male genital
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5 The Genital System
The genital system(reproductive)
male genital organs
female genital organs
Functionbreeding descendent
secreting hormones
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Section 1 The Male Genital Organs
The malegenital
organs
internal
genital
organs
external
genital
organs
gonad---- the testes
conveying ducts
---- epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory ducts
urethra
accessory glands
---- seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
---- scrotums
penis
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I) The Testes
The testes are the gonads of the male. They are
suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord.
I. The Internal Genital Organs
Each testis has the
superior and inferior
extremities, the lateral
and medial surfaces,
and the anterior andposterior borders.
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the tunica albuginea the mediastinum testis
a series of lobules of testisthe septula testis
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The convoluted seminiferous tubulesproduce the
sperms the straight seminiferous tubules the
rete testis the efferent ductules of testis12~15
the epididymis.
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The cells between the convoluted seminiferous
tubulesthe interstitial cellscan produce the
male hormone------testosterone.
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In the early fetal life, the
testes are contained in the
abdominal cavity behind
the peritoneum. About 2
months prior to the birth
they descend into the
scrotum through the
inguinal canal.
The cryptorchidism
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II) The Epididymis
It is a comma-shaped and attaches to the superior
extremity and the posterolateral surface of the testis.
It can be divided into the head, the body and the tail.
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Functionally, the epididymis is the principal
storing-house for sperms. It also adds an essential
secretion to the seminal fluid in which the sperms
are developed and activated.
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III) The Ductus Deferens
It is the continuation of the duct of epididymis.
According to its course, it is divided into four parts:
1. The testicular part (the shortest part)
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2. The funicular (spermatic) part
(superficial, the vasectomy is
performed at here)
3. The inguinal part
4. The pelvic part (the Longest
part)
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The dilated terminal portion of the ductus
deferens is called the ampulla ductus deferentis
descending behind the fundus of the bladder. Its
end is thin and joins the excretory duct of
seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
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The Spermatic Cord
When the testis descends through the abdominal
wall into the scrotum, it carries its vessels, nerves and
ductus deferens to form the spermatic cord. It
extends from superior extremity of the testis to the
deep inguinal ring.
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The main structures of spermatic cord are the
ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform
plexus of vein, nervous plexus, lymphatic vessels
and the vestige of vaginal process. They are
enclosed in three tunics derived from the anterior
abdominal wall.
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IV) The Ejaculatory Duct
It is formed by the union of the terminal part of the
ductus deferens and the excretory duct of seminal
vesicle. It commences at the base of prostate, open into
the prostatic portion of the urethra.
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V) The Seminal Vesicles
They are two oval
sacculated organs. Each
seminal vesicle is composed
of coiled blind duct.
Its excretory duct is thin
and joins the corresponding
ductus deferens to form the
ejaculatory duct.
The secretion of the seminal
vesicles is a component ofseminal fluid.
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VI) The Prostate
It is a single, firm gland
consisting of muscular and
glandular tissues. Its
secretion, the important
component of the seminal
fluid, is conveyed into the
prostatic portion of urethra
through 16~32 excretory
ducts.
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The prostate lies in the lesser pelvic cavity,
below the urinary bladder and around the
superior part of the urethra.The apex ; The base
The urethra passes through the prostate.
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The anterior surface
The posterior surface ----
prostatic sulcus
This sulcus, ampulla ductus
deferentis and seminal vesicles
can be touched through the
anterior wall of the rectum in
the living body.
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The prostate may be divided into five lobes:
anterior, median (isthmus of prostate),
posterior and two lateral lobes.
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VII) The Bulbourethra1 Glands (of Cowper)
They are about the size of pea, one on each side of
the membranous part of urethra. Their excretory
ducts open into the upper part of the spongy part of
urethra.
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The seminal fluid is the mixture of thesperms and secretion of accessory glands. It is
white milk like fluid, with weak alkalinity. In
every ejaculation about 2~5ml of seminal fluidis expelled, which contains 300~500 million of
sperms per milliliter.
The seminal fluid
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I) The ScrotumIt is a pendulous pouch of skin and superficial
fascia evaginated from the lower part of the
abdominal wall.
the dartos ; the septum of scrotum
II. The External Genital Organs
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Beneath the dartos there are three layers of
tunics to enclose the testis and spermatic cord.
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II) The Penis
It is the male organ of copulation and urination. It
comprises a root, a body, a neck and a head.the glans penis
the prepuce
the orifice of prepuce
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The prepuce in the child is longer than that in the
adult.
The frenulum of prepuce
Clinical deseases: redundant prepuce ; phimosis
prophylactic circumcision,
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The penis is composed of three cavernous bodies.
The two dorsally cavernous body of penis and the
single smaller ventral cavernous body of urethra,
contains the spongy part of the urethra.
the glans penis;
the bulb of urethra
(penis)
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These three cavernous bodies can become turgid
with blood when the sexual excitement. The penis
thus becomes stiff and erect, the blood being held inthe erectile tissues by compression of deep veins.
After ejaculation or as sexual excitement subside,
the penis becomes flaccid again.
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Each erectile mass is enclosed with the
albugineous coat. The superficial, deep fascia of
penis and skin cover the three erectile masses all
together.
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III) The Male Urethra
It extends from the internal orifice of urethra in
the urinary bladder to external orifice at the end ofthe penis. It is 17~20cm long and may be divided into
three parts:
1.The prostatic part: urethral crest,
the opening of ejaculatory duct
and the prostatic ductules.
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2.The membranous part
It is the shortest, narrowest part of the
urethra. It is within the urogenital diaphragm,
and surrounded by the sphincter of urethra.
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3.The cavernous (spongy) part
It is contained in the cavernous body of urethra,
In this part there are two dilated places, the
bulbous portion of urethra and the navicullar fossa.
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The male urethra presents
three strictures, three
dilations, two curvatures.The three strictures are
situated in, the internal
urethral orifice, the
membranous portion and
the external orifice of
urethra.
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Three dilations are situated in
the prostatic part, the bulbous
portion of urethra, the navicullar
fossa. When the penis is flaccid,
the urethra has two curvatures,
the subpubic curvature and theprepubic curvature.
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Summarize:
The sperms are produced by the testes, then
through the epididymis the ductus deferens
the ejaculatory duct the urethra
out of the body
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Review
1. What is the composition of the male genital organs?
2. What is the conveying course of the sperms whenthey produced by the testes?
3. How many parts is the ductus deferens divided into?
What are they? Please write down the place wherethe vasectomy is performed.
4. Please write down the position of the prostate.
5. Please write down the composition of the spermaticcord.
6. What are three parts, three strictures, three
dilations, two curvatures of the male urethra?