Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Herausgeber/Editor

Jörg Frey (Zürich)

Mitherausgeber/Associate Editors

Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) ∙ James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg) ∙ Janet Spittler (Charlottesville, VA)

J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC)

446

Joel B. Green

Luke as Narrative TheologianTexts and Topics

Mohr Siebeck

Joel B. Green, born 1956; 1985 PhD University of Aberdeen; 1985–92 New College Berkeley; 1986–92 Academic Dean; 1992–97 American Baptist Seminary of the West and Graduate Theological Union; 1997–2007 Asbury Theological Seminary; Professor of New Testament Interpretation; 2002–2006 Vice President of Academic Affairs and Provost; 1999–2004 Dean, School of Theology; 2007–Present Fuller Theological Seminary; Professor of New Testament Interpretation; 2016–2018 Provost; 2014–2018 Dean, School of Theology; 2008–2016, 2018–Present Associate Dean for the Center for Advanced Theological Studies. orcid.org/0000-0003-3593-1676

ISBN 978-3-16-156550-2 / eISBN 978-3-16-156996-8 DOI 10.1628/ 978-3-16-156996-8

ISSN 0512-1604 / eISSN 2568-7476 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament)

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.

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Preface

One of the pivot-points in my life as a Neutestamentler was a letter I received, serendipitously, from Professor F. F. Bruce in 1987. I had recently completed my PhD, published my thesis in revised form with Mohr Siebeck, written a couple of popular-level books, but had not yet decided in what direction my academic path would next lead. Bruce wrote to inquire into my interest in writing the New International Commentary on the New Testament volume on Luke’s Gospel, and this helped to set my course.

I had on my shelf several linear feet of commentary on the Gospel of Luke, of course, so the foremost question confronting me was what more or else might possibly be said. This, together with my proximity to diverse scholars who, like myself at the time, found their home in Berkeley, California, invited my contem-plation of and experimentation with some of the methodological commitments that emerge in the chapters gathered here. I had begun my scholarly career as a garden-variety redaction critic, but my interests soon took me in other direc-tions: discourse theory, narratology, various forms of cultural criticism and con-textual hermeneutics, cognitive science, and so on. Along the way, I was helped by some of those diverse scholars, but also by my students, especially those early ones at New College Berkeley – graduate students whose interests in the Bible were untethered to ordination exams or sermon preparation, but (to change the metaphor) whose interests grew rather from the deep soil of their workaday lives as Christian disciples. Since then, I have had occasion to teach or present on the Gospel of Luke, the Acts of the Apostles, and Luke-Acts more times than I can count, and in a variety of settings, from summer family camps and adult education classes to postgraduate seminars and scholarly gatherings. Listening to the questions my audiences raised often pushed me for greater clarity and in new directions, and for this, and to them, I am grateful.

In most cases, the essays gathered here appear very much in the form in which they were originally published, with alterations introduced to achieve overall consistency of style and, in some cases, to correct small errors or to clarify expression. In a couple of cases (particularly chs. 1 and 10), I have introduced more significant revisions, however. Publication details are provided at the onset of each essay.

It remains for me to express my appreciation – to Fuller Theological Seminary, whose determined commitment to scholarly rigor and vibrant faith has provided

a welcome setting for living out my professorial vocation in recent years; and to Greg McKinzie who, with his keen editorial eye and indexing prowess, has pro-vided invaluable assistance in the preparation of this collection.

Feast of St. Luke 2018 Joel B. Green

PrefaceVI

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VAbbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII

Introductory Matters

1. Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts? A Reaffirmation of Narrative Unity . . . . . . 3

Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts: Canon, Reception History, and Authorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Markers of Narrative Unity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2. Rethinking “History” for Theological Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Historical Criticism and Theological Interpretation: Defining Terms . . . 25

Historical Inquiry against Theological Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

History as Narrative in Theological Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Texts

3. The Social Status of Mary in Luke 1:5–2:52: A Plea for Methodological Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Mary in “The Social World of Luke-Acts” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

The Portrayal of Mary in Luke 1:5–2:52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4. The Problem of a Beginning: Israel’s Scriptures in Luke 1–2 . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Luke 1:5–2:52 as the “Beginning” of Luke-Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

The Old Testament in Luke 1:5–2:52: Some Programmatic Observations 58

Echoes of Scripture in Luke 1:5–2:52: Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . 71

5. Jesus and a Daughter of Abraham (Luke 13:10–17): Test Case for a Lukan Perspective on Jesus’s Miracles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

The Unity of the Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Healing and Jesus’s Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Healing and Eschatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

6. A Cognitive Narratological Approach to the Characterization(s) of Zacchaeus (Luke 19:1–10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Labelling Zacchaeus, Mapping Zacchaeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

7. The Demise of the Temple as “Culture Center” in Luke-Acts: An Exploration of the Rending of the Temple Veil (Luke 23:44–49) . . . . 97

Luke 23:44–49: A Question of Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

The Temple and the Torn Veil in Luke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

8. “He Ascended into Heaven”: Jesus’s Ascension in Lukan Perspective, and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

From Cosmology to Theology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Ascension Theology: Reading Luke-Acts from the Second Century . . . . 125

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

9. “In Our Own Languages”: Pentecost, Babel, and the Shaping of Christian Community in Acts 2:1–13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

“Speaking in Other Languages” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

“Other Languages” and Social Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Table of ContentsVIII

“Other Languages,” Babel, and Identity Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

10. Neglecting Widows and Serving the Word? Acts 6:1–7 as a Test Case for the Promise of “Narrative” in Theological Exegesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Narrative, History, Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Acts 6:1–7: Two Historical Reconstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Acts 6:1–7: Theological Dilemma and Theological Response . . . . . . . . . 154

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

11. “They Made a Calf”: Idolatry and Temple in Acts 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Stephen Indicted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

The Role of the Calf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

12. “She and Her Household Were Baptized”: Household Baptism in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 10:1–11:18 and 16:11–40) . . . . . . . . . . 170

Household Baptism: Introductory Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

The Baptism of Cornelius and His Household (Acts 10:1–11:18) . . . . . . 173

Household Baptisms in Philippi (Acts 16:11–40) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Topics

13. Conversion in Luke-Acts: God’s Prevenience, Human Embodiment . . 189

Conversion and the Turn of the Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Conversion as Journey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Baptism, Conversion, Forgiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Conversion Embodied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Table of Contents IX

14. Good News to the Poor: A Lukan Leitmotif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

The Centrality of “the Poor” to Luke’s Gospel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Good News to Whom? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Finding a Home in Luke’s Gospel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

15. “Was It Not Necessary for the Messiah to Suffer These Things and Enter into His Glory?”: The Significance of Jesus’s Death for Luke’s Soteriology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Salvation and Jesus’s Exaltation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Salvation and Jesus’s Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Jesus and Isaiah’s Servant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

16. “We Had to Celebrate and Rejoice!”: Happiness in the Topsy-Turvy World of Luke-Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

A Different Kind of Happiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Joyous Advent (Luke 1–2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Earthly Unhappiness – Heavenly Happiness (Luke 15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Happy Dispositions (Luke 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

17. From “John’s Baptism” to “Baptism in the Name of the Lord Jesus”: The Significance of Baptism in Luke-Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Discourse Theory and Some Interpretive Landmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

The Archetypal Role of John’s Baptism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Baptism: John’s and Jesus’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

18. “Salvation to the End of the Earth”: God as Savior in the Acts of the Apostles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

“My Witnesses” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Table of ContentsX

“The Message of This Salvation” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

“God Has Brought a Savior” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

“What Must I Do to Be Saved?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

“You and Your Entire Household Will Be Saved” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

19. “Persevering Together in Prayer”: The Significance of Prayer in the Acts of the Apostles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

The Early Church as a People of Prayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Major Categories of Prayer in the Early Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Jesus on Prayer – The Disciples at Prayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Epilogue: The Practice of Prayer and the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

20. “Witnesses of His Resurrection”: Resurrection, Salvation, Discipleship, and Mission in the Acts of the Apostles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

“To This We Are Witnesses”: The “Truth” of the Resurrection . . . . . . . . 300

“God Exalted Him … as Leader and Savior”: Resurrection and Salvation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

“But God Raised Him Up”: Resurrection, the Paradox of Salvation, and Christology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

“Testimony to the Resurrection”: Resurrection, Discipleship, and Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

“Why Is It Thought Incredible by Any of You That God Raises the Dead?”: Resurrection as Hope and Scandal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Scripture Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Table of Contents XI

Abbreviations

Unless noted below, abbreviations follow The SBL Handbook of Style for Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, 2nd ed. (Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014).

AACFSTT Annales Academiae scientiarum Fennicae: Suomalainen Tiede akatemia Toimituksia

AMT: BBB Athenaums Monografien: Theologie, Bonner Biblische BeiträgeAS Advances in SemioticsBC Beginnings of ChristianityBTCB Brazos Theological Commentary on the BibleCCJCW Cambridge Commentaries on Writings of the Jewish and Christian

World 200 BC to AD 200CEB Common English BibleCOQG Christian Origins and the Question of GodCSS Cistercian Studies SeriesCSLILN Center for the Study of Language and Information Lecture NotesCTL Cambridge Textbooks in LinguisticsDBM Deltion Biblikon MeletonDJG Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Edited by Joel B. Green and Scot

McKnight. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992.DJG2 Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Edited by Joel B. Green. 2nd ed.

Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2013.DTIB Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible. Edited by Kevin

J. Vanhoozer. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005.EDEJ The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism. Edited by John J. Collins and

Daniel C. Harlow. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010.ETSMS Evangelical Theological Society Monograph SeriesGBT Gender and the Biblical TraditionGNS Good News StudiesGTS Gettysburg Theological StudiesIC Ideas in ContextIJST International Journal of Systematic TheologyILLS Interface Series: Language in Literary StudiesInt InterpretationJGES Journal of the Grace Evangelical SocietyJLSM Janua Linguarum: Series MaiorJPT Journal of Pentecostal TheologyJPTSup Journal of Pentecostal Theology Supplement SeriesJTI Journal of Theological InterpretationLII Luke the Interpreter of Israel

LJS Life of Jesus SeriesLS Language in SocietyMar MarianumMNTS McMaster New Testament StudiesMS Mission StudiesNAB New American Bible (2011)NC Narrative CommentariesNCB New Century BibleNDBT New Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Edited by T. D. Alexander and Brian

S. Rosner. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000.NES Near Eastern StudiesNETS A New English Translation of the Septuagint. Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 2007.NRSV New Revised Standard VersionNSBT New Studies in Biblical TheologyNTC The New Testament in ContextNTT New Testament TheologyOCD3 Oxford Classical Dictionary. Edited by Simon Hornblower and Antony

Spawforth. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.PBM Paternoster Biblical MonographsPRCS Parallax Re-visions of Culture and SocietyRSV Revised Standard VersionSBET Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical TheologySBLAB Society of Biblical Literature Academia BiblicaSBLSymS Society of Biblical Literature Symposium SeriesSE Studia EvangelicaSH Scripture and HermeneuticsSHJ Studying the Historical JesusSHM Studies in the History of MissionsSHT Studies in Historical TheologySKP Studien zur Klassischen PhilologieSS Studies in ScriptureSSG Studies in the Synoptic GospelsST Studia TheologicaTECC Theological Explorations for the Church CatholicTEH Theologische Existenz heuteTI Theological InquiriesTME The Making of EuropeTNIV Today’s New International VersionTW Theologie und WirklichkeitVEcc Verbum et EcclesiaWLQ Wisconsin Lutheran QuarterlyWM World of ManWSTR Walberger Studien, Theologische ReiheZSNT Zacchaeus Studies New Testament

AbbreviationsXIV

Introductory Matters

1

Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts? A Reaffirmation of Narrative Unity *

Almost two decades have passed since the publication of Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts.1 In the pages of this slim volume, Mikeal Parsons and Richard Pervo set off a fireworks show, the afterglow of which has proven to be surpris-ingly long-lived. I say “fireworks” because this book is characterized more by question-raising and thought experiments than by thoroughgoing argumenta-tion, with the result that it is surprising that it has achieved the landmark status it now enjoys among some NT scholars.

Responses to Parsons and Pervo have been legion, and these have been am-ply summarized in recent analytical surveys of the ensuing conversation.2 In a certain sense, then, their call for serious attention to issues of unity served well to press Lukan scholars to make explicit the working knowledge many had shared since Cadbury fixed the hyphen between “Luke” and “Acts” in the 1920s.3 Although the bulk of their discussion centered on generic, narrative, and theo-logical unity, contemporary discussion has reintroduced the issue of common authorship, which they took for granted, and the closely related questions of canonical placement and reception history. In this essay, I want to discuss these present issues as a precursor to commenting on the narrative unity of Luke-Acts.

* Much of this essay was originally published as Joel B. Green, “Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts? A Reaffirmation of Narrative Unity,” in Reading Acts Today: Essays in Honor of Loveday C. A. Alexander, ed. Steve Walton, Thomas E. Phillips, Lloyd Keith Pietersen, and F. Scott Spen-cer, LNTS 427 (London: T&T Clark [an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.], 2011), 101–19. The final section, “Rethinking the Unity of Luke-Acts,” has been augmented. Adapted and used with permission.

1 Mikeal C. Parsons and Richard I. Pervo, Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993).

2 See Patrick E. Spencer, “The Unity of Luke-Acts: A Four-Bolted Hermeneutical Hinge,” CBR 5 (2007): 341–66; Michael F. Bird, “The Unity of Luke-Acts in Recent Discussion,” JSNT 29 (2007): 425–48.

3 “They are not merely two independent writings from the same pen; they are a single con-tinuous work” (Henry J. Cadbury, The Making of Luke-Acts, 2nd ed., with a new introduction by Paul N. Anderson [Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1999], 8–9; originally published in 1927).

Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts : Canon, Reception History, and Authorship

Each in their own way, Robert Wall, C. Kavin Rowe, and Patricia Walters have reanimated interest in the relationship of Luke’s Gospel and the book of Acts and, in some circles at least, begun to reinvigorate a negative assessment of the unity of Luke-Acts.

Robert Wall and the Canonical Placement of Acts

In the twentieth century, study of Luke’s Gospel, for the most part, focused on the Gospel itself or on the Gospel in its relationship to Acts, without primary reference to its canonical location. Redaction criticism located Luke’s Gospel in relation to the other Synoptic Gospels but pressed backward, behind the text, to presumed literary relations between or among the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke; or to their purported sources, whether literary (Q? L? A Lukan passion source?) or oral; and not to their canonical juxtaposition. Luke’s Gospel has also been read in relation to the book of Acts, an approach that allocated little if any significance to the plain fact that Luke and Acts do not appear side-by-side in the biblical canon. Not without good reason, then, Parsons and Pervo spoke of “canonical disunity” in their complaint regarding scholarly imprecision in claims to the unity of Luke and Acts, and Robert Wall has urged that, from a canonical perspective, Acts must be read in relation to the fourfold Gospel (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) on the one hand, the epistolary collections on the other.4

The 2002 publication of Robert Wall’s commentary on Acts in The New Inter-preter’s Bible was a welcome achievement, not least because of Wall’s well-known and longstanding commitment to a canonical approach to engaging biblical texts. Reflecting on this commentary, though, I am puzzled at the status Wall grants to the work of Parsons and Pervo’s book, a status that allows Wall to proceed along his own canon-critical course, having set aside without additional comment the narrative, generic, or theological unity of Luke’s two volumes. As I have already suggested, Parsons and Pervo fired a warning shot across the bow of scholarship that presumed the unity of Luke and Acts, but they hardly sunk the ship. Never-theless, referring to their work as “a fresh introduction to a vexing issue of Lukan scholarship,”5 Wall operates as though Parsons and Pervo had fully cleared the way for his own undertaking. True, Wall seems to affirm “the narrative unity between the Gospel and Acts,”6 but, like Parsons and Pervo, he never defines

4 E. g., Robert W. Wall, “The Acts of the Apostles in Canonical Context,” in The New Tes-tament as Canon: A Reader in Canonical Criticism, by Robert W. Wall and Eugene E. Lemcio, JSNTSup 76 (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992), 110–28; idem, “The Acts of the Apostles: Introduc-tion, Commentary, and Reflections,” in NIB 10:1–368.

5 Wall, “Commentary,” 34.6 Wall, “Commentary,” 8.

1 Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts?4

“narrative” and so charts a course for reading Acts quite apart from the contri-bution that the Third Gospel might make to that enterprise. The possibility of theological unity is not really considered. Nor does the issue of genre come in for nuanced consideration. This is unfortunate, since these three – theology, nar-rative, and genre – are closely related in a text like the one under consideration. After all, if, following Aristotle, “narrative” is characterized by its telos, and if narrative is further characterized by its orientation around a single narrative aim, then one might wonder how Wall can simply claim that Luke’s Gospel concerns “the life story of the Savior from conception to ascension” whereas Acts “sketches the origins of a religious movement.”7 (This is especially true since the origins of this particular religious movement are, according to Acts, explicitly tied to the particularly Lukan account of Jesus’s life and mission; see below.) If Luke and Acts comprise the ongoing narration of the actualization of God’s purpose (βουλή) among his people, then the narrative aim of Luke’s Gospel is really a divine aim – and “the story of the Savior” must account for the reality that, for Luke, the identification of Jesus as Savior must somehow be correlated with the identification of God as Savior (Luke 1:47; 2:11; Acts 5:31; 13:23; cf. Luke 1:69); the theology of Luke and Acts read together, as Luke-Acts, must be examined for its coherence and development; and the easy segregation of Luke and Acts on generic grounds is problematized.8

Of course, it may be that Wall would prefer simply to adopt a reading strategy focused on the canonical placement of the book of Acts between the fourfold Gospel canon and the epistolary collection. This would be a useful move, but I would have hoped he would do so by naming and pursuing relentlessly his own reading strategy, rather than by dismissing other reading strategies on the basis of otherwise unwarranted claims.

The interpretive issues at stake here should not be minimized. Let me give two examples. First, forty years ago, James D. G. Dunn complained that Pentecostals based their presumption of a second experience of the Spirit, subsequent to and distinct from the new birth, on a problematic hermeneutic when they read Acts 2 as the “second experience” subsequent to the “first experience” in John 20:22. “This appeal to John’s Gospel raises a basic methodological issue: Are we to approach the New Testament material as systematic theologians or as biblical theologians and exegetes?”9 One might take issue with Dunn’s characterization of systematic theologians, but the point is clear enough. Can we simply flatten these

7 Wall, “Commentary,” 12.8 Thomas E. Phillips documents ways scholars have navigated the generic unity of Luke-

Acts, especially in terms of history/writing, in his essay, “The Genre of Acts: Moving Toward a Consensus?” CBR 4 (2006): 365–96.

9 James D. G. Dunn, Baptism in the Holy Spirit: A Re-examination of the New Testament Teaching on the Gift of the Spirit in Relation to Pentecostalism Today (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1970), 39.

Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts 5

narratives so as to allow us to move easily from John to Acts as though the one were self-evidently the continuation of the other? Note, however, Wall’s apparent claim that Acts provides a sequel better suited to John’s Gospel than to Luke’s:

The importance of retaining the final shape of the New Testament rather than combining Luke and Acts as a single narrative is indicated by the significant roles performed by Peter and the Holy Spirit in Acts where Jesus is absent – roles for which Luke’s Gospel does not adequately prepare the reader of Acts. Peter’s rehabilitation at the end of John (John 21:15–17) as well as the teaching about the Spirit’s post-Easter role by John’s Jesus (John 14–16) signify the important role that John’s Gospel performs in preparing the reader for the story of Acts.10

In response to this line of thinking, we might inquire on what basis Luke’s own preparation for Peter’s status in Acts (see Luke 22:28–32) and the coming of the Spirit (Luke 3:16; 11:13; 24:49) are pronounced unsatisfactory.

To take another example, what are we to make of the way Wall’s canonical per-spective leads him to a reading of Acts that establishes the authority and divine legitimization of the apostles? This is necessary, we discover, because Acts au-thorizes these early church “pillars” (Gal 2:9) so as to pave the way for canonical readers to heed their voices in the NT epistolary collections. Accordingly, this ca-nonical perspective leads to a reading of Acts according to an interpretive frame in league with the self-legitimation of the church qua institution. A canonical reading thus seems necessarily tied to an authorizing of ecclesial leadership. It is worth recalling, though, that “legitimacy” cuts two ways. It authorizes the status of an institution, leader, or position, but it also sets limits on the exercise of that authority. Without denying the importance of canon, I wonder what would hap-pen if we were to read the narrative of Acts in these terms, in that other sense of canon – that is, as a narrative that takes the measure of the church that sees itself in continuity with the ancient purpose of God as this is recounted in Luke-Acts.

What if Acts were read first not as an authorization of Peter, Paul, and the rest, but more basically, and essentially, so as to underscore the legitimating role of God’s word? In this case, the apostolic “pillars” would enjoy divine authorization insofar as their words and practices were congruent with the gospel. In fact, it is arguable that the repetition of a key phrase in the narrative of Acts, namely, “God’s word grew,” provides Acts with a structure and focus that give definition to the gospel that the church and its authorized persons and structures serve. This phrase appears in Acts 6:7, 12:24, and 19:20, each time marking the cessation of opposition, signaling the advance of the missionary movement in the midst of persecution, and anticipating the next major development in the narrative. Tak-ing the reiteration of the word’s progress seriously with reference to the book’s structure brings focus to key phases of the narrative – the mission in Jerusalem (1:15–6:7), expansion from Jerusalem to Antioch (6:8–12:25), expansion from

10 Wall, “Commentary,” 30.

1 Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts?6

Antioch to Asia and Europe (13:1–19:20), and finally the journeys of Paul the missionary prisoner (19:21–28:31) – and underscores Luke’s thematic develop-ment of the “word of salvation.” Not coincidently, it also takes seriously Luke’s fundamental concern with the effects of the word – that is, its germinal role in the production and growth of God’s people, a status grounded in Jesus’s message in Luke’s Gospel (8:4–15).

If this other, canonical perspective were taken seriously, then we would see that the resolution of conflict within the community of goods, as Wall describes Acts 6:1–7, was not focused on “the problem of supply and demand that growth has created”;11 nor does the successful resolution of the problem signal “the next triumph of [the apostles’] leadership.”12 Recalling that those who were being neglected in the daily distribution of the food were widows, recalling the place of widows both in Israel’s Scriptures and in Luke’s Gospel, and recalling that, everything else being equal, the rules of probability would have it that both Hel-lenistic Jewish Christian widows and Hebraic Jewish Christian widows would have suffered neglect, it seems reductionistic to suggest that the problem here is practical. It is, rather, profoundly theological. Or, to turn Peter’s words against him, is it possible to serve the word and neglect widows? Far from celebrating apostolic leadership, this scene dismantles their authority with the result that the pioneers of the mission “to the end of the earth” are not the Jerusalem apostles but The Seven.13

Wall has succeeded in identifying canonical placement as an important in-terpretive context, but the terms of the discussion should not be narrowed too quickly. Other factors merit consideration in a decision whether Luke and Acts ought to be read, as Christian Scripture, as Luke and Acts or as Luke-Acts. If, as I shall demonstrate below, Acts itself invites a reading strategy that ties the narrative of Acts back into Luke’s Gospel, with Acts as a deliberate narratival continuation of Luke, then does this not suggest an important interpretive con-straint for making sense of Acts?

C. Kavin Rowe and the Reception History of Luke

In two recent essays, C. Kavin Rowe calls into question the view that contempo-rary interpretation of Luke and Acts as a continuous work, Luke-Acts, is modeled on the way Luke and Acts were read historically.14 Earlier, Andrew Gregory had demonstrated that the unity of Luke-Acts is a modern construct, that there is

11 Wall, “Commentary,” 110.12 Wall, “Commentary,” 115.13 See, more fully, Joel B. Green, Practicing Theological Interpretation, TECC (Grand Rapids:

Baker Academic, 2011), esp. 48–69 (see ch. 10, below).14 C. Kavin Rowe, “History, Hermeneutics and the Unity of Luke-Acts,” JSNT 28 (2005):

131–57; idem, “Literary Unity and Reception History: Reading Luke-Acts as Luke and Acts,” JSNT 29 (2007): 449–57.

Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts 7

little evidence to suggest that these two books were read together.15 Rowe takes this argument further, denying that we have any evidence whatsoever that Luke and Acts were read early on as a single, unified literary whole. He summarizes the situation as follows: “No ancient author exhibits a hermeneutical practice that is founded upon the reading of Luke-Acts as one work in two volumes; no ancient author argues that Luke and Acts should be read together as one work in two volumes; and, there is not a single New Testament manuscript that contains the unity of Luke-Acts or even hints at this unity by placing Acts directly next to the Gospel of Luke.”16

Although Rowe’s argument is not without its problems, even if we were to take it at face value, its ramifications for our interest in the unity of Luke-Acts would be far from clear. As Rowe himself admits, how these two books were received in the early church in no way constrains the range of ways in which they might now be read.

We can push further. For example, Rowe insists that the guild of NT studies shares an almost unquestioned assumption, that to read Luke-Acts together is to interpret this literary unity historically. I offer two observations here. First, surprisingly, he provides no grounds for this claim, so we are left to wonder how he reached this determination. Indeed, second, such a claim would not at all be representative of persons who read Luke-Acts as a unity on narratological grounds. Moreover, as Luke Timothy Johnson has observed, we have no evidence of how Luke and Acts were received by their first audiences, and only minimal evidence of how they were read in the second century – facts that mitigate the significance of reception history for addressing the question of the literary unity of Luke-Acts.17 Johnson voices the additional concern that the question put to the evidence is problematic due to its anachronism. On what basis might one query whether Luke and Acts were read as a single literary composition when we have little evidence that any NT writings were read early on as “literary compo-sitions”? Rather than depend on reception history, then, Johnson advises that we account for the composition’s own “rhetorical intentionality”: “To put it simply, the way the composition itself is put together suggests readers with certain char-acteristics and capabilities. Analysis of the composition’s rhetorical or narrative logic also reveals not only the writing’s argument but also something about the direction in which that argument wishes to turn its intended readers.”18 This does

15 Andrew Gregory, The Reception of Luke and Acts in the Period before Irenaeus: Looking for Luke in the Second Century, WUNT 2/169 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003); cf. idem, “Looking for Luke in the Second Century: A Dialogue with François Bovon,” in Reading Luke: Interpreta-tion, Reflection, Formation, ed. Craig G. Bartholomew, Joel B. Green, and Anthony C. Thiselton, SH 6 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005), 401–13.

16 Rowe, “Literary Unity,” 451.17 Luke Timothy Johnson, “Literary Criticism of Luke-Acts: Is Reception-History Pertinent?,”

JSNT 28 (2005): 159–62.18 Johnson, “Literary Criticism,” 160.

1 Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts?8

not signal Johnson’s interest in the failed experiment of reconstructing an alleged “Lukan community,”19 but seems more akin to Peter Rabinowitz’s notion of an “authorial audience” – that is, the readers who can be discovered by looking at the text in terms of the literary-historical context within which it arose.20 How the early church might have received Luke and Acts, then, is not necessarily a reliable barometer of the narrative’s own intentionality.

In point of fact, this problem with reception history is not limited to the sec-ond century, at least not in the case of Luke-Acts, since what indications we have suggest that, for centuries, Luke was read less as a literary composition and more as a library of episodes from which favorites might be borrowed. Luke’s stories of the birth of Jesus or the Emmaus encounter are cases in point, but one could also point to the parables of the Good Samaritan or the Prodigal Son – all texts typically sundered from their narrative service within the Third Gospel. If we search for early commentaries on Luke’s Gospel, we find only four collections of homilies – those of Origen, Ambrose of Milan, Cyril of Alexandria, and the Venerable Bede – a small number when compared to commentary on Matthew and John.21 Early tendencies toward harmonization blossomed in Tatian’s Dia-tessaron, an effort that remained influential into the fifth century. And they have continued to blossom. In the early eighth century, for example, Bede participated in this enterprise, producing homilies on Gospel texts, working as though each narrative was cut from the same cloth as the other, without attending to the particular perspective of any single evangelist.22 In the sixteenth century, Calvin departed from his own practice of commenting on each of the biblical books when he produced a Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Whether in the nineteenth century or the twenty-first, those engaged in the quest for the historical Jesus bypass the narrative character of the individual Gospels in order to provide their own accounts of what they take to be true of Jesus. In short, the history of interpretation of Luke’s Gospel serves to underscore Johnson’s concern that the nature of Luke-Acts as a literary compo-sition might be assessed on the basis of interpretive practices that generally do not account for its literary nature.

It will be clear that I have little confidence in the potential contribution of reception history for informing us how Luke and Acts were intended to be read,

19 See Luke Timothy Johnson, “On Finding the Lukan Community,” in SBLSP (1979), 87–100; cf. Stephen C. Barton, “Can We Identify the Gospel Audiences?,” in The Gospels for All Christians: Rethinking the Gospel Audiences, ed. Richard J. Bauckham (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998), 173–94 (esp. 186–93).

20 Peter J. Rabinowitz, Before Reading: Narrative Conventions and the Politics of Interpretation (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987).

21 Cf. Arthur A. Just Jr., ed., Luke, ACCS 3 (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), xvii–xxvi.

22 The Venerable Bede, Homilies on the Gospels, 2 vols., CSS 110–111 (Kalamazoo, MI: Cis-tercian, 1991).

Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts 9

how they were received by their first readers, or how they might faithfully be read. Reception history does give us a sense of how Luke and Acts, or Luke-Acts, has been and might still be read, but is only minimally relevant to the question of the unity of Luke’s work.

Patricia Walters and Authorial Unity

Challenges to the common authorship of Luke and Acts have surfaced before, but Lukan scholarship has moved forward with hardly a side glance at the issue. Questions have centered on the identity of the historical author, not on whether Luke and Acts were authored by the same person. Indeed, Parsons and Pervo devoted no more than two sentences to the question.23 Scholarly nonchalance on this issue is likely to change as a result of the 2009 publication of Patricia Walters’s dissertation, The Assumed Authorial Unity of Luke and Acts.24

In a remarkably well-structured study, Walters urges on statistical grounds that we no longer attribute Luke and Acts to a common author. Her research design is as follows: (1) Avoiding texts that might be attributed to the sources of Luke and Acts, she identifies material within both books that scholars have identified as deriving from the hand of the author, namely, the seams and summaries of the two books. (2) Assuming that the author(s) of Luke and Acts would have been influenced stylistically by the prose compositional conventions familiar to those who learned to write Hellenistic Greek, she surveys the works of ancient literary critics (Aristotle, Demetrius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Longinus) to identify compositional elements whose patterns might be analyzed in the seams and summaries of Luke and Acts. These include euphony (i. e., hiatus and dissonance patterns), rhythm, and sentence structure. (3) She investigates the presence or absence of these conventions in the seams and summaries of Luke and Acts, determines the characteristic style of the seams and summaries of each book, then evaluates whether the differences in the style between the two books are statistically significant. She concludes: “Because the patterns in one book’s seams and summaries do not repeat the compositional preferences found in the other book – a set of circumstances one reasonably expects in the case of single authorship – it is confirmed with a high degree of confidence and beyond reasonable doubt that the compositional elements analyzed herein actually dif-ferentiate Luke and Acts.”25 From here, Walters goes on to argue that the theory

23 Parsons and Pervo, Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts, 7–8.24 Patricia Walters, The Assumed Authorial Unity of Luke and Acts: A Reassessment of the

Evidence, SNTSMS 145 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009). Walters ably surveys previous discussion related to authorial unity on pp. 24–35. For what follows, see Joel B. Green, review of Patricia Walters, The Assumed Authorial Unity of Luke and Acts: A Reassessment of the Evidence, Review of Biblical Literature [http://www.bookreviews.org] (2009), <http://www.bookreviews. org/pdf/7084_7695.pdf>.

25 Walters, Unity, 191.

1 Luke-Acts, or Luke and Acts?10

Scripture Index

Genesis1:26 1421:28 1429:1 1429:7 14210–11 14010:32 14211–21 59, 61, 65–67, 72–7311 142–4511:1 140–41, 14311:3 14011:4 140, 14211:7 134, 140, 14211:9 134, 14011:30 46, 5912:2 59, 6812:3 5914:1 6014:19 5914:20 6015:1 6015:5 5915:13–14 59–6015:16 46, 6015:18–21 5916:1 46, 6016:4 4616:7–13 6216:11– 12 6016:11 5117:1–21 6217:1 46, 60, 6517:2 5917:4–8 59–60, 6317:4 6617:12 6117:16 60–61, 6317:17 46, 6117:19 61

17:22 6118:1–15 6218:3–5 6118:11–12 46, 61, 6518:14 61, 6518:19 6021:2 6121:4 6121:6 6120:7 6121:8 6121:20 6122:17–18 6622:17 6026:5 6026:24 4927–43 6728:15 4929:31–30:24 23829:32 4630:1 4630:13 23730:22–23 4649:25 237

Exodus3:1–4:16 623:15 497:3 16113:2 5813:12 5813:15 5815 137, 19217 19217:1–7 19218:7 5019 19219:5 27620:9 81

20:15 21122:22 15528–29 4528:1 4529:9 4532:1 16432:25–35 16533:3 16533:5 16534:9 16534:29–35 162

Leviticus5:11 588–10 4510:9 5812:8 5814–15 25318:3 19926:1 16626:30 166

Numbers6:3 5814:32–33 19318 4519 17527:14 193

Deuteronomy4:28 1665:13 816:22 16110:18 15513 22917:8 16618 22921:22– 23 27723:1 30526:7 5126:8 16127:15 16632:5 137, 27033:3 276

Judges5 1375:24 51

6:11–24 626:11–18 496:14 6413:3–21 6413:3–20 62

1 Samuel1:11 512 1379:16 5110:19 266

2 Samuel7:9 687:12–16 67

1 Kings2:10 1373:3 1998:15–53 1668:27 10813:2 6319:1–19a 62

2 Kings2 1252:1–18 1242:16 12519:18 166

1 Chronicles22:9–10 6325:1 135

2 Chronicles32:19 166

Psalms2:7 30216 225, 273, 30316:8–11 137, 30216:10 301–219 12624 12647 12666 19968 126, 19968:5 156

318 Scripture Index

68:17–18 12874 19977 19980 199105 199106:2 137110 126, 225, 273, 303110:1 137, 302115:4 166132:11 137135:9 161135:15 166145:4 137145:12 137146:9 156

Isaiah1:1 1901:16–17 204, 2532:18 1666 627:10–17 647:14–17 638:9 159, 26210:11 16611:16 19912–13 20519:1 16621:9 16625:6–9 24025:9 24026:7 20031:7 16632:15 13733:15 20035 193, 20035:4–5 20535:8–9 20037:19 16640–55 19440 111, 194–96, 198–200, 20540:1–11 19540:1–9 20640:1–2 20540:1 19440:2 20540:3–5 194–95, 198, 20040:3 190, 193, 196, 200

40:4 195, 198, 200, 21640:5 198, 20540:5a 19540:5b 19540:6–11 19540:9–10 19440:9 19540:10–11 19440:10 19640:11 19441:17–20 19442:13 19442:16 20043:14–21 19243:19–21 19443:19 19443:21 27643:25–44:3 20544:5 19444:26 19445:13 194, 20045:15 26645:21 26645:22 159, 26246:6 16648:17 19448:20–21 19248:20 159, 26249:6 159, 206, 231, 26249:9–10 19449:9 19449:10–11 19449:24–25 19451:5 20651:9–16 19451:9–11 19951:17 20551:60 20651:62 20652:1–10 19452:3–15 19952:11–12 19452:13–53:12 226, 228, 23152:13 23153 222, 228, 232, 30653:4 22853:5 22853:6 231

319Scripture Index

53:6b 22853:7–8 231, 30653:7 23153:10b 22853:11 23153:11b 22853:12 228, 23154:11–12 19454:13 19455:1–2 24055:3 30255:12–13 19456 20556:7 108, 11157:14–21 20057:19 137, 26958:3–9 29759:14 20061:1–2 21162:10–11 15962:11 26265:13–14 24066:1 121, 164

Jeremiah1:1–4 1901:4–12 621:7–10 644:14 123, 26614:12 29731:31–34 123, 205, 26633:4–11 205

Lamentations4:22 204

Ezekiel1:1–3 1905:5 13913:9 13513:19 13520:33–44 19334 9534:1–5 9534:11 9534:15–16 9536:24–26 20536:25–28 204

36:33 20537:21–23 205

Daniel5:4 1665:23 1666:28 1667–10 67

Hosea1:1 1902:14–23 193

Joel1:1 1902 2732:21 492:28–32 137, 225, 3032:30–31 992:30 992:32 111, 263, 281, 2923:4 99

Amos13 190

Jonah1:1 190

Micah1:1 1904:7–5:5 675:11 1356:8 199

Zephaniah1:1 1903:14–17 673:14–15 49

Haggai1:1 190

Zechariah1:1 1901:7 2407:5–6 2979:9 49

320 Scripture Index

10:2 13513:1 253

Tobit12:15 13112:19 131

Judith13:18 518:18 166

Wisdom4:30 2665:11 30113:10 16614:8 166

Sirach8:8–16 19313:19 19351:1 266

1 Maccabees3:5 514:30 2665:15 47

2 Maccabees1:11 2661:25 2662:17–18 2667:1–42 123, 2667:8 1448:27–29 123, 2668:27 2667:8 1577:21 144, 1577:27 14412:37 144, 15715:29 144, 157

Bel and the Dragon1:5

Matthew1:18–2:23 581:20–21 62, 643:3 194

4:15 1385 2455:3–12 24419:21 21219:24 21220:28 232

Mark1:1–3 1941:2–3 1111:21–28 763:1–6 7510:21 21210:25 21210:45 226, 232, 27511:17 11112:41–44 21214:24 27514:57–58 9915:33 10015:34 10015:35–36 10015:37–39 10515:38–39 10516:19 115

Luke1–21 2301–2 16, 17, 48, 53, 59, 66–67, 71,

205, 234–35, 237, 247, 2671 197, 237, 2701:1 561:1–4 531:5–2:52 44, 52–55, 57–59, 61, 64,

65–68, 70–73, 252, 2631:5–2:40 541:5–13 19, 69, 701:5–10 621:5–7 46, 2391:5–6 451:5 42, 60, 2361:6 16, 42, 46, 60, 65, 1991:7 46, 59–61, 651:8–23 108, 111, 167, 174, 2861:8–10 1091:8–9 2891:8 16, 171:9 108

321Scripture Index

1:10 14, 691:11–20 62, 691:11 17, 60, 621:13–17 641:13 60–611:13b–17 621:13b 621:13d 621:13e 621:12 621:14 17, 69, 93, 2371:15–22 711:15–17 631:15 59, 68–69, 1931:15b 581:16 111, 197–981:17 78, 195, 1971:18–23 1081:18 61, 63, 651:19–20 631:20 17, 51, 56, 63, 1001:21–25 631:21 1341:23 561:24–25 3041:24 611:25 46, 51, 61, 2371:26–38 17, 69, 2381:26–37 621:26–33 671:26–28 621:26–27 45, 48, 621:26 461:27 42, 69, 2391:28–38 481:28 48, 51, 621:29 19, 48, 62, 69–701:30–33 62, 641:30 48–49, 51, 60, 62, 691:31–32 601:31 611:31a 621:31b 621:32–33 60, 63, 671:32 59–60, 68, 130, 3071:34 47, 63, 691:34bc 631:35–37 63

1:35 17, 19, 60, 69, 130, 3071:35b–37 631:36 42, 481:37 61, 651:38 61, 63, 691:39–56 501:39 19, 69–701:40 501:41–52 541:41–45 1371:41–42 2381:41 19, 50, 59, 69, 701:43 51, 1961:44 501:45 51, 59, 238, 2451:46–55 78, 137, 238, 244, 266, 3101:46 691:47–48 2391:47 5, 49, 263, 2671:48 49, 51, 61, 2451:48b 521:49 1371:51–53 215, 2361:52–53 130, 191, 195, 212, 244, 3041:52 20, 21, 89, 3061:53 20, 90, 2451:54–55 81, 95, 2361:55 59, 60, 651:56 691:57 56, 611:58 61, 2371:59 611:63 1341:67–79 18, 1371:67 61, 69, 137, 2361:68–79 204, 2691:69–70 2671:69 5, 2631:71 20, 236, 263, 2701:72–73 601:73 59, 651:74–75 2361:74 20, 60, 2701:76 60, 130, 1931:77 204, 2671:78–79 2801:79 20, 2021:80 61, 191, 193

322 Scripture Index

2:1–20 2652:1–14 672:1–7 2362:1 2362:4 42, 2392:5 51, 692:6 562:8 622:9–14 17, 692:9–12 622:9a 622:9b 622:10–14 2362:10–11 62, 64, 237, 2472:10 932:11 5, 63, 196, 263, 267, 274, 3042:12–14 632:12 632:14 2062:15–18 632:15 64, 782:16 51, 692:18 1342:19 44, 69, 2382:20 1012:21 56, 612:22–24 52, 66, 108, 167, 1742:22–23 1622:22 562:23 58, 2742:24b 582:25–32 1112:25–27 167, 2392:25 16, 46, 59, 69, 140, 2352:26 692:27–32 2862:27 692:30–32 17, 104, 1372:30 2632:31–32 2062:32 2312:33–34 512:34–35a 3132:34 59, 69, 134, 1952:36–38 108, 111, 156, 167, 174, 286,

2942:36–37 46, 167, 2392:37 17, 69, 110

2:38 16, 69, 102, 2352:40 56, 612:42–47 2192:46–47 108, 1102:46 111, 1772:47 1342:48 512:49 107–82:51 2382:51b 442:52 613 206, 209, 249, 251, 254, 2563:1–20 190, 251, 253, 2803:1–18 1953:1–14 190, 195, 210, 2813:1–2 190, 193, 1943:1–2a 1943:1 190, 2363:2 893:2a 1913:2b 1913:3 192, 195, 204, 206, 2723:3a 1913:3–6 1983:4–6 111, 194, 198, 2043:4 191, 195, 1963:4a 1953:5 56, 2163:7–14 94–95, 145, 155, 206, 2193:7–9 81, 253–54, 2673:7 90, 202, 2063:8 95, 2093:9 206–7, 2093:10–14 184, 254, 2813:10–11 2093:10 207, 2093:11 94, 2183:12–13 2093:12 207, 2093:13–14 2543:13 89, 94, 2093:14–15 2453:14 94, 207, 209–103:15–18 195, 2573:15–17 18, 134, 2083:15 206, 2353:16 6, 196, 202, 257, 2673:18 195, 206, 274

323Scripture Index

3:19 1023:20–4:30 693:21–4:30 140, 2683:21–22 18, 68, 76, 3073:21 21, 122, 206, 287, 2943:22 100, 1303:23 423:31–32 424:1–13 83, 274, 2954:1 764:8–12 714:14 764:14–9:50 144:15 804:16–30 14, 21, 68, 76–77, 80, 83,

2154:16 804:18–21 814:18–19 18, 77, 215, 245, 271, 306,

3084:18 76, 82, 84, 158, 211, 215,

2294:21 564:23 764:23c 774:25–27 824:25–26 1564:27 774:28 2744:29 214:31–37 80, 834:31–32 764:31 774:32–35 2194:33–37 764:33 804:34 2124:38–39 834:38 804:39 834:40–41 834:41 834:42 904:43 2294:44 805:5 935:8 1295:12–16 267

5:15 765:17–26 2715:19 905:25–26 765:27–39 2975:27–32 885:30–31 1025:30 89, 925:32 2295:33 2085:35–36 2976 234–45, 2476:1–5 806:4 111, 1776:6–11 806:6 806:12–16 2896:12 2876:17 18, 3096:20–26 217, 245, 247, 3086:20–23 2156:20–22 2456:20 212, 215, 2176:21 2456:22–23 2896:22 183, 2336:23 936:24–25 906:24 212, 2456:25 2456:27–36 212, 2186:35–36 2166:35 130, 2197 162, 2517:1–10 80, 1737:2–53 717:6 817:11–17 156, 2677:11 18, 3097:12 857:16 76, 2677:18–35 2527:18–23 2157:18–20 2087:18 78, 2087:20 2027:22 211, 2157:24 90, 191

324 Scripture Index

7:27 2017:29–30 252–537:33 2027:34 89, 92, 2167:36–50 50, 88, 2677:36 2167:44–46 508:1–3 2168:1 18, 3098:4–15 78:10–42 808:13 938:14 908:19–21 498:21 131, 1558:22 18, 3098:24 938:26–39 2678:28 1308:35 1298:40–56 2678:41 898:45 938:49–56 3128:49 898:51–56 808:55 2098:56 1349 1189:1–6 3099:7 1349:10 3099:16 122, 1309:18–27 2949:18–19 909:19 2029:22 89, 3079:23 2779:28–36 17, 2949:31 56, 118, 2019:33 939:35 1309:37–50 189:43 789:44–45 3109:46–48 1719:49 939:51 130, 132

9:51–19:48 75, 3099:51–56 759:51 17, 80, 1219:52 2019:57–62 4910:1–20 30910:1–16 28910:1–9 18310:5–7 8810:5–6 9610:5 4810:7 17610:15 122, 13010:17 93, 24610:20 9310:21–22 29410:21 12210:23–24 24610:25 20910:30–35 21810:30 13110:38 77, 20110:39 12911 23711:1–13 18, 285, 29411:1 208, 29411:4a 27111:9–10 29411:13 6, 18, 122, 273, 30311:14–20 8311:14 7811:15 8911:16 12211:18 20611:20 8111:24–26 7511:26 13911:27–30 21911:27–28 23711:27 23711:28 23811:37 21611:39–44 8111:39–41 21911:42–52 218, 24611:43 8011:51 111, 17712:1–13:9 81

325Scripture Index

12:1–3 8112:4–10 28912:6–7 28912:11 80, 8912:13–21 90, 21712:15–21 218, 24612:16–21 212, 21512:32–34 24212:33–34 90, 21712:37 158, 246, 30512:38 24612:43 24612:51–53 4912:58 8913–17 24213:4 13813:6–9 8113:10–17 15, 75, 77, 79–81, 83, 95,

267, 27113:10 75, 77–78, 80, 24013:11–13 8313:11–12 78–7913:11 77, 8113:12 77, 81–8213:13 76, 78, 8113:14–16 7513:14 76–78, 8913:15–16 77–78, 81–8213:15 77, 80–8113:16–41 7113:16 77, 79, 8313:17 75, 77–78, 8213:18–19 81, 8313:22 20113:23–30 9413:23 79, 24013:24 24013:27 27413:29 240, 31213:33 20113:47 20614 24014:1–24 79, 21614:1–6 75, 8014:1 8914:7–24 24414:7–14 24014:7–10 129

14:11 13014:12–14 21514:12 21514:13–14 24314:13 212, 21514:15–24 21514:15 240, 31214:16–24 24014:21 212, 21514:25–26 4914:33 21715 95, 96, 234, 239, 241, 243,

24715:1–32 8815:1–2 23915:1 89, 9215:2 24115:5 93, 23915:6 239, 24115:7 93, 122, 239, 24215:9 239, 24115:10 93, 239, 24215:11–32 31215:11 11215:13 9515:18 12215:21 12215:23–24 24115:23 93, 23915:24 239, 31215:27 24115:29 23915:32 239, 242–4315:38 9816:1–13 21216:1–9 24216:13 90, 21716:14 8516:19–31 90, 95, 215, 218–19, 242,

244, 24616:19 9416:20 21516:22–31 8116:22 21516:25 218, 24616:27–28 21516:29–30 16217:9–10 209

326 Scripture Index

17:10 24017:11–19 75, 26717:11 20117:15 76, 101, 13017:18 76, 10117:30 10217:31 27417:35 26818 9218:1–34 1818:1–8 294–9518:9–14 101, 244, 294–95, 29718:10–14 28618:10 108, 110, 17418:13 89, 101, 103, 13018:14 130, 29718:15–17 171, 31018:15 90, 9218:16–17 9218:18–23 92, 21818:18 89, 20918:22 122, 21218:24 90, 21718:25 21218:28–30 4918:31–34 31018:35–43 7518:39 9019 9219:1–27 21619:1–10 81, 85–88, 93, 96, 212, 219,

26719:3 8519:4 20119:5 9419:7 9219:8 86, 88, 94–9519:9–10 9219:10 95, 229, 26319:29–40 7519:31–33 23019:37 7819:44 16619:45–48 168, 30719:45–46 109–11, 16819:46 108, 110–12, 174, 176–77,

28619:47 89, 108, 110

19:48 7820–21 16820:1–21:38 30920:1–7 25220:1 89, 108, 11020:4–5 12220:4 20220:17 11420:19 78, 8920:20 8920:21 102, 20120:45–21:4 156, 21520:46–47 21920:46 50, 80, 12921:1–4 21221:2–4 21521:2 21221:6 99, 16621:12–19 28921:12 8021:13– 19 27621:15 21, 7821:17 7821:24 5621:26 99, 10821:36 29521:37–38 10821:37 11021:38 11022–24 245, 30622–23 21, 23022:2 78, 8922:3 10522:4 89, 27822:6 7822:11 30922:14 30922:16 5622:17 108, 11322:19–20 227, 232, 275–76, 30222:19b–20 272, 27622:21 1922:24–27 21, 158–59, 305, 31022:28–32 622:28–30 15722:28 105, 30922:30 1922:31 105

327Scripture Index

22:35–38 28922:37 19, 71, 226, 228, 23122:39–46 102, 274, 291, 29522:39 30922:40 105, 285, 29522:41 21, 13022:46 105, 285, 29522:47–54a 10522:50 8922:52 10522:53 100, 105, 110, 27622:54 8922:55 9822:59 13222:63 10122:66–71 9922:66 8923 9723:2 20, 22923:4 8923:5 20, 132, 22923:9 23123:10 8923:13–25 30723:13 8923:14 22923:27 21, 10123:34 21, 68, 103, 287, 29423:35 89, 23123:39 27723:40–43 8823:43 275, 29323:44–49 97–98, 27623:44–48 104, 10623:44–45 104–523:44–45a 100, 103, 10523:44 9823:45 98, 101–223:45a 98, 10023:45b 97, 103–5, 110, 11323:46–48 10423:46 21, 68, 101, 103, 29423:46a 10323:47–48 101–2, 10423:47 103, 23123:48 21, 101–323:49 13223:50–53 21

23:50–51 4623:55 13224 15, 17, 112, 115, 118, 13124:1 11524:6 13224:13–35 31224:13–32 18324:13 11524:15–16 13124:19–21 30924:20 8924:21 11524:22 13424:25–27 31024:26 23024:27 23024:30–31 29424:31 13124:33 11524:34 30724:36–43 30024:36 48, 115, 13124:37 13124:39 131, 30124:41–43 13124:44–49 29624:44–47 31024:44 5624:45 1824:46–48 17324:46 23024:47–49 14524:47 17, 25624:48 30024:49 6, 121, 124–25, 262, 273,

30324:50 11524:51 115, 13024:53 108, 110, 112, 167, 174, 177,

285, 286

John1:23 19414–16 620:22 520:30–31 3321:15–17 621:25 33

328 Scripture Index

Acts1–8 1051–5 12, 1601 20, 54, 69, 2511:1–14 16–18, 1181:1–4 161:1–3 17, 301, 3101:1 22, 132, 2681:2 17–18, 69, 121, 287, 2891:3 17, 115, 301, 3031:4–8 2571:4b–8 171:4–5 1251:4 17, 18, 69, 125, 273, 296,

301, 3031:4a 171:5 17, 18, 69, 125, 155, 202,

208, 252, 2571:6–8 1211:6 17, 56, 69, 121, 2871:7 2961:8 17–19, 69, 121, 125, 145,

159–60, 173, 178, 258–59, 261, 262, 269, 292, 299

1:9–11 17, 115–24, 163, 2621:9 117, 121, 1311:10 17, 1221:11 69, 122, 131–32, 2711:12–14 284, 2861:13 1771:14–15 2881:14 51, 69, 154, 268, 284–871:15–6:7 61:15–26 2881:16 57, 2891:17 46, 1581:18 981:19 1381:20 2891:21 2871:21–22 2681:22 202, 252, 262, 274, 299–300,

3021:23 2881:24–25 286–891:24 268, 287–881:25 158, 2781:26 46

2–15 552–5 1682 5, 68, 111, 125, 135, 138,

140–41, 225–26, 268–70, 272–73

2:1–41 1552:1–13 125, 133–34, 144–45, 159,

225, 292, 3012:1–4 256, 287, 2932:1–2 1122:1 155, 268, 2852:2–3 1002:2 56, 121–22, 139–40, 1772:3 140, 1452:4 112, 135, 1402:5–11 111–12, 135, 140, 1772:5 122, 138, 140, 2692:6 135, 1402:8 1352:9–11 139, 140, 2692:9 1382:11 137–382:12 134, 2732:13 134, 2782:14–40 3032:14–41 137, 145, 2872:14–36 112, 1362:14 112, 135, 137–38, 1402:16–21 1232:17–21 111, 3032:17–18 112, 3032:17 99, 105, 124, 269, 2792:20 99, 100, 1052:21 105, 111, 257, 263, 269, 271,

281, 287, 292, 3032:22–36 3022:22–24 2302:22–23 2302:22 21, 76, 99, 161, 307, 3112:23–24 3072:23 1322:24–36 1242:25–28 3012:28 56, 228, 2712:29–35 273, 3032:31–34 3032:32–33 3022:32 132, 262, 300, 307

329Scripture Index

2:33 123–24, 152, 257, 273, 293, 296, 303

2:36 124, 225, 268, 273, 287, 3032:37–42 2692:37–38 2802:37 184, 209, 2782:38–47 2562:38–40 1242:38–39 2592:38 145, 248–49, 251, 254–55,

257–58, 268, 272, 281, 2922:39 111, 2692:40 263, 2702:41–47 2552:41 112, 2802:42–47 144–45, 153, 155, 159, 285,

2862:42 284–862:43 99, 161, 3112:44–45 2682:44 155, 177, 2812:45 1452:46–47 108, 167, 1742:46 112, 154, 168, 244, 268,

284–852:47 155, 263, 285–863 225, 2313:1–4:12 2693:1–26 303, 3093:1–10 3113:1 103, 108, 110, 167–68, 174,

286, 290–913:6 2683:7–9 2083:7 3093:8–9 2443:12–26 2253:12–16 2933:12 134, 2753:13–16 2253:13–15 230, 270, 273, 3073:13–14 2313:13 231, 3033:14 2313:15–17 2083:15–16 2623:15 271, 274, 300, 303, 306–7,

309

3:16 263, 268, 273, 275, 281, 292, 303

3:17–26 2703:18 56, 573:19–21 2713:19 256, 272, 2813:21 1223:22–26 1623:26 3074:1–22 3094:2 225, 299, 309, 3134:9 2634:10 268, 2734:10–12 230, 272, 3034:10–11 1684:10 275, 303, 3074:11–12 225, 2734:11 3034:12 131, 263, 268, 3034:13 134, 1384:14 2634:16 99, 1384:19–20 1684:23–35 1554:23–31 3124:24–31 285–864:24–30 2904:24 154, 259, 268, 285, 290, 2964:29–30 275, 2904:29 2904:30 99, 161, 268, 3114:31 155, 2904:32–5:11 268, 2714:32–35 155, 1594:32–34a 3114:32 3124:33 300, 311–124:34 155, 3125 233–345:12 99, 154, 161, 275, 285, 3115:16 263, 269, 2715:17–21 2705:20–21 108, 110, 1685:24 1345:25 108, 110, 1685:28 2685:29 1685:30–32 168, 262

330 Scripture Index

5:30–31 164, 226, 274, 303, 3045:30 277, 303, 3075:31 5, 123, 256, 263, 270, 272,

279, 281, 3035:32 300–3015:33 2085:38–39 168, 2755:40 2685:41 233, 2685:42 108, 110, 1686:1–7 7, 151, 153–54, 158–60, 259,

276, 3056:1–6 2686:1 155–576:2 19, 3056:3–14 1076:3–6 216:3 21, 161, 3056:4 284, 2866:5 21, 161, 1636:6 286, 2886:7 6, 1426:8–12:25 66:8–15 1646:8 21, 99, 152, 161, 3116:9 21, 1626:10–12 216:10 216:11 1626:12–13 2876:12 1626:13–14 996:13 161–63, 1666:14 1626:15 1627 110, 161, 1687:1 1637:2–8 1637:2 1657:9–16 1637:10 2637:11 1657:12 1657:15 1657:17–44 161, 1637:19 1657:20 1647:22 164

7:24–25 1647:25–27 1647:25 263, 2707:26 1647:30–35 1647:31 1347:32 1647:34 2637:35 164, 2707:36 162, 1647:37 1627:38 164–657:39–43 1667:39 1647:40 1647:41 164, 1667:42–43 1667:44 165–667:45–50 1637:45 1657:46 1667:47–49 111, 1777:47 1667:48–50 1667:48 110, 1677:49–50 1687:49 121–22, 1637:50 1677:51 1657:52 1657:53 164–657:54–60 2907:54–56 3117:54 2787:55–56 1227:55 21, 1037:56 21, 1037:57 268, 2857:58 217:59–60 68, 287, 289, 2937:59 21, 103, 2877:60 21, 103, 287, 2928 2518:1–3 2768:1 1428:2 21, 1408:4–25 248, 258, 3058:4 142, 276

331Scripture Index

8:5–25 1268:6 99, 268, 285, 3118:7 263, 2698:8 2448:9 1348:11 1348:12 256, 280–81, 2928:13 99, 134, 284, 3118:14–25 2878:15–17 2878:15 2938:16 256, 258–59, 281, 287, 2928:18–24 183, 2758:22 256, 2878:24 2878:25 2598:26–40 259, 291–92, 304–5, 307–88:26 2918:27c 3058:29 2918:32–33 226, 228, 2318:33 3068:35–39 2568:36 2808:39–40 1738:39 2919 20, 1139:1–19 699:2 2019:3 20, 1229:9 209:10–17 2879:10–12 2919:11 2869:13–14 209:14 268, 281, 287, 2929:16 268, 2779:17 272, 2879:18 100, 2809:20 2969:21 134, 268, 281, 287, 2929:22 134, 1389:23 56,9:26–28 209:28–36 1199:29 1569:31 20, 1429:32–11:18 176

9:32–43 1759:32 1769:33 1769:34 2639:35 1769:36–43 2699:36 2689:37 1769:40 176, 292, 2939:43 1769:48 281, 29210–11 11010 69, 251, 25510:1–11:18 57, 170, 172–73, 255,

258–59, 269, 291–9210:1–20 17610:1–4 19, 69–7010:1–2 4610:2 172, 176, 254, 286, 29110:3–4 29110:3 103, 17610:4 286, 29110:5–6 17610:7 176, 28410:9–16 175, 255, 29010:9 176, 286, 29110:11 12210:14 174, 25510:15 28210:16 122, 25810:17–18 17610:17 19, 69–70, 13410:23 19, 69–70, 17610:24 172, 17610:25 17610:26 17710:27 172, 17610:28–29 177, 25510:28 175, 29210:30–34 25510:30–33 17710:30–31 29110:30 103, 17610:32 17610:33 172, 17610:34–36 255, 28210:35 25510:36 177

332 Scripture Index

10:37 78, 202, 25210:38 76, 83, 263, 267, 271, 27410:39–43 26210:39–41 30010:39–40 30710:39 27710:41 301, 307, 31210:42 31310:43–44 27210:43 226, 269, 27210:44–48 172, 25610:44–46 25510:44 17710:45 134, 176, 27210:46 13710:47–48 255, 28010:47–48a 17710:47 260, 27210:48 25710:48b 17711 20811:1–18 158, 25611:1–3 25511:2–3 175, 29211:3 17611:4 27111:5 175, 29111:12 176, 28211:13 17611:14 176, 255, 263, 27211:15–18 269, 27211:15–17 27211:16–18 25211:16 202, 208, 25711:17 28111:18 176, 254–55, 28111:19 14211:20 15611:27–30 26812:1–19 27012:5 286, 28912:11 26312:12 28912:16 13412:18–19 18412:20 268, 28512:24 6, 14212:25 56

13:1–19:20 713:3 288, 29213:4–12 27113:6–8 22913:13–48 8013:14–52 8013:16–41 58, 27513:16 28013:23–29 23013:23–25 25713:23 5, 58, 26313:24– 25 25213:24 25313:25 56, 20813:26–37 30213:26 263, 27213:27–31 30713:27–29 13713:27 56–57, 13813:29 27713:30–31 30013:31 13213:33–34 30713:33 29613:35–37 30113:38–39 27913:38 272, 28013:39 28113:41 134, 28013:44–49 105, 27613:44–45 27813:46–47 5713:47 159, 262–63, 27113:52 24414:1–18 105, 27614:1–7 8014:1 8014:3 99, 275, 31114:8–15 29314:8–10 26914:9 263, 28114:11 26914:14–15 27514:15–16 28014:15 29614:16 27914:19–20 31014:20 310

333Scripture Index

14:22 276, 290, 31014:23 28814:26 5614:27 29215:1 26315:3 24415:6–9 57, 178, 25515:7–11 178, 28015:7–9 25615:7–8 26915:7 28115:8–9 258–5915:8 272, 28915:9 272, 28215:11 26315:12–18 5715:12 99, 31115:21 8015:23 4815:25 154, 268, 28515:28 5716–28 5516:7 12516:9–10 17916:11–40 170, 172, 178, 18116:11–12 17816:12 17816:14–15 172, 255, 25616:14 109, 18316:15 268, 28016:16–19 18316:16–18 179, 27116:16 17916:17 20116:19–40 27016:19–31 20916:19 179, 18316:20–21 17916:20 17916:22 17916:23 18316:24 18316:25–34 29316:25 137, 286, 28916:27–32 28016:27 18416:28–34 255–5616:30–34 280

16:30–31 28116:30 209, 26316:31–34 17216:31 57, 184, 263, 28116:32 18416:34 24416:35 17916:36 17916:37 17916:38 17917:1–9 8017:1–2 8017:3 280, 30717:4 18317:6–7 2017:10–15 8017:11 27917:12 18317:18 29917:20 13417:23 10717:24–29 16617:24–28 29617:24 110, 16717:25 26317:30–31 31317:30 28117:30a 27917:30b 27917:31 307, 31317:32–33 27817:32 31417:34 18318:1–8 8018:2–6 10518:2 20918:4–8 8018:4–7 8018:7–8 8018:8 80, 28118:8b 17218:9–10 4918:12 268, 28518:18 20918:24–28 25718:24–26 25218:25 201–02, 20818:26 80, 201, 276

334 Scripture Index

19 25119:1–7 248, 250, 252, 256–5719:1–4 20819:3–4 20819:4–5 20219:4 202, 25319:5 281, 29219:6 13719:8–20 27119:8–10 80, 28019:9 20119:13 26819:20 6, 14219:21 5619:21–28:31 719:23–41 27019:23 20119:29 268, 28519:32 13420:7–12 26920:21 28120:22 20120:28 227–28, 232, 272, 275–76,

30220:32 27620:33–35 18320:36 286, 29220:45 15821:5–6 286, 29221:8 17321:13 26821:19 15821:20–26 28621:26 108, 110, 167, 17421:27–30 10921:27 113, 13421:28 107, 11321:29 11321:30 11321:31 13421:38 19321:40 15622:1–21 112, 28622:2 15622:4 20122:10 20922:12 14022:14–16 262

22:15 30022:16 204, 256–57, 268, 272, 281,

287, 29222:17–21 112, 286, 29122:17 108, 110, 167, 17422:22 27823:6–8 31323:6 31323:8 31423:16–24 27023:24 26323:26 4823:27 26323:31 20924:6 11324:12 11324:14 20124:15 31324:18 108, 113, 167, 17424:21 56, 31324:22 20124:27 5724:44 5725:8 11326 13826:6–8 31326:8 30726:14 15626:16–18 26226:16 30026:17–18 271, 27926:17 26326:18 105, 256, 272, 27626:20 28126:21 11326:24–25 13726:24 27826:25 135, 13726:27 27926:29 29327:20 26327:25 5127:31 263, 27027:34 26327:35 28627:43–28:6 27027:43 26327:44 263

335Scripture Index

28 27128:1 26328:4 26328:8 263, 29328:9 26328:17–29 105, 27628:23 1728:27 26328:28 26328:31 17

Romans8:4 19915:6 285

1 Corinthians6:11 2046:20 2287:23 22811:17–34 22712–14 135

2 Corinthians3:13 162

Galatians2:9 63:13 2775:16 199

Ephesians4:7–8 1141:14 228

Hebrews3:7–11 193

1 Peter2:9–10 2282:24 277

2 Peter2:1 228

336 Scripture Index

Author Index

Abbott, H. Porter 14, 86Abraham, William J. 27, 170Achtemeier, Paul J. 74–76Adams, Dwayne H. 91Adler, N. 248Alexander, Loveday C. A. 139Alexander, Philip S. 139Alter, Robert 62, 63Andersen, Francis I. 72Anderson, Kevin L. 123, 225Anderson, Paul N. 3, 222Archer, Léonie J. 45, 47Arlandson, James Malcolm 238Ascough, Richard S. 179Atkinson, Quentin D. 141Aune, David E. 55

Bachmann, Michael 99Badian, Ernst 89Bailey, James L. 55Bal, Mieke 45, 54, 104Balla, Peter 32Baltzer, Klaus 107, 111Balz, Horst 107Banks, Robert 82Barclay, John 214Barker, D. C. 182Barrett, C. K. 57, 67, 152, 165, 179, 248,

273, 277Bartchy, S. Scott 268Barth, Gerhard 171, 248, 257Barton, Stephen C. 288Bauckham, Richard 34, 124, 139, 225Beale, G. K. 165Beasley-Murray, George R. 170, 248, 258Bellah, Robert N. 43Berger, Klaus 25, 207Berger, Peter L. 106, 279Berridge, Kent C. 217, 235

Betori, Giuseppe 136Bevir, Mark 151Binder, Donald D. 181Bird, Michael F. 3, 161Black, Matthew 102Blue, Brad 178, 181–82, 285Bock, Darrell L. 57, 162, 238Boff, Leonardo 51Bolle, Kees W. 107Booth, Wayne C. 45, 272Bourdieu, Pierre 144Borg, Marcus 91Borgen, Peder 269Bourquin, Yvan 85Bovon, François 56–57, 145, 182, 193–94,

264Braund, David C. 265Brawley, Robert L. 54, 56, 101, 278Bream, H. N. 114Briesach, Ernst 34Brown, Gillian 13, 43, 56, 104, 106, 250Brown, Raymond E. 45, 49, 51, 62, 67, 238Brown, Schuyler 83, 248Bruce, F. F. 111, 138, 141, 152, 154, 177,

204Brunner, Peter 119–20Büchele, Anton 98–99Büchsel, Friedrich 82Buckwalter, H. Douglas 118, 123, 301Bultmann, Rudolf 75Burridge, Richard A. 55–56Busse, Ulrich 74, 82–83, 271

Cable, Daniel M. 92Cadbury, Henry J. 3, 57, 153, 222Capel Anderson, Janice 43Carroll, John T. 277Cartledge, Mark J. 135Cassidy, Richard J. 271

Chance, J. Bradley 58, 100, 106, 110Charlesworth, James H. 285Chatman, Seymour 15Childs, Brevard S. 194, 200Christiansen, Ellen Juhl 248Clark, Elizabeth A. 26Cloete, G. D. 143Cohen, Shaye J. D. 108, 174Collins, John N. 158Collver, Albert 154Conrad, Edgar W. 63Conzelmann, Hans 53, 74, 83, 110–11,

152, 221, 242Cook, Albert 33, 149Cosgrove, Charles H. 242, 267Creed, J. M. 75Crook, J. A. 182Crump, David M. 290, 294Crystal, David 135Culler, Jonathan 55, 66Cullmann, Oscar 248Cummins, S. A. 26Cunningham, Scott 233

Dahl, Nils A. 65Danker, Frederick W. 79, 90, 183, 265Das, A. Andrew 248, 259Dauer, Anton 67Davies, J. G. 126, 140Davis, Carl Judson 193Davies, J. G. 248Davis, Stephen T. 120Dawson, Gerrit Scott 129de Beaugrande, Robert 249de Certeau, Michel 144de Vaux, Roland 107Dean-Otting, Mary 117–118Deci, Edward L. 217, 235Derrida, Jacques 145Dibelius, Martin 75Dihle, Albrecht 55Dillon, George L. 249Dillon, Richard J. 57, 276Dinkler, Erich 57Dixon, Suzanne 182Dodd, C. H. 147, 221Dömer, Michael 264Donahue, John R. 48

Donaldson, Amy M. 118Donne, Brian K. 129Doohan, Leonard 81Douglas, Mary 34, 46, 109du Plooy, Gerhardus Petrus Viljoen

267–68Dunn, James D. G. 5, 91, 119, 149, 249,

256, 259Dupont, Jacques 136, 309, 313Duranti, Alessandro 156

Eco, Umberto 44, 72–73, 86, 141Egolf, Donald B. 92Eliade, Mircea 107Elliott, John H. 43, 109, 168, 172Ellis, E. Earle 58, 82, 262Emmott, Catherine 87, 93Enslin, Morton S. 115Enuwosa, Joseph 275Esler, Philip Francis 110, 135, 175, 271Evans, C. F. 57, 68Evans, Vyvyan 196Everts, Jenny 135

Fabry, H.-J. 268Falk, Daniel K. 285Farris, Stephen C. 67Farrow, Douglas 114, 128Fee, Gordon D. 249Feldman, Jerome A. 130, 197Feldman, Louis H. 266Finger, Reta Halteman 153Finley, M. I. 214Finn, Thomas M. 189Fischer, Michael M. J. 42Fitzmyer, Joseph A. 44, 49, 62, 75, 83, 102,

115, 137, 163, 275, 277Flanagan, Neal 264Flannery, Frances 116Flesher, Paul Virgil McCracken 50Fletcher-Louis, Crispin H. T. 131Foakes-Jackson, F. J. 151–52Foeret, Anne 14Foerster, Werner 65, 131, 265Fohrer, Georg 131, 265Forbes, Christopher 134, 136Foucault, Michael 66Fowl, Stephen E. 26

338 Author Index

Franklin, Lloyd David 249Freadman, Richard 43Fretheim, Terence E. 143Friesen, Steven J. 214Fuller, Michael E. 191, 200Fuller, Reginald H. 49, 227, 275

Gardner, Jane F. 180Garrett, Susan R. 54, 271, 275Gaventa, Beverly R. 175, 189, 280Geertz, Clifford 109, 171–72Genette, Gérard 70George, Augustin 264, 269–70, 272, 302Gibbs, Raymond W. Jr. 130Giessner, Steffen R. 92Giles, Kevin 264Gill, David W. J. 182Glöckner, R. 264, 275Godet, Frédéric Louis 46, 77, 82, 90Gooding, D. W. 119Gorman, Michael J. 205Goulder, Michael D. 69, 98Gowler, David B. 45Grassi, Joseph A. 74, 81Gray, Russell D. 141Green, E. M. B. 265Green, Joel B. 3, 7, 10, 16, 18, 24, 41, 43,

46, 52–53, 55, 74, 78, 85, 87, 93, 97–98, 106, 114, 123, 133, 147, 159, 161, 164, 168, 170, 172, 177–78, 189, 211, 214, 217, 221, 230, 232–33, 248–49, 252, 254, 261, 263–64, 266–68, 271–72, 276–77, 279, 283, 292, 299–300, 302

Green, Melanie 196Green, Michael 173Greenblatt, Stephen 35, 150Gregory, Andrew 7Griffin, Miriam 180Grinde, B. 234Grogan, Geoffrey W. 141Grundy, Peter 143Guelich, Robert 55Güting, Eberhard 139

Haenchen, Ernst 111, 152, 177Hall, Robert G. 70, 279Hamel, Gladas 182Hamilton, Victor P. 141

Hamm, Dennis 74, 78, 83, 86, 88, 279Hanson, Anthony Tyrrell 67Hanson, Paul D. 79Haran, Menahem 107Hardt, Oliver 34Haroutunian, Joseph 129Harrington, Daniel J. 67Harrington, Wilfrid J. 75Harrison, Everett F. 307, 313Hartman, Lars 170, 207, 249, 256, 258Hays, Christopher M. 211Hays, Richard B. 26Hauerwas, Stanley 141Hause, H. 46Head, Peter 165Heider, George C. 223Helfmeyer, F. J. 199Helgeland, John 180Hemer, Colin J. 136Hendrickx, Herman 62, 67Hengel, Martin 156, 181, 222Herman, David 85Herrenbrück, Fritz 89Hill, Craig C. 152Himmelfarb, Martha 117Holladay, William L. 95Hollander, John 68Holtz, Traugott 58–59Horsley, Richard A. 43, 63Houlden, Leslie 117, 129Hovenden, Gerald 134Hubbard, Benjamin J. 62Hudson, R. A. 144Hull, John M. 74, 83Hur, Ju 136Hurst, L. D. 46Hutcheon, Linda 66–67, 252

Immanuel, Babu 189Iser, Wolfgang 34, 86

Jenson, Robert W. 27, 120Jeremias, Joachim 78, 98, 101, 109, 111,

170, 227Jervell, Jacob 58, 137, 162, 303, 307, 314Johnson, Andy 124Johnson, Luke Timothy 8, 267Johnson, Mark 93

339Author Index

Jones, Donald L. 184Judge, E. A. 173, 178Judge, Timothy A. 92Juel, Donald 273Just, Arthur A., Jr. 9, 92

Kähler, Martin 230Karris, Robert J. 101, 231Kee, Howard Clark 74, 79, 83, 255, 300Kilpatrick, G. D. 227Kim, Hee-Seong 18, 141Kim, Kyoung-Jin 211Kim-Rauchholz, Mihamm 189Kingsbury, Jack Dean 54Kirchschläger, Walter 74Klein, Günter 57Klein, Hans 115Knipe, David M. 46, 107, 108, 167Koet, B. J. 58Korn, Manfred 18, 277Kringelbach, Morten L. 217, 235Kuecker, Aaron J. 20, 21Kümmel, Werner Georg 222

Ladd, George Eldon 222Lagrange, Marie-Joseph 82Lake, Kirsopp 115Lakoff, George 197Larkin, William J., Jr. 118Larsen, Kasper Bro 148Larsson, Göran 199Laurentin, René 49, 58, 62, 67Leat, S. Jennifer 14Lee, Spike W. S. 203Léon-Dufour, Xavier 62Levinskaya, Irina 181Levinson, Stephen C. 48, 56Levison, John R. 138Lienhard, Joseph T. 152, 156Liljenquist, Katie 203Lincoln, Andrew T. 141, 148Lindbeck, George A. 147Link, H.-G. 51Liu, Shari 93Loewe, Raphael 47Loftus, Elizabeth 34Lohfink, Gerhard 114, 117Lorenzen, Thorwald 309

Lowenthal, David 35–36Luckmann, Thomas 106, 279Lüdemann, Gerd 28, 139Lund, Øystein 200Lyonnet, S. 48Lyons, John 143

Maddox, Robert 202, 300Maile, John F. 122Malina, Bruce J. 41–44, 46–47, 51–52,

79, 138Maloney, Linda M. 177Manson, William 75Marcus, George E. 42Marguerat, Daniel 16, 85, 191Marincola, John 28, 151Marshall, I. Howard 57, 81–83, 99, 101–2,

133, 141, 148, 178, 181, 256, 263, 272, 302

Martin, Dale B. 50, 301Martin, Ralph P. 264Martin, Wallace 13, 255Massyngbaerde Ford, J. 270Matera, Frank J. 98–99, 101, 139Matson, David Lertis 172, 178Matthews, Shelly 166Mauser, Ulrich W. 193McHugh, John 49, 51McIntire, C. T. 30–31, 149McIntyre, Luther B. Jr. 248McKeever, Michael C. 165, 174McKnight, Scot 111Meeks, Wayne A. 136Méndez-Moratalla, Fernando 88, 189Menzies, Robert P. 136, 249, 259Merrill, Eugene H. 198Metzger, Bruce M. 114, 120, 124, 139Michel, Otto 89Middleton, J. Richard 205Miller, John B. F. 116Miller, Marvin Henry 74–75Miller, Seumas 43Mills, Watson E. 134Minear, Paul S. 53Mitchell, Alan C. 86Mittmann-Richert, Ulrike 228Moberly, R. W. L. 26Morris, Leon 222

340 Author Index

Morris, William G. 49Morson, Gary Saul 310Motyer, J. Alec 200Moule, C. F. D. 115Moxnes, Halvor 43, 109, 211Muhlack, Gudrun 19Müller, Paul-Gerd 274Mullins, Terence Y. 62Myers, J. M. 114

Nader, Karim 34Najman, Hindy 193Nave, Guy D., Jr. 189Neale, David A. 43, 91Needham, Nick 129Neff, Robert 63Neusner, Jacob 108Neyrey, Jerome H. 41–44, 46–47, 51, 53,

138, 179, 264Nicolet, Claude 180Nickelsburg, George W. E., Jr. 300Nolland, John 67, 76, 264Novick, Peter 26

Oakes, Peter 214O’Collins, Gerald 266O’Fearghail, Fearghus 62O’Keefe, John J. 115O’Neill, J. C. 250O’Reilly, Leo 137O’Toole, Robert F. 68, 249, 251, 259, 280Oliver, H. H. 53Oulton, J. E. L. 249

Paden, William E. 157Palatty, Paul 122Palmer, D. W. 117Panning, Armin J. 154Pao, David W. 206Parkinson, Carolyn 93Parsons, Mikeal 3–4, 10, 13, 16, 91, 157,

161, 249Patterson, Stephen J. 229Peer, Michael 93Pelikan, Jaroslav 154Penner, Todd 165Penney, John Michael 141, 258

Pervo, Richard 3–4, 10, 13, 115, 153, 161, 166, 167, 249

Pesch, Rudolf 262Peterson, David 178, 228Phelan, James 36, 150, 163Phillips, Thomas E. 5, 211Pilgrim, Walter E. 264, 272Pilhofer, Peter 181Pitcher, Luke 151Plummer, Alfred 84, 98Plunkett, Mark A. 175Polhill, John B. 262Posner, Michael I. 130, 197Powell, Mark Allan 85, 148, 249, 264Praeder, Susan Marie 19, 68Pred, Allan 262Preuss, Horst Dietrich 205Price, S. R. F. 266Prieur, Alexander 18Prince, Gerald 14, 53, 255, 263

Quadagno, Jill 42

Rabinowitz, Peter J. 9Rackham, Richard Belward 152, 173Radl, Walter 19, 55, 68, 264Rae, Murray 31, 149Raichle, Marcus E. 130, 197Räisänen, Heikki 32, 49Ramachandran, V. S. 130Rapske, Brian 179, 183–84Ravens, D. A. S. 86Rawson, Beryl 47, 171, 182, 238Redman, Judith C. S. 34Reimherr, O. 114Reno, R. R. 115Rese, Martin 58Rhodes, James N. 165Richter Reimer, Ivoni 181, 183Rigby, Cynthia L. 129Robinson, A. T. 204Rohrbaugh, Richard L. 136Rosenblatt, Marie-Eloise 271Rothschild, Clare K. 28Rowe, C. Kavin 7–8, 123, 196Ruddick, C. T. 67Ryan, Richard M. 217, 235

341Author Index

Sahlins, Marshall 155, 218, 234Said, Edward W. 16, 53, 179Sailors, Timothy B. 118Sanders, E. P. 45, 91Sanders, Jack T. 139Sanders, James A. 66Sandnes, Karl Olav 173Sarisky, Darren 26Saver, Jeffrey L. 14Schaberg, Jane 63, 64Schachter, Daniel L. 34Schäfer, Peter 179Schaff, David 114Schaff, Philip 114, 135Scharlemann, M. H. 165Schmithals, Walter 75Schnall, Simone 203Schneemelcher, Wilhelm 126Schneider, Gerhard 78, 82, 99, 135, 301Scholer, David M. 213Schottroff, Luise 183, 239Schreiber, Johannes 277Schubert, Paul 58Schubert, Thomas W. 92Schüngel-Straumann, Hefen 145Schürer, Emil 45, 191Schütz, Frieder 276Schwarz, Norbert 203Schweizer, Eduard 80, 228Scott, J. J., Jr. 163Scott, James M. 139, 144Seccombe, David Peter 262Segal, Alan F. 117Seim, Turid Karlsen 158Seymour-Smith, Charlotte 42, 157Shelton, James B. 252, 259Shepherd, William H., Jr. 258Sherwin-White, A. N. 179Sleeman, Matthew 122Smit, D. L. 143Smith, David 142Smith, Dennis E. 16Smith, Julien C. H. 163, 165Smith, Steven G. 150Soards, Marion L. 98, 273, 275Soja, Edward W. 139, 262Spencer, F. Scott 156, 163, 249Spencer, Patrick E. 3, 161

Squires, John T. 268Staley, Jeffrey L. 180Stanton, Graham N. 229Stenschke, Chrisoph 264Sterling, Gregory E. 163Still, Judith 66Stock, Brian 34Stock, Klemens 48–49Strauss, David Friedrich 115–16Strobel, August 48, 229Stubbs, Michael 43, 106Sylva, Dennis D. 99, 101, 103, 165

Tabor, James D. 117Talbert, Charles H. 19, 30, 55, 62, 74, 189Talmon, Shemaryahu 193Tannehill, Robert C. 54, 74, 76, 78, 84, 86,

101, 183, 189, 255, 258, 270, 273–74, 304Tannen, Deborah 251Tanton, Lanny Thomas 248Taylor, Charles 224Taylor, Joan E. 251Taylor, Nicholas H. 165, 173, 177, 208Taylor, Vincent 75, 98, 100–1Thompson, Andrew J. 163, 165Thompson, Richard P. 145Throckmorton, B. H. 264, 272Tichý, Ladislav 86Tiede, David L. 275Tolbert, Mary Ann 44Toolan, Michael J. 14, 54Torrance, Alan 31Treier, Daniel J. 26Trible, Phyllis 46Trites, Allison A. 300Troeltsch, Ernst 26Trompf, G. W. 19Tuckett, Christopher M. 98Turner, Mark 197, 259, 273Turner, Max 123–24, 136, 170, 195, 248,

264Tyson, Joseph B. 54, 78, 83, 99, 156, 222

Uehlinger, Christoph 142–43Ulansey, David 105

van der Loos, H. 82van Gennep, Arnold 206, 253

342 Author Index

van Unnik, W. C. 49, 70, 262van Zyl, Hermie C. 223, 228Vander Broek, Lyle D. 55VanderKam, James C. 193Vanhoozer, Kevin J. 26Veyne, Paul 149von Rad, Gerhard 141Vorster, William 66

Wainwright, Geoffrey 170, 248Wall, Robert W. 4–7, 133, 175Walters, Patricia 10–13Walton, Steve 123, 165–66, 227Warrington, Keith 137Watts, John D. W. 200Watts, Rikki E. 195, 199Webb, Robert L. 251Weinert, Francis D. 99, 103Weinstock, Stefan 139Wenham, Gordon J. 47Wenk, Matthias 155Werlen, Benno 139Wheatley, Thalia 93White, Hayden 14, 32, 35White, Richard C. 86Whittaker, Molly 175, 179

Wiedemann, Thomas 171–72, 180Wilckens, Ulrich 221Wilcox, Max 268, 277Wilkinson, John 82Wilson, Stephen G. 115, 162, 173Winchester, Simon 142Witherington, Ben, III 71, 178Worton, Michael 66Wrede, Wilhelm 27Wright, G. Ernest 108Wright, N. T. 31, 120, 127, 204–5Wuthnow, Robert 282

Yamakawa, Yoshinori 93Yamazaki-Ransom, Kazuhiko 191, 194Yong, Amos 91Young, Kay 14Yu, Ning 130, 197Yule, George 13, 43, 56, 104, 106, 250

Zehnle, Richard 222, 232, 264Zerhusen, Robert 135Zhong, Chen-Ba 203Ziccardi, Costantino Antonio 18Zwiep, A. W. 117, 118

343Author Index

Subject Index

Abraham 46, 59, 64–68, 71, 73, 163, 218Ananias 20, 69, 140, 204, 256, 287Anna 16–17, 69, 235, 239Apostles (see also Twelve, the) 157–60,

233–34, 287, 289Ascension 17, 114–32, 223–24, 226, 230,

302–4Atonement (see also Forgiveness, Salva-

tion) 221–24, 227–29, 232, 275–77, 302

Baptism 170–85, 202–8, 248–60, 280–81

Canonical criticism 4–7, 27, 31–32Cognitive studies– Cognitive linguistics (see also Meta-

phor[s]) 196–97– Cognitive narratology 85–96– Cognitive science 34, 87, 130, 197Conversion 88, 94–95, 172–78, 189–210,

279–80Cornelius 19–20, 29, 69, 172–78, 185,

226, 254–56, 258, 261, 274, 278, 291–92Creed (see also Rule of Faith) 31–32, 116Culture (see Sociocultural criticism)

Death of Jesus 104–6, 226–32, 275–78Disciples and discipleship 16–18, 154–58,

217–19, 276–78, 281, 283–98, 299–302, 308–12

Discourse analysis 104–6, 250–52

Elizabeth 42, 45–48, 50–52, 59–61, 64–65, 199, 237–39, 304

Embodiment 128–31, 134, 189, 197, 202–4, 206–7, 210

Forgiveness (see also Atonement, Salva-tion) 123, 178, 184, 194–95, 204–6, 224, 226, 253–54, 256–57, 266–67,

269, 271–72, 274, 279, 281, 292, 304, 315

Form criticism 11, 25, 75, 117–19

Gabriel 17, 19, 45, 48–49, 51–52, 60–61, 63–64, 237

Happiness (see also Joy) 93, 233–47Healing 74–84, 224–25, 267–71, 290–93,

309, 311Heaven 114–32, 163–68, 239–44History (see also Narrative – History,

representation of)– Historical criticism 24–37, 116– Historiography 28, 34–36, 55, 151Holy Spirit 16–17, 18, 19, 21, 123–25,

135–38, 140, 145, 155, 174, 177–78, 193–95, 198–99, 204, 208, 224–28, 236, 238, 248–60, 261, 269, 272–75, 278–79, 283, 285, 287, 289–93, 301–5, 309–12

Honor and shame (see also Status) 41–52, 182–84, 215, 233, 237–39, 277, 310

Idolatry 161–69Intertextuality (see also Old Testament,

Luke’s use) 66, 124, 137, 146, 198, 205, 251, 270

Jewish leaders, conflict with 79–82John (the Apostle) 168, 290, 299, 309,

311, 313John the Baptist 18, 54, 57, 59–61, 64–66,

68, 71, 89, 94–95, 134, 148, 190–99, 202, 204–11, 217–18, 235–37, 248–60, 280–81

Joseph 45, 47–49, 51, 163, 239Joy (see also Happiness) 48–49, 93

Kingdom of God 17–18, 80–83, 217–18, 240–46

Lazarus 212, 218–19, 242, 244, 246Lost, the 95–96, 241, 243Luke-Acts– Authorial unity 10–13– Narrative unity 3–23, 69–70– Reception history 7–10Lydia 172, 181–85

Markan priority 76, 97–98Mary 16–17, 19, 20, 42–52, 54, 59, 63–67,

69, 137, 237–39, 263, 267Metaphor(s) (see also Cognitive studies –

Cognitive linguistics)– Economic exchange 228– Height (see also Verticality schema)

91–93, 130–31– Journey (Movement, Walking, Way)

196–202– Lots, casting 289– Organic 207– Purity (Cleanness, Washing) 202–4,

253– Raising up 315– Slavery (Service) 50–51, 158– Wilderness 191Mission– Church’s 17–19, 54–57, 105–6, 111,

113, 136–37, 139, 151, 154, 158–60, 171, 174, 176–85, 276, 290–92, 308–15

– Jesus’s 17–18, 74, 76–77, 79, 81–84, 140, 211–18, 230–32, 244–47, 263, 271

– Spirit’s 258, 272Model reader 72–73

Narrative– Cognitive narratology 85–87– Definition of 14–16– History, representation of 32–36,

148–51, 153, 147–60– Human narrativity 14– Intratextuality 12, 17, 200– Pattern 12–13, 88–89– Recurrence 19–22– Story 15– Structure 53–56

– Telos (Aim) 5, 15, 35, 54–58, 70, 160, 274

– Theology 147–48– Time 14–15

Old Testament, Luke’s use (see also Inter-textuality) of 46, 58–68, 71–73, 111, 161–69, 190–206, 228–32, 267, 302

Paul (Saul) 6, 7, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 55–56, 58, 69, 72, 80, 105, 109, 112–13, 135, 137–40, 158, 166, 172, 178–81, 183–84, 199, 204, 222, 227–28, 256–57, 276–81, 286, 293, 299, 310, 313

Peter 6, 7, 19, 56, 69, 123–24, 137, 140, 158, 174–78, 225–26, 230, 245, 248–49, 251, 254–56, 258–60, 263, 268, 270, 272–73, 278–80, 287, 290–91, 293, 299–301, 303, 306–7, 309, 311–13

Philip 19, 139–40, 154, 159, 173, 258–59, 291–92, 305, 308

Poor (Poverty; see also Rich) 52, 86, 94, 152, 158, 211–19, 229, 241, 243–46, 306, 308

Prayer 283–98Purpose (Aim), God’s 5–6, 16, 54–58, 64,

66, 70–73, 94, 142, 144, 152, 168, 177, 201, 206, 235, 243, 247, 252–53, 260–61, 267, 270, 274, 279–81, 288, 290, 292–93, 295, 297–98, 304, 307, 310, 313–15

Reception, history of 125–28Redaction criticism 4, 25, 76, 78, 99–103,

111–12, 221–22, 226–27, 249Resurrection 115–32, 299–315Rich (Wealth; see also Poor) 20, 90, 92,

94, 212–13, 215–19, 236, 244–46,Rule of Faith (Rule of Truth; see also

Creed) 27, 115–16, 127–28

Salvation (see also Atonement, Forgiveness) 44, 54–55, 76–77, 105–6, 111, 131, 176–77, 194–95, 204–6, 221–32, 235–36, 245–47, 261–82, 292–92, 299–315

Seven, The 7, 19, 151, 153, 158–59Silas 20, 179–81, 184, 279, 280–81Simeon 16, 51, 56, 59, 69, 105, 111, 134

140, 231, 235, 239, 263, 313

345Subject Index

Sociocultural criticism 41–44– Cultural encyclopedia 89–90, 95– Cultural world 43–44– “Culture center” 97–113, 171–72,

177–79– Social geography 138–40– Social space 86, 93–94, 139, 144– Sociolinguistics 144Source criticism 10–12, 25, 76, 97–103Status (see also Honor and Shame) 89–92,

129–31, 144–45, 157–58, 168, 171, 182–84, 214–17, 230–32, 237–42, 267–72, 304–12

Stephen 19, 21, 56, 103, 159, 161–69, 278, 286–87, 290, 293, 311

Temple 97–113, 161–69, 172–78, 285–86Theological interpretation 24–37, 116,

120Tongues (Languages) 133–46Twelve, the (see also Apostles) 151, 153,

160

Verticality schema (see also Metaphor[s] – Height) 91–92, 129–31

Widow(s) 7, 152–60, 215

Zacchaeus 85–96, 218–19, 267Zechariah 19, 20, 42, 45–47, 51, 54, 59,

63–65, 69

346 Subject Index