messaging software

Ans.

• Google Talk

• Yahoo! Messenger

• Skype

• Windows Live Messenger

• Rediff Bol, etc.

• Web based instant messaging 2.What do you mean by instant messages?

Ans. instant messaging happens in real-time and the response from participants can be

spontaneous. Some instant messaging software allows users to view messages received when

they are not logged on. These are called “Offline Messages”.

Session 4. 1.State any 03 rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting on the Internet. Ans.There are some general rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting. They are almost the same as those that apply for emails. • Messages should be short and to the point. • Always introduce yourself by name if your screen name doesn’t reflect it. • Always ask if the other person has time to chat first - regardless of how important you think what you have to say is, it’s not going to be well received if the recipient is busy. • In a business environment, know exactly what you want to discuss.

2.What are the basic needs to use instant messaging (chat) softwares.

Ans. The basic needs to use instant messaging (chat) softwares are-

1.A computer system with internet connection.

2.A web browser

3.Account on messaging site.

Session 5

1.Explain the purpose of a blog.

Ans. A blog is a discussion style site used by non-technical (or technical users) users for creating

personal web pages. Blogs are similar to an online personal diary and simple to use.

You can use a blog to convey messages about events, announcements, news, reviews, etc. Blogs

are usually managed using a web browser and this requires active internet connection. You can

also use offline blog software to create content first and later publish the content when an active

internet connection is available.

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2.List any 5 websites that provide blog service.

www.WordPress.com

• www.blogger.com

• www.blog.com

• www.weebly.com

• www.blogsome.com

3.Difference between web page and website.

Website Webpage

A website or a site is a group of related web pages

hosted on a web server and are linked together and

share a common interface and design.

A webpage is any digital page /document hosted

on internt.

Session 6.

1.Explain the purpose of an offline blog editor.

Ans. The purpose of offline blog editor is that If we do not have an active internet connection, we can create

blogs using a blog application and

publish the blog whenever internet connectivity is available.

2.List any five offline blog editors.

Ans.

• Qumana

• Windows Live Writer

• Blogdesk

• MarsEdit

• Ecto

Session 7.

1.Explain the purpose of Online transactions.

Ans. Online transaction is very useful in our daily life.

It's very helpful when notes are changed.

It's helpful for online shopping.

It's useful to pay tax,lend,etc...

It's used to buy tickets online like movie tickets, rail tickets,bus tickets,etc..

2. List any five websites that allow online transactions.\

Ans. a. Flipkart

b. Amazon

c. IRCTC.Co.In

d. Snapdeal.com

e. Goibibo.com

3.List any three payment tools to use online transactions.

Ans. a.BHIM UPI b. Credit/Debit Card c. Internet banking

Session 8

1.Explain the purpose of Internet Security. Ans. Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the Internet. The Internet represents an insecure channel

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for exchanging information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as phishing.

2.Explain different kinds of online threats. Ans.Different online threats are-

1. Spamming: Spamming refers to the sending of bulk – mail by an identified or unidentified source.

2. .Viruses: Computer viruses are malicious codes/programs that cause damage to dataand files on a system.

Viruses acan attack any part of a computer’s software such as boot block, operating system , system areas

, files and application program macros.

3. Malware: Malware is a general term used to refer to viruses , worms ,spyware , adware etc.

4. Spyware:It is asoftware which is installed on your computer to spy on your activities and report this data

to people willing to pay for it.

5. Adware: These are the programs that deliver unwanted ads to your computer.

6. Trojan Horse:A Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless (such as a text editor or a utility

program) but actually performs malicious functions such as deleting or damaging files.

7. Sweeper: This is a malicious program used by crackers. It sweeps i.e . deletes all the data from the

system.

8. Worms:A worm is aself replicating program which eats up the entire disk space ormemory. It keeps on

creating its copies until the disk space is filled.

9. Denial of Services: This type of attack eats up all the resources of a system and the system or

applications come to a halt.

10. Password guessing: Most crackers crack or guess passwords of system accounts and gain entry into

remote computer systems and the they use it for causing damages in one or another form.

11. Phishing: It is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as

user names , passwords , credit cards information, account data etc. In phishing , an imposter uses an

authentic looking email or web-site to trick recipients into giving out personel information.

SESSION

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