macromolecules molecules important to life. macromoleculeelementsbuilding block...
TRANSCRIPT
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Macromolecules
Molecules important to life
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Macromolecule Elements Building Block
Structure/ Function Examples
Carbohidrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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Notes:Elements in Macromolecules
Macromolecules have:
•Carbon (C )
•Hidrogen (H)
•Oxygen (O)
•Nitrogen (N)
•Phosphorus(P)
•Sulfate (S)
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Functional Groups
•NH2- amino
•OH- alcohol : polar
•COOH- carboxylic
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CarbohydratesBuilding Block: sugars (saccharide)Function: Source of Energy/precursorExamples of structure:
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(Examples in food)
Example:glucose
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Lipids- fatsBuilding Block: Fatty acids
Function: – Store energy, form cell membrane,
Examples of structure:
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Examples in food
Example:Fat cells
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ProteinsBuilding Block: amino acids/amino acidosFunctions: fight infection, source of energy, act as enzyme, carriers
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Examples in food
Example: hemoglobin in red blood cells
Example: keratin in hair
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Nucleic Acids
Building Block: Nucleotides
Function: Form DNA and RNA. Used for transmitting and storing the genetic code.
Structure:
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Examples:
DNARNA
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Types of Carbohydrates
Monossaccharide- 1 unit of sugar.
Dissaccharide- 2 units of sugar.
Polyssaccharide – More than
2 units of sugar.
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Proteins Formed
• The order of the amino acids determine the protein formed.
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Types of lipids
1.Saturated- solids at room temperature (NO double bonds between carbons)
-C-C-
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2. Unsaturated- liquids at room temperature ( 1 double bond between carbons)
-C=C-
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3. Polyunsaturated- (more than 1 double bond between carbons)
c=c-c=c
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Nucleotides in Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group.
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condensation - Remove water to form larger molecules.
Imortant Reactions
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Hydrolysis: Add water to break up molecules.
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