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management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department Stroke Unit

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Page 1: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

management of acute stroke in the emergency department

Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD

Neurology Department

Stroke Unit

Page 2: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit
Page 3: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

stroke : a devastating condition

3rd leading cause of death in most countries

one of the leading causes of long-term disability

1st cause of long-term disability in western countries

~ 19.000 -20.000 strokes / year

~ 9.000 deaths

~ 6.000 new impaired stroke patients

Belgium

Page 4: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

stroke : a devastating condition

80 %

10 % 10 %

ischemic stroke

intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)

subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)

NB. haemorrhagic stroke : up to 50% in Asia

Page 5: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

pathophysiology of stroke ischemic stroke

Muir et al., Lancet Neurology

2006;5;755-768

Nighoghossian, Lett Neurol 2006;2;20-24

Page 6: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

the mantra : time is brain

Saver. Stroke 2006; 37: 263-266

pathophysiology of stroke

Page 7: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit
Page 8: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : clinical diagnosis

FAST

sudden onset

Page 9: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : clinical diagnosis

Page 10: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit
Page 11: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke

Goyal et al. Ann Neurology 2015

“ the (endovascular)

management of

acute stroke is a

team sport ”

T

E

A

M

W

O

R

K

Page 12: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke management : fast track time is brain / chain of survival

© Prof. Markku Kaste Dptmt of Neurology Helsinki University Central Hospital

Page 13: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

time is brain / chain of survival

@ home, if stroke is the most likely diagnosis :

aspirin (ASA)

low molecular weight heparin

paracetamol

blood pressure lowering drug

0° supine position (flat)

oxygen

anti-emetic

haemorrhagic ? thrombolysis ?

haemorrhagic ? thrombolysis ?

if fever (unlikely early)

impaired cerebral hemodynamic

impaired cerebral hemodynamic ( 30°)

if severe stroke

if needed

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 14: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

time is brain / chain of survival

fast-track in the emergency room

stroke units / in-hospital

ESO-Guidelines for Management of Ischemic Stroke 2008

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 15: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : brain imaging

CT-scanner MRI

working horse for several reasons: cheap

available 24/24 h

fast

no contra-indication

ischemic ≠ haemorrhagic

exclusion other causes

CT + CTA = sufficient for

thrombolysis & THROMBECTOMY

brain CT is often negative small lesions

hyperacute phase

patient irradiation

increasing interest : hyperacute phase : OK

more information

physiological information :

“brain time rather than clock time”

no irradiation

“ultra-fast” MRI protocols ?

wake-up stroke

still too slow, less accessible

contra-indications (pacemaker….)

Page 16: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombolysis Nighoghossian, Lett Neurol 2006;2;20-24

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 17: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombolysis

n. spared / 1.000 NNT

i.v. tPA 143 3 - 7

stroke unit 50 20

aspirine 12 83

alteplase = recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)

100 treated patients : change in outcomes that will occur with tPA rather than placebo

Savers et al., Stroke 2010;41;2381-2390

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 18: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : recanalization

IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), Actilyse® the odds of a

favourable outcome @ 3 months by eight times (x 8) if given within 90 min of onset,

by twice (x 2) within 91–180 min

case fatality is not affected if given up to 270 minutes, but thereafter

haemorrhagic transformation associated with age & large infarcts

the sooner rt-PA is given, the greater the benefit

benefits up to 4.5 h (demonstrated by RCTs; large randomised clinical trials (RCTs))

0.9 mg/kg (10% IV bolus, then 90% continuous IV injection over 1 hour)

Cordonnier & Leys, Pract Neurol, 2008; 8: 263-272

Page 19: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

modified Rankin Scale (mRS)

the Rankin scale is a global outcomes rating scale for post-stroke patients (Rankin, 1957) subjective grades based on level of independence with reference to pre-stroke activities

mRS description

6 dead

5 severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, requiring constant nursing care & attention

4 moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance & unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance

3 moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance

2 slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance

1 no significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties & activities

0 no symptoms at all

Page 20: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombolysis

> 4,5 tim

NNT 3 NNT 7

NNT 14

Hacke et al., Lancet 2004 ; 363: 768-774

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 21: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombolysis

alteplase = recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)

100 treated patients : change in outcomes that will occur with tPA rather than placebo

Savers et al., Stroke 2010;41;2381-2390

acute stroke : recanalization

n. spared / 1.000 NNT

i.v. tPA 0 – 90 min 2,8

i.v. tPA 90 – 180 min

7

stroke unit 50 20

aspirine 12 83

Page 22: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

the mantra : time is brain

Saver. Stroke 2006; 37: 263-266

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 23: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

I.V. thrombolysis: door-to-needle time (Mont-Godinne, RAVC)

acute stroke : recanalization

hours

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

jan-mars2014

avr-juin2014

juill-sept2014

oct-déc2014

jan-mars2015

avr-juin2015

juill-sept2015

oct-déc2015

jan-mars2016

avr-juin2016

juill-sept2016

oct-déc2016

moyenne

médiane

1st thrombectomy

TARGET: door-to-needle time < 20 min

Page 24: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombolysis

i.v. thrombolysis exclusion criteria

bedside exclusion criteria :

history of ICH

stroke / severe craniocerebral deficit < 3 months

major surgery < 14 d

bleeding GI / urinary tract < 21 d

arterial puncture @ non-compressible site < 7 d

? dementia / severe functional deficit (mRS ≥ 3) ?

? time of symptom onset unknown ? WAKE-UP ?

false bedside exclusion criteria :

age > 80

minor / rapidly improving symptoms

seizure at onset

treatment with (oral) anticoagulants

( only if INR > 1.5 ) … ? DOACs ??

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 25: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 26: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : recanalization thrombectomy

Prabhakaran et al., JAMA 2015

thromboaspiration

Turk et al. J N-Intervent Surg 2013;0:1–7

Page 27: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR 27

thrombectomie : technique Indications :

Démonstration d’un(e) thrombus/embole artériel intracrânien en imagerie (Angio-)CT ou IRM. AVC carotidien : < 6 heures AVC basilaire : < 12 heures

Critères d’inclusion :

1. Pas de réponse clinique (çàd : score NIHS diminuant d’au moins 2 points) 1h après le début d’une thrombolyse IV au tPA (« bridging »).

2. Occlusion ACM M1 ou M2. 3. Occlusion carotidienne interne niveau segment T. 4. Occlusion basilaire. 5. Contre-indication à une thrombolyse IV (?)

… selon évaluation du rapport bénéfice/risque

Technique : En 2015: « Stent retriever » vs « Thrombo-aspiration » (Penumbra®)

• sous AL > AG – abord AFC (ou huméral) • +/- associé à une thrombolyse IV ou IA ?

Page 28: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

a measure of the severity of symptoms associated with cerebral infarcts used as a quantitative

measure of neurological deficit post-stroke

Page 29: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

modified Rankin Scale (mRS)

the Rankin scale is a global outcomes rating scale for post-stroke patients (Rankin, 1957) subjective grades based on level of independence with reference to pre-stroke activities

mRS description

6 dead

5 severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, requiring constant nursing care & attention

4 moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance & unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance

3 moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance

2 slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance

1 no significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties & activities

0 no symptoms at all

Page 30: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Mr MP, 61 ans

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

facteurs de risque vasculaire :

hypertension traitée

hyperlipémie traitée

maladie coronarienne

antécédents neuro-cardiovasculaires :

cardiologiques : maladie coronarienne

neurologiques : aucun

traitement de prévention vasculaire :

aspirine

Belsar 40 mg

Lipitor 10 mg

Page 31: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Mr MP, 61 ans

heure de l’alerte : 06h00

PIT sur place : 06h10

heure d’arrivée aux Urgences MG : 07h32

door-to-scan time = 19 min

door-to-needle time = 40 min

door-to-KT time = 131 min

door-to-recanalisation time = 173 min

score NIHSS admission = 15

(hémiplégie D, aphasie, héminégligence)

score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 15

lever normal, aphasie & hémiplégie D brutales

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

Page 32: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR courtesy of Dr F. DEPREZ, CHU UCL Namur

Page 33: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR courtesy of Dr F. DEPREZ, CHU UCL Namur

Page 34: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR courtesy of Dr F. DEPREZ, CHU UCL Namur

Page 35: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR courtesy of Dr F. DEPREZ, CHU UCL Namur

Page 36: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR courtesy of Dr F. DEPREZ, CHU UCL Namur

Page 37: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

score NIHSS admission = 15 (hémiplégie D, aphasie, héminégligence)

score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 15

score NIHSS post-KT = 4

score NIHSS @ 24 h = 0

score NIHSS @ discharge = 0

independent, discharge @ home

score NIHSS @ 3 months = 0 [ discret tr. de la coordination fine ]

mRS @ 3 months = 1 [ qlqs difficulté écriture + attentionnelles ]

Mr MP, 61 ans

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

Page 38: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

MR CLEAN NEJM Jan 2015

thrombectomy

acute stroke : recanalization

ESCAPE NEJM Feb 2015

EXTEND-IA NEJM Feb 2015

REVASCAT NEJM April 2015

SWIFT-PRIME NEJM April 2015

Page 39: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombectomy

Prabhakaran et al., JAMA 2015

acute stroke : recanalization

mRS = modified Rankin Scale, TICI = Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction. Dotted lines = 95% CIs.

Page 40: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

NNT n. spared / 1.000

thrombectomy w stent-retrievers 4 [ 2,6 – 6 ] [ ? ]

i.v. tPA 2,8 (0 – 90 min) – 7 143

stroke unit 20 50

aspirine (ASA) 83 12

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 41: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 42: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

19 AVRIL 2014. - Arrêté Royal fixant les normes d'agrément pour le réseau `soins de l'accident vasculaire cérébral' Source : SANTE PUBLIQUE, SECURITE DE LA CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE ET ENVIRONNEMENT

Publication : 08-08-2014 Entrée en vigueur : 18-08-2014

http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=fr&la=F&cn=2014041980&table_name=loi

courtesy of Pr. P. JANNE, CHU UCL Namur

~ 19.000 strokes / year

~ 9.000 deaths

~ 6.000 new impaired stroke patients

Belgium

Arrêté Royal 19/04/2014 : normes d'agrément pour le réseau ‘soins de l’AVC’

Page 43: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

I. De quoi s’agit-il ? (1)

tout hôpital doit approuver un Protocole AVC et le diffuser en interne.

deux types de programmes de soins sont possibles (& cumulables):

1. programme de soins de base « soins aigus de l'AVC » (NIV.1)

2. programme de soins spécialisés

« soins de l‘AVC aigu impliquant des procédures invasives » (NIV.2)

procédures neurochirurgicales & endovasculaires (neuroRxI)

courtesy of Pr. P. JANNE, CHU UCL Namur

Page 44: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

II. Programme de base « soins de l'AVC aigu »

critères pour le programme de base (NIV.1) :

1. infrastructure

2. expertise & effectifs médicaux et non médicaux requis

A. encadrement médical

1. 3 neurologues, (+ permanence)

2. 1 médecin spécialiste en physiothérapie

3. encadrement infirmier : au moins 1 ETP bachelier ou infirmier gradué ayant une compétence

attestée & actualisée avec au moins 5 années d'expérience en soins neurovasculaires, lequel

surveille l'unité en permanence. Par tranche entamée supplémentaire de 6 patients

hospitalisés, les soins infirmiers sont assurés par 1 ETP infirmier supplémentaire.

B. autre encadrement : kinésithérapeute, ergothérapeute, logopède, diététicien, psychologue,

assistant social ou infirmier social

courtesy of Pr. P. JANNE, CHU UCL Namur

Page 45: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

III. Programme de soins spécialisé (1)

critères pour le programme spécialisé (NIV.2):

groupe cible & activités : , R\, suivi & neuro-revalidation

nature & contenu des soins : procédures endovasculaires & neurochirurgicales +

prévention 2aire précoce chez les patients atteints d'un AVC aigu

infrastructure & éléments environnementaux requis (sur site) :

1. TDM ou IRM de perfusion cérébrale disponible 24 h sur 24 et 7 js/7.

2. minimum 2 salles d’angiographie par soustraction digitalisée (DSA) affectées exclusivement au

programme de soins pour la radiologie diagnostique & interventionnelle équipée de détecteurs

à panneau plat (= salles modernes);

3. disponibilité permanente d'une salle d'op. pour des interventions neurochirurgicales urgentes;

4. + SMUR agréé, + Unité USI agréée, +…

courtesy of Pr. P. JANNE, CHU UCL Namur

Page 46: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

expertise & effectifs médicaux et non médicaux requis

encadrement médical :

2 neurochirurgiens

1 radiologue interventionnel responsable de l'organisation

appelable en permanence

+ 1 anesthésie disponible à tout moment dans l'hôpital.

encadrement infirmier : avec compétence acquise et actualisée, et au moins 3 années d'expérience

en angiographie.

autre : 1 technicien à temps plein à l'hôpital, titulaire d'une qualification particulière dans l'assistance

aux médecins spécialistes

III. Programme de soins spécialisé (2)

courtesy of Pr. P. JANNE, CHU UCL Namur

Page 47: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

IV. Réseau : avec qui doivent s’associer les hôpitaux avec et sans « soins de base » ?

chaque hôpital fait partie d'un ou de plusieurs réseaux « soins de l'AVC », et

au minimum du réseau « le + proche ».

prise en charge des patients:

1. si SMUR, le médecin de ce SMUR indique un hôpital « soins de base» ou d'un «soins spécialisé» AVC ,

comme l'hôpital le plus approprié

2. si le patient se trouve dans un hôpital, ou arrive aux urgences d'un hôpital ne disposant pas d'un

programme de soins de base / soins spécialisé, il est immédiatement transféré vers un hôpital doté

d'un programme de soins de base ou spécialisé

3. si le patient se trouve dans un hôpital qui n'est pas en mesure d'offrir les soins requis, l'hôpital contacte

un autre hôpital du réseau dont il fait partie ou le coordinateur médical du réseau

courtesy of Pr. P. JANNE, CHU UCL Namur

Page 48: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

stroke management networks: which model ?

Primary Stroke Center [S1] Comprehensive Stroke Center [S2]

field triage [ ? scores ? ]

stroke ! 112

IV thrombolysis IV thrombolysis

thrombectomy

Page 49: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 50: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

eligibility for acute revascularisation

Vanacker et al., Stroke 2016;47:1844-1849

Page 51: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

eligibility for acute revascularisation

2014 2015 2016

N AVC 134 189 235

N thrombolyse 15 35 54

% thrombolyse 11,2% 18,5% 23,0%

N thrombectomie - 6 16

% thrombectomie - 3,2% 6,8%

Mont-Godinne, RAVC

Page 52: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke

Goyal et al. Ann Neurology 2015

“ the (endovascular)

management of

acute stroke is a

team sport ”

T

E

A

M

W

O

R

K

Page 53: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke management : fast track time is brain / chain of survival

© Prof. Markku Kaste Dptmt of Neurology Helsinki University Central Hospital

Page 54: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

NOM DATE

PRENOM

DATE de NAISSANCE

PRE-ADMISSION [ SMUR ]

WAKE-UP STROKE / TIMING INCONNU :

Heure de l’AVC : …..H….. Vu bien pour la dernières fois à : …..H…..

(début des symptômes)

Retrouvé symptomatique à : …..H…..

Pré-notification à : …..H….. MACCS Neuro prévenu à …..H…..

Heure d’arrivée estimée : …..H…..

A l’ARRIVEE / ADMISSION [ URGENCES ] :

MACCS Neuro prévenu à ..…..H…….

2 voie d’entrées 18 G, une dans chaque bras

Prise de sang (coag + plaquettes + compatibilité) apportée au labo

Prendre dose Actilyse non-mélangée + pompe pour Actilyse + monitoring + transfert CT

Poids : …….. kg dose Actilyse® = 0.9 mg/kg (max 90 mg) : 10% bolus + 90% à la pompe/1h

Tension artérielle : ….. / ….. mm Hg si TA > 185 / 100 mm Hg Rydène

Fréquence cardiaque : …../min

Glycémie : ……….. mg/dl

Plaquettes : …………………………. 10³

INR : …………………….

Médicament anticoagulant ? OUI NON

Lequel ? ……………………. ? Dernière prise ? …..H…..

si nécessaire : GCS [Glasgow Coma Scale] : E …./4, V …./5, M …./6 = …. /15

NIHSS

CHECKLIST : contre-indication à la thrombolyse ?

CHECKLIST : indication de thrombectomie ?

N° 1 = APPELER le MACCS NEURO : 2215 - 2218 – 2219 / centrale

Page 55: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 56: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 57: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

1. screen / identify

2. communicate

3. [ stabilise : if needed ]

4. prepare

5. transfer

6. monitor

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 58: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

1. screen / identify

FAST algorithm “this is a stroke !”

@ patient’s / proxies call [ 112 notification ]

from ambulance / from the door of ER

2. communicate :

ASAP [ As Soon As Possible ]

the on-call [ trainee ] neurologist

the rest of the ER team

the CT-scan room

[ … anaesthesiology team / interventional neuro-RX ]

3. [ stabilise : if needed ]

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 59: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

1. screen / identify

2. communicate :

3. [ stabilise : if needed ]

4. prepare : get the patient as ready as possible

time since stroke onset ? [ “last time seen well”? ]

contra-indications ?

current medications ?

weight ? get Actilyse® dose ready + prepare pump for 1h infusion

proxies ? [ informed consent ]

[ get 2 IV lines (18G) 1 dedicated to (potential) Actilyse® ]

stabilise blood pressure < 180/100 mm Hg

[ blood sampling (coag, platelets….) + glycaemia ]

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 60: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

1. screen / identify

2. communicate :

3. [ stabilise : if needed ]

4. prepare

5. transfer :

please, do not abandon

your neurology trainees !

get ready to transfer CT / MRI / KT / Stroke Unit

get ready to transfer back

team transfer : at least 1 nursing mmbr

monitoring + Actilyse® dose + IV infusion pump + ….

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 61: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

1. screen / identify

2. communicate :

3. [ stabilise : if needed ]

4. prepare

5. transfer

6. monitor

tight follow-up until patient discharged

stabilise blood pressure < 180/100 mm Hg

check for early neurological deterioration

monitor for orolingual angioedema

after IV r-tPA

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 62: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 63: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 63

Goyal et al. Ann Neurology

2015

“ the (endovascular)

management of

acute stroke is a

team sport ”

T

E

A

M

W

O

R

K

Page 64: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

Merci de votre attention

Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD

Service de Neurologie

Stroke Unit

[email protected]

www.chudinantgodinne.be

Page 65: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

management of acute stroke in the emergency department

Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD

Neurology Department

Stroke Unit

Page 66: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit
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CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 68: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombectomy

Campbell et al., Lancet Neurol 2015

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 69: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombectomy

Prabhakaran et al., JAMA 2015

acute stroke : recanalization

mRS = modified Rankin Scale, TICI = Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction. Dotted lines = 95% CIs.

Page 70: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

pathophysiology of stroke

Moskowitz et al., Neuron 2010;67;181-198

cerebral hemodynamic

cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation

Page 71: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

pathophysiology of stroke ischemic stroke

Moskowitz et al., Neuron 2010;67;181-198

Page 72: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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focal neurological symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of stroke

motor symptoms: weakness / clumsiness of one side of the body (hemiplegia / hemiparesis), or part of one side of the body

sensory loss: sensation on one side of the body, or part of one side of the body

aphasia: impairment / loss of linguistic abilities difficulties speaking, understanding conversation, reading or writing visuospatial neglect: usually on the L side & associated with L hemiplegia & hemianopia

visual disturbances: monocular blindness, hemianopia, quadrantanopia, bilateral blindness

with anosognosia

other focal symptoms, but only in the right context, usually with other focal symptoms

Cordonnier & Leys, Pract Neurol, 2008; 8: 263-272

– diplopia – rotational vertigo – acute unilateral hearing loss – acute amnesia

– dysphagia – ataxia – paraparesis or paraplegia – dysarthria

acute stroke : clinical diagnosis

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stroke unit time is brain / chain of survival

stroke unit =

dedicated & geographically defined part of a [H]

taking care of stroke patients

specialized staff with multidisciplinary

expert approach to treatment & care

core disciplines :

medical (neurologists)

nursing

physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech & language therapy

social workers

Langhorne et al. BMJ 1997; 314:1151

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acute stroke : general management time is brain / chain of survival

glucose should be monitored corrected, if elevated

body T° should be monitored corrected, if elevated

monitoring electrolyte disturbances correction, if needed

secure airways & supply O2 to patients with severe acute stroke

do not treat hypertension in patients with ischemic stroke,

if they do not have critically elevated BP levels ( ≥ 185/110 mm Hg )

ESO-Guidelines for Management of Ischemic Stroke 2008

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time is brain / chain of survival

do not treat hypertension in patients with ischemic stroke,

if they do not have critically elevated BP levels*

100 120 140 180 200 220 160

mortality / morbidity

syst BP (mm Hg)

*except IVT: < 185/110 mm Hg

”the optimal management of blood pressure in acute stroke remains unknown and

randomized trials are urgently required, of sufficient size and with sufficient power…...”

Bath et al., J Hypertens 2003;21:665-672

acute stroke : general management

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stroke unit time is brain / chain of survival

1) acute stroke monitoring unit = at least 4 beds, 24-hour continuous monitoring :

- ECG

- BP

- O2 saturation

- T°

2) post-acute stroke unit

most patients initially admitted to the monitoring unit until stabilisation (min 24 h),

transfer to the post-acute stroke unit beds

continuous inflow of new patients : swift patients transfers

Thijs, Peeters, Dewindt, Hemelsoet, De Klippel, Laloux, Redondo, Cras, De Deyn, Desfontaines, Brouns, De Raedt, Van Landegem, Vandermeeren, Vanhooren. ANB 2009; 109:247-251

stroke unit = a dedicated, geographically defined ward within the hospital where the

target population is admitted

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acute stroke time is brain / chain of survival

permanent access to :

ECG (monitoring)

doppler & duplex ultrasonography

CT-scan within 30 min after admission

cardiac examinations ( cardiac sources of embolisation ?)

imaging confirmatory tests for stenosis of vessels & brain MRI

ICU around the clock

stroke unit =

Thijs, Peeters, Dewindt, Hemelsoet, De Klippel, Laloux, Redondo, Cras, De Deyn, Desfontaines, Brouns, De Raedt, Van Landegem, Vandermeeren, Vanhooren. ANB 2009; 109:247-251

Page 78: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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acute stroke time is brain / chain of survival

Weir et al.,

Int J Stroke 2007;2;201-207

stroke unit =

Page 79: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

1. screen / identify FAST : “this is a stroke”

2. communicate : the rest of the ER team + the on-call [ trainee ] neurologist

3. [ stabilise : if needed ]

4. prepare : get the patient as ready as possible

5. transfer : get ready to transfer CT / MRI / KT / Stroke Unit

6. monitor : tight follow-up until patient discharged

acute stroke management : fast track

Page 80: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke time is brain / chain of survival

stroke unit =

monitoring

basic holter

BP

O2 - sat.

respiration

special TC - Doppler

embolus - detection

EEG

central breathing patterns (e.g.

sleep apnea)

Page 81: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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acute stroke time is brain / chain of survival

stroke unit =

evidence-based medicine (EBM):

- 17% 1 year mortality

- 25% death & dependency

- 24% death & institutional care

benefits not limited to any subgroup

- male & female

- old & young patients

- mild, moderate & severe strokes

Langhorne et al. BMJ 1997; 314:1151

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acute stroke time is brain / chain of survival

stroke unit

Candelise et al., Lancet 2007;369;299-305

probability of death / being disabled

(OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.91; p=0.0001)

conventional ward (n= 6.636)

stroke unit (n=4.936)

surv

ival

(%

)

Page 83: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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acute stroke time is brain / chain of survival

stroke unit

Candelise et al., Lancet 2007;369;299-305

favours Stroke Unit favours conventional ward

Page 84: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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orolingual angioedema after IV r-tPA

O’Carroll et al. Neurohospitalist 2015

Begin examining the tongue 20 min before the IV r-tPA infusion is complete & repeat several times

until 20 min after r-tPA infusion

Look for any signs of unilateral or bilateral tongue enlargement

If angioedema is suspected immediately

discontinue r-tPA infusion

administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 50 mg IV

administer ranitidine 50 mg IV or famotidine 20 mg IV

If tongue continues to enlarge after the above steps have been completed then

administer methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 80 to 100 mg IV

If there is any further increase in angioedema

administer epinephrine 0.1% 0.3 mL SQ or by nebulizer 0.5 mL

consult ENT/anesthesiology or the appropriate in-house service STAT for possible emergency

cricotomy/tracheostomy or fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation if oral intubation fails

If the tongue is large, but oral intubation is possible perform orotracheal intubation STAT

If tongue is too large for orotracheal intubation perform fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation

If severe stridor with impending airway obstruction perform tracheostomy

Page 85: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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acute stroke management of ischemic stroke

antithrombotic therapy

aspirin (ASA)

300 mg at once & then 75–150 mg daily prevents 15 dependencies / deaths per

1000 patients treated

because of the large number of patients who can receive ASA, this small

individual effect provides a reasonable benefit in terms of public health

ASA should not be started until 24 hours after any thrombolysis

unfractionated or low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH)

do not provide any overall benefit because the decreased early ischemic

recurrences are counterbalanced by haemorrhagic transformations

there is no reason to recommend heparin routinely during the acute stage of

ischemic stroke, even in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)

Cordonnier & Leys, Pract Neurol, 2008; 8: 263-272

Page 86: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombolysis

0 - 3 h time is brain

3 - 4.5 h

> 4.5 h

time is brain

… time is still brain

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 87: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombolysis multimodal recanalisation

i.v. thrombolysis

i.a. thrombolysis

bridging ( i.v. i.a. )

mechanical thrombectomy

( sonothrombolysis )

? hypothermia ?

? neuro-protection ? X

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 88: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombolysis

79 years-old lady stroke : 09:30 sudden left hemiplegia, hemi-hypoesthesia, homonymous hemianopia + dysarthria, drowsiness admited : 10:45 MRI : 11:45

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 89: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

acute stroke thrombolysis

tPA 60 mg i.v. 2:30 h. occlusion TB : tPA 10 mg

stent VD 4:00 h.

Page 90: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombolysis

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 91: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombectomy

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 92: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombolysis

Chen et al. Nat Rev Neurol 2010;6: 256-265

patients with stroke aged ≥ 80 years treated with iv-rtPA :

mortality risk X 3

less favourable outcomes @ 3 months

risk of symptomatic ICH = similar in both age groups (young / old)

older patients tend to benefit from such treatments, despite the low rate of

administration of thrombolytic therapy to the elderly

ongoing Third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) : no upper age limit

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 93: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombolysis

adjusted survival curves for 30-day stroke fatality by age group

Saposnik et al., Stroke 2008;39: 2310-2317

survival adjusted by

gender

co-morbidities

most responsible provider

hospital location

ICU admission

age n

< 60 3.581

60 - 69 4.505

0 - 79 8.419

> 80 10.171

acute stroke : recanalization

Page 94: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR © Pr. P. Janne

Page 95: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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Soins de l'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC)

19 AVRIL 2014. - Arrêté Royal fixant les normes d'agrément pour le réseau `soins de l'accident vasculaire cérébral' Source : SANTE PUBLIQUE, SECURITE DE LA CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE ET ENVIRONNEMENT

Publication : 08-08-2014 Entrée en vigueur : 18-08-2014

http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=fr&la=F&cn=2014041980&table_name=loi

© Pr. P. Janne

Page 96: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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Sommaire

I. De quoi s’agit-il ?

II. Programme de base AVC

III. Programme spécialisé AVC

IV. Réseau

© Pr. P. Janne

Page 97: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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I. De quoi s’agit-il ? (1)

tout hôpital doit approuver un Protocole AVC et le diffuser en interne.

deux types de programmes de soins sont possibles (& cumulables):

1. programme de soins de base « soins aigus de l'AVC » (NIV.1)

2. programme de soins spécialisés

« soins de l‘AVC aigu impliquant des procédures invasives » (NIV.2)

procédures neurochirurgicales & endovasculaires (neuroRxI)

© Pr. P. Janne

Page 98: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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II. Programme de base « soins de l'AVC aigu »

critères pour le programme de base (NIV.1) :

1. infrastructure

2. expertise & effectifs médicaux et non médicaux requis

A. encadrement médical

1. 3 neurologues, (+ permanence)

2. 1 médecin spécialiste en physiothérapie

3. encadrement infirmier : au moins 1 ETP bachelier ou infirmier gradué ayant une compétence

attestée & actualisée avec au moins 5 années d'expérience en soins neurovasculaires, lequel

surveille l'unité en permanence. Par tranche entamée supplémentaire de 6 patients

hospitalisés, les soins infirmiers sont assurés par 1 ETP infirmier supplémentaire.

B. autre encadrement : kinésithérapeute, ergothérapeute, logopède, diététicien, psychologue,

assistant social ou infirmier social

© Pr. P. Janne

Page 99: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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III. Programme de soins spécialisé (1)

critères pour le programme spécialisé (NIV.2):

groupe cible & activités : , R\, suivi & neuro-revalidation

nature & contenu des soins : procédures endovasculaires & neurochirurgicales +

prévention 2aire précoce chez les patients atteints d'un AVC aigu

infrastructure & éléments environnementaux requis (sur site) :

1. TDM ou IRM de perfusion cérébrale disponible 24 h sur 24 et 7 js/7.

2. minimum 2 salles d’angiographie par soustraction digitalisée (DSA) affectées exclusivement au

programme de soins pour la radiologie diagnostique & interventionnelle équipée de détecteurs

à panneau plat (= salles modernes);

3. disponibilité permanente d'une salle d'op. pour des interventions neurochirurgicales urgentes;

4. + SMUR agréé, + Unité USI agréée, +…

© Pr. P. Janne

Page 100: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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expertise & effectifs médicaux et non médicaux requis

encadrement médical :

2 neurochirurgiens

1 radiologue interventionnel responsable de l'organisation

appelable en permanence

+ 1 anesthésie disponible à tout moment dans l'hôpital.

encadrement infirmier : avec compétence acquise et actualisée, et au moins 3 années d'expérience

en angiographie.

autre : 1 technicien à temps plein à l'hôpital, titulaire d'une qualification particulière dans l'assistance

aux médecins spécialistes

© Pr. P. Janne

III. Programme de soins spécialisé (2)

Page 101: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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IV. Réseau : avec qui doivent s’associer les hôpitaux avec et sans « soins de base » ?

chaque hôpital fait partie d'un ou de plusieurs réseaux « soins de l'AVC », et

au minimum du réseau « le + proche ».

prise en charge des patients:

1. si SMUR, le médecin de ce SMUR indique un hôpital « soins de base» ou d'un «soins spécialisé» AVC ,

comme l'hôpital le plus approprié

2. si le patient se trouve dans un hôpital, ou arrive aux urgences d'un hôpital ne disposant pas d'un

programme de soins de base / soins spécialisé, il est immédiatement transféré vers un hôpital doté

d'un programme de soins de base ou spécialisé

3. si le patient se trouve dans un hôpital qui n'est pas en mesure d'offrir les soins requis, l'hôpital contacte

un autre hôpital du réseau dont il fait partie ou le coordinateur médical du réseau

© Pr. P. Janne

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CHU UCL NAMUR 104

Thrombectomie: Technique

Indications :

Démonstration d’un(e) thrombus/embole artériel intracrânien en imagerie (Angio-)CT ou IRM. AVC carotidien : < 6 heures AVC basilaire : < 12 heures

Critères d’inclusion :

1. Pas de réponse clinique (çàd : score NIHS diminuant d’au moins 2 points) 1h après le début d’une thrombolyse IV au tPA (« bridging »).

2. Occlusion ACM M1 ou M2. 3. Occlusion carotidiennne interne niveau segment T. 4. Occlusion basilaire. 5. Contre-indication à une thrombolyse IV (?)

… selon évaluation du rapport bénéfice/risque

Technique : En 2015: « Stent retriever » vs « Thrombo-aspiration » (Penumbra®)

• sous AL > AG – abord AFC (ou huméral) • +/- associé à une thrombolyse IV ou IA ?

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Thrombectomie intra-cérébrale par « Stent-Retriever »

(ex: Solitaire®, Trevo®…)

Page 106: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Thrombectomie intra-cérébrale par « thrombo-aspiration » (Penumbra®)

Page 107: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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modified Rankin Scale (mRS)

the Rankin scale is a global outcomes rating scale for post-stroke patients (Rankin, 1957)

subjective grades based on level of independence with reference to pre-stroke activities

mRS description

6 dead

5 severe disability; bedridden, incontinent, requiring constant nursing care & attention

4 moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance & unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance

3 moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance

2 slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance

1 no significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties & activities

0 no symptoms at all

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 107

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thrombectomie : les récents succès

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

MR CLEAN, NEJM Jan 2015

A Randomized Trial of Intra-arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

ESCAPE, NEJM Feb 2015

Randomized Assessment of Rapid Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

Page 109: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

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thrombectomie : les récents succès

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

EXTEND-IA, NEJM Feb 2015

Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection

REVASCAT, NEJM April 2015

Thrombectomy within 8 Hours after Symptom Onset in Ischemic Stroke

Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy after Intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA Alone in Stroke

SWIFT-PRIME, NEJM April 2015

Page 110: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombectomie : les récents succès

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Campbell et al., Lancet Neurol 2015

Page 111: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

thrombectomie : les récents succès

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Prabhakaran et al., JAMA 2015

Page 112: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 113: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Mr MP, 61 ans

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

facteurs de risque vasculaire : hypertension traitée hyperlipémie traitée maladie coronarienne

antécédents neuro-cardiovasculaires : cardiologiques : maladie coronarienne neurologiques : aucun

traitement de prévention vasculaire : aspirine Belsar 40 mg Lipitor 10 mg

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 113

Page 114: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

a measure of the severity of symptoms associated with cerebral impacts

used as a

quantitative measure of neurological deficit post-stroke

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 114

Page 115: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

‒ heure de l’alerte : 06h00 lever normal, aphasie & hémiplégie D brutales

‒ PIT sur place : 06h10

‒ heure d’arrivée aux Urgences MG : 07h32

‒ door-to-scan time = 19 min

‒ door-to-needle time = 40 min

‒ door-to-KT time = 131 min

‒ score NIHSS admission = 15

(hémiplégie D, aphasie, héminégligence)

‒ score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 15

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

Mr MP, 61 ans

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 115

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CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 116

AngioCT Aorte Willis INDISPENSABLE !

Page 117: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

AngioCT Aorte Willis INDISPENSABLE !

Page 118: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 119: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Page 120: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Page 121: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

Mr MP, 61 ans

‒ score NIHSS admission = 15 [ hémiplégie D, aphasie, héminégligence ]

‒ score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 15

‒ score NIHSS post-KT = 4 [ door-to-recanalisation time = 173 min ]

‒ score NIHSS @ 24 h = 0

‒ score NIHSS @ discharge = 0

independent, discharge @ home

‒ score NIHSS @ 3 months = 0 [ discret tr. de la coordination fine ]

‒ mRS @ 3 months = 1 [ qlqs difficulté écriture & attentionnelles ]

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 121

Page 122: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 1

Mr MP, 61 ans

‒ score NIHSS admission = 15 [ hémiplégie D, aphasie, héminégligence ]

‒ score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 15

‒ score NIHSS post-KT = 4 [ door-to-recanalisation time = 173 min ]

‒ score NIHSS @ 24 h = 0

‒ score NIHSS @ discharge = 0

independent, discharge @ home

‒ score NIHSS @ 3 months = 0 [ discret tr. de la coordination fine ]

‒ mRS @ 3 months = 1 [ qlqs difficulté écriture & attentionnelles ]

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 122

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CHU UCL NAMUR

Page 124: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 2

facteurs de risque vasculaire : hypertension hyperlipémie traitée

antécédents neuro-cardiovasculaires : cardiologiques : arythmie non précisée neurologiques : aucun

traitement de prévention vasculaire : aspirine Prareduct 40 mg 1x/jour Bisoprolol 5 mg 1x/jour Lorazépam 2.5 mg 1x/jour

Mme TC, 67 ans

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 124

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CHU UCL NAMUR

‒ heure de l’alerte : 10h15 chute brutale, hémiplégie D & aphasie

‒ SMUR Libramont / transfert

‒ heure d’arrivée aux Urgences MG : 12h33

‒ door-to-scan time = 13 min

‒ door-to-needle time = 32 min

‒ door-to-KT time = 165 min

‒ score NIHSS admission = 18

(hémiplégie droite et aphasie)

‒ score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 18

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 2

Mme TC, 67 ans

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 125

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CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Page 127: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

AngioCT Aorte Willis INDISPENSABLE !

Page 128: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

Page 129: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015

ACA

ACI

ACoP

ACM ACA

ACI ACoP

ACM Thrombus

Page 130: management of acute stroke in the emergency department · management of acute stroke in the emergency department Pr. Yves Vandermeeren, MD, PhD Neurology Department . Stroke Unit

CHU UCL NAMUR

filière de soins AVC aigu, révision des cas : n° 2

Mme TC, 67 ans

‒ score NIHSS admission = 18 [ hémiplégie droite et aphasie ]

‒ score NIHSS post IV-rTPA = 18

‒ score NIHSS post-KT = / [ door-to-recanalisation time = 235 min ]

‒ score NIHSS @ 24 h = 13

‒ score NIHSS @ discharge = 4

in-patient neuro-rehabilitation (6 weeks)

‒ score NIHSS @ 6 months = 3 [ ataxie, hémihypoesthésie, ptt dysphasie ]

‒ mRS @ 6 months = 2 [ ptt dysphasie, écriture laborieuse ]

Centre Namurois de Neurologie - Octobre 2015 130

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CHU UCL NAMUR

several thrombectomy RCTs : premature closing (results +++++)

CTA : collaterals +++ / perf-CT : collateral status will become a key info for thrombectomy decision (good colaterals = better outcome)

outcome clot length (cut-off = 8 mm)

drip & ship

prepare a full stroke KT kit (incl. stent-retriever), ready in a dedicated space

NNT ~ 4 !!! [ 2,6 – 6 ]

sub-analyses of the recent thrombectomy RCTs : general anesthesia (GA) worse than simple/no sedation in all trials, GA was worse than conscious sedation

aspiration should be tried 1st (large recanalisation rate), then stent-retrievers

acute stroke : recanalization