management of hs.ppt

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Health & Safety

Management

Health & Safety Management for Quarries

Topic Four



Objectives of this Section

• To define the concepts and components of a

health and safety management system.

• To outline recent developments in health and

safety management including the

development of OHSAS18001 and

accreditation.



H&S Management System:

Definition

“The means by which an organisation

controls risk through the management process”.

Health & Safety Executive



“Part of the overall management system that

facilities the management of the OH&S risks

associated with the business of the

organisation.

This includes the organisational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,

procedures, processes and resources for

developing and achieving, reviewing and

maintaining the organisation’s OH&S policy”.

British Standards Institute



Safety Programmes

• Traditional approach is the use of safety

programmes.

• Programmes are focused on compliance with

standards/regulations• Programmes do not have strong or any feedback

mechanisms

• The performance of a programme is measured using

(reactive) indicators such as the number of accidents,injuries etc.



Systems Approach

• Four elements common to general systems theories

are input, process, output and feedback.

• Systems are also classed as being either open or

closed.

– Open systems interacts with the external environment and is

subject to external influences.

– Closed systems do not interact with the environment and so

their ability to adapt or respond to changing internal

conditions is limited.



Systems Approach

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

FEEDBACK

Organisation

External Environment



Key Elements of a H&S

Management System (1)HSE Model

(HSG65)Policydevelopment

Organisationdevelopment

Developing

techniquesplanning,measuringreviewing

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Management System

Policy

Effective health and safetypolicies set a clear

direction for the

organisation to follow.

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Organising

An effective managementstructure and

arrangements are in place

for delivering the policy.

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Management System



Planning There is a planned and

systematic approachto implementing thehealth and safetypolicy through an

effective health and

safety managementsystem.

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Management System



Measuring

PerformancePerformance is measuredagainst agreed standardsto reveal when and where

improvement is needed.

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Management System



Auditing and

Reviewing ofPerformance

The organisation learns

from all relevant

experience and appliesthe lessons.

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Management System



Standardisation

A standard is defined by the BSI as:

“A document, established by consensus and

approved by a recognised body, that provides forcommon and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or

characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at

the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a

given context ”



Recent International Standards

ISO 9000 Series: Quality Management Systems

ISO 14000 Series: Environmental Management

Systems



Standards consist of

Specifications and Guidance

• A specification is a “detailed set of requirements to besatisfied by a product, material, process or system,indicating the procedures for checking conformity tothese requirements”.

• A guidance document provides advice rather than aset of verifiable requirements and is designed as aninternal management tool.



Recent Developments in H&S

• In 1997 the ISO decided not to develop an OHSMS

standard.

• As a result many countries have developed their own.

A recent survey identified 31 such standards.



BS 8800

• Produced by the BSI in 1996

• Written as a guidance document.

• Based on the management systems models from

both the HSE and ISO 14001.



BS 8800

Gives advice on:

• How to evaluate shortcomings with an existing health

& safety management system (OHSMS).• What an adequate system should comprise of.

• How to progress from existing system to an adequate

system.

Over 7000 copies of BS8800 were sold in the first

twelve months.



BS 8800: Management System

Models (1)

Status

ReviewReviewOHSOHS

PolicyPolicyPlanninPlannin

gg

OHS PolicyOHS Policy

Planning

Planning

Implementation

& Operation

Implementation& OperationChecking

CorrectivActio

Checking &CorrectiveAction

ContinuImprovem

Continual

Improvement

ManagemeRevie

ManagementReview

ISO 14001



BS 8800: Management System

Models (2)

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HSE

(HSG65)



OHSAS 18001

StatusReviewReviewOHSOHS

PolicyPolicyPlanninPlannin

gg

OHS PolicyOHS Policy

Planning

Planning

Implementation

& Operation

Implementation& OperationChecking

CorrectivActio

Checking &Corrective

Action

ContinuImprovem

Continual

Improvement

ManagemeRevie

ManagementReview

1. OH&S Policy

1.1. The Health & Safety Policy2. Planning

2.1. Planning for hazard identification, risk

assessment and control2.2. Legal and other requirements

2.3. Objectives2.4. OH&S management programme(s)

3. Implementation and Operation3.1. Structure and responsibility

3.2. Training, awareness and competence3.3. Consultation and Communication3.4. Documentation3.5. Document and data control

3.6. Operational Control3.7. Emergency preparedness and response

4. Checking and Corrective Action4.1. Performance measurement and monitoring4.2. Accidents, incidents, non-conformances

and corrective and preventative action4.3. Records and record management

4.4. Audit

5. Management Review5.1. Management Review



OHSAS 18002

• Produced in 2000.

• Provides generic guidance on the application of

18001.

• This document describes the intent, typical inputs,

processes and typical outputs, against each

requirement of 18001.

• Purpose is to aid the understanding and

implementation of OHSAS 18001.



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Practical Aspects of a H&S

Management SystemThe Health & Safety Policy (1)

• An OH&S policy establishes an overall sense of

direction and sets the principles of action for an

organisation.

• It sets goals for the level of OHS responsibility and

performance required from the mine.

• It demonstrates the formal commitment towards good

OH&S management, particularly that of the

organisation‟s top management.



The Health & Safety Policy (2)

BS8800 sets out nine specific commitmentsthat must be included to develop acomprehensive policy statement.

• Recognising that OH&S is an integral particle of itsbusiness performance.

• Achieving a high level of OH&S performance, withcompliance to legal requirements as a minimum, andto continual cost-effective improvement in performance.

• Provide adequate and appropriate resources toimplement the policy.



The Health and Safety Policy (2a)

• The setting and publishing of OH&S objectives, even

if only by internal notification.

• Place the management of OH&S as a prime

responsibility of line management, from the most

senior executive to first line supervisory level.

• To ensure that the policy statement is understood,

implemented and maintained at all levels in the

organisation.



The Health & Safety Policy (2b)

• Employee involvement and consultation to gain

commitment to the policy and its implementation.

• Periodic review of the policy, the management

system and audit of compliance to policy.

• Ensure that employees at all levels receiveappropriate training and are competent to carry out

their duties and responsibilities.



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Planning for Health & Safety

Management

Planning for OH&S involves:

• Identifying requirements for the system -

what needs to be done

• Setting clear performance criteria -what is to be done

• Identifying who is responsible -

who gets it done

• Setting time scales -when it should be done by

• Identifying the desired outcome -

what should be the result



(2) Legal requirements

The organisation should identify all legalrequirements applicable to it as well as any otherindustry or company specific requirements to which itsubscribes.



Examples of Types of OH&S objective

• The introduction of additional features into the OH&Smanagement system (e.g. permit to work systems forspecific tasks, strategic OH&S safety training forsupervisors etc.).

• The improvement of existing features, or the

constancy of their application across the Quarry (e.g.

accident reporting, communication of standard

procedures etc.).

• The elimination or the reduction in frequency of

particular undesired incidents (e.g. reduce accidentsby 20%, remove all hazardous material etc.)



• Suitable indicators should be defined for each

objective to allow for the monitoring of the

implementation of the objectives.

• Formal action plans should be drawn up foreach OH&S objective that has been

identified. These should identify the: – Individuals who are responsible for the deliverance of the

objectives across the quarry and/or within each operation. – Various tasks that need to be undertaken in order to meet

each objective.

Implementing Objectives



Implementation & Operation

Roles and Responsibilities

• At all levels within the organisation, people

need to be aware of their roles and

responsibilities.

• Individual OH&S responsibilities should beclearly defined.

• All personnel should be given the authority

and resources necessary to carry out their

responsibilities.



Roles and Responsibilities cont’d

• Appropriate arrangements should exist

whereby people are held accountable for

discharging their responsibilities.

• Reporting relationships should be clear and

unambiguous.

• Where personnel appraisal systems exist

OH&S responsibilities should be included.



Training & Competence

• The organisation should have effective procedures

for ensuring the competence of personnel to carry out

their designated functions.

• Systematic identification of the competencies

required by each employee.

• Provision of training identified as being necessary.

• Assessment of individuals to ensure that they have

acquired and maintain the knowledge and skills

necessary for the level of competence required.

• The maintenance of appropriate training/skills

records.



Implementation and Operation (2)

Consultation & CommunicationThe organisation should encourageparticipation in a process of consultation andcommunication. This involves:

• Identifying and receiving relevant OH&Sinformation from outside the organisationincluding:

New, or amendments to legislation;

Information necessary for the identification of hazardsand evaluation and control of risks;



Information and developments in OH&S management

practice.

Ensuring that pertinent OH&S information is

communicated to all people in the organisation who need

it. This requires arrangements to:

Ensure that information does not just flow from the top

down, but also from the bottom up.

Avoiding restricting OH&S items to dedicated OH&S

meetings.

Report hazards and shortcomings in OH&S

arrangements.

Ensuring that relevant information is communicated to

people outside the organisation who require it.Encouraging feed-back and suggestions from employees

on OH&S matters.



Implementation and Operation (2)

Documentation• The organisation should document, and maintain up-

to-date sufficient documentation on its OH&Smanagement system.

• This requirement is analogous to Regulation 7 of the

Quarries Regulations, 1999 which require theproduction of a health and safety document.



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Measuring Performance (1)

The key purposes of measuring performanceare to:

Determine whether OH&S plans have been implemented

and objectives achieved;

Check that risk control measures are in place and areeffective;

Learn from system failures such as areas of non-

compliance, accidents and incidents.

Promote the implementation of plans and risk controls by

providing feedback to all partiesProvide information that can be used to review, and if

necessary to improve aspects of an OH&S management

system.



An organisation‟s performance measurement

system should incorporate both active and

reactive monitoring data.



Active Measuring systems cont’d

Extent of compliance with statutory requirements

Frequency of OH&S audits.

Frequency and effectiveness of OH&S committee

meetings.

OH&S specialist reports.

Health Surveillance reports.

Workplace exposure levels.

Personal protective equipment use.



Reactive monitoring Systems

• Should be used to investigate, analyse and

record OH&S management system failures

including:

Unsafe Acts

Unsafe conditionsLost time accidents

Major accidents & fatalities

Sickness absences

Criticisms made by regulatory agency staff

Complaints made by members of the public.



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Key Requirements of Auditing (1)

Scheduling

• An annual plan should be prepared for carrying out

internal safety audits.

Management Support

• To be of value, senior management should be fully

committed to the concept of auditing and its effectiveimplementation within the organisation.



Audits• Audits provide a comprehensive and formal

assessment of the organisation‟s compliance withOH&S procedures and practices.

• The end result of an audit should include a detailedwritten assessment of OH&S procedures, the levelsof compliance with procedures and practices and

should where necessary identify corrective actions.

Auditors• One or more persons may undertake audits. A team

approach may widen the involvement and improveco-operation. They should be independent of thepart of the organisation or the activity that is to beaudited.



Key requirements of Auditing (2)

Data collection and interpretation

• Relevant documentation should be examined.

This may include.

OH&S management system documentation.OH&S policy statement.

OH&S emergency procedures.

Permit to work systems and procedures.

Minutes of OH&S meetings.

Accident/Incident reports and records.

Training records.

Reports or communication with the enforcing authority.



Key requirements of Auditing (2)

Content of the Report

• The content of the final audit report should,

depending on the case, contain the followingelements:

The audit objectives and scope

The particulars of the audit plan, identification of the

members of the auditing team and the audited

representative, dates of audit and identification of the

area subject to audit;



Content of the Report cont’d

The identification of reference handbooks used to

conduct the audit;

The cases of non conformance.

The auditors assessment of the degree of conformity toOHSAS 18001

The ability of the OH&S management system to achieve

the stated OH&S objectives

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