madrid, 9 de mayo de 2017 · 2017-05-09 · 2008/50/ec oms (2006) guÍas de calidad del aire rd...

Diagnóstico de la calidad del aire urbano y soluciones

Xavier QUEROL INSTITUTO DE DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL Y ESTUDIOS DEL AGUA, IDAEA, CSIC

[email protected]

Madrid, 9 de Mayo de 2017

La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas en Milán, Berlín y Madrid

mailto:[email protected]

• Contaminación atmosférica

• Parámetros críticos

• ¿Qué deberíamos de hacer?

• Acciones sobre el tráfico rodado

Contenido

http://airuse.eu/

ERC-A.G.

http://airuse.eu/

2008/50/EC OMS (2006) GUÍAS DE CALIDAD DEL AIRERD 102/2011

Horario 350 µg/m3 SO2 -- 24 veces/añoDiario 125 µg/m3 SO2 -- 3 veces/añoHorario 200 µg/m3 NO2 CE-OMS coincide 18 veces/añoAnual 40 µg/m3 NO2 CE-OMS coincide no superarAnual 5 µg/m3 C6H6 CE-OMS coincide no superarMedia 8-h max. En 1 día 10 mg/m3 CO CE-OMS coincide no superarAnual 500 ng/m3 Pb CE-OMS coincide no superarAnual 40 µg/m3 PM10 20 µg/m3 PM10 no superarAnual 25 µg/m3 PM2.5 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 no superar Max media 8 h de 1 día 120 µg/m3 O3 100 µg/m3 O3 (no superar nunca) no superar 25 días/añoComo media de 3 añosBaP anual 1 ng/m3 BaP 0.12 ng/m3 BaP no superar

VALORES GUÍA OMS (2006)

Contaminación atmosférica

1999/30/CEPM10 standards

Discarded by 2008/50/CE and postponed to 2013 when the 2008/50/CE would have been reviewed

Discarded by the Clean Air Quality package and postponed to 2020

By 2010 adopting WHO guidelines


23/11/2016

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2016


NO2 valor límite anual

El problema del NO2

30/11/2015

2013 2014


23/11/2016

2015: ZONAS CON SUPERACIÓN VALOR LIMITE ANUAL 2015: ZONAS CON SUPERACIÓN VALOR LIMITE HORARIO

El problema del NO2

¿Porqué NO2 tan alto?

El problema del NO2

El problema de las PM

Material particulado atmosférico (PM): Material heterogéneo sólido y / o líquido presente en suspensión EN la atmósfera

• Impacto en salud• Ecosistemas• Clima• Materiales de construcción• Visibilidad

ida

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PM10 valor límite diario 2013 PM10 valor límite diario 2014

30/11/2015

32/11/2016


23/11/2016


ZONAS CON SUPERACIONES VALOR LÍMITE DIARIO PM10 2015

ZONAS CON SUPERACIONES VALOR LÍMITE ANUAL

PM10 2015


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PM10 (annual mean)

1. Road Traffic is the main source contributing to PM10: 31-38% (ATH 23%)1.1. Vehicle exhaust + traffic related NO3

- are the main causes: 21-29% (ATH 15%)1.2. Non-exhaust vehicle emissions are also relevant: 8-11%

2. Regional OC and/or SO42- dominated pollution: 20-26% (POR-TR 10%)

3. Local dust : 10-19%4. Biomass burning very relevant in POR & FI (14-16%), less in ATH (7%) and negligible in BCN5. Industry BCN 11%, 4-5%, ATH <1%6. Non traffic-NO3

- 6-8% (2% POR)7. Shipping 4% in coastal sites8. African dust ATH 14%, 1-4%9. Sea salt POR 13%, 4-8%10. Anthropogenic dust (Local dust + Non exhaust) reaches 19-25%

PM2.5 (annual mean)

1. Road Traffic is the main source contributing to PM2.5: 28-39% (ATH 22%)1.1. Vehicle exhaust + traffic related NO3

- are the main causes: 25-34% (ATH 17%)1.2. Non-exhaust vehicle emissions are also relevant: 5-9% (BCN&FI 1-2% )

2. Regional OC and/or SO42- dominated pollution: 19-37% (POR 13%)

3. Local dust: POR 16%, 2-6%4. Biomass burning very relevant in MLN, FI & POR (18-21%), less in ATH (10%) and negligible in BCN5. Industry 5-12%, ATH <1%6. Non traffic-NO3

- 3-6% (POR 1%)7. Shipping 5-7% in coastal sites8. African dust: ATH 6%, <1%9. Sea salt POR 5%, <1-3%, 10. Anthropogenic dust (Local dust + Non exhaust) reaches 10-21%, BCN 7%, FI 4%

36-45% (ATH 15%)30-34% (ATH 6%)18-29% (ATH 3%, POR 6%)

BCN 19%, 2-6%POR 27%, 1-4% POR & FI (25-30%), ATH 1%, negligible in BCNBCN 17%, <1-3%BCN & FI 7-9% (1-2% POR & ATH)3-4% in coastal sitesATH 52%, 1%ATH 7%, 1-3%11-33%, ATH 4%

PM10 (days of exceedance)

32-42% (ATH 11%)31-40% (ATH 10%)1-7%

BCN & MLN 11-22%, 2-6%POR 22%, 1-2% POR, FI & MLN (26-33%), <2%BCN 18%, <1-3%BCN, FI & MLN 6-9% (1-3% POR & ATH)6-10% in coastal sitesATH 45%, 1%<1%-1%POR 15, 3-9%

PM2.5 (days of PM10 exceedance)


34%

31%

20%

11%

4%

22%

16%

46%

11%

5%

61%20%

14%

4%

1%

31%

37%

23%

7%

2%

45%

37%

6%

10%

2%BCN-UB FI-UB MLN-UB ATH-SUB

Primary: 35%Secondary: 65%




POR-TR ATH-TR



Secondary organics

Secondary inorganicsPrimary OM + EC

Primary: Mineral dust

Primary: Sea salt

PM2.5

37%

29%

27%

4%

3%





2013 PM10 & PM2.5 SOURCE APPORTIONMENT


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id aidæid aidid aidæ El problema del Benzo-a-pireno

BaP valor objetivo anualBaP 2013

20132014

2014

32/11/2016


23/11/2016

BaP valor objetivo anual, 2015

Manlleu, 1.35 ng/m3

El problema del Benzo-a-pireno

BaP valor objetivo anual, 2016

Manlleu,0.65 ng/m3

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http://www.geo.sunysb.edu/ess-workshops/lesson-plans.html

El problema del ozono troposférico

ida

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id aidæid aidid aidæ El problema del ozono troposférico

OZONO, valor objetivo media trienal

30/11/2015

2015

32/11/2016


23/11/2016

Authors: X. Querol1, N. Perez1, A. Alastuey1, C. Carnerero1, C. Reche1, M. Ealo1, G. Titos1, A. Ripoll1, M.C. Minguillon1, F. Amato1, T. Moreno1, M. Pandolfi1, Hong-Ku Lee2, Hee-Ram Eun2, Yong-Hee Park2, E. Mantilla3, M. Escudero4, F. J. Gómez-Moreno5, E. Alonso-Blanco5, E. Coz5, E. Diaz5, B. Artiñano5, M. García-Vivancos 5 F.

Martín5, S. García dos Santos6, R. Fernández-Patier6, A. Saiz-Lopez7, F. Serranía7, M. Anguas-Ballesteros7, A. Orio8, G. Gangoiti 9, L. Alonso9, J.R. Moreta10, J.L. Hernández Pérez10, J.J. Santamaría Lancho10, B. Temime-Roussel11, N. Marchand11, J. Pérez12, D. de la Paz12, D.C.S. Beddows13, R.M. Harrison13, K.-H. Ahn2

1Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034 Spain2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 425-791, Republic of Korea

3Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, CEAM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, P. Tecnológico C/ Charles R. Darwin, 14 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain4Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Ctra. de Huesca s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain

5Department of Environment, Joint Research Unit Atmospheric Pollution CIEMAT-CSIC, Madrid, 28040 Spain6Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28222 Spain

7Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, IQFR-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain8D.G. Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental, MAPAMA, Pl. San Juan de la Cruz s/n - 6ºplanta - A602, 28003 Madrid, Spain

9Escuela Técnica Superior Ingeniería de Bilbao, Departamento Ingeniería Química y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Urkixo Zumarkalea, S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain

10Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), C/ Leonardo Prietro Castro, 8, 28071 Madrid, Spain11Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseille, France

12Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales. Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y Medio Ambiente, UPM, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain13National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT United Kingdom. +Also at: Department of Environmental Sciences/Centre for Excellence in

Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

El problema del ozono troposférico

0

Ozono 2000-2015

Ozono Madrid Julio 2016

µg/m3

OX

28/06-27/07/2016Excluding NO2>25µg/m3

75-87

87-91

91-95

95-101

101-114

CENTRAL BELT

SW SECTOR

SE SECTOR

REFERENCE(Campisábalos)

REFERENCE(Ávila)

OX

¿Qué deberíamos hacer?

0. Air quality plans hould be devised at the scale of the metropolitan area

º

Medidas sobre tráfico rodado mejora de calidad del aire urbano

ii. Measures to reduce number of urban vehicles circulating

iii. Measures favoring renewal and transformation ofurban vehicle fleets (LEZ, taxes,..)

v. Urban re-design with priority to pedestrians and green areas

i. Improving public transport

iv. Urban distribution of goods (urban freight distribution) & taxis

vi vii

vi. Remediation measuresvii. Other non-technological measures


1. Medidas para reducir la entrada de vehículos

1.1. Transporte público

1.2. Peajes urbanos

1.3. Restricciones al parquin



Current tax:• 1 to 3.5 Euro for every passage• Max 11 Euro per day• Also foreign vehicles pay Automatic number plate recognition

>30 stations with APNR

Courtesy of Christer Johansson



100 000 more inhabitants…

…but no increase in traffic

(courtesy of Christer Johansson)



BARCELONA-2001-2015Querol et al., 2017. Non technological measures for urban air quality

y = 0,7141x + 468288R² = 0,7973

5,0E+05

5,1E+05

5,2E+05

5,3E+05

5,4E+05

5,5E+05

5,6E+05

5,7E+05

5,8E+05

5,9E+05

6,0E+05

6,1E+05

0,0E+00 5,0E+04 1,0E+05 1,5E+05 2,0E+05

Ave

rage

d v

eh

icle

s/w

ork

ing

day

in7

maj

or

inn

er

road

s

Parking free places in the city of Barcelona

y = -1,2957x + 599228R² = 0,7121

5,0E+05

5,1E+05

5,2E+05

5,3E+05

5,4E+05

5,5E+05

5,6E+05

5,7E+05

5,8E+05

5,9E+05

6,0E+05

6,1E+05

0,0E+00 1,0E+04 2,0E+04 3,0E+04 4,0E+04 5,0E+04 6,0E+04

Ave

rage

d v

eh

icle

s/w

ork

ing

day

in7

maj

or

inn

er

road

s

Payment or resident restricted parkings in Barcelona

¡Atención!

Muy positivo para BC-PM2.5

No para NO2

2. Medidas para renovar flota de los vehículos que entren


ZONAS DE BAJAS EMISIONES

15 Estados Miembros, 232 ciudades:- DE, NL, UK, NO, SE, DK, CZ, AT, HU, IT

AT (3)Autopistes Tirol

CZ (1)Praga

DE (50)Augsburg, Berlín, Bochum, Bonn, Bottrop, Bremen, Dinslaken, Dortmund, Duisburg,

Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Friburg, Gelsenkirchen, Halle (Saale), Hannover, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Herrenberg, Ilsfeld, Karlsruhe, Köln (Colonia), Krefeld, Leipzig, Leonberg, Leonberg,

Ludwigsburg, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Markgröningen, Mühlacker, Mühlheim, München, Münster, Neu-Ulm, Neuss, Oberhausen, Osnabrück, Pfinztal, Pforzheim, Pleidelsheim,

Pleidelsheim, Recklinghausen, Ratisbona, Reutlingen, Schwäbisch-Gmünd, Stuttgart, Tübingen, Ulm, Wuppertal

DK (5)Aalborg, Aarhus, Frederiksberg, Copenhague, Odense

GB (3)Londres, Oxford, Norwich

IT (42)Roma, Milán, Livorno, Pisa, Módena, Nápoles, Palermo, Parma, Pavía, Pisa, Regggio Emilia,

Rimini, Torino, Trento, Varese, Verona, Lodi, Lucca, Montove, Mezzocorona, Mondovi, Nichelino, Novara, Novi Ligure, Orbassano, Perugia, Piacenza, Prato, Ravenna......................

NL (13)Ámsterdam, Breda, Delft, La Haya, Eindhoven, Leiden, Maastrich, Rijswijk, Rotterdam,

Hertogenbosch, Schiedam, Tiburg, UtrechNO (3)

Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim,SE (6)

Estocolmo, Gotemburgo, Helsinburg, Lund, Malmo, MolndalFR

Paris: Testing in 2012

http://es.urbanaccessregulations.eu/

Peaje urbano

Otras restricciones

Zonas de baja emisión


Compromís metropolità per la mobilitat neta

5

APLICACIONS DE LES MESURES 2020

ZUAP

ZBEM

ZBEU 2

3

Euro 4

Euro 5

TAULA D’EQUIVALÈNCIES DGT MEDIDAS DE TRÁFICO*

1

1 2 3

Circulen

No Circulen

*Proposta de classificació actual dels vehicles feta per la DGT. Permet diferenciar Euro 3 i 4, però no euro 4 i 5 afectant ala zona intrarondes .

1.2.3. Implantació de Zones de Baixes Emissions (ZBEM, ZBEU, ZUAP) a l’àrea metropolitana

Per a establir els tipus d’afectacions (ZBEM, ZBEU, ZUAP), s’ha tractat de seguir la proposta d’Etiquetatge Verd de la Generalitat de Catalunya i laproposta que està preparant la DGT a nivell de tot l’Estat Espanyol.

Without ecolabel

Very positive effect to abate PM

A EURO1 diesel car, emits PM as 35 EURO5 diesel cars BUT NO EFFECT FOR NOX

Not so effective for

NOx


3. Distribución urbana de mercancías y taxi

• Electrificación e hibridación preferencial, 1 vehículo DUM = 12 turismos privados

debido al kmtrage

• Restricciones entre 7 i 11 am (meteo i tráfico desfavorables)

• Logística inteligente (nocturna, micro-plataformas,......)

• Regulación y complimiento espacio mínimo almacén en comercios

• No circulación taxis vacíos

• ......................



3. Reducir espacio vehículos e incremento peatonal, bicis y zonas verdes

Residents Buildingblock

p

bc

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 20 40 60

r

bc

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

10 20 30 40

A main contribution of road traffic emissions on indoor and outdoor Elemental Black Carbon

(EBC) levels was evidenced

High correlation between

average EBC levels at

different districts of the city

of Barcelona and the

percentage of surface area

used for the road network

R2=0.61 R2=0.32

EBC

(µ

gm-3

)

Percentage of area used for the road network

Percentage of area used for parks

Parallelism between mean

indoor and outdoor daily cycles.

Peaks of exposure inside the

classrooms determined by

outdoor concentrations0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

EBC

(µgm

-3)

Hour (lLocal Time)

Outdoor-Schools Indoor-Schools

Start of

school hours

End of

school

hours

In & outdoor

Reche et al., 2015. Real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of black carbon at primary schools. Atmos. Environ. Under review.


¡ Gracias por su atención [email protected]

Fotografía: Observatori Fabra

Agradecimientos:

Ministry of the Environment of Spain, Ministry Economy and Innovation of Spain

Regional AQ monitoring networks: Generalitat de Catalunya, Andalucía, Aragón, Asturias, Baleares, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla la Mancha, Castilla León, Euskadi, Extremadura, Galicia, Generalitat Valenciana, Madrid, Melilla, Murcia, Ayuntamientos de Barcelona, Madrid y Barcelona

O3 (max h) OX

y = 2.4497x - 4869.5R² = 0.6984

y = 0.8477x - 1632.1R² = 0.1558

y = 1.6022x - 3155.9R² = 0.3928

y = -0.2312x + 549.37R² = 0.0044

y = 2.2778x - 4511.5R² = 0.8023

y = 1.0389x - 2001.9R² = 0.5437

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

O3

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRRE

ARTURO SORIA

PLAZA DEL CARMEN

CASA DE CAMPO

BARRIO DEL PILAR

MAJADAHONDA

y = -0.149x + 366.06R² = 0.0045

y = -3.497x + 7122.5R² = 0.9327

y = -4.933x + 10011R² = 0.6233

y = -2.527x + 5179.3R² = 0.5461

y = -0.225x + 531.83R² = 0.0076

y = -0.426x + 949.5R² = 0.0316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

O3

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRRE

ARTURO SORIA

PLAZA DEL CARMEN

CASA DE CAMPO

BARRIO DEL PILAR

MAJADAHONDA

y = 3.1265x - 6229R² = 0.6192

y = 1.0143x - 1966.9R² = 0.1031

y = 2.1018x - 4159.8R² = 0.4751

y = -1.4776x + 3052.9R² = 0.0708

y = 2.5521x - 5062.5R² = 0.6879

y = 1.4808x - 2889.5R² = 0.5352

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

O3

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRRE

ARTURO SORIA

PLAZA DEL CARMEN

CASA DE CAMPO

BARRIO DEL PILAR

MAJADAHONDA

y = 2.4545x - 4853.5R² = 0.4613

y = 0.9545x - 1821.7R² = 0.0498

y = 2.3182x - 4574.8R² = 0.3399

y = 0.3091x - 511.49R² = 0.0036

y = 3.1091x - 6157.3R² = 0.5298

y = 1.4273x - 2756.6R² = 0.3236

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016O

3m

ax (µ

g/m

3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRREARTURO SORIAPLAZA DEL CARMENCASA DE CAMPOBARRIO DEL PILARMAJADAHONDALineal (ESCUELAS AGUIRRE)Lineal (ESCUELAS AGUIRRE)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (PLAZA DEL CARMEN)Lineal (PLAZA DEL CARMEN)

y = -4.7x + 9561.9R² = 0.9147

y = -8.7x + 17632R² = 0.8626

y = -6.9x + 13999R² = 0.6421

y = -2x + 4147.5R² = 0.1342

y = -2.8x + 5751.6R² = 0.169

y = -0.7x + 1531.4R² = 0.0163

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

O3

max

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRREARTURO SORIAPLAZA DEL CARMENCASA DE CAMPOBARRIO DEL PILARMAJADAHONDALineal (ESCUELAS AGUIRRE)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (PLAZA DEL CARMEN)Lineal (CASA DE CAMPO)

y = 3.1429x - 6236.3R² = 0.4022

y = 1.1548x - 2224.4R² = 0.0343

y = 2.5119x - 4964.5R² = 0.2829

y = -2.131x + 4389.3R² = 0.0751

y = 2.5595x - 5053.7R² = 0.2991

y = 0.7262x - 1348.7R² = 0.0797

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

O3

max

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRREARTURO SORIAPLAZA DEL CARMENCASA DE CAMPOBARRIO DEL PILARMAJADAHONDALineal (ESCUELAS AGUIRRE)Lineal (ESCUELAS AGUIRRE)Lineal (ESCUELAS AGUIRRE)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)Lineal (ARTURO SORIA)

y = 0.788x - 1472.6R² = 0.0788

y = -0.2317x + 568.5R² = 0.0051

y = 0.4154x - 726.1R² = 0.0134

y = -0.6523x + 1413R² = 0.0309

y = 0.6047x - 1109.6R² = 0.0962

y = 1.3019x - 2513.1R² = 0.4554

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OX

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRRE

ARTURO SORIA

PLAZA DEL CARMEN

CASA DE CAMPO

BARRIO DEL PILAR

MAJADAHONDA

y = 4.1337x - 8211.4R² = 0.757

y = 3.1159x - 6174.7R² = 0.1784

y = -1.0685x + 2267.1R² = 0.0335

y = -2.4967x + 5132.9R² = 0.4485

y = -0.7595x + 1641.5R² = 0.0313

y = 0.1995x - 291.57R² = 0.0026

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OX

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRRE

ARTURO SORIA

PLAZA DEL CARMEN

CASA DE CAMPO

BARRIO DEL PILAR

MAJADAHONDA

y = -0.4702x + 1054.8R² = 0.0141

y = -1.7628x + 3643.7R² = 0.1304

y = -0.7139x + 1542R² = 0.0184

y = -1.6653x + 3447.8R² = 0.0775

y = 0.0818x - 59.377R² = 0.0009

y = 1.6319x - 3175.7R² = 0.392

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

OX

(µg/

m3 )

ESCUELAS AGUIRRE

ARTURO SORIA

PLAZA DEL CARMEN

CASA DE CAMPO

BARRIO DEL PILAR

MAJADAHONDA

O3

Ozono Madrid 2006-2016

y = 5.9051x - 150.44R² = 0.4924

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

N h

ours

exc

eedi

ng 1

80 µ

g/m

3O

3

mean monthly T (oC) for July 2006 to 2016

y = 5.3578x - 177.74R² = 0.3561

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

N h

ours

exc

eedi

ng 1

80 µ

g/m

3O

3

mean monthly max. T (oC) for July 2006 to 2016

y = -4.7572x + 58.292R² = 0.1036

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

9 10 11 12 13

N h

ours

exc

eedi

ng 1

80 µ

g/m

3O

3

mean monthly wind speed (km/h) July 2006 to 2016

y = 6.3449x - 105.85R² = 0.4846

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

N h

ours

exc

eedi

ng 1

80 µ

g/m

3O

3

mean monthly min. T (oC) for July 2006 to 2016

y = 0.1364x - 273.86R² = 0.2394

y = 0.2636x - 528.81R² = 0.1643

y = 0.1909x - 383.37R² = 0.2722

y = 0.6091x - 1222.8R² = 0.3117

y = 0.6273x - 1259.5R² = 0.2419

y = 0.3x - 602.39R² = 0.174

y = 0.2101x - 395.85R² = 0.1814

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

mea

n T

for

July

(ºC)

Hou

rly

exce

edan

ces

info

rmat

ion

O3

ESCUELAS AGUIRREARTURO SORIAPLAZA DEL CARMENCASA DE CAMPOBARRIO DEL PILARMAJADAHONDAT (ºC)

Ozono Madrid 2006-2016

PM de rodadura

38

longitude

latit

ud

e

35

40

45

50

-10 0 10 20 30

rd

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Road dust

Loading

mg/m2


year 0 year 4-5

ii. Measures to reduce number

of urban vehicles circulating

iii. Measures favoring renewal

of urban vehicle fleets (LEZ)

iv. Urban distribution of goods

(urban freight distribution) &

taxis

v. Urban re-design with

priority to pedestrians and

green areas

i. Improving public transport

vi. Remediation measures

vii. Other non-technological

measures

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 01 02/01/2017

-35%

-13%

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

-43%

-17%

N of cars in central Madrid (inner M30 ring road) area 9-21h

Average NO2/SO2 in 8 air quality monitoring sites in the largest central Madrid 9-21 h

y = 1,1164x - 499191R² = 0,7973

0,0E+00

2,0E+04

4,0E+04

6,0E+04

8,0E+04

1,0E+05

1,2E+05

1,4E+05

1,6E+05

1,8E+05

2,0E+05

5,0E+05 5,2E+05 5,4E+05 5,6E+05 5,8E+05 6,0E+05 6,2E+05

Nu

mb

er

of

free o

utd

oo

rp

ub

lic

park

ing

pla

ces

Averaged vehicles/working day in 7 major inner roads

y = -0,6013x + 367590R² = 0,7847

0,0E+00

1,0E+04

2,0E+04

3,0E+04

4,0E+04

5,0E+04

6,0E+04

7,0E+04

5,0E+05 5,2E+05 5,4E+05 5,6E+05 5,8E+05 6,0E+05 6,2E+05

Nu

mb

er

of

paym

en

to

utd

oo

rp

ub

lic

park

ing

pla

ces

Averaged vehicles/working day in 7 major inner roads

4,6E+05

4,8E+05

5,0E+05

5,2E+05

5,4E+05

5,6E+05

5,8E+05

6,0E+05

6,2E+05

0,0E+00

2,0E+04

4,0E+04

6,0E+04

8,0E+04

1,0E+05

1,2E+05

1,4E+05

1,6E+05

1,8E+05

2,0E+05

Number of free outdoor public parking places in the city of Barcelona

Number of vehicles/working day in 7 major inner roads

5,0E+05

5,2E+05

5,4E+05

5,6E+05

5,8E+05

6,0E+05

6,2E+05

1,0E+04

2,0E+04

3,0E+04

4,0E+04

5,0E+04

6,0E+04Number of payment outdoor public parking places in the city of Barcelona

Number of vehicles/working day in 7 major inner roads

Av

era

ged

veh

icle

s/w

ork

ing

day

in

7 m

ajo

rin

ner

road

s

Av

era

ged

veh

icle

s/w

ork

ing

day

in

7 m

ajo

rin

ner

road

s

Nu

mb

er

of fre

e o

utd

oo

rp

ub

lic

park

ing

pla

ces

Nu

mb

er

of p

aym

en

to

utd

oo

r

pu

blic

park

ing

pla

ces

Annual 2001-2015 means Annual 2001-2015 means

madrid, 9 de mayo de 2017 · 2017-05-09 · 2008/50/ec oms (2006) guÍas de calidad del aire rd...

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