magneto timing - san diego miramar...
TRANSCRIPT
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Magneto Timing
• The two areas of timing a magneto are internal, and external.
• A number of things must occur at the same time, or in a well orchestrated sequence for the engine to function.
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Magneto Timing
• Within the magneto the magnetic rotor must be just past neutral axis (E-Gap).
• The points must be just opening.• And the distribution rotor must be
pointed at the correct cylinder.
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Magneto Timing
• Within the engine the intake and exhaust valve must be closed.
• The piston/cylinder that is to fire must be close to the top of its compression stroke.
• It must have a fresh air/fuel charge.
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Magneto Timing
• The selected wire(s) from the magneto(s) distributor must be connected to this cylinder.
• And the crankshaft/magneto must be spinning.
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Magneto Timing
• If all of these conditions are met, the cylinder will fire.
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Magneto Timing
• Timing is initially set internally in the magneto.
• It is then set to the engine.• Both “setting procedures” may call for
initial gross settings, followed by some means for fine adjustment.
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Magneto Timing
• Usually the first thing to be set is the distributor/rotor alignment.
• Depending on the magneto, the distributor will be indexed to the rotor shaft during initial assembly of the magneto upper and lower housing.
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Magneto Timing
• This calls for correct alignment of the drive and driven gears.
• There are indicator marks for this alignment.
• Most can be set for either left (CCW) or right (CW) hand rotation.
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Magneto Timing
• The next step is to install the rotor/points cam. On some this can be indexed infinitely, and others it will be one or two positions depending on rotation.
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Magneto Timing
• Then for most magnetos, set the rotor at the points opening position (E-Gap)
• Adjust the points to just open.• Move rotor to maximum opening to
verify the points range of operation.
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Magneto Timing
• If the points don’t have the correct range of operation, even though they are in time, the coil will not charge correctly.
• Or the points will wear out prematurely.
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Magneto Timing
• Once E-Gap and range are within limits, auxiliary points may be adjusted.
• Adjustment of points will require the use of a feeler gauge, a screw driver and a degrees of rotation indicator.
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Magneto Timing
• The points are secured with two screws, where one attachment is slotted. By carefully moving the slotted end with the other screw snug it can be set, and secured.
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Magneto Timing
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Magneto Timing
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Aircraft Magneto Operation
• Critical Safety Note:• Treat all aircraft engines as if they were
a loaded Gun• MAGNETO grounding systems fail
commonly
• Stay clear of the Propeller Arc
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Aircraft Magneto Operation
• Aircraft magnetos are attached to the engine case with adjustable hold down clamps or fasteners
• Aircraft engines use two independentmagnetos
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Aircraft Magneto Operation
• The gear drive must be correctly aligned to the engine gears
• They have a spark lead for each cylinder
• To maintain proper timing each lead must be attached to the correct cylinder
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Aircraft Magneto Operation
• Each magneto must be set so that they spark simultaneously
• They must do this when the crankshaft and camshaft are in the correct position
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Installation and Adjustment
• Upon initial installation they must inserted with the drive gears correctly meshed to the engine
• This is done by rotating the propeller to No.1 cyl on compression stroke
• A timing mark on the crankshaft or ring gear is aligned with the case split
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Case Split
T C
24
3
2
Timing marks
Front of engine
Cyl. No. 1 on compression stroke
1
2
Installation and Adjustment
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Installation and Adjustment
• The magneto is then set to No. 1 spark lead just firing– This can be done by locating either a
chamfered internal tooth, or some use an alignment pin inserted into the housing
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Chamfered tooth
Timing mark
Timing pin
Timing gear view hole
Installation and Adjustment
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Installation and Adjustment
• Do not rotate the crankshaft or the magneto until all alignment jigs have been removed
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Installation and Adjustment
• Each magneto is now installed carefully maintaining alignment
• Once they are both clamped snugly in place a buzz box can be used to “fine tune” the setting
• The buzzer will change tone when the internal switch just opens
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Installation and Adjustment
• The buzzer has three leads, one for each mag, and one for ground
• The buzzer leads are attached to the P-leads outputs on the mag
• Lightly tap the magneto housing with a knuckle for fine movements.
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Installation and Adjustment
• Be sure to rotate the magneto in a fashion that eliminates any gear or impulse coupling freeplay
• Set the second magneto identical to the first unless otherwise specified
• Clamp each unit down and rotate propeller to verify accuracy
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Installation and Adjustment
• Often tightening magnetos will change their setting
• Make sure P-leads are attached and functional
• Once this is done attach spark plug leads in the correct locations
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Engine firing order is the sequence of spark events that must occur for all cylinders to produce power.
• It is established by the engine’s crank & camshaft.
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Magneto firing order is always 1, 2, 3, 4, ? Etc.
• #1 mag will always go to #1 cylinder, then #2 mag goes to #3 or #4 depending on the manufacturer.
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Cylinder numbering is set by the manufacturer.
• Lycoming is with #1 in front odds on the right.
• Continental is #1 rear odds on the right
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Radials put #1 on top, rear bank if twin bank.
• Odds to the rear and evens to the front in direction of crankshaft rotation.
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• For all Lycoming and Continental 4 and 6 cyl engines the firing order of the engines are the same.
• This is due to the difference in numbering and firing order.
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Lycoming 4 Cyl2 14 3
• Firing order = 1, 3, 2, 4• Continental 4 Cyl
4 32 1
• Firing order = 1, 4, 2, 3
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Lycoming Continental 2 1 6 54 3 4 36 5 2 1
• 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, 6 1, 6, 3, 2, 5, 4
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Spark Plug Firing Order
• Five, seven, and nine cylinder radials fire odds the evens.
• Twin banks fire opposite side/opposite bank, roughly.
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High Voltage Distribution
• Generally most ignition systems develop high voltage in the magneto then distribute it via high tension wires.
• These wires are positively mechanically attached.
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High Voltage Distribution
• They will have an inner core of stranded wire.
• An outer core of shielded wire.• The attachments should ground the
shielding on both ends.• The high voltage shielding is provided
by a 4mm thick layer of insulation.
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High Voltage Distribution
• The leads going from the magneto points to the kill switch will also be shielded but not of the high tension variety.
• The problem with high tension voltage is it produces large amounts of EMF energy.
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Low Voltage Distribution
• This system is used for engines operated at high altitude.
• The coils are suspended on the end of the spark plugs.
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Low Voltage Distribution
• The mag has a primary coil that feeds a second primary coil at the plug end. It is wound with the secondary coil.
• The high voltage tends to easily leak at low atmospheric pressures
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Starting Devices
• There are several types of units designed to assist engine starting.
• The magneto is not setup very well for the low RPM situation found during start.
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Starting Devices
• The most common is a impulse coupler.• This device works by having fly weights
that catch stop pins at slow RPM.
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Starting Devices
• The pin stops the mag for about 20° then lets it fly back to original timing.
• This gives it retarded timing and faster mag speed.
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Starting Devices
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Starting Devices
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Starting Devices
• One problem these have is the new generation of starters and light weight high current wiring.
• This allows the starter to spin the engine faster than the coupler is designed to work.
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Starting Devices
• They are typically installed on the leftmag only.
• The ignition switch should account for this and disable the right one during start.
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Starting Devices
• Another type is the induction vibrator.• It provides a rapid firing battery powered
spark during the timing event.
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Starting Devices
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Starting Devices
• The Bendix S-200 series use an additional “retard” breaker assembly.
• This actuates an additional battery powered ignition circuit timing to fire very late.
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Starting Devices
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Starting Devices
• The vibrator section will only operate when the starter circuit is on, the retard points are open and the main points are open.
• Power comes from the starter circuit, and the other two points will ground the vibrator.
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Combined Ign/strt sw
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Spark plugs
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Spark plugs