Lync & the Enterprise Network

Bryan NyceUC Voice Architect, MCS Voice Center of ExcellenceMicrosoft Corporation

EXL317

Objective

In scope: • Quality of Experience (QoE)• Bandwidth• Codecs• Forward Error Correction (FEC)• Bandwidth Estimation• Call Admission Control (CAC)• Differentiated Services Code Point

(DSCP) Out of Scope: Everything Else

Better understand Lync™ 2010 and the Enterprise Network

• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)

• Virtual LANs (VLANs)• Monitoring• Partners• OSI• Resiliency

Bryan Nyce

Bryan NyceSouthern California, USWorking on IM/LCS/OCS/Lync since Exchange 2000MCS Voice Center of Excellence (CoE)

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

Layer Definition

Seven

Six

Five

Four

Three

Two

One Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application ….a way of sub-dividing a communications system into smaller parts called layers.

A layer is a collection of similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it.

On each layer, an instance provides services to the instances at the layer above and requests service from the layer below.

- Wikipedia

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical Bandwidth

Anatomy of a UC Audio Session

1 2 3 4 5

1 42 53

SRTP / RTCP

SIP

Perfect Network

Anatomy of a UC Audio Session

2 3 4 53 4

Forward Error

Correction

5 6

12

3

4

2

3

45

1 42 5

1 2 4 5

1 2 3 4 5Poor

Network

SRTP / RTCP

SIP

Bandwidth

Media Endpoints detect & manage distribution of available BWPrioritize Audio first and distribute remaining bandwidth to Application Sharing, Video, and File TransferChoose best quality Audio codec, video resolution/frame rate for available BWAdapt to network & change codecs to optimize experience during a session

Bandwidth requirements determined byCodec choice: Microsoft RT-Audio & RT-Video, G.711, G.722, etc.Network performance: Using FEC for redundant audio encodingChannel Activity: Voice activity and video content

demo

Lync 2010 – Bad Network

Bandwidth - Audio

Codec Scenario PayloadPayload and

IP header

Payload, IP header, and

UDP, RTP and SRTP

All that plus Forward Error Correction

(FEC)

RTA-WB Peer-to-peer 29.0 45.0 57.0 86.0

RTA-NBPeer-to-peer, PSTN 11.8 27.8 39.8 51.6

G.711 PSTN 64.0 80.0 92.0 156.0

G.722 Conferencing 64.0 80.0 95.6 159.6

SIREN Conferencing 16.0 32.0 47.6 63.6

These are raw audio codec bandwidth numbers – not for planning!All numbers in Kbps. Based on 20ms ptime. Siren & G.722 include SRTP overheard from conferencing scenarios.

Bandwidth - Video

RT Video Codec Resolution

Minimum payload (kbps)

Maximum payload (kbps)

Main Video CIF 50 250

Main Video VGA 350 600

Main Video HD 800 1500

Panoramic Video 50 350

Raw video codec bandwidth numbers – not for planning!FEC built into the payload bitrate Maximum payload is the best possible frame rate & quality.Minimum is approximately 1 video frame per second. All numbers in Kbps. Based on 20ms ptime.

Bandwidth - PlanningMedi

a Modality Codec Typical BW

Max w/o FEC

Max w/FEC

Audio Peer to Peer RTA-W 39.8 62 91Audio Peer to Peer RTA-N 29.3 44.8 56.6

Audio PSTN RTA-N 30.9 44.8 56.6

Audio PSTN G.711 64.8 97 161

AudioConferencing G.722 46.1 100.6 164.6

AudioConferencing Siren 25.5 52.6 68.6

Video Peer to Peer RTV - CIF 220 260Video Peer to Peer RTV - VGA 508 610Video Peer to Peer RTV - HD 1210 1510Video Peer to Peer RTV - Pano 269 360

VideoConferencing RTV - CIF 220 260

VideoConferencing RTV - VGA 508 610

VideoConferencing RTV - Pano 269 360

One-way traffic including media, typical activity, RTCP.

For planning in a well managed, right-sized network, use Max BW w/o FEC.

If the network will be constrained and you want to preserve quality, use Max BW with FEC.

When understanding how much bandwidth at any given time is being used, use the Typical BW numbers. Not for planning, as usage will be greater at times.

Bandwidth - Application SharingApplication sharing bandwidth consumption dependent on session content and screen resolutionTCP based sessions with built-in congestion controlTraffic is bursty in natureEnd user policy limits to cap spikes

Modality Average bandwidth Maximum bandwidth

Application sharing using Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

434 Kbps sent per sharer 938 Kbps sent per sharer

Application sharing using Compatibility Conferencing service

713 Kbps sent per sharer552 Kbps received per viewer

566 Kbps sent per sharer730 Kbps received per sharer

19:21.149:21.119:21.149:21.109:51.129:21.159:21.129:21.159:21.10

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000 Kilobits/sec sent by Sharer

Audio/Video Bandwidth ControlsEnd User maximum allowed bandwidth per modality

Applied whether or not bandwidth is availableConfigured via in-band provisioning at sign-in

Parameter Default in Kb PowerShell Command

Audio Bit Rate 200 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (AudioBitRateKb parameter)

Video Bit Rate 50,000 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (VideoBitRateKb parameter)

App Sharing Bit Rate

50,000 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (AppSharingBitRate parameter)

File Transfer Bit Rate

50,000 Set-CsConferencingPolicy (FileTransferBitRate parameter)Parameter Default

ValuePowerShell Command

MaxVideoConferenceResolution{CIF. 352 x 288 or VGA 640 x 480}

VGA Set-CsConferencingPolicy (MaxVideoConferenceResolution <CIF | VGA>)

Parameter Default Value

PowerShell Command

MaxVideoRateAllowed

VGA Set-CsMediaConfiguration (MaxVideoRateAllowed <CIF250K, | VGA600K | Hd720p15M >)

Client

AVMCU

Legacy

demo

Lync 2010 Bandwidth Planning Tool

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical Bandwidth

LLDP & VLANs

LLDP & VLANsLLDP-MED – Link Layer Discovery Protocol for Media Endpoint Devices

Delivers Location information (switch and port) & VLAN ID to IP phonesLookup in Location Information Server for Location (used for E.911)Network switch must support IEEE 802.1AB and ANSI/TIA-1057

VLANs Great for address space management when deploying large number of phonesCan use DHCP (from Corp server or Lync Registrar) if LLDP is not available

Two technologies that are for the IP phones onlyNo native Windows driver for LLDPVLANs have _all_ traffic go onto the network

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link LLDP & VLANs

Physical Bandwidth

DSCP

DSCP – Differentiated Services Code Point

…AKA DiffServ

Recommended:When Right Provisioning not possible and on Constrained WAN Links (pair with WAN bandwidth policies)

Prioritization already deployed for other VoIP solution

Your Friendly IPv4 packet

DSCP

Windows® 7 and Windows Vista ® Lync users only use Windows Policy based QoS to mark based on application and port ranges

Lync IP Phones mark packets at endpoints

Windows XP® and MacMark at router based on port ranges only (or use Generic QoS)

DSCP

Example “Fully Managed” Network Deployment

Media Type Per Hop Behavior

Queuing and

Dropping

Notes:

Audio EF (DSCP 46)

Priority Queue

Low loss, low latency, low jitter, assured bandwidth

Pair with WAN Bandwidth Policies on constrained links

Video AF41 (DSCP 34)

BW Queue + DSCP WRED

Class 4. Low drop priority.Pair with WAN Bandwidth Policies on constrained

links

SIP Signaling CS3BW Queue Class 3.

Bandwidth allocation should be sufficient to avoid drops

App Sharing AF21 (DCSP 26)

BW Queue + DSCP WRED

Class 2. Low drop priority.Pair with End User Policy Caps

File Transfer AF11 (DSCP 10)

BW Queue + DSCP WRED

Class 1. Low drop priority.Pair with End User Policy Caps

More info @ Cisco Implementing Quality of Service Policies with DSCP

Political

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network DSCP

Data Link LLDP & VLANs

Physical Bandwidth

Media Ports

Media Port SeparationIf the client isn’t trusted, unique DSCP marking is achievable with non-overlapping port ranges for each modality and marking packets at router.

Monitor network traffic for each modality supported by Lync.

Lync Servers require separate port ranges for all modalitiesAudio port range applies to all audio servers; AV MCU, Mediation Server, Conferencing Services (CAA/PVA), Response Group Service (RGS), Call Park Server (CPS)Video Port range applies to AV MCUApplication sharing port range applies to AS MCU

Suggest making Client audio/video port ranges subset of Server port range (simplify router configuration)

Example: Server audio port range = 49,152 – 57,500, Client audio port range = 57,480 – 57,500

Political

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport Media Ports

Network DSCP

Data Link LLDP & VLANs

Physical Bandwidth

CAC

Call Admission Control

Policy Server role in Lync Server implements CACAdmins configure logical sites based on groupings of subnetsEnforce policies on links between sitesBandwidth available for audio, video

WAN link bandwidth policiesApplied dynamically when session crosses network link with policy setLimits the session to a maximum allowed bandwidth levelRe-route or fail session when bandwidth not available

Seamless support for roaming users on moving between different sitesAllows Internet to be used for overflow of traffic

Avoid PSTN call chargesSupport alternate path & failover of video sessions

Example Scenario

Seattle WAN Link Policy:Audio Session Limit = 60 Kbps

RT Audio WB (no FEC)

CAC Profile Type WAN Link Per Session Audio

Limit

Available Audio WAN Link per Session Video

Limit

Available Video

Optimized for Session Count(w/ Wide Band

P2P)

60 Kbps RTAudio NB + FECSiren + FEC

RTAudio WB (no FEC)

350 Kbps RTVideo – CIF (15fps)

RTVideo – Pano (15fps)

Balanced 95 Kbps (Above plus) RTAudio WB + FEC

G.711 (no FEC)G.722 (no FEC)

600 Kbps (Above plus) RTVideo – VGA

(30fps)

Optimized for Quality

165 Kbps (All Above plus)G.711 + FECG.722 + FEC

1500 Kbps (All Above plus)RTVideo – HD (30fps)

New York

Example Scenario

New YorkSeattleInternetWAN Link Policy:

Audio Session Limit = 60 Kbps

RT Audio WB (No FEC)

CAC Profile Type WAN Link Per Session Audio

Limit

Available Audio WAN Link per Session Video

Limit

Available Video

Optimized for Session Count(w/ Wide Band

P2P)

60 Kbps RTAudio NB + FECSiren + FEC

RTAudio WB (no FEC)

350 Kbps RTVideo – CIF (15fps)

RTVideo – Pano (15fps)

Balanced 95 Kbps (Above plus) RTAudio WB + FEC

G.711 (no FEC)G.722 (no FEC)

600 Kbps (Above plus) RTVideo – VGA

(30fps)

Optimized for Quality

165 Kbps (All Above plus)G.711 + FECG.722 + FEC

1500 Kbps (All Above plus)RTVideo – HD (30fps)

Example Scenario

New YorkSeattleInternetWAN Link Policy:

Audio Session Limit = 60 Kbps

RT Audio NB (+ FEC)

CAC Profile Type WAN Link Per Session Audio

Limit

Available Audio WAN Link per Session Video

Limit

Available Video

Optimized for Session Count(w/ Wide Band

P2P)

60 Kbps RTAudio NB + FECSiren + FEC

RTAudio WB (no FEC)

350 Kbps RTVideo – CIF (15fps)

RTVideo – Pano (15fps)

Balanced 95 Kbps (Above plus) RTAudio WB + FEC

G.711 (no FEC)G.722 (no FEC)

600 Kbps (Above plus) RTVideo – VGA

(30fps)

Optimized for Quality

165 Kbps (All Above plus)G.711 + FECG.722 + FEC

1500 Kbps (All Above plus)RTVideo – HD (30fps)

demo

CAC Visualization Tool

Application

Presentation

Session CAC

Transport Media Ports

Network DSCP

Data Link LLDP & VLANs

Physical Bandwidth

Resiliency

Session Dialog Resiliency

Session Dialog Resiliency allows media to continue if signaling session is disrupted due to issues with Stateful Layer 3 middleboxes like Load Balancers or Signaling proxies.

During loss of signaling channel endpoint enter resiliency mode

Some loss of functionality, e.g. hold/resume, conference roster, etc.Media session will continue

Automatic recovery of signaling channel whenever possible

(S)RTP/RTCP (UDP/TCP)

SIP (TCP)

demo

Session Dialog Resiliency

Application

Presentation Resiliency

Session CAC

Transport Media Ports

Network DSCP

Data Link LLDP & VLANs

Physical Bandwidth

Partners

Partners

Lync™ 2010 supports broad interoperability with a well partner developed eco-system with

Networking equipment vendorsLoad Balancer vendorsSIP Interoperability

Why Bother? See Gartner’s Debunking the Myth of the Single-vendor Network (public discussion here).

All docs linked from Network Infrastructure Roadmap

Customers starting to push towardsgreater media over mobile scenarios

iPad effectOptimize cellular minute and data plans

“Wireless by default, wired when necessary.” 2 Network managers tasked to plan for convergence In many cases all wireless

Trends are for greatly increased bandwidth usageUp to 100 personal video devices for each currently installed room system. 3

Intel Ultrabook reference design no longer including Ethernet ports

Fortune 100 1 >80% deploying mobile clientsSmartphones 289M in 2010 >900M in 2014 1

Slates 55M in 2011 >200M in 2014

1 Gartner Forecast: Mobile Devices, Worldwide 2010 2 Gartner: Key Issues for Communications Enterprise Strategies, 2011. March 20113 Gartner: Is Your Wi-Fi Network Ready for Video? May 2011

Lync over Wi-Fi

Lync over Wi-Fi

Lync Data over Wi-FiDesktops, laptop, slates & mobile smart phonesIM, presence, web conferencing & calendaringFixed and Nomadic

Lync Real-time Media over Wi-Fi: NomadicVoice mail, video conferencing, telephony and audio conferencing Nomadic capabilities for RT-MediaIncludes Lync Data over Wi-Fi

Lync Real-Time Media over Wi-Fi: MobilityOriginate, consume & terminate Lync services while mobileIncludes Lync RT-Media over Wi-Fi Nomadic

Lync over Wi-Fi: Aruba

Lync Server Certified Interoperable with Aruba Wi-FiAruba in Network Infrastructure Optimization Program

Uses smart APs and Application fingerprintingMassive benefit over Cisco

YesPrep Public Schools: 90% time/cost reduction (Case Study)

Packet Loss

Jitter (ms)

Delay (ms) MOS

Cisco .3679 6 27.75 2.249

Aruba .0102 1.5 11.25 3.902

Aruba Improveme

nt35x less 3x less 60%

less~75%Better

Available

Lync over Wi-Fi: Aruba

VoiceVideoData

One VLAN & one SSID for all applications

Different QoS levels over the air

Application fingerprintingIsolates encrypted applications

Different QoS levelson the wire Microsoft AD

And Exchange

Core enterprise network

Telephony Gateway

PSTN

Lync Server

Laptop with Lync

Mobile Device Access Control automatically detects multimedia enabled devicesApplication fingerprinting sets QoS based on flow type, not VLANWorks reliably even for encrypted signaling and/or mediaNo client software or proprietary drivers are required

Aruba Resourceshttp://arubanetworks.com/lync

Reference Guide: Deploying Lync Server 2010Solution Brief: Microsoft Lync

Have a Wi-Fi / Mobility Opportunity?Contact Aruba using their Microsoft Lync aliaslyncready@arubanetworks.com& they connect you with a local Aruba PartnerBoth partners agree to project “Terms of Engagement”. If not, they find another partner.Aruba Partner performs a ‘Lync Readiness Assessment’ and prepares a report and Wi-Fi proposal

Aruba ReadinessAssessment for Lync• What: Assesses readiness

of LAN, Wi-Fi, and guest access infrastructure to simultaneously handle voice, video, and data across a mix of client devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones)

• When: Aruba partner conducts assessment prior to bid preparation

• Why: Focuses the customer on our joint strengths – rich UC features, performance, security – and highlights new trends – like BYOD – they might have overlooked

• How: Customer needs analysis and on-site survey drive a proposed system design and ROI analysis

Networking Infrastructure Partners

Enhance network infra. expertise & credibility of the MS UC solutionBring to market best-in-class integrated UC/Networking solutions Publish documentation to assist in optimization of the network:Deliver differentiated UC + networking solutions through complementary product portfolios

Details: Lync Server Network Infrastructure Roadmap

Partner OCS 2007 R2 Lync

HP Published Published

Juniper Published Published

Brocade Published Published

Aruba N/A Published

Load Balancer Vendors

Load balancer vendors qualified to work with Lync (here)Vendor Vendor’s Lync Page

A10 Networks AX Series for Lync 2010 Overview and Deployment GuideArray Networks Deployment Guide for Array Networks APV Application Delivery Controllers and Microsoft Lync Server 2010 AVANU/CAI

NetworksCAI Networks' WebMux and Microsoft Lync 2010

Barracuda Barracuda Load Balancer Deployment Guide Brocade Brocade Communications' Microsoft Unified

Communications Solutions Citrix Systems Netscaler Developer Network F5 F5 Solutions Kemp LoadMaster Deployment Guide for Microsoft Lync 2010 Radware Radware AppDirector

optimizing the delivery of Microsoft Lync 2010

SIP Interoperability partners

A broad set of vendors qualified to work with Lync 2010 (here) for

Direct SIP: Audiocodes, Aastra, Cisco, Ferrari, Mitel, NET, DialogicIP-PBX: Alcatel-Lucent, Avaya, CiscoE.911 Service Providers: 911 Enable, Level 3E.911 ELIN Gateways: Audiocodes, 911 EnableSBA: Audiocodes, Dialogic, Ferrari, HP, NETSIP Trunking: BT, Colt, Global Crossing, Intelepeer, Interoute, Level 3, MyNetFone, Orange business services, Telenor, Speakup, Swisscom, Thinktel, Verizon Business, TDCSession Border Controllers: Acme Packet, Audiocodes, NET

In Review: Session Takeaways

Partners Lync demonstrates broad open interoperability and adapts to heterogeneous networks

Resiliency Recovers from bad networking/glitches much better than traditional hard-phone

CAC CAC + Adaptive Media Stack + Re-routing over the internet

Media Ports Optimize traffic at the workstation or the router. Separate traffic for modalities

DSCP Mark the packets as they hit the wire from Lync clients

LLDP & VLANs

Working across heterogeneous network architectures

Bandwidth Better quality of experience on any network with smart endpoints, management & monitoring across the network.

Related Content

EXL318 - Lync Deep Dive: Dial Plans and Voice Management Deep DiveEXL411 - Best Practices in Securing Your Microsoft Lync Server 2010 Edge ServersEXL42-HOL: Configuring Bandwidth Management and Call Admission Control in Microsoft Lync Server 2010

Product Demo Stations (EXL 2 LYNC)

70-664: TS: Microsoft Lync Server 2010, Configuring70-665: PRO: Microsoft Lync Server 2010, Administrator

Find Me Later – The Learning Center 6/12, 3:30PM-5:00PM

Track Resources

Lync Team Blog: http://blogs.technet.com/b/uc/

Lync Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/MicrosoftOfficeCommunicator

Lync Website: http://lync.microsoft.com/en-us/Pages/unified-communications.aspx

Lync Server Blog: http://blogs.technet.com/b/nexthop/

Resources

Connect. Share. Discuss.

http://northamerica.msteched.com

Learning

Microsoft Certification & Training Resources

www.microsoft.com/learning

TechNet

Resources for IT Professionals

http://microsoft.com/technet

Resources for Developers

http://microsoft.com/msdn

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