Main Idea:Main Idea:The The SuiSui and and Tang Tang dynasties reuniteddynasties reunitedand rebuilt China after years of war.and rebuilt China after years of war.

After the After the Han Han empire empire ended, ended, 11..China China broke broke into 17 into 17 kingdomskingdoms and and war war and and povertypovertywere were everywheeverywherere..

2.2.WarlordWarlordss, or , or military military leaders leaders who run who run a a governmgovernment, ent, fought fought with each with each otherother 3.3.NomadNomads invaded s invaded and and conquereconquered parts of d parts of northern northern China.China.

4.4.TheThe people people of the of the Korean Korean peninsulpeninsula ended a ended Chinese Chinese rule rule by by breaking breaking away away andand built built their their own own separate separate civilizaticivilization.on.

►China China was was finally finally united united by a by a Chinese Chinese general general named named Wendi,Wendi, who who founded founded the a the a new new dynasty dynasty called called the the SuiSui..

►After Wendi died, his son After Wendi died, his son Yangdi became emperor.Yangdi became emperor.

►Yangdi tried to expand and improve China’sYangdi tried to expand and improve China’s territory in the following ways:territory in the following ways:

1.1. He He sent an sent an army to fight the army to fight the

KoreansKoreans but but was defeated.was defeated.

2.2. He He had the had the Great Wall Great Wall

rebuilt.rebuilt.

3.3. He He built the built the Grand Canal linking Grand Canal linking the Chan Jiang and the Chan Jiang and

Huang He RiversHuang He Rivers which which became an importantbecame an important

route for shipping route for shipping products betweenproducts between north and south.north and south.

► 4.4. Yangdi improved China’s economy. Yangdi improved China’s economy.

Finally, the Finally, the farmers revolted, the army took farmers revolted, the army took control, and Yangdi was killedcontrol, and Yangdi was killed. The Sui dynasty . The Sui dynasty ended.ended.

►An An economyeconomy is an organized way in is an organized way in which people produce, sell, and buy which people produce, sell, and buy things.things.

►Yangdi made many Chinese angry for theYangdi made many Chinese angry for the following reasons:following reasons:

1.1. He placed hardships on the people by forcing He placed hardships on the people by forcing them to work on the Great Wall and Grand Canal.them to work on the Great Wall and Grand Canal.

►2.2. He made the people pay high taxes He made the people pay high taxes to pay for his projects.to pay for his projects.

► In A.D.618, one of In A.D.618, one of Yangdi’s generals Yangdi’s generals took over China and took over China and set up the set up the TangTang dynasty. dynasty.

► It’s capital, It’s capital, ChanganChangan, became a , became a magnificent city magnificent city with with one millionone million people.people.

► The most powerful The most powerful Tang emperor was Tang emperor was named named Taizong.Taizong.

► In the late A.D. 600s, In the late A.D. 600s, a woman named a woman named WuWu Zetian Zetian ruled China.ruled China.

► She was the only She was the only woman in history to woman in history to rule China on her rule China on her own.own.

► She added more She added more officials to the officials to the government and government and strengthened the strengthened the military forcesmilitary forces..

► Taizong and other Tang rulers worked to strengthen China Taizong and other Tang rulers worked to strengthen China and make reforms.and make reforms.

► ReformsReforms are changes that bring about improvements. are changes that bring about improvements.► Reforms made by the Tang included:Reforms made by the Tang included:

1.1. Restored the civil service exam system Restored the civil service exam system making making government officials positions based on how well they did government officials positions based on how well they did on exams rather than family connections.on exams rather than family connections.

2.2. Gave land to farmersGave land to farmers and brought order to the countryside. and brought order to the countryside.3.3. Strengthened the military forcesStrengthened the military forces..4.4. Expanded China’s territoryExpanded China’s territory in the west and in the west and took control of took control of

the Silk Roadthe Silk Road5.5. Marched into Korea and Marched into Korea and forced the Korean kingdoms to forced the Korean kingdoms to

pay tribute.pay tribute.

►TributeTribute is a special kind is a special kind

of tax that one of tax that one

country pays to anothercountry pays to another

to be left alone.to be left alone.

►After 300 years of rule,After 300 years of rule,

the Tang began the Tang began

to have problems.to have problems.

►A new group of nomads,A new group of nomads,

the the Turks, drove the Tang Turks, drove the Tang

armies out of central Asia,armies out of central Asia,

took control of thetook control of the

Silk Road,Silk Road, and damaged and damaged

China’s economy.China’s economy.

►Revolts and disorderRevolts and disorder

among the peopleamong the people

brought down the brought down the

Tang dynasty.Tang dynasty.

►50 years after the fall of 50 years after the fall of the Tang, the Tang, a military generala military general

declared himself emperordeclared himself emperor and set up the Song dynasty.and set up the Song dynasty.

►They moved their They moved their capital tocapital to

the south at the south at HangzhouHangzhou..

►The Song ruled from The Song ruled from A.D.960-1279 which wasA.D.960-1279 which was a a period of prosperity period of prosperity

and cultural achievement.and cultural achievement.

►The Song lost power due The Song lost power due to to problemsproblems

controlling their large controlling their large empire because theyempire because they

did not have enough soldiers.did not have enough soldiers.

►Main Idea:Main Idea:

Buddhism became Buddhism became popular in China popular in China and spread to and spread to KoreaKorea and and JapanJapan

Buddhism

Buddhism became popularin China and spread to

Korea andJapan

Buddhism spread toChina from

India

Buddhism became popular with thepeople because ittaught that peoplecould escape from suffering and find

peace andcomfort.

Many Chinese Buddhists became monks and Nuns and

lived inplaces called monasteries

where they spent timepraying and meditating.

► Buddhist temples and monasteries provided Buddhist temples and monasteries provided services for the people such as:services for the people such as:

1.1. They ran schools.They ran schools.2.2. They provided rooms and food for travelers.They provided rooms and food for travelers.3.3. They served as bankers.They served as bankers.4.4. They provided medical care.They provided medical care.

► Not all Chinese liked Buddhism because:Not all Chinese liked Buddhism because:

1.1. They thought it was wrong for the temples to They thought it was wrong for the temples to accept donations.accept donations.

2.2. They thought that monks and nuns weakened They thought that monks and nuns weakened respect for family life because they were not respect for family life because they were not allowed to marry.allowed to marry.

In the early A.D.800’s Tang officials feared In the early A.D.800’s Tang officials feared Buddhism’s growing power and saw it as Buddhism’s growing power and saw it as an an enemy of China’s traditions.enemy of China’s traditions.They They believed it weakened respect for family lifebelieved it weakened respect for family life because monks and nuns were not allowed to because monks and nuns were not allowed to marry.marry.Many Many Buddhist monasteries and templesBuddhist monasteries and temples were were destroyeddestroyed by the Tang. by the Tang.Korea had broken free from China and was Korea had broken free from China and was divided into three independent kingdoms.divided into three independent kingdoms.In the A.D. 300’s In the A.D. 300’s many Chinese Buddhists many Chinese Buddhists brought their religion to Korea.brought their religion to Korea.In A.D. 660, the Koreans united to form one In A.D. 660, the Koreans united to form one country and country and Buddhism grew stronger in KoreaBuddhism grew stronger in Korea..Buddhism Buddhism later spread to Japan later spread to Japan from Korea.from Korea.

►Main Ideas:Main Ideas:►The Tang dynasty returned to the The Tang dynasty returned to the

ideas ofideas of Confucius and created a Confucius and created a new class of new class of scholar-officialsscholar-officials..

► Confucius and his Confucius and his followers believed that followers believed that good government good government depended on having depended on having wise leaderswise leaders – Te. – Te.

► Civil service Civil service examinationsexaminations were a were a product of Confucian product of Confucian ideas intended to recruit ideas intended to recruit talented government talented government officials.officials.

► The The TangTang and and Song Song rulers brought rulers brought Confucianism back into Confucianism back into favor.favor.

► The Tang and Song dynasties both gave The Tang and Song dynasties both gave support to a new kind of Confucianism support to a new kind of Confucianism called called neo-Confucianism.neo-Confucianism.

► It was created to reduce Buddhism’s It was created to reduce Buddhism’s popularity which popularity which taught that life in this taught that life in this world was just as important as the world was just as important as the afterlife.afterlife.

► It It combined aspects of both Buddhism combined aspects of both Buddhism and Daoism.and Daoism.

► Expected followers to Expected followers to take part in their take part in their present life and help others.present life and help others.

► Confucianism became more than a system of Confucianism became more than a system of rules for being good, but rather a religion rules for being good, but rather a religion with beliefs about the spiritual world.with beliefs about the spiritual world.

► Neo-Confucianism taught that Neo-Confucianism taught that if people if people followed Confucius’s teachings they would followed Confucius’s teachings they would find peace of mind and live in harmony with find peace of mind and live in harmony with nature.nature.

► Neo-Confucianism became a way to Neo-Confucianism became a way to strengthen the Chinese government because:strengthen the Chinese government because:

► 1. 1. Civil service examinations were used to Civil service examinations were used to hire officials.hire officials.

► 2. 2. The bureaucracy was based on a merit The bureaucracy was based on a merit systemsystem where people are accepted for what where people are accepted for what they can do and not on their riches or they can do and not on their riches or personal contactspersonal contacts..

► Civil service examinations tested job Civil service examinations tested job seekers on theirseekers on their knowledge of Confucian knowledge of Confucian writingswritings and was very difficult. and was very difficult.

► Passing Passing required writing the Chinese required writing the Chinese languagelanguage with style and understanding. with style and understanding.

►Only menOnly men were allowed to take the tests. were allowed to take the tests.►Only rich people had the money neededOnly rich people had the money needed

to help their sons study for the tests.to help their sons study for the tests.►Only one in five men passedOnly one in five men passed the the

examination.examination.

►Over the years the Over the years the examination system examination system created a new wealthy created a new wealthy class in China made up class in China made up of of Scholar-OfficialsScholar-Officials who who were set apart from were set apart from society by strict rules.society by strict rules.

► Scholar-OfficialsScholar-Officials were were not allowed to do not allowed to do physical work and were physical work and were taught not to use their taught not to use their hands except for hands except for paintingpainting or or writing.writing.