making sense of open source licenses
DESCRIPTION
Version of my talk given at Apache Roadshow Shanghai 2011TRANSCRIPT
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Making Sense of Open Source Licenses
J Aaron Farr
Apache Asia Roadshow 2011
1Wednesday, October 26, 2011
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开源许可证
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Open Source ≠
Development Methodology
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Open Source =
License
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Open Source↓
License↓
Rights and Conditions↓
Empower↓
Community5Wednesday, October 26, 2011
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The license determinesthe rules the community
lives by.
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Different licenses createdifferent communities.
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Free Software&
Open Source
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The license captures thecommunity philosophy.
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Making Sense of OSS Licenses
Goals
Philosophy
Example Uses
Community Implications
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Why Not Public Domain?
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Why Not Public Domain?
Warranty
Attribution
Requirements on distribution
Requirements on derivative works
To ensure code remains open source
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A license is chosen to reach certain goals.
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What goals?
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License Goals
Ensure certain code remains open source
Reserve control
Build a commercial coalition
Encourage third-party marketplace
Challenge competitors
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Free Software Definition
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Four Freedoms
Freedom to run the program
Freedom to study and adapt the program
Freedom to redistribute
Freedom to improve
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Copyleft
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Open Source Definition
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Open Source Software Definition
Free Redistribution
Source Code
Derived Works
Integrity of Author’s Code
No Discrimination
Distribution of the License
No Specific Technology
Cannot Restrict Other Software
Technology-Neutral
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Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL-3.0)Affero GNU Public License: See "GNU Affero General Public License 3.0 (AGPL-3.0)"Adaptive Public License (APL-1.0)Apache License 2.0 (Apache-2.0)Apple Public Source License (APSL-2.0)Artistic license 2.0 (Artistic-2.0)Attribution Assurance Licenses (AAL)BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License (BSD-3-Clause)BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" License (BSD-2-Clause)Boost Software License (BSL-1.0)Computer Associates Trusted Open Source License 1.1 (CATOSL-1.1)Common Development and Distribution License 1.0 (CDDL-1.0)Common Public Attribution License 1.0 (CPAL-1.0)CUA Office Public License Version 1.0 (CUA-OPL-1.0)EU DataGrid Software License (EUDatagrid)Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL-1.0)Educational Community License, Version 2.0 (ECL-2.0)Eiffel Forum License V2.0 (EFL-2.0)Entessa Public License (Entessa)European Union Public License, Version 1.1 (EUPL-1.1) (links to every language's version on their site)Fair LicenseFrameworx License (Frameworx-1.0)GNU Affero General Public License v3 (AGPL-3.0)
GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2.0)GNU General Public License version 3.0 (GPL-3.0)GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 2.1 (LGPL-2.1)GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 3.0 (LGPL-3.0)Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer (HPND)IBM Public License 1.0 (IPL-1.0)IPA Font License (IPA)ISC License (ISC)LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c (LPPL-1.3c)Lucent Public License Version 1.02MirOS LicenceMicrosoft Public License (Ms-PL)Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)MIT license (MIT)Motosoto License (Motosoto)Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL-1.1)Multics LicenseNASA Open Source Agreement 1.3 (NASA 1.3)NTP License (NTP)Naumen Public License (Naumen)Nethack General Public License (NGPL)Nokia Open Source LicenseNon-Profit Open Software License 3.0 (Non-Profit OSL 3.0)OCLC Research Public License 2.0 (OCLC-2.0)Open Font License 1.1 (OFL 1.1)Open Group Test Suite License (OGTSL)Open Software License 3.0 (OSL-3.0)
PHP License 3.0 (PHP-3.0)The PostgreSQL License (PostgreSQL)Python License (Python-2.0) (overall Python license)CNRI Python license (CNRI portion of Python License)Q Public License (QPL-1.0)RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0 (RPSL-1.0)Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5)Ricoh Source Code Public License (RSCPL)Simple Public License 2.0 (Simple-2.0)Sleepycat License (Sleepycat)Sun Public License (SPL)Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0 (Watcom-1.0)University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License (NCSA)Vovida Software License v. 1.0 (VSL-1.0)W3C LicensewxWindows Library License (WXwindows)X.Net License (Xnet)Zope Public License 2.0 (ZPL-2.0)zlib/libpng license (Zlib)
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Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL-3.0)Affero GNU Public License: See "GNU Affero General Public License 3.0 (AGPL-3.0)"Adaptive Public License (APL-1.0)Apache License 2.0 (Apache-2.0)Apple Public Source License (APSL-2.0)Artistic license 2.0 (Artistic-2.0)Attribution Assurance Licenses (AAL)BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License (BSD-3-Clause)BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" License (BSD-2-Clause)Boost Software License (BSL-1.0)Computer Associates Trusted Open Source License 1.1 (CATOSL-1.1)Common Development and Distribution License 1.0 (CDDL-1.0)Common Public Attribution License 1.0 (CPAL-1.0)CUA Office Public License Version 1.0 (CUA-OPL-1.0)EU DataGrid Software License (EUDatagrid)Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL-1.0)Educational Community License, Version 2.0 (ECL-2.0)Eiffel Forum License V2.0 (EFL-2.0)Entessa Public License (Entessa)European Union Public License, Version 1.1 (EUPL-1.1) (links to every language's version on their site)Fair LicenseFrameworx License (Frameworx-1.0)GNU Affero General Public License v3 (AGPL-3.0)
GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2.0)GNU General Public License version 3.0 (GPL-3.0)GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 2.1 (LGPL-2.1)GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License version 3.0 (LGPL-3.0)Historical Permission Notice and Disclaimer (HPND)IBM Public License 1.0 (IPL-1.0)IPA Font License (IPA)ISC License (ISC)LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c (LPPL-1.3c)Lucent Public License Version 1.02MirOS LicenceMicrosoft Public License (Ms-PL)Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL)MIT license (MIT)Motosoto License (Motosoto)Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL-1.1)Multics LicenseNASA Open Source Agreement 1.3 (NASA 1.3)NTP License (NTP)Naumen Public License (Naumen)Nethack General Public License (NGPL)Nokia Open Source LicenseNon-Profit Open Software License 3.0 (Non-Profit OSL 3.0)OCLC Research Public License 2.0 (OCLC-2.0)Open Font License 1.1 (OFL 1.1)Open Group Test Suite License (OGTSL)Open Software License 3.0 (OSL-3.0)
PHP License 3.0 (PHP-3.0)The PostgreSQL License (PostgreSQL)Python License (Python-2.0) (overall Python license)CNRI Python license (CNRI portion of Python License)Q Public License (QPL-1.0)RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0 (RPSL-1.0)Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5)Ricoh Source Code Public License (RSCPL)Simple Public License 2.0 (Simple-2.0)Sleepycat License (Sleepycat)Sun Public License (SPL)Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0 (Watcom-1.0)University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License (NCSA)Vovida Software License v. 1.0 (VSL-1.0)W3C LicensewxWindows Library License (WXwindows)X.Net License (Xnet)Zope Public License 2.0 (ZPL-2.0)zlib/libpng license (Zlib)69
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License Proliferation开源许可的增殖问题
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Most Common Licenses
Apache License, 2.0
BSD licenses
GNU General Public License (GPL)
GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
MIT license
Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL)
Common Development and Distribution License
Eclipse Public License
Artistic Licenses
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Open Source License Families
- Dave Johnsonhttp://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_fixes_gimmem
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Open Source License Families
Give Me Credit
AL, BSD, MIT
- Dave Johnsonhttp://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_fixes_gimmem
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Open Source License Families
Give Me Credit
AL, BSD, MIT
Give Me Fixes
MPL, EPL, LGPL
- Dave Johnsonhttp://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_fixes_gimmem
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Open Source License Families
Give Me Credit
AL, BSD, MIT
Give Me Fixes
MPL, EPL, LGPL
Give Me Everything
GPL
- Dave Johnsonhttp://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_fixes_gimmem
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Give Me Credit
Software “Commons”
Derivatives can sub-license
May have some conditions
No warranty
Credit to original authors required
Apache (AL), BSD, MIT
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Give Me Credit
Universal donor
Limited control by any one entity
Little value in direct commercial licensing
Allows for commercial product development
Allows for competing services
Commoditized and “low-level”
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Give Me Fixes
File or derivative based conditions
Original author may have special rights
Differentiate between source and binary
Larger works can be under a different license
Mozilla (MPL), Eclipse (EPL/CPL), LGPL
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Give Me Fixes
Single entity control
Still very “business friendly”
Encourages incorporation of code into larger works
Ensures direct development benefits all
Tends towards libraries or platforms
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Give Me Everything
Copyleft
Derivative works remain under the license
Linked works may also remain under the license
Ensures all ‘down stream’ have the same rights
GPL
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Give Me Everything
All direct development is contributed back
Contributors assured code remains open source
Encourages a full free software economy
Copyright holder retains much control
Limits commercial adoption
Dual-license business strategy
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License Scope
“Viral Index”
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License Scope
AL MPL GPL
“Viral Index”
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License Compatibility
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Can I Relicense?
AL MPL / LGPL GPL
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Apache License
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Apache License
Permissive License (Gimme Credit)
Requires Attribution via a NOTICE file
No Trademark Grant
Grant of Patent License
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Apache License Philosophy
To allow the maximum use of our software for any purpose and by all people.
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Making Sense of OSS Licenses
Goals
Philosophy
Example Uses
Community Implications
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Open Source License Families
Give Me Credit
AL, BSD, MIT
Give Me Fixes
MPL, EPL, LGPL
Give Me Everything
GPL
- Dave Johnsonhttp://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_fixes_gimmem
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Questions?
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