manila standard today -- monday (november 26, 2012) issue

7/30/2019 Manila Standard Today -- Monday (November 26, 2012) issue

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manila-standard-today-monday-november-26-2012-issue 1/16

F[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFA


Vo`|kgl cc ' Tob rgdntbd }kftrzb `g t`} vo`|v n fnzzkbz(j`zgb E(>2lotbz ebt g Fokgn‛v zvt fnzzkbz) |okib tob hkddib ngd j`tt`h }kftrzbvf`gvkvt c Fokgn‛v gb| }nvv}`ztv vo`|kgl }nztv c tob V`rto Fokgn Vbn

tont kt finkhv ngd hn}v `c Vngvon Fkt{ ' N] NGD _KGORN

Gb| fnzdkgniv' Cz`h ibct) gb|i{ bibftbd fnzdkgniv Jbfonzn J`rtz`vZnk `c Ibjng`g) Eòg @i`zrgcbhk @gnk{bang `c Gklbzkn) ngd IrkvNgt`gk` Tnlib c tob ]okik}}kgbv nttbgd n f`gvkvt`z{ }zbvkdbd j{ ]`}b

Jbgbdkft _SK kgvkdb Vt' ]btbz‛v Jnvkikfn nt tob Sntkfng g Vntrzdn{' N]

\kggkgl fngdkdntbv' Hkvv Bnzto :=>: Tbzbun Cneav`sn c tob Fubfo Zb}rjikf }`vbv) vbf`gd cz`h ibct) }`vbv |kto tob tobz |kggbzv g f`z`gn(tk`g gklot `g Vntrzdn{ kg Hrgtkgir}n) Zkuni' Tob `tobz |kggbzv nzb) cz`h ibct) tokzd zrggbz(r} Fnhkin L`gfnisbv `c Jznuki) zvt zrggbz(r} Vtb}ong{Dknggb Vtbcng`|ktu c tob ]okik}}kgbv) ngd vbf`gd zrggbz(r} @vhnzkbi Skiini`j`v c Sbgburbin' DNGG[ ]NTN

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F`rzt zbsbzvbv zrikgl)|`g‛t }bg JC jnga

L`st lzngt `c kgfbgtksbv t Tonk ckzh ~rbvtk`gbd

]zkbvt t id5Gnhb } iv|kto tkbv t`dzrl zkglv

Fokgn }zkgtv Vngvonhn}) tbvtv ebt fnzzkbz

Fntoìkfv rzlbd t` rvb s`tb sv }z`(ZO jbtv

\`zabzv t drh}vkg(tnx fngdkdntbv

Sì' __SK G`' :4= >3 ]nlbv) 6 Vbftk`gv]>?'== H`gdn{) G sbhjbz :3) :=>:

T@DN[

Vtngdnzd Hngkin

|||'hngkinvtngdnzdt`dn{'f`h • hvtMhvtngdnzdt`dn{'f`h

J{ Fozkvtkgb C' Obzzbzn

O@L znkvbzv ngd }`ritz{ lz`|bzv gVrgdn{ ~rbvtk`gbd ]zbvkdbgt Jbgk(lg N~rkg KKK‛v ’fz`àbd‘ } ikf{`g c``d vbfrzkt{ nctbz okv ndhkgkv(tzntk`g nii`|bd n Tonk f`h}ng{ t`}rt r} ]: jkiik`g |`zto c cnzhv ngdlzngtbd kt }bzav) kgfirdkgl n vbsbg({bnz tnx o ikdn{ ngd drt{(czbb kh(}`ztbd zn| hntbzkniv'

’Kgvtbnd `c lzngtkgl n vrjvkd{

t` i`fni cnzhbzv) tob l`sbzghbgtkv g`| |k}kgl `rt tob bgtkzb o`lngd }`ritz{ kgdrvtz{)‘ vnkd Z`vbg(d` V`) dkzbft`z `c tob V|kgb Db(sbi`}hbgt F`rgfki'

V` vnkd `sbz(kh}`ztntk`g ngdvhrllikgl ond nizbnd{ akiibd `cc := }bzfbgt `c jnfa{nzd lz`|bzv'

Tob }zbvkdbgt `c tob RgktbdJz`kibzv‛ Nvv`fkntk`g) Lzbl`zk`Vng Dkbl`) nlzbbd'

’Tob l`sbzghbgt kv lkskgl n

c`zbklg zh ng rgdrb ndsngtnlb`sbz i`fni kgsbvt`zv ngd cnzhbzvjbfnrvb kt kv nzhkgl tob c`zbklgzh |kto kgfbgtksbv ngd }bzav)‘Vng Dkbl` vnkd'

’\b |kii niv` dbhngd n tnxoìkdn{ ngd drt{(czbb kh}`ztv c`z`rz zn| hntbzkniv'‘

Tob J@K dbcbgdbd ktv lzngt(kgl `c kgfbgtksbv t` tob Tonk nlzk(fritrzni f`h}ng{) vn{kgl kc i`fnio`l znkvbzv dkd g`t bge`{ tob vnhb

kgfbgtksbv) kt |nv jbfnrvb tob{dkdg‛t n}}i{ c`z tobh'

’Kt‛v tobkz cnrit' Tob J@K kv `}bgt j to d`hbvtkf ngd c`zbklg }z e(bftv |o |ngt t zblkvtbz |kto rv'O`| fng |b lksb tobh kgfbgtksbv|obg tob{ d`g‛t n}}i{0‘ vnkd J@Kbxbfrtksb dkzbft`z Irfktn Zb{bv'

Zb{bv nddbd tont v`hb f`h(}ngkbv vrfo nv H`gtbzzb{ ngdVng Hklrbi |bzb njib t` bge`{

J{ E {fb ]nglf ]nþnzbv

HNINFNÞNGL `g Vrgdn{foniibglbd Ikgln{bg(Dnlr(

}ng Nzfojkvo`} Bhbzktrv @v(fnz Fzru t` kdbgtkc{ tob }ìk(tkfkngv |o` nzb `g tob tnabcz`h dzrl v{gdkfntbv kgvtbnd`c `ntkgl tob kgc`zhntk`gtoz`rlo tob hbdkn'

Vhnztkgl cz`h Fzru‛v zb(hnza tont ]zbvkdbgt Jbgklg`N~rkg` KKK ond jbbg zbhkvvkg frzjkgl gnzf`(}ìktkfv)]ninfb db}rt{ v}àbv|`hngNjklnki Snitb vnkd tob }zbintbvo`rid f``}bzntb kc ob zbnii{ond kgc`zhntk`g tont f`rid

jb rvbd t` zrg nctbz `cfkn ivkgsìsbd kg dzrl tzncfakgl'

Tob n}}biintb f`rzt) kg n >;(}nlb dbfkvk`g |zkttbg j{ Nvv`fk(ntb Ervtkfb G`bi Tkenh) zbsbzvbd ktvEng' :<) :=>: dbfkvk`g tont `zdbzbdtob Jngla Vbgtzni ngd tob ]okik}(}kgb Db}`vkt Kgvrzngfb F`z}' t`zb`}bg tob vorttbzbd jnga ngd lksbkt n ]:2(jkiik`g i`ng' Tont dbfkvk`g|nv |zkttbg j{ Nvv`fkntb ErvtkfbNlgbv Zb{bv(Fnz}k '

’Tob nvvnkibd dbfkvk`g bnzikbzzbgdbzbd j{ tob f`rzt `g Eng' :<)

:=>: kv zbsbzvbd ngd vbt nvkdb' Kgktv vtbnd) n gb| erdlhbgt kv zbg(dbzbd dkvhkvvkgl tob }btktk`g c`z

fbztk`znzk ngd hngdnhrv ibd tob}btktk`gbzv c`z rttbz infa c cnftrningd iblni jnvkv)‘ tob F`rzt vnkd kgktv dbfkvk`g kvvrbd `g G`s' :6'

Tob f`rzt lzngtbd tob h`tk`gc`z zbf`gvkdbzntk`g ibd j{ tobJngla` Vbgtzni) |okfo kgvkvtbdkt |nv tob fbgtzni h`gbtnz{ nr(to`zkt{ `c tob l`sbzghbgt |kto nvtntrt`z{ drt{ t` vr}bzskvb tob }(bzntk`gv `c jngav ngd t` bxbzfkvbzblrint`z{ }`|bzv'

Tob Jngla` Vbgtzni‛v H`gb(tnz{ J`nzd }infbd Jngf` Ckik}kg`

FOKGN `g Vrgdn{ zbhnkgbd rg(dkvtrzjbd j{ ktv gbkloj`zv‛ fzktk(fkvhv `c ktv gb| }nvv}`ztv vo`|(kgl tbzzkt`zkbv kg tob V`rto FokgnVbn tont kt finkhv nv ktv `|g jrt|okfo ktv gbkloj`zv zbebft'

Ngd kg n vo`| `c ktv lz`|kglhkiktnz{ hklot) Fokgn vrffbvvcri(i{ ingdbd n lotbz ebt `g ktv zvtnkzfznct fnzzkbz tont bgtbzbd vbzskfb

t|` h`gtov nl`) tob f`rgtz{‛v `c(fkni gb|v nlbgf{ f`gzhbd `gVrgdn{'

Tob Ikn`gkgl nkzfznct fnzzkbzrgdbzvf`zbv Fokgn‛v nhjktk`gv t`jb n ibndkgl Nvkng gnsni }`|bz)jrt kt kv g`t bx}bftbd t` fnzz{ ncrii f`h}ibhbgt c }ingbv z t` jbzbnd{ c`z f`hjnt c`z v`hb tkhb'

Fokgn onv niv` }rjikvobd tobzvt `cfkni hn} `c tob gb|i{(bvtnjikvobd fkt{ `c Vngvon kg tobV`rto Fokgn Vbn' Fokgn vn{v kt kv

tob zvt hn} tont zbbftv tob lb`(i`lkfni kgc`zhntk`g `c Fokgn‛v

TOB Fntoìkf Jkvo`}v‛ F`gcbzbgfb c

tob ]okik}}kgbv `g Vrgdn{ zb}bntbd ktvvtngd tont tob forzfo |kii fnh}nklgnlnkgvt tob in|hnabzv |o` |kii vr}(}`zt tob f`gtz`sbzvkni Zb}z`drftksbObnito jkii tont kt `}}`vbv'

Tob lz`r} hndb tob vtntbhbgtbsbg nv kt rzlbd tob cnktocri t` rvb tobkzs`tb kg gbxt {bnz‛v hkd(tbzh bibftk`gvt` zbebft tob fngdkdntbv vr}}`ztkgl tobZb}z`drftksb Obnito jkii'

’Kt kv oklo tkhb tont Ckik}kg`v rvbdtobkz zbiklk`rv jbikbcv kg zbebftkgl tobfngdkdntbv |o` nzb g`t cìi`|kgl tobForzfo‛v tbnfokglv)‘ FJF](B}kvf`(}ni F`hhkvvk`g `g Cnhki{ ngd IkcbSkfb Fonkzhng ngd Ik}n Nzfojkvo`}Znh`g Nzlrbiibv vnkd kg tob `cfkniFJF] |bjvktb

Nzlrbiibv hndb okv vtntbhbgt bsbgnv Nijn{ Zb}' Bdfbi Inlhng `g Vrg(dn{ vnkd tob kgtbzgntk`gni |`hbg‛vnds`fntbv |o` kg tob f`rgtz{ invt|bba ond kgc`zhbd tob nrto`zv `c tobZO jkii tont tob{ |bzb |`zzkbd nj`rttob kgfzbnvb kg hntbzgni dbntov) |kto>2 }zblgngt |`hbg d{kgl dnki{ f`h(

}nzbd |kto nj`rt >> kg }zbsk`rv {bnzv

`z 2==)=== |`hbg |`zid|kdb cz`h4==)==='’Tob bgtkzb |`zid kv abbgi{ |ntfo(

kgl tob }z`lzbvv `c tob ZO jkii kg tob]okik}}kgbv nv |`hbg |`zid|kdb nzbbnzi{ ngtkfk}ntkgl t` fbibjzntb ktv bg(nfthbgt)‘ Inlhng vnkd'

Nff`zdkgl t` FJF] vbfzbtnz{ lbg(bzni E`vbikt` Nvkv) tob Fntoìkf okbz(nzfo{ }ingv t` kvvrb n ’fntbfobvkv `gbibftk`gv‘ t` vbzsb nv n fobfaikvt c`zs`tbzv kg gbxt {bnz‛v hkd(tbzh bibf(tk`gv'

’Tob FJF] |kii jb h`zb nllzbv(vksb kg kgrbgfkgl s`tbzv gbxt {bnz)‘ob vnkd'

Kg ng kgtbzskb| |kto Zndk` Sbzktnv)tob FJF]‛v `cfkni zndk` vtntk`g) Nz(lrbiibv vnkd bibftksb `cfkniv ond i`gljbbg vgrjjkgl tob v`(fniibd Fntoìkfs`tb bsbg to`rlo kt |nv vtkii n c`zfb t`zbfa`g |kto'

Ob vnkd tob ’btogkf fibngvkgl‘ jbkgl }z`h`tbd j{ v`hb `cfknivf`rid jb f`rgtbzbd skn n Fntoìkfs`tb'

HKIKTNGT inj`z lz`r}v `g Vrgdn{ s`|bd tob{ |`ridg`t s`tb c`z }ìktkfkngv zrggkgl c`z zb(bibftk`g gbxt {bnzrgibvv tob{ |ktodzb| tobkz vr}}`zt c`z gb| tnxbv tont|`rid orzt hkiik`gv `c |`zabzv ngd t`jnff` cnzhbzv'

Tob Jrairzng gl Hngllnln|ngl ]kik}kg` vnkd kt |kii}zbvv tob N~rkg` ndhkgkvtzntk`g ngd ktv fngdkdntbv t` }zbv(bgt f`gfzbtb vìrtk`gv t` tob }z`jibhv tont nccbft tob hnvv(bv kgvtbnd `c kh}ibhbgtkgl gb| tnxbv `g ’vkg }z`drftv‘vrfo nv t`jnff` ngd nifòì'

JH] gntk`gni }zbvkdbgt Ib`d{ db Lruhng v`hb>=)=== hbhjbzv `c tob JH] ngd ktv ncikntb) tob A`g(lzbv` gl ]nlanankvn gl Hnzniktngl Irglv`d) |kii inrgfon ’\`zabzv Foniibglb‘ fnh}nklg nt n hnzfo cz`h HbongLnzdbg t` Hbgdkìn kg Hngkin `g G`s' 6='

’\b fnii `g j`to tob ndhkgkvtzntk`g ngd tob `}}`vktk`gt` }zbvbgt tobkz vìrtk`gv t` i`| |nlbv) f`gtznftrnikuntk`g)oklo }`|bz zntbv) v}kznikgl `ki }zkfbv ngd `gbz`rv zblzbv(vksb tnxbv' \b nzb g`t vbbakgl hkznfibv' \`zabzv |ngt tòbnz f`gfzbtb }z`}`vniv ngd vtb}(j{(vtb} n}}z`nfobv `go`| t` niibskntb }`sbzt{ ngd nddzbvv tob lrt kvvrbv `c tobhnvvbv)‘ Db Lruhng vnkd'

N GNI[VKV

Oklobvt n|nzdc z Z`jzbd r}]ZBVKDBGT Jbgklg` N~rkg` KKK|kii t`dn{ }`vtorh`rvi{ f`gcbz tob^rbu`g Vbzskfb Fz`vv N|nzd((toboklobvt n|nzd tont fng jb jbvt`|bdt` n Ckik}kg`((t` tob intb Kgtbzk`zVbfzbtnz{ Ebvvb Z`jzbd`'

Z`jzbd`) |o` dkbd kg n }ingbfznvo `g Nrl' >?) |kii jb tob cto

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J{ Czngfkvf V' Tntnd

NV Ckik}kg` Fntoìkfv |bif`hbdHngkin Nzfojkvo`} Irkv Ngt`(gk` Tnlib‛v bibsntk`g t` tob znga`c Fnzdkgni nt tob }n}ni f`gvkv(t`z{ kg Z`hb g Vntrzdn{) czbvoo`}bv vbbhbd t` bhbzlb `c nhrfo jkllbz zìb c`z tob ]okik}(}kgb Fntoìkf Forzfo kg zbbgbz(lkukgl tob gntk`g ngd kg bsnglb(ikukgl ngd zb(Fozkvtkngkukgl tobzbvt `c tob |`zid'

Tob Fnzdkgniv `c tob Fnto`(ikf Forzfo f`gvtktrtb n v}bfknifìiblb) |okfo bibftv tob ]`}b kg

vbfzbt f`gfinsb) ngd nvvkvtv ngdndskvbv okh kg tob l`sbzghbgt`c tob Forzfo' Rgdbz tob F`db `c Fng`g In| `c >;>? nii fnzdkgnivhrvt jb }zkbvtv' Kg >;3:) ]`}bEòg __KKK dbfzbbd tont tob{vo`rid nii jb jkvo`}v' Tob gb|F`db c Fng`g In| c >;?6 zbnc(zhv tokv j{ zb~rkzkgl to`vb |o`nzb t` jb }z`h`tbd Fnzdkgniv t`zbfbksb b}kvf`}ni f`gvbfzntk`gzvt kc tob{ nzb g`t {bt jkvo`}v'

]rzvrngt t tob n}`vt ikf ibt(tbz Kglznsbvfbgtbh Nbtntbh lksbgh tr }z`}zk j{ ]`}b ]nri SK kg>;<=) Fnzdkgniv nzb t zbtkzb cz`h

nftksb drt{ r}`g f`h}ibtkgl tobkz?=to {bnz' Nt tont nlb) tob{ fbnvbt jb hbhjbzv `c tob f`glzbln(tk`gv `c tob Z`hng Frzkn) `c nii}bzhngbgt `zlngv `c tob O i{ Vbbngd `c tob Sntkfng Fkt{ Vtntb1 tob{niv fbnvb t onsb tob zklot t }nz(tkfk}ntb kg tob f`gfinsb tont bibftvtob ]`}b'

Fnzdkgniv |o obnd tob db}nzt(hbgtv ngd tobz }bzhngbgt vbf(tk`gv `c tob Z`hng Frzkn ngd `c Sntkfng Fkt{) |o onsb f`h}ibtbdtobkz <2to {bnz) nzb zb~rbvtbd t``ccbz tobkz zbvklgntk`g cz`h `cfbt tob Z`hng ]`gtkcc) |o |kii

f`gvkdbz nii tob fkzfrhvtngfbv ngdhnab }z`skvk`g nff`zdkgli{) rgdbzFng' 624 `c tob gb| F`db'

Nt 22) Tnlib kv tob vbf`gd{`rglbvt hbhjbz `c tob VnfzbdFìiblb nctbz Kgdkn‛v 26 {bnz(ìd Jnvbik`v Fnzdkgni Fibbhkv`c tob V{z`(Hninganzn FntoìkfForzfo' Jrt ob kv tob {`rglbvtnh`gl tob fnzdkgniv jbi`glkglt` tob Intkg Zktb' Lzngtkgl l``dobnito) ob |kii jb n fnzdkgni(nzfo(jkvo`} c`z tob gbxt := {bnzv) rg(ibvv ob kv znkvbd j{ Dkskgb ]z`sk(dbgfb t` n oklobz `cfb'

F`gtkgrbd g }nlb N2

N fnzdkgni c`z tob gntk`g ngd tob |`zid

J{ Nggn Ibno Bvtzndn

TOB F`rzt `c N}}bniv zbsbzvbd ktv bnzikbzdbfkvk`g ngd zribd kg cns`z `c tob Jngla`Vbgtzni) |okfo vort d`|g tob `}bzntk`gv`c kgvìsbgt Jngf` Ckik}kg` Vnskglv ngdH`ztlnlb Jnga) n tozkct jnga `|gbd j{ tobNlrkzzb cnhki{'

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Gb|v HngkinVtngdnzdT`dn{ hvt'dn{dbvaMlhnki'f`hG@SBHJBZ :3) :=>:H@GDN[ N:

F[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFAF[NG HNLBGTN [BII@\JINFA

]z`tbvt' N hbhjbz `c tob Jrairzng gl Hngllnln|n dzbvvbd nv Vngtn Finrv e`kgv tob }z`tbvt nlnkgvt tob }z`}`vbd oklobz tnxbv `g t`jnff`}z`drftv ngd nifòìkf dzkgav' Tob lz`r} ngd tob A`glzbv` gl ]nlanankvn gl Hnzniktngl Irglv`d obid tobkz }z`tbvt g Biik}tkfni Z`nd kg rbu`g Fkt{'

Fokgn'''Vngvon Fkt{ ngd V`rto Fokgn

Vbn kvingdv ’kg n f`h}zbobg(vksb) nffrzntb ngd ngd v}bfkckfhnggbz)‘ tob hn}‛v }rjikvobzvnkd g Czkdn{'

_kgorn Gb|v Nlbgf{ vnkdtob ingdkgl bxbzfkvb hnzabd tobdbjrt `c tob E(>2 cklotbz ebt) nfnzzkbz(jnvbd cklotbz(j`hjbzdbsbi`}bd j{ Fokgn cz`h Zrv(vkn‛v Vrao`k Vr(66'

Vtkii) Fokgn‛v kvvrngfb `c gb|}nvv}`ztv vo`|kgl tbzzkt`zkbv

tont ktv gbkloj`zv niv` finkh onvdzn|g fzktkfkvh ngd nddbd tbg(vk`g t` tob zblk`g' Tbgvk`gv kgtob Bnvt Fokgn onsb niv` zkvbgdznhntkfnii{ `sbz tob kvingdvag`|g nv tob Dkn`{rv t` Jbkekglngd finkhbd j{ Tà{` nv tobVbgjanarv'

Skbtgnh‛v }nvv}`zt f`gtzì c(ckfbv nzb zbcrvkgl t` vtnh} skvn}nlbv kg tob gb| }nvv}`zt nvtob hn} `c Fokgn kgvkdb hnzavkg }zkgt tob f`rgtz{‛v tbzzkt`zknifinkhv `g tob V`rto Fokgn Vbn'

Ngd Skbtgnh) |okfo niv`finkhv v`sbzbklgt{ `sbz }nzt `c tob |ntbzv) vn{v kt kv rgnffb}t(njib'

Oìdbzv `c tob gb| Fokgbvb}nvv}`ztv tz{kgl t` bgtbz Skbt(gnh nzb ckgdkgl tobhvbisbv kg n

tzkfa{ vktrntk`g) ngd nii jbfnrvb`c n cb| nddktk`gni ikgbv `g nhn} }zkgtbd kg tob }nvv}`ztv'

Skbtgnhbvb }nvv}`zt f`gtzì`cckfbv nzb kvvrkgl vb}nzntb skvnvobbtv t` gb| Fokgbvb }nvv}`ztoìdbzv kgvtbnd `c vtnh}kgl kg(vkdb tob }nlbv) |okib Skbtgnh‛v

c`zbklg hkgkvtbz onv c`zhnii{f`h}inkgbd t` Fokgn ngd db(hngdbd n f`zzbftk`g c tob hn}'

Kgdkn onv zbv}`gdbd t` tob zb(skvbd }nvv}`ztv j{ kvvrkgl Fok(gbvb fktkubgv skvnv bhj`vvbd|kto Gb| Dbiok‛v `|g hn}v'

Bxtbzgni Nccnkzv Hkgkvtbz Vni(hng Aorzvokd `g Vntrzdn{ vnkdtob Fokgbvb }nvv}`zt hn} vo`|(kgl Kgdkn‛v Nzrgnfoni ]zndbvovtntb ngd tob Okhnin{ng zblk`g`c Navnk Fokg nv }nzt `c Fokgn|nv ’rgnffb}tnjib'‘

Kgdkn zbtnikntbd j{ vtnztkgl t kv(vrb skvnv t Fokgbvb fktkubgv |kto nhn} `c Kgdkn tont kgfirdbv nii tbz(zkt`zkbv finkhbd j{ Gb| Dbiok'Tob gb| Fokgbvb }nvv}`ztvonsb niv` r}vbt tob ]okik}}kgbvjbfnrvb tob{ vo`| dkv}rtbd dkv(}rtbd }nztv `c tob V`rto FokgnVbn nv jbi`glkgl t` Fokgn'

Jrt tob ]okik}}kgb l`sbzg(hbgt `g Czkdn{ skztrnii{ ndhkt(tbd tont kt |nv obi}ibvv nlnkgvtFokgn‛v }nvv}`zt h`sb |obg ktvnkd kt |`rid vtkii zbf`lgkub tobFokgbvb b(}nvv}`ztv'

C`zbklg Nccnkzv v}àbvhngZnri Obzgngdbu vnkd tob db}nzt(hbgt |`rid zbf`lgkub tob gb|b(}nvv}`ztv c Fokgbvb gntk`gnivn}}i{kgl c`z ]okik}}kgb skvnv nvt`rzkvtv'

@g \bdgbvdn{) C`zbklg Nc(cnkzv vbgt n g`tb sbzjnib }z`tbvt(

kgl tob gb| dbvklg `c tob Fok(gbvb }nvv}`ztv) |okfo f`gtnkgkhnlbv `c tob \bvt ]okik}}kgbVbn tont tob Fokgbvb finkh nvtobkz `|g jnvbd `g tobkz gkgb(dnvo finkh' N]) |kto Vnzn Vr(vnggb D' Cnjrgng) HnzkfbiFzru ngd Fozkvtkgb C' Obzzbzn

F`rzt'''rgdbz tob zbfbksbzvok} `c vtntb(`|gbd ]okik}}kgb Db}`vkt Kg(vrzngfb F`z}' `g Hnzfo ><):=>>' Tob jnga |nv fi`vbd nctbzJngla` Vbgtzni c`rgd tont tobjnga‛v iknjkiktkbv `c ]:6'3 jkiik`gbxfbbdbd ktv nvvbtv `c `gi{ ]>6';jkiik`g'

Tob Jngla` Vbgtzni ngd tob]DKF niv` zbcrvbd t` ibgd nvvkvt(ngfb t` tob jnga) vn{kgl tob jnga ’hn{ g`t jb zbonjkiktntbd `z `to(bz|kvb }infbd kg n f`gdktk`g tontkt fng jb }bzhkttbd t` zbvrhbjrvkgbvv |kto vncbt{ t` ktv fzbdk(t`zv ngd tob lbgbzni }rjikf'‘

Tob jnga) o`|bsbz) f`g(

tbvtbd tob nftk`g `c tob Jngla`Vbgtzni) ibndkgl t` tob F`rzt `c N}}bniv‛ dbfkvk`g `g Eng' :<)|okfo `zdbzbd tob H`gbtnz{J`nzd t` zb`}bg tob jnga ngdbxtbgd kt n ]:2(jkiik`g ckgngfkninkd t` vrvtnkg tob sknjkikt{ `c tob jnga'

Tob Eng' :< dbfkvk`g nvabd tobJngla` Vbgtzni t` nii`| Jngf`Ckik}kg` ’t` zbvrhb jrvkgbvv kgtob ]okik}}kgbv rgdbz tob f`h}(tzìibzvok} `c tob JV] ngd tobH`gbtnz{ J`nzd) f`h}ibtb |kton sknjib zbonjkiktntk`g }ing) kg`zdbz t` bgvrzb cnvt ngd khhbdk(ntb zbf`sbz{ c tob jnga cz`h tobkii(bccbftv c tob kiiblni fi`vrzb'‘

Tob Jngla` Vbgtzni khhbdk(ntbi{ ckibd n h`tk`g c`z zbf`gvkd(

bzntk`g) fktkgl tob ]DKF‛v bsnir(ntk`g tont Jngf` Ckik}kg` f`ridg`t jb zbonjkiktntbd `z jb }bzhkt(tbd t` zbvrhb jrvkgbvv'

Tob F`rzt c N}}bniv kg ktv int(bvt dbfkvk`g ncckzhbd tob bsnirn(tk`gv hndb j{ tob Jngla` Vbg(tzni ngd ]DKF vo`|kgl Jngf`

Ckik}kg`‛v kgvìsbgf{'’G`|obzb kg ng{ c tob }ibnd(kglv vrjhkttbd t` tokv f`rzt |nvkt vo`|g tont Jngf` Ckik}kg` `zktv vt`faoìdbzv onsb kdbgtkckbdv}bfkckf ngd f`gfzbtb hbnvrzb`g o`| kt fng zbvrvfktntb tobjnga nvkdb cz`h kgfrzzkgl crztobzdbjtv ngd i`vvbv)‘ kt vnkd'

Tob f`rzt g`tbd tont tob zb(onjkiktntk`g }ing vrjhkttbd j{Jngf` Ckik}kg`‛v vt`faoìdbzv

|`rid kgsìsb ]42'? jkiik`g ’t`jb crgdbd bxfirvksbi{ j{ tobl`sbzghbgt'‘

Tob f`rzt niv` g`tbd tont Jng(f` Ckik}kg` ond g` ckgngfkni }ingtont |`rid kgdkfntb tobz v`rzfbv`c crgdv `tobz tong tob crgdv tont|`rid jb }z`skdbd j{ tob Jngl(

a` Vbgtzni'’Kg vbsbzni hbbtkglv |kto tob]DKF) tob vt`faoìdbzv hnkg(tnkgbd tont tob{ |kii g`t kgcrvbfnvo cz`h tobkz `|g }`fabtvt` zbonjkiktntb JCVHJ)‘ ]DKFg`tbd'

’Tokv |`rid jb tngtnh`rgtt` n l`sbzghbgt dìb(`rt nt tobbx}bgvb `c }rjikf crgdv |kto g`dbckgktb lrnzngtbb `c zbtrzg)‘ tobFN vnkd'

Kt vnkd tob Jngla` Vbgtzni’vo`rid g`t lnhjib }rjikf crgdvngd tobzbj{ f`h}z`hkvb tob gn(tk`g‛v h`gbtnz{ vtnjkikt{'‘

’F`gvb~rbgti{) |b fngg`t ckgdvrcckfkbgt lz`rgd t` r}oìd tokvf`rzt‛v Eng' :<) :=>: dbfkvk`g g`t`gi{ c`z |ngt `c hntbzkni jnvkv

rgdbz tob cnftv) tob in| ngd erzkv(}zrdbgfb) jrt h`zb kh}`ztngti{)c`z jbkgl cznrlot |kto rgfbztnkg(tkbv)‘ tob f`rzt vnkd'

’Rgibvv tob Jngf` Ckik}kg`fng v}bfkc{ ktv kgdb}bgdbgt ngdvtz`gl ckgngfkni f`hhkthbgt t`nddzbvv kt }zbvbgt }zbdkfnhbgt)|b d` g`t vbb ng{ f`lbgt zbnv`gt` vrvtnkg ktv v`rlot zbonjkiktn(tk`g) hrfo ibvv ktv zb`}bgkgl nttokv tkhb)‘ kt vnkd'

L`st'''kgfbgtksbv kg tob }nvt jbfnrvbtob{ n}}ikbd c`z tobh'

Nlzkfritrzb Vbfzbtnz{]z`fbv` Nifnin nfag`|ibdlbd

tont tob bgtz{ c tob jkl c`zbklgckzh f`rid orzt tob jnfa{nzdkgdrvtz{'

’Tob bgtz{ `c Fonz`bg ]à(}ongd |`rid g`t tozbntbg `rzc``d vbfrzkt{ jrt |kii dbckgktb(i{ onsb ng ndsbzvb kh}nft `gtob jnfa{nzd kgdrvtz{)‘ Nifnintìd tob Hngkin Vtngdnzd'

Nifnin s`|bd t` obi} tob i`(fni kgdrvtz{ nsnki `c kgfbgtksbvtont |`rid ’nt ibnvt ibsbi tob}in{kgl ckbid'‘

Invt |bba) tob J`nzd `c Kg(sbvthbgtv lzngtbd Fonz`bg]à}ongd C``dv ]okik}}kgbvF`z}' nii tob }bzav ngd kgfbg(tksbv tont tob l`sbzghbgt onvdbgkbd i`fni kgsbvt`zv) V` vnkd'

Jnvbd `g d`frhbgtv ckibd|kto tob J@K ngd tob Vbfrzktkbv

ngd Bxfonglb F`hhkvvk`g)Fonz`bg ]à}ongd kv >==(}bz(fbgt `|gbd j{ Tonk gntk`gniv)|o` lnsb Jnfì`d Fkt{ nv tobkznddzbvv' Tob f`h}ng{ |kii jbrgdbztnakgl ktv nlzkfritrzb ngdiksbvt`fa jrvkgbvv kg ]nh}ng(ln) Tnzinf ngd Jrinfng'

Drb t` tob hnlgktrdb `c tobkgsbvthbgt) tob J@K lzngtbdFonz`bg ]à}ongd ’}k`gbbz vtn(trv)‘ |okfo }z`h}tbd i`fni o`lngd }`ritz{ lz`|bzv t` }z`tbvt'

’]k`gbbz vtntrv kv lzngtbd`gi{ t` kgsbvthbgtv tont |`ridjb jrkit kg nzbnv tont dkd g`tonsb vkhkinz kgsbvthbgtv) ikabkg Hkgdngn`' @rz hbhjbzvngd `cckfkniv onsb o`l ngd}`ritz{ cnzhv kg nzbnv |obzbtob Tonk ckzh kv t` jrkid ktvcnzhv) h`vti{ kg Iru`g)‘ V`

vnkd'Fktkgl J@K d`frhbgtv) V`

vnkd tob Tonk ckzh |`rid }rtkg ]:'=2 jkiik`g kg kgsbvthbgtv`c |okfo ]>'62 jkiik`g |nv ni(i`fntbd c`z o`l cnzhv'

V` vnkd tob Tonk ckzh |nvg`| }rttkgl r} n v|kgb cnzhkg Ci`zkdn) ]nh}ngln ngd t|`3=(obftnzb v|kgb cnzhv kgF`gfb}fk`g) Tnzinf) tob ]zbvk(dbgt‛v o`hb }z`skgfb'

V` vnkd `cckfkni d`frhbgtvvo`|bd tob vt`fa fn}nfkt{ `c tob cnzhv |`rid fnzz{ :2)426obnd c`z }nzbgt vt`fa ngd 6)34<hbtzkf t`gv c`z vinrlotbz o`lv'

’Tokv bnvki{ tzngvintbv t`:2=)=== obnd `c o`lv }bz onz(sbvt) |okfo kv d`gb bsbz{ tozbbt` c`rz h`gtov)‘ V` vnkd'

Tob o`l cnzhv |bzb t` vtnztf`hhbzfkni }bzntk`gv kg bnzi{:=>6) J@K d`frhbgtv vo`|'

Nv c`z }`ritz{) Vng Dkbl`vnkd) tob Tonk f`h}ng{ kv}rttkgl r} vt`fa cnzhv kg Lb(z`gn) Tnzinf ngd Vng Hklrbi)Jrinfng'

N ontfobz{ |nv niv` jbkgl}rt r} kg Enbg) Grbsn Bfken)Vng Dkbl` vnkd' Tob f`h}ng{kv niv` vbbtkgl r} jz`kibz lz`|(`rt cnzhv kg Vng Kidbc`gv`ngd Vng Hklrbi) Jrinfng) obnddbd'

Tob Tonk cnzhv nzb bx}bftbdt` }z`drfb :>)?4< hbtzkf t`gv`c iksb fokfabg z nj`rt := hki(ik`g obnd) Vng Dkbl` vnkd'

Tob rgcnkz c`zbklg f`h}btk(tk`g f`hbv nt n tkhb |obg i`(fni o`l ngd }`ritz{ kgdrvtzkbvnzb vtkii tz{kgl t` zbf`sbz cz`h`sbz(kh}`ztntk`g ngd vhrl(likgl) V` ngd Vng Dkbl` vnkd'

’\okib |b onsbg‛t f`h(}ibtbi{ |`g tob cklot nlnkgvtvhrllikgl ngd `sbz(kh}`z(tntk`g) obzb‛v ng`tobz ji`|'''jbfnrvb tob gb| cnzhv |`ridci``d tob hnzabt |kto }`za ngdfokfabg tont |bzb }z`drfbdkg tob ]okik}}kgbv jrt |o`vb}z`cktv nzb tnx(czbb ngd |`ridl` jnfa t` Tonkingd)‘ V` vnkd'’Tob{ fnhb obzb t` akii rv ngdbx}i`kt `rz }b`}ib'‘

Vng Dkbl` nddbd5 ’Kc tobl`sbzghbgt |ngtbd rv t` jzkgld`|g tob }zkfbv) tobg kt vo`ridlksb rv tob vnhb kgfbgtksbv nvkt dkd t` Fonz`bg ]à}ongd ‖<({bnz tnx(czbb ngd drt{(czbb

kh}`ztv'‘ \kto Erikt` L' Zndn

Fntoìkfv'''Nzlrbiibv vnkd tob jkvo`}v

hn{ kvvrb vb}nzntb }nvt`zni ibt(tbzv bgd`zvkgl tob fngdkdntbv`}}`vkgl tob ZO jkii'

’\b |kii kdbgtkc{ tob }z`(ikcbfngdkdntbv ngd f`gskgfb s`t(bzv nlnkgvt bibftkgl tob ngtk(ikcb`gbv)‘ Nzlrbiibv vnkd'

Inlhng rzlbd okv fìibnlrbvt` }rvo c`z tob }nvvnlb `c tobZO jkii kg tob invt >: vbvvk`gdn{v jbc`zb F`glzbvv l`bv `g nFozkvthnv jzbna g Dbf' :>'

Tob dbfinzntk`g j{ Lktn Vbg)n zbg`|gbd cbhkgkvt ngd nds`(fntb `c vbxrni ngd zb}z`drftksbobnito ngd zklotv) |nv zbf`rgtbdj{ Inlhng) tob }zkgfk}ni nrto`z`c tob ZO jkii) nt tob kgtbzgntk`g(ni f`gcbzbgfb `g tob }`vt(:=>2nftk`g }ing `g tob HkiibggkrhDbsbi`}hbgt L`niv obid bnzi{invt |bba kg rbu`g Fkt{'

Vbg hndb tob zbhnzav nt tobkgtbzgntk`gni c`zrh `g vbxrningd zb}z`drftksb obnito zklotvv}`gv`zbd j{ tob Dbsbi`}hbgtNitbzgntksbv |kto \`hbg c`z

n Gb| Bzn ngd tob C`zrh `g

Cnhki{ ]inggkgl ngd Dbsbi`}(hbgt kg Hnantk Fkt{'

’Vbg kv n }k`gbbz kg tob ckbid`c lbgdbz ngd dbsbi`}hbgt)‘Inlhng vnkd'

’Obz nfndbhkf ngd }ìkf{ nf(tkskvh kg tokv ckbid onv jbbg ngkgv}kzntk`g t` n |oìb lbgbzn(tk`g `c zbvbnzfobzv ngd }ìkf{(hnabzv `c V`rto ngd G`zto ngdg`g(l`sbzghbgtni nftkskvtv'‘

Vbg‛v zbfbgt |`za kgfirdbv zb(vbnzfo ngd }ìkf{ nds`fnf{ `gtob lbgdbz kh}ikfntk`gv `c li`(jnikuntk`g ngd bf`g`hkf ikjbz(nikuntk`g) tob lbgdbz dkhbgvk`gv`c }`}rintk`g }ìkfkbv) ngd tobikgav jbt|bbg }`}rintk`g ngdtob bgskz`ghbgt'

’Nggrnii{) 2==)=== h`tobzvdkb |`zid|kdb drb t` fnrvbvzbintbd t` }zblgngf{ ngd fokid(jkzto)‘ Inlhng vnkd'

’Tob bgnfthbgt c tob ZO jkii|kii bgnjib tob f`rgtz{ t` nttnkg`z n}}z`xkhntb tob nttnkghbgt`c nii tob Qhkiibgkrh dbsbi`}(hbgt l`nivX jbfnrvb tob rgkc{(kgl f`hh`g dbg`hkgnt`z `c tobHDLv kv tob ndsngfbhbgt `c zb}z`drftksb obnito'‘ Skt` Jnz(

fbi` ngd Fozkvtkgb C' Obzzbzn

\`zabzv'''A]HI gntk`gni }zbvkdbgt

]bdzkgl Cndzkl`g vnkd okv zlng(kuntk`g kv fniikgl c`z ng sbzonri

`c tob tnx v{vtbh'

’Tob tnx jrzdbg hrvt vokctcz`h tob kh}`sbzkvobd hnvvbv

t` tob nccirbgt biktb) cz`h f`g(vrh}tk`g t` kgf`hb ngd }z`}(

bzt{' To`vb |o` onsb h`zb kg

ikcb vo`rid onsb h`zb kg tnxbv)‘Cndzkl`g vnkd'

’F`gtznz{ t` tob }`}rinz jrt

|z`gl g`tk`g tont tob hne`z(kt{ }``z nzb g`t }n{kgl tnxbv)

tob |nlbv |b hn{ lbt cz`h

kzzblrinz bh}i`{hbgt nzb vrj( ebft t` |ktooìdkgl tnxbv1 r tkik(

tkbv vrfo nv }`|bz ngd |ntbznzb vrjebft t` tnxbv1 }zkfbv `c

`ki) I]L ngd `tobz }btzìbrh

}z`drftv nzb crztobz kgfzbnvbdj{ tob >:" SNT)‘ ob vnkd'

Tob inj`z lz`r} n}}bnibd t`

]zbvkdbgt N~rkg` t` |ktodzn|nii }inggbd gb| tnx hbnvrzbv)

nv ng ’bnzi{ Fozkvthnv }zbvbgt‘

t` tob }``z'

@g Vrgdn{) Vbgnt`z Cbzdk(

gngd Hnzf`v Ez' tìd n zndk`

kgtbzskb| tont tob t`jnff` kg(drvtz{ |`rid ikabi{ vrzsksb tob

gb| |nsb c tnxbv n}}z`sbd invt

|bba j{ tob Vbgntb) ngd vnkdob s`tbd c`z tob gb| vkg tnxbv

t` lnkg f`gfbvvk`gv c`z t`jnff`cnzhbzv'

Hnzf`v nddbd tont ob d`bv

g`t vbb n i`gl dbjntb nt tob jk(fnhbzni f`hhkttbb hbbtkgl t`

tozbvo `rt dkccbzbgfbv jbt|bbg

tob O`rvb ngd Vbgntb sbzvk`g c tob vkg tnx jkii'

Tob }z`jibhv tont tob{ vn|

|kto tob O`rvb sbzvk`g) vrfonv tob rgbsbg vonzkgl `c tob

tnx jrzdbg jbt|bbg tob t`jnff`ngd nifòì kgdrvtzkbv) |bzb

zbvìsbd drzkgl tob Vbgntb db(

jntbv) ob vnkd'Kgtbzskb|bd `g tob vnhb zn(

dk` }z`lznh) Vbgnt`z Eàbz Nz(

z`{` vnkd ob s`tbd nlnkgvt tobvkg tnx jkii jbfnrvb tobzb |nv g`

v}bfkckf }z`skvk`g nj`rt |obzbtob ]4= jkiik`g kg nddktk`gni zbs(

bgrbv |`rid l`' Skt` Jnzfbi`

ngd Hnf`g(Znh`v Nzngbtn

Oklobvt'''zbfk}kbgt `c tob n|nzd tont |nvfzbntbd kg >;43) db}rt{ }zbvk(

dbgtkni v}àbv|`hng Njklnki

Snitb vnkd `g Vrgdn{'Tob n|nzd‛v `tobz zbfk}kbgtv

|bzb ]zbvkdbgtv Znh`g Hnl(vn{vn{ ngd Bhkik` Nlrkgnid`)

Vbgnt`z Jbgklg` N~rkg` Ez')

ngd C`zbklg Nccnkzv Vbfzbtnz{Fnzi`v ]' Z`hri`'

Snitb vnkd tob n|nzd |kii jb

zbfbksbd j{ Z`jzbd`‛v |kcbIbgk ngd tobkz tozbb dnrlotbzv'

Tob ^rbu`g Vbzskfb N|nzd

kv rgk~rb kg tont gi{ tob ]zbvk(dbgt hn{ g`hkgntb tob }bzv`g

|o` |kii zbfbksb kt) ngd tobg`hkgntk`g hrvt jb n}}z`sbd

j{ F`glzbvv'

@gi{ n Ckik}kg` fktkubg hn{zbfbksb tob n|nzd) ngd ob `z

vob hrvt onsb }bzc`zhbd ng

’bxbh}inz{ vbzskfb t` tob gn(tk`g kg vrfo n hnggbz ngd vrfo

n dblzbb nv t` ndd lzbnt }zbv(tklb t` tob

Zb}rjikf `c tob ]okik}}kgbv

`z nv t` f`gtzkjrtb t` tob invt(kgl jbgbckt `c ktv }b`}ib'‘

Tob g`hkgntk`gv c`z tob

n|nzd nzb t` jb hndb ’`gi{kg fnvbv |obzb tob vbzskfb

}bzc`zhbd `z f`gtzkjrtk`ghndb fng jb hbnvrzbd `g tob

vfnib bvtnjikvobd j{ tob gn(

tk`gni jbgbcnftk`g `c tob intb]zbvkdbgt Hngrbi I' ^rbu`g'‘

E`{fb ]nglf` ]nþnzbv

]zkbvt'''’\b ni|n{v obnz tont ob

onv''' kgc`zhntk`g' K tokga |bfng vonzb tont kgc`zhntk`g v`

|b d` g`t zbv`zt t` }zbvv zb(ibnvbv nii tob tkhb)‘ Snitb vnkd'

’Kt kv jbttbz t` f``}bzntb |kto

`rz l`sbzghbgt nlbgfkbv t`vìsb tokv }z`jibh'‘

Fzru vnkd }ìktkfkngv ond

jbbg zbfbkskgl h`gb{ cz`hdzrl v{gdkfntbv kg }zb}nzntk`g

c`z tob :=>6 }ìiv'Fktkgl zb}`ztv cz`h kgc`zh(

ngtv) Fzru vnkd tont) nvkdb

cz`h tob rvrni erbtbgl }n{ìn)}ìktkfkngv |bzb niv` zbi{kgl

`g dzrl h`gb{ c`z tobkz fnh(

}nklg crgdv kg gbxt {bnz‛v hkd(tbzh bibftk`gv'

’V` cnz) |ont onv zbnfobd

rv kv tont dzrl h`gb{ onvjbbg fonglkgl ongdv' Tobzb kv

h`zb h`gb{ kg dzrlv tong kg erbtbgl) ‘ Fzru vnkd '

’]ìktkfkngv nzb zbfbkskgl

h`zb dzrl h`gb{ tong cz`h erbtbgl nftksktk bv c`z tobkz

fnh}nklg crgdv)‘ Fzru nddbd

|kto`rt lkskgl dbtnkiv nv t`|o` onsb jbbg `g tob tnab'

Bnzikbz) tob ]okik}}kgb DzrlBgc`zfbhbgt Nlbgf{ vnkd

v`hb 26 }ìktkfkngv nzb bg(lnlbd kg kiiblni dzrl nftksktkbv)jrt }z`skdbd g` dbtnkiv'

Vbgnt`z Czngfkv Bvfrdbz`

rzlbd tob nlbgf{ t` dkvfi`vbtob kdbgtktkbv `c tob }ìktkfkngv

khhbdkntbi{'’]DBN kv d`kgl n }ìktkfni

vtzk}tbnvb nft' Tob{ vo`rid

gnhb gnhbv v` tont nii tob

`tobz }ìktkfkngv |kii g`t jb

rgcnkzi{ niirdbd t`)‘ Bvfrdbz`vnkd'

’Kc tob{ onsb bskdbgfb) tobgtob{ vo`rid ckib tob fnvbv nv

v``g nv }`vvkjib' \ont nzb

tob{ |nktkgl c`z0‘ ob nddbd'Tob dkzbft`z `c tob nlbgf{)

Nztrz` Fnfdnf) vnkd tob }ìk(

tkfkngv) |o` nzb nii `sbz tobf`rgtz{) kgfirdb n c`zhbz f`g(

lzbvvhng) n c`zhbz hn{`z) nhn{`znit{ fngdkdntb ngd ng(

`tobz fngdkdntb c`z }z`skgfkni

j`nzd hbhjbz'

Niv` `g tob ikvt nzb >6 jnzng(ln{ fonkzhbg) 6= skiinlb

f`rgfkihbg) t|` hrgkfk}nif`rgfki`zv) n skfb hn{`z) t|`

hrgkfk}ni hn{`zv ngd n fkt{f`rgfkii`z'

Invt |bba) O`rvb Hkg`zkt{

Ibndbz Dngki` Vrnzbu vnkd ob|nv dkvhn{bd |obg Fnfdnf

crzgkvobd okh ng ìd f`}{ `c

tob ikvt `c }ìktkfkngv |o` nzbniiblbdi{ kgt` kiiblni dzrl nf(

tksktkbv'

’K nh g`t vntkvckbd |kto tobikvt jbfnrvb tob gnhbv nzb

ìd)‘ Vrnzbu tìd zb}`ztbzv kg n}zbvv jzkbckgl'

Fnfdnf‛v ikvt kgfirdbd

c`zhbz Ki`f`v G`ztb Zb}' Z`g(

nid` Vkglv`g) |o` onv nizbnd{jbbg zbibnvbd cz`h n O`gl

A`gl }zkv`g nctbz vbzskgl >?h`gtov c`z kiiblni }`vvbvvk`g

`c dzrlv'’Tont fnvb onv nizbnd{ jbbg

vbttibd' \b |ngt /Fnfdnf+ t`

crzgkvo rv ng r}dntbd ikvt)‘ Vrn(zbu vnkd'

UBGNKDN Vkisn) n sbtbzng

Ckik}kg` e`rzgnikvt |o` f`s(

bzbd tob >;?3 ’}b`}ib }`|bz‘zbsìt tont `rvtbd dkftnt`z

Cbzdkgngd Hnzf`v ngd `tobztrzjribgt }ìktkfni bsbgtv kg

tob ]okik}}kgbv) onv dkbd'

Vkisn) ?=) dkbd `g Vntrzdn{nt n hbtz`}ìktng Hngkin o`v(

}ktni nctbz n vkx(h`gto jnttib

|kto fngfbz) nff`zdkgl t` Vki(sn‛v dnrlotbz Fbikgb V' Z`vn(

zk`) |o` |nv nt obz jbdvkdb|obg vob }nvvbd n|n{'

Vkisn fnhb cz`h n cnh(

ki{ `c e`rzgnikvtv' Vob ngdobz intb orvjngd) gb|v}n(

}bz |zktbz ngd TS e`rzgni(

kvt Hngrbi Vkisn) vbt r} ngdzng tob ]okik}}kgb jrzbnr `c

I`gd`g(jnvbd Skvgb|v c`zh`zb tong t|` dbfndbv rgtki

tob kgtbzgntk`gni gb|v `rtckt

|nv nf~rkzbd j{ Zbrtbzv kg>;;: ngd bsbgtrnii{ jbfnhb

Zbrtbzv Tbibskvk`g'

Obz dnrlotbz Fbikgb Z`(vnzk` obndv Tob Nvv`fkntbd

]zbvv‛ skdb` nzh kg Nvkn' Fb(

ikgb Z`vnzk`‛v orvjngd) Czng(fkvf`) kv N] skdb`‛v }z`drf(

tk`g hngnlbz c`z tob zblk`g'Kg >;?6 Vkisn ngd obz orv(

jngd |bzb nh`gl tob e`rz(

gnikvtv |o` f`sbzbd tob nv(

vnvvkgntk`g `c ngtk(Hnzf`v`}}`vktk`g ibndbz Jbgklg`

N~rkg` Ez' |okib ob |nv kghkiktnz{ frvt`d{ nt Hngkin‛v

kgtbzgntk`gni nkz}`zt ngd tob}ìktkfni fon`v tont cìi`|bd'

N~rkg`‛v hrzdbz lnisngkubd

tob cznlhbgtbd `}}`vktk`gngd v}nzabd hnvvksb }z`tbvtv

tont frihkgntbd kg tob Nzh{(

jnfabd >;?3 ’}b`}ib }`|bz‘zbsìt tont `rvtbd Hnzf`v ngd

fntn}ritbd N~rkg`‛v |kcb)F`znu`g) t` tob }zbvkdbgf{'

Tob r}zkvkgl jbfnhb n onz(

jkglbz `c fonglb kg nrto`zk(tnzkng zblkhbv |`zid|kdb'

Tob f`rgtz{‛v frzzbgt }zbvk(

dbgt) Jbgklg` N~rkg` KKK) kv nv`g `c tob N~rkg`v'

Nctbz obi}kgl `sbzvbb Skv(gb|v‛ `}bzntk`gv kg Hngkin)

Vkisn |`zabd nv n czbbingfb

}z`drfbz ngd f`gtzkjrt`z c`zNJF Nrvtznikn ngd RV(jnvbd

GJF Gb|v' \obg obz orv(

jngd dkbd kg :==6) Vkisn t`à `sbz okv zb}`ztkgl |`za c`z

}`}rinz i`fni zndk` vtntk`gDUHH) |okfo kv zrg j{ ibnd(

kgl ]okik}}kgb gbt|`za NJV(

FJG) f`sbzkgl tob ]okik}}kgbNkz C`zfb ngd Hngkin‛v kgtbz(

gntk`gni nkz}`ztv'

Vkisn‛v vrzsks`zv kgfirdbobz cksb fokidzbg ngd cksb

lzngdfokidzbg' N]

Sbtbzngzb}`ztbzVkisn dkbv`c fngfbz



Gb|v HngkinVtngdnzdT`dn{ hvt'dn{dbvaMlhnki'f`h G@SBHJBZ :3) :=>:H@GDN[ N6

Hnzf`v vinhv jnii``gkgl dìb`rtv c`z tob }``z

D`frhbgtv }z`sb ]nlf`z jzkjb

Zbft` }zbvvbv gb|

j`grv tnx bxbh}tk`gv

L`st nkd t` TJ }ntkbgtv

C`frv `g }zkgfk}niv—Nzz`{`

Ckik}kg` }bnfb }zkub n|nzdbb

J{ Hnf`g Znh`v(Nzngbtn

]OKIK]]KGB Obnito Kgvrzngfb hbhjbzv kg(cbftbd |kto tob skzrv tont fnrvb tob dbndi{dkvbnvb NKDV |kii lbt nddtk`gni gngfknivr}}`zt kc tob{ dbsbi`}bd trjbzfri`vkv ngd`tobz nkihbgtv zbvritkgl cz`h n dnhnlbd kh(hrgb v{vtbh) ]okiobnito obnd Bdrnzd` Jng(u`g vnkd g Vrgdn{'

Ob vnkd hbhjbzv ngd tobkz db}bgdbgtv|kii zbfkbsbd tob nddtk`gni jbgbtv nv }nzt`c `jvbzsngfb `c tob \`zid NKDV Dn{ `gDbfbhjbz >ngd cìi`|kgl zb}`ztv `c zkvkglNKDV kgcbftk`g kg tob f`rgtz{'

’\b |kii }n{ c`z tob ngtk(zbtz`skzni tobzn(}{ nv |bii nv TJ tzbnthbgt `c OKS( }`vktksbhbhjbzv ngd db}bgdbgtv)‘ Jngu`g vnkd' ’Kc tob{ nzb o`v}ktnikubd drb t` ng{ `tobz vbf(`gdnz{ kiigbvvbv) tob{ |kii niv` jb }z`skdbd|kto tob zblrinz jbgbtv'‘

Ngtk(zbtz`skzni tobzn}{ vi`|v d`|gvNKDV) tob dkvbnvb tont dbvtz`{v tob j`d{‛v

khhrgb v{vtbh' Nt }zbvbgt) ]okiobnito }n{v]6=)=== n {bnz c`z ngtk(zbtz`skzni tobzn}{ `c gbnzi{ 6)=== hbhjbzv kgcbftbd |kto NKDV'

]okiobnito onv zb}`ztbd :)433 gb| OKSkgcbftk`gv cz`h Engrnz{ t` Vb}thbjbz tokv{bnz) |okfo |nv 4? }bzfbgt kgfzbnvb cz`htob >)33; fnvbv c`z tob vnhb }bzk`d invt {bnz'Tob Gntk`gni OKS ngd NKDV Zblkvtz{ g`|ikvt n t`tni `c >=)?6= fnvbv vkgfb >;?4'

Jngu`g vnkd ]okiobnito niv` `ccbzv hbh(jbzv rt}ntkbgt tzbnthbgt }nfanlb c`z TJ }n(tkbgtv kg |okfo tob{ lbt rgkgtbzzr}tbd vr}}i{`c ngtk(TJ dzrlv'

Kg :=>>) nj`rt >>)=== TS }ntkbgtv nsnkibd`c tob TJ }nfanlb) Jngu`g vnkd'

\okib tob v}zbnd `c OKS onv vi`|bdd`|g kg hng{ }nztv `c tob |`zid) kt onvjbbg kgfzbnvkgl nt ng ninzhkgl zntb kg tob]okik}}kgbv) Nzhbgkn) Jnglindbvo) Lb`z(lkn) Anunaovtng) A{zl{uvtng) ngd Tnekak(

vtng) nff`zdkgl t` tob \`zid Obnito @zln(gkuntk`g'


VBGNT@Z Eàbz Nzz`{` `g Vrgdn{ fniibd`g }z`vbfrt`zv ongdikgl tob :==; hnvvnfzb`c 2= }b`}ib) h`vt c tobh e`rzgnikvtv) t` c`(frv `g }rttkgl tob }zkgfk}ni vrv}bftv jbokgdjnzv jbfnrvb kt |`rid tnab :== {bnzv t` tz{nii tob :== dbcbgdngtv kg tob fnvb'

Ob vnkd bsbz{ fzkhb onv n hnvtbzhkgdngd tob f`rzt vo`rid c`frv g tobh ngd tobz}zkgfk}ni vrv}bftv jbfnrvb tob jkl grhjbz c dbcbgdngtv f`rid dbin{ tob tzkni `c tob fnvb'

’F`gfbgtzntb `g tob jkl `gbv jbfnrvb kc

tob{ |`rid f`gvkdbz tob `tobz nffrvbd) kt|`rid ervt dbin{ tob fnvb)‘ Nzz`{` vnkd kg nzndk` kgtbzskb|'

Tob hnvv hrzdbz kv ag`|g nv tob Hnlr(kgdngn` hnvvnfzb nctbz tob }infb |obzb tobhnvv lznsbv |bzb c`rgd c rgnzhbd skftkhv)h`vti{ e`rzgnikvtv) |o` |bzb vo`t dbnd j{}ìkfbhbg ngd j`d{lrnzdv `c tob }ìktkfnii{}`|bzcri Nh}ntrng fing'

Tob }zkgfk}ni vrv}bftv nzb kg enki jrt hng{h`zb zbhnkg nt inzlb' Tob tzkni onv jbbg vi`|jbfnrvb c }z`fbdrzni kvvrbv'

Nzz`{`) |o` |nv n tzkni in|{bz jbc`zb ob|nv bibftbd vbgnt`z) vnkd n hrzdbz tzkni |kto

`gb dbcbgdngt tnabv vbsbzni {bnzv ngd kg nfnvb |kto hng{ dbcbgdngtv tob tzkni f`riddznl `g c`z {bnzv'

’Kt‛v r} t` tob }z`vbfrtk`g ''' jrt tob }zkg(fk}ni tokgl kv kc {`r onsb h`zb dbcbgdngtv)tob fnvb |kii jb }zì`glbd)‘ Nzz`{` vnkd'

Tob vbgnt`z vnkd tob erdlb obnzkgl tobNh}ntrng fnvb vo`rid jb czbbd `c `tobzfnvbv v` ob f`rid c`frv `g tob hnvvnfzb ngdbsbg oìd dnki{ tzkniv t` v}bbd r} zbvìrtk`g`c tob fnvb'

Ob vnkd tob Vr}zbhb F`rzt f`rid `zdbztob erdlb t` f`gfbgtzntb `g to`vb |kto dkzbft

}nztkfk}ntk`g kg tob hnvvnfzb ngd vr}}`ztbdktv dbfkvk`g t` jng iksb f`sbznlb `c tob tzknivt` ns`kd lzngdvtngdkgl j{ tob erdlb) }z`v(bfrtk`g ngd dbcbgvb in|{bzv'

’Tob{ hklot jb f`gfbgtzntkgl `g t|`tokglv5 `gb c`z tob fnvb ngd ng`tobz `g o`|tob{ |kii i`à `g tbibskvk`g ''' Kt‛v l``d tonttob Vr}zbhb F`rzt onv `sbtrzgbd ktv bnzikbzzrikgl nii`|kgl iksb f`sbznlb `c tob tzkni)‘Nzz`{` vnkd'

Jrt ob nddbd5 ’\b vo`rid niv` onsb cnktokg tob erdlb) tob erdkfkni v{vtbh' Tont vo`ridjb `rz nttktrdb' Ng{|n{) |b d`g‛t onsb n}bzcbft v{vtbh)‘ Nzz`{` vnkd'

Fnvkg` vnkd tob jzkjb |nvd`rjib tob nh`rgt kg bnzikbz zb(

}`ztv ngd }zbvbgt `cfkniv |bzb

niv` jbkgl jzkjbd ’f`gvkdbzkgltont tob Vkg fkt{ }zèbft f`gtkg(rbd dbv}ktb zb}`ztv tont ktv ik(

J{ Fozkvtkgb Obzzbzn

JN[NG Hrgn Zb}' Tbdd{ Fnvkg` vnkd`g Vrgdn{ ob onv tob jnga d`frhbgtv`g tob $>= hkiik`g jzkjb tont En}ngbvblnhjikgl hnlgntb Anvr` @andn }nkdt` tob niiblbd jnlhng c Bcznkh Lbgr(kg`) tob c`zhbz obnd `c tob ]okik}}kgbLnhbv ngd Nhrvbhbgt F`z}'

fbgvb |nv jtnkgbd rgdbz ng`hn(i`rv fkzfrhvtngfbv'‘

’Jnvbd `g tob bskdbgfb tont |bonsb lntobzbd) jzkjbz{ kgdbbd t`à }infb ngd tob i`lkfni f`gfirvk`g kvtont tob niiblbd jnlhng Z`dìc`V`zkng` |nv g`t tob `gi{ `gb tontzbfbksbd tob jzkjbv jrt niv` `tobzl`sbzghbgt cfkniv)‘ Fnvkg` vnkd'

Nt ibnvt c`rz irxrz{ fnvkg`v |kiijb }rt r} kg tob >==(obftnzb vbn(cz`gt Bgtbztnkghbgt Fkt{ kg Hngkin)|okfo |nv bx}bftbd t` lbgbzntbnj`rt $>= jkiik`g bsbz{ {bnz' Hnin(fngngl vr}}`ztbd tob }zèbft db(v}ktb fzktkfkvhv kt |kii jb n h`dbzg(dn{ V`d`h ngd L`h`zzno'

@tobz tong tob fnvkg`v) tob vktb|kii kgfirdb o`tbiv ngd }nzav ngd

snzk`rv akgdv `c bgtbztnkghbgtc`z tob cnhki{' Tob }zèbft vtnztbddrzkgl tob kgfrhjbgf{ `c Lbgr(kg`) |o` kv g`| cnfkgl }irgdbzfonzlbv kg f`rzt'

Fnvkg`) |o` kv n fngdkdntbc`z vbgnt`z kg tob Hn{ bibftk`gvgbxt {bnz) vnkd ob |kii }zbvbgt`g H`gdn{ t` tob F`glzbvvk`(gni F`hhkttbb `g L``d L`s(bzghbgt ngd Nff`rgtnjkikt{ tobd`frhbgtv tont |`rid }kg d`|g@andn‛v ng`rhni`rv dbnikglv|kto ]okik}}kgb `cfkniv'

’@g H`gdn{) K |kii }zbvbgt t`

tob F`glzbvvk`gni F`hhkttbb `gL``d L`sbzghbgt ngd Nff`rgt(

njkikt{ f`}kbv c d`frhbgtv vo`|kgltob OVJF /O`gl A`gl VonglonkJngakgl F`z}+ jnga tzngvcbz `c $>=hkiik`g cz`h Anvr @andn‛v o id(kgl f`h}ng{ t Vrjkf Ibkvrzb ngdHngnlbhbgt) |okfo v`rzfbv vn{ kvf`gtz iibd j{ Z`d ic V`zkng ) n]NLF@Z f`gvritngt ngd fi`vb nv(v`fkntb `c c`zhbz ]NLF@Z Fonkz(hng Bcznkh Lbgrkg )‘ Fnvkg vnkd'

Ob vnkd ob |kii niv` }zbvbgtf`}kbv `c d`frhbgtv vo`|kglV`zkng` nv tob f`gtzìikgl vonzb(oìdbz `c ]b`}ib‛v Tbfogì`l{Oìdkgl Ikhktbd) |okfo zbfbksbd

$2 hkik`g cz`h @andn‛v CrtrzbC`ztrgb Ikhktbd'

Tob F`hhkttbb fng zb~rbvt`cfkni f`}kbv `c d`frhbgtv cz`hEn}ngbvb f`rztv |obzb fnvbv onsb

jbbg ibd @andn nln kgvt okv `|g}b`}ib kg ng n}}nzbgt h`sb t`dkvtngfb okhvbic cz`h tob ng`hn(ikbv)‘ Fnvkg` vnkd'

Fnvkg`) |o` ibd n zbvìrtk`gnvakgl tob F`hhkttbb `g L``dL`sbzghbgt ngd ]rjikf Nff`rgt(njkikt{ t` f`gdrft ngd kgsbvtkln(tk`g kgt` hritk(hkiik`g ng`hnikbvkg ]NLF@Z) nvabd tob l`sbzg(hbgt t` vrv}bgd tob Bgtbztnkg(hbgt Fkt{ }zèbft'


VBGNT@Z Cbzdkgngd Hnzf`v vnkd

`g Vrgdn{ ob |`rid fi`vbi{ i`à nt

tob jnii``gkgl l`sbzghbgt nii`fn(

tk`g c`z dìb(`rtv t` tob }``z ag`|g

nv F`gdktk`gni Fnvo Tzngvcbz /FFT+)

|okfo onv lz`|g cz`h ]:4 jkiik`g kg

tob }nvt vbsbzni {bnzv t` ]42 jkiik`g

kg tob :=>6 gntk`gni jrdlbt'

@sbznii) K fng vbb }z`jibhv obzb

/:=>6 jrdlbt+ ikab tob FFT crgdv

|okfo jbfnhb jkllbz' Kt‛v g`| ]42

jkiik`g \obg K zvt vnt nv vbgnt`z)

kt |nv ]:4 `z ]:2 jkiik`g)‘ Hnzf`v

vnkd'

Ob vnkd tob FFT crgdv vo`rid

`gi{ jb vr}}ibhbgtni) ngd tob }``z

vo`ri`d g`t jb bgtkzbi{ db}bgdbgt `gkt t` tob bxtbgt tont tob{ |`rid gd

g` gbbd t` i`à c`z |`za'

Kgtbgdbd nv n }`sbzt{ niibskntk`g

vfobhb) tob FFT }z`skdbv h`gb{

t` tob f`rgtz{‛v }``zbvt o`rvboìdv

rgdbz fbztnkg f`gdktk`gv tont kgfirdb

abb}kgl tobkz fokidzbg kg vfo`ì' Kt

onv jbgbt nt ibnvt tozbb hkiik`g cnh(

kikbv) jrt tob l`sbzghbgt o`}bd t`

znkvb kt t` sb hkiik`g'

@sbz :3 }bzfbgt `c tob ]okik}}kgb

}`}rintk`g `c nj`rt ;2 hkiik`g nzb

f`gvkdbzbd t` jb ikskgl kg }`sbzt{'

Tob }zèbft vtnztbd kg tob }zbsk`rv

ndhkgkvtzntk`g) jrt N~rkg` bx}ngdbd

kt |obg ob |nv bibftbd kg :=>='

Hnzf`v vnkd tob jbvt |n{ t` obi}

tob }``z |nv t` dbsbi`} kgcznvtzrf(

trzb jbfnrvb bf`g`hkf vtntkvtkfv

vo`| tont ]okik}kgb kgdrvtzkbv |bzb

jbf`hkgl vhniibz ngd vhniibz'

’\b nzb ervt db}bgdkgl `g zbhkt(

tngfbv `c `sbzvbnv Ckik}kg` |`zabzv'

Tont d`bv g`t hnab n obnito{ bf`g`(

h{)‘ Hnzf`v vnkd'

Ob vnkd tob l`sbzghbgt vo`rid

i`à c`z i`gl(tbzh vìrtk`gv t` tob

}z`jibhv `c }`sbzt{ ngd g`t zbi{ `g

FFT crgdv nv n zbhbd{ t` }`sbzt{'

’Nv n vo`zt(tbzh vìrtk`g) FFT

kv gb' Jrt kg tob i`gl zrg) tob l`s(

bzghbgt vo`rid hnab kgsbvthbgtv)‘

Hnzf`v vnkd'

VBGNT@Z Zni}o Zbft` kv }zbvv(kgl ngb| okv }z`}`vni t` znkvb tobtnx bxbh}tk`g fbkikgl `g Fozkvt(hnv j`grvbv ngd >6to h`gto }n{t` ]3=)=== cz`h tob tozbvoìd `c ]6=)=== t` lksb h`zb v}bgdkgl}`|bz t` bh}i`{bbv fbibjzntkgltob oìkdn{ vbnv`g'

Zbft` vnkd tob tnx kh}`vbd gj`grvbv ngd nii`|ngfbv bxfbbd(kgl ]6=)=== kv `rtdntbd vkgfb kt|nv }bllbd |obg tob jnvkf }n{`c vtntb bh}i`{bbv |nv ]:)?==ngd tob vninz{ `c tob ]zbvkdbgt|nv ]:2)==='

Tob }zbvbgt vfnib `c l`sbzg(hbgt bh}i`{bbv kv ]?):?< |okibtob vninz{ `c tob fokbc bxbfrtksbkv ]>:=)==='

’Tokv kv tob akgd `c n `gb(tkbz

kgfzbnvb tont nii nds`fntbv ngd

i`jj{kvtv c`zbklg(crgdbd `z g`tvo`rid jb fonh}k`gkgl)‘ ob vnkd'

Zbft` vnkd vin}}kgl n tnx `gj`grvbv ngd nii`|ngfbv nj`sb]6=)=== |nv tzbntkgl ’n e`j|bii(d`gb n vkg ngd bh}i`{bzvlbgbz`vkt{ n cbi`g{‘'

N |`zabz j`rgd t` zbfbksb nikttib h`zb tong ]6=)=== kg j`grv(bv ngd nii`|ngfbv vo`rid g`t jb}bgnikubd |kto n tnx' Tob tnx kv bv(vbgtknii{ n dkvkgfbgtksb c`z |`za(bzv nv}kzkgl c`z n oklobz }n{ vfnibtont gntrznii{ f`hbv |kto lbgbz(`rv }bzav ngd j`grvbv) ob vnkd'

Tob >;;< Gntk`gni KgtbzgniZbsbgrb F`db vtntbv tont }zk(sntb ngd l`sbzghbgt bh}i`{bbvonskgl j`grvbv jb{`gd ]6=)===|bzb nrt`hntkfnii{ vrjebftbd t`

kgf`hb tnx'

Czbb zkdb' Tznkg f`hhrtbzv lbt n czbb zkdb `g ]okik}}kgb Gntk`gni Znki|n{v drzkgl tob f`h}ng{‛v >:=to nggksbzvnz{ `gVntrzdn{' DNGG[ ]NTN

Dzbnh f`hb tzrb' Lzntbcri vtrdbgtv vo`rt ’tonga {`r‘ t` O`rvbNvvkvtngt Hkg`zkt{ Ibndbz ngd Ib{tb Zb}' Cbzdkgngd Hnztkg ’CH‘Z`hrnidbu /fbgtbz+ drzkgl trzg sbz c 2)=== j`àv t` vtrdbgtv c >2Bibhbgtnz{ vfo`ìv kg Jnjntgl`g) Ib{tb' Z`hrnidbu) kg }nztgbzvok}|kto Fokidzbg‛v Kgtbzgntk gni ]okik}}kgbv) nkhv t` lksb n j`à t` bsbz{

}rjikf vfo`ì vtrdbgt kg okv Dkvtzkft' SBZ G@SBG@

Vkao v`fkni ervtkfb' Okgdrv kg tob ]okik}}kgbv }nzndb g tob vtzbbtv`c Hngkin t` fbibjzntb tob jkzto c Vz Lrzr Gngna Dbs Ek) gb c tobc`rgdbzv c Vkaokvh) |o` jbikbsbv v`fkni ervtkfb c`z orhngv fng jb

c`rkgd kg Vkaokvh' DNGG[ ]NTN

DZ' Enhbv L' D{) tob Lrvk ]bnfb]zkub |kggbz c`z V`fkni Vbzskfbvngd ]okingtoz`}{) |nv tob `gi{ Ckik(}kg` nh`gl := Inrzbntbv `rt `c >:?fngdkdntbv cz`h Fngndn) Vzk Ingan)Fì`hjkn) Kzn~) Ar|nkt) Vbzjkn)Rlngdn) Hnrzktkrv) Nzlbgtkgn) RVN)Fokgn) Rgktbd Akgld`h) Hbxkf`)Vi`sbgkn) Ckgingd) Raznkgb) Hnin{(vkn) ]bzr) ngd Zrvvkn'

Zbf`lgktk`g zktbv |kii jb obid `gG`sbhjbz :? nt tob ]okik}}kgb Kg(tbzgntk`gni F`gsbgtk`g Fbgtbz c`ztob }okingtoz`}kvt) |o` onv jbbg kg(sìsbd kg v`fkni) fkskf ngd fonzktnjib|`za c`z h`zb tong 6= {bnzv'

Dz' D{ kv tob ]zbvkdbgt `c tob]okik}}kgb Fokgbvb Fonzktnjib Nvv`(fkntk`g Kgf') |okfo `}bzntbv tob Fok(gbvb Lbgbzni O`v}ktni ngd HbdkfniFbgtbz tont vbzsbd nv okv sbokfib kg

vr}}`ztkgl snzk`rv fonzktnjib fnrvbv)kgfirdkgl crgd(znkvkgl ngd iksbiko``d}zèbftv) hbdkfni ngd dbgtni hkvvk`gvt` cnz rgl nzbnv) ngd zbikbc `}bzn(tk`gv t` dbsnvtntbd f`hhrgktkbv kgtkhbv c fninhktkbv ngd dkvnvtbzv'

Kg :==:) ob |nv bibftbd L`sbz(g`z `c tob ]okik}}kgb Zbd Fz`vv ngdL`sbzg`z `c tob ]okik}}kgb F`gvtktr(tk`g Nvv`fkntk`g) }`vktk`gv |okfo oboìdv r} t` tokv dn{'

Ob bnzgbd c`rz o`g`znz{ d`ft`z(ntb dblzbbv5 D`ft`z `c Orhngktkbv)Rgksbzvkt{ `c ]nglnvkgng kg >;;;1D`ft`z `c Jrvkgbvv Ndhkgkvtzntk`g)I{fbrh(G`zto|bvtbzg Rgksbzvkt{)]nglnvkgng) kg Hnzfo :==41 D`ft`z`c Orhngktkbv) Fbgtzni Iru`g VtntbRgksbzvkt{) Grbsn Bfken) G`sbhjbz:==31 ngd D`ft`z `c ]oki`v`}o{ kgTbfogì`l{ Hngnlbhbgt) Tbfog`(

i`lkfni Rgksbzvkt{ c tob ]okik}}kgbv)Hnzfo :==<'

Dz' D{ |nv gnhbd @rtvtngdkglCkik}kg` N|nzdbb c`z Orhngktnz(kng Vbzskfb j{ tob ]okik}}kgb En{fbbVbgntb ngd Kgvrinz Ikcb KgvrzngfbItd' Ob niv` zbfbksbd tob @rtvtngd(kgl Hngkingv N|nzd c`z onskgl dkv(tkglrkvobd okhvbic kg jrvkgbvv ngdkgdrvtz{) o`v}ktni ndhkgkvtzntk`gngd orhngktnzkng nds`fnf{ drzkgltob 4:?to C`rgdkgl Nggksbzvnz{`c Hngkin) ngd |nv tob `rtvtngdkglFokgbvb(Ckik}kg` t` zbfbksb tob Ikcb(tkhb Nfokbsbhbgt N|nzd kg tob Dz'E`vb ]' Zkuni N|nzdv c`z Bxfbiibgfb'Okv ~rniktkbv nv n fkskf ibndbz ngdnv n cntobz |bzb zbf`lgkubd j{ tobRikzngl Nhn N|nzd ni`gl |kto tobf`gcbzhbgt `c tob tktib Nhjnvvnd`zc`z Hbdkfni T`rzkvh kg :==>'



@}kgk`g Ndbiib Forn) Bdkt`z HngkinVtngdnzdT`dn{

hvt'ibttbzt`tobbdkt`zMlhnki'f`hG@SBHJBZ :3) :=>:H@GDN[ N4

VKGFB @ft`jbz) ]ninfb `c(fkniv onsb v`rlot |kto kgfzbnv(kgl dkcckfrit{ t` dkvhkvv tobobnito f`gfbzgv vrzz`rgdkgl]zbvkdbgt Jbgklg` N~rkg` KKK'

Invt h`gto tob ]zbvkdbgt)f`h}inkgkgl `c ’n jrh vt`h(nfo)‘ vak}}bd ng `cfkni jng(~rbt kg Fngjbzzn obid kg okvo`g`z j{ tob Nrvtznikng }zkhbhkgkvtbz' Jnfa kg Hngkin tokvh`gto) Hz' N~rkg` vak}}bdn ab{ hbbtkgl |kto tob skvkt(kgl obnd `c tob Kgtbzgntk`gniH`gbtnz{ Crgd nctbz jbkglvkdbikgbd j{ tob r' Kg n tzk}

tokv h`gto t` Fnhj`dkn) obvrccbzbd ng kgnhhntk`g c tobgnvni nkz|n{v'

Nii toz`rlo`rt tokv tkhb Hz'N~rkg`) |o` kv `gi{ 2:) onv

jbbg jbvb t j{ f`rlokgl cktvtont okt nt tob h`vt kgn}}z`}zk(ntb `ffnvk`gv |obg lkskgl nv}bbfo z d`kgl iksb tbibskvk`gkgtbzskb|v'

Okv v}àbvhng nt tob ]ninfbdkvhkvvbv tob g`tk`g tont tobvbf`rlokgl tv nzb zbintbd t` tob]zbvkdbgt‛v vhàkgl) ngd nt(tzkjrtbv tobh kgvtbnd t` niibzlkfzokgktkv tont ob l`t cz`h okv tzk}t` Nrvtznikn nv n zbvrit `c tob’oklo }ìibg f`rgt‘ tobzb'

Hz' N~rkg`‛v zbfbgti{ n}( }`kgtbd Fnjkgbt vbfzbtnz{) `gtob `tobz ongd) kgvkvtv tont tob

nkihbgtv |bzb rgzbintbd) ngdtob zbvrit `c tob vtzbvv rgdbz |okfo tob ]zbvkdbgt |`zav'

’[`r lbt vkfa |obg {`ronsb hng{ }z`jibhv' Tobzb

nzb hng{ vtzbvvcri tokglv tontfzbntb }z`jibhv)‘ tob ]ninfb`cfkni vnkd'

]zbdkftnji{) tob ]okik}}kgbHbdkfni Nvv`fkntk`g onv rvbdHz' N~rkg`‛v zbfbgt obnito }z`jibhv t` }rjikfi{ rzlb okht` lksb r} okv vhàkgl onjkt)vn{kgl ob hrvt vbt ng bxnh}ibc`z tob zbvt `c tob gntk`g' Ervtnv }zbdkftnji{) tob ]zbvkdbgt zb(crvbd t` lksb r} okv nddkftk`g)vn{kgl toz`rlo okv v}àbvhngtont kt kv okv |n{ `c zbikbskglvtzbvv'

Hbhjbzv `c tob O`rvb `c

Zb}zbvbgtntksbv onsb |bklobdkg nv |bii) rzlkgl tob ]zbvkdbgtt` rgdbzl` n hbdkfni fobfa(r}'Tob rgvìkfktbd ndskfb vrllbvtvtont tob f`rgtz{ gbbdv n obnito{

fn}tnkg t` vtbbz tob vok} c vtntbtoz`rlo rgfbztnkg tkhbv'

Jrt tob ]ninfb onv nlnkg zb( ebftbd tob vrllbvtk`g) vn{kgltob ]zbvkdbgt |nv fibnzbd j{okv }bzv`gni }o{vkfkng jbc`zbob ibct c`z Fnhj`dkn bnzikbz tokv h`gto t` nttbgd tob Nvbngvrhhkt'

Vndi{ c`z tob ]zbvkdbgt) tob`cfkni dbgkniv ngd nvvrzngfbvi`vb fzbdkjkikt{ bnfo tkhb n gb|`gb kv kvvrbd) ngd kt kv g`| n}( }nzbgt t` nii tont Hz' N~rkg` kvng rgt bxnh}ib kg h`zb |n{vtong `gb'

Nlnkgvt tob jnfadz`} `c Hz'N~rkg`‛v f`gtkgrbd zbcrvnit` lksb r} tob |bbd) tobzb kvv`hbtokgl kgf`glzr`rv) kc g`td`|gzklot o{}`fzktkfni) nj`rt

ob onv rvbd tob ngtk(vhàkglfnh}nklg t` }zbvv c`z oklobz tnxbv `g fklnzbttbv'

Ng bxnhkgntk`g `c Hz'N~rkg`‛v }nttbzg `c jbonsk`z zbsbniv tont ob kv hbzbi{ jbkglf`gvkvtbgt |kto okv fonznf(tbz—nftkgl ngd jbonskgl nvkc ob ngd okv niikbv nzb nj`sbtob zribv tont bsbz{j`d{ bivbhrvt cìi`|'

Jrt `c f`rzvb) bx}bzkbgfbtbnfobv rv tont kg tob bgd)g`j`d{ kv bxbh}tbd cz`h tobin|v `c gntrzb' \kto bnfo dznl`g tob fklnzbttb) Hz' N~rkg`

g`t `gi{ zbhkgdv rv `c o`|rgt ob kv nv n zìb h`dbi) obhn{ niv` jb }nskgl tob |n{ c`z h`zb vbzk`rv obnito }z`jibhvd`|g tob z`nd'

Rgt bxnh}ib

Zbskvktkgl tob f`gfb}t`c n rgksbzvkt{

K NH zbhbhjbzkgl) kg t`dn{‛v }kbfb)Czngfkv Lbsbzv) n I`rsnkg ( Gkehblbghng) n hkvvk`gnz{) kg cnft) |o` |nvh{ }z`cbvv`z kg }oki`v`}o{ nt Hnz{(orzvt Vbhkgnz{' Okv }rjikvobd bvvn{’Tob Bvvbgfb `c n Rgksbzvkt{ kg `rz Fonglkgl Tkhbv‘ kv g`t `gi{ ng nz(tkfrintk`g `c okv to`rlotv `g |ont nrgksbzvkt{ vo`rid jb kg `rz f{jbzgbtkftkhbv' Kt kv niv` n sbz{ v}kzktrni hng‛vnttbh}t nt tokgakgl `c tob hkvvk`g `c n Fntoìkf rgksbzvkt{ ngd c`z tokv) okv

}kbfb vo`rid jb f`h}riv`z{ zbndkglkg nii c rz f`rgtz{‛v rgksbzvktkbv tontnzb `|gbd ngd hngnlbd j{ zbiklk`rv`zdbzv) v`fkbtkbv ngd f`glzblntk`gv'

Tob hbdkrh`c tob vbf`gdnz{

vfo`ì) Lbsbzv kg(vklotcrii{ }`kgtv`rt) kv tob tbxtj`à'Tont c tob rgksbzvk(t{) tob zbvbnzfo e`rz(gni' Ngd tont vrh(hnzkubv hrfo `c |ont Lbsbzv tokgavn rgksbzvkt{ vo`rid

jb `ffr}kbd |kto5tob fìibftksb bcc`ztnt tob ndsngfbhbgt`c tob cz`gtkbzv `c ag`|ibdlb' Kg v` cnz nv tob vfkbgfbvl`) `c f`rzvb) tokv kv g`t gb|' Hkfonbi]ìng{k nizbnd{ |z`tb ~rktb v`hb tkhbnl` tont vfkbgfb kv tob }z`drft g`t `c nvfkbgtkvt) g`z bsbg `c vfkbgtkvtv |`za(kgl kg kvìntk`g cz`h bnfo `tobz) jrt `c n vfkbgtkf f`hhrgkt{ tont vbtv ktv `|gnlbgdn' \okib Lbsbzv zbebftv |ontbivb|obzb kg okv cìin ob fniiv ’tob dkftn(t`zvok} `c tob vfkbgfbv‘) hrfo tob vnhbtokgl vo`rid jb vnkd `c n rgksbzvkt{5 Nrgksbzvkt{ t`dn{ kv g` i`glbz n f`h(hrgkt{ `c nfndbhkfv ngd zbvbnzfobzvi`àkgl kg|nzdv) lrnzdkgl tob tzbgfobvngd hnggkgl tob jri|nzav nlnkgvt kg(tzrdbzv jrt dkvhngtikgl) |obzbsbz tob{hn{ nzkvb) jnzzkbzv t` bxfonglb) kgtbznf(tk`g) foniibglb) ngd f`h}nzkv`g' Tontkv tob dkccbzbgfb jbt|bbg n tbxtj`à ngdn e`rzgni' N tbxtj`à kv tob zb}`vkt`z{nv |bii nv tob f`gdbgvntk`g `c |ont tobtbnfobz ‖ ngd f`gvb~rbgti{) tob vtrdbgtv

‖ tnab t` jb ag`|ibdlb) tob f`z}rv `c nffb}tbd tzrtov kg ng{ lksbg vrjebft'Cz`h kt) nii dkvfrvvk`gv tnab `cc1 t` kt)nii dkvfrvvk`gv hrvt zbtrzg v` tont ng(v|bzv hn{ jb fobfabd nlnkgvt |ont ktvbtv c`zto' Tob e`rzgni) j{ ktv sbz{ gn(trzb) ngg`rgfbv tob tbgtntksb5 kt `ccbzvc`z vfzrtkg{ tob gdkglv ngd f`gfir(vk`gv `c n zbvbnzfobz `z n vtrdbgt ngdkgsktbv zbnftk`g) f`hhbgt) f`h}nzkv`gngd fzktkfkvh' Ngd `c f`rzvb) |ont tobtz`rjib kv |kto ]okik}}kgb rgksbzvktkbv

jbf`hbv n}}nzbgt kg hng{ `c |okfotbxtj`àv nzb tzbntbd |kto tob vnhb db(lzbb `c zbsbzbgfb nff`zdbd tob Jkjib `z tob rz‛ng) ngd e`rzgniv nzb onzdi{ ng{(tokgl h`zb tong fìibftk`gv `c v`}o`(h`zkf bvvn{v ngd nttbh}tv nt zbvbnzfobvtont bxokjkt g`t `gi{ njebft }`sbzt{ `c bx}zbvvk`g jrt niv` n vkfabgkgl infa `c vakii nt to`z`rlo zbvbnzfo' O`| hng{)

`c tobvb zbvbnzfobv) c`z kgvtngfb) zbi{`g vrzsb{v) ngd nzb tobzbc`zb f`ggbdt` ’}bzfb}tk`gv‘ `c zbv}`gdbgtv) g`t t`vn{ ng{tokgl `c tob rgzbiknjkikt{ `c tobkgvtzrhbgtv rvbd0

Tob bsìrtk`g `c orhng f`g(vfk`rvgbvv vo`|v ktv tznebft`z{ t` jbt`|nzdv ’rgksbzvni f`gvfk`rvgbvv‘)|`gdbzhbgt nt ngd rgdbzvtngdkgl `c nii tokglv' \okib tokv kv) kg n vbgvb)ngfkbgt) kt kv niv` gb|) jbfnrvb kt }rtvkg ~rbvtk`g tont gbnt dkskvk`gv |b onsbbvtnjikvobd jbt|bbg tob dkvfk}ikgbvngd jbt|bbg f`rzvbv' \ont) c`z bx(nh}ib) d` }z`cbvv`zv ngd vtrdbgtv `c tob fìiblb `c bglkgbbzkgl onsb t` d`|kto tob }z`cbvv`zv ngd vtrdbgtv `c tob fìiblb `c nztv ngd vfkbgfbv0 Ngd|ont d`bv Ntbgb` db Hngkin Rgksbz(vkt{ onsb t` d` |kto Db In Vniib Rgk(sbzvkt{) bxfb}t vbb t` kt tont kt kv g`t

jbttbzbd j{ ng{ `tobz rgksbzvkt{0 \bnzb vtkii n i`gl |n{ tobg cz`h |ontLbsbzv jbikbsbv vo`rid jb tob kdbni5

tont vtrdbgtv fngczbbi{ fz`vv(bgzìi

jbt|bbg rgksbzvk(tkbv tont kg trzg zbg(dbz crii cnkto ngdfzbdkt t` vrjebftvtnabg ngd rgktvbnzgbd kg bnfo `to(bz‛v cnfritkbv. Kgcnft) tobzb vbbhv t`

jb sbz{ ikttib bcc`zt ‖ kc ng{ nt nii ‖ kgtokv dkzbftk`g'

Kg tokv zbv}bft)bsbg tob }z`}`vbd `rtf`hbv(jnvbd n}(

}z`nfo ngd t{}ì l{ `c tob F`hhkv(vk`g `g Oklobz Bdrfntk`g kv |`bcrii{kgndb~rntb jbfnrvb |okib kt kgvkvtv `g’tob }z`drftk`g `c gb| ag`|ibdlb‛ nvtob oniihnza `c tob rgksbzvkt{) tobzb kv

}znftkfnii{ g`tokgl vnkd nj`rt tob fì(inj`zntk`g c tob dkvfk}ikgbv ngd tob tzri{’rgksbzvni‘ l`ni `c tob bsìskgl orhngf`gvfk`rvgbvv tont tob rgksbzvkt{ hrvt

c`vtbz' Kt }zbvfzkjbv n }bzfbgtnlb `c cnf(rit{ hbhjbzv |o` vo`rid jb kgsìsbdkg zbvbnzfo) jrt vn{v g`tokgl nj`rt tob~rnikt{ `c tob zbvbnzfo tont kv |`zto kg(sbvtkgl j`to orhng ngd vfni zbv`rzfbvkg' Kc nii tont tokv t{}ì`l{ zbvritv kg kvn }zìkcbzntk`g `c `rz }bzcrgft`zki{ }rj(ikvobd e`rzgniv `g czngai{ gnàsb vtrdkbvvrfo nv ’Tob H`znib `c Bh}i`{bbv `c F`h}ng{ _ ngd tob Ibndbzvok} ^rnik(tkbv `c F`z}`zntb @cfkniv‘) tobg `gb

jkl cns`z FOBD f`rid d` rv nii kv dkv(f`rznlb tob |nvtb `c }n}bz ngd kga `gvrfo |`ztoibvv }vbrd`(zbvbnzfobv.

Lbsbzv tnabv r} tob sbz{ kgtbzbvt(kgl tobhb `c bdrfntk`g kg tob orhngk(tkbv sbzvrv tob v}bfknikubd bdrfntk`g kgtbfogì`l{ ngd kg tob vfkbgfbv' Kg `gbrgksbzvkt{) tob fzktbzk`g c`z bh}i`{kglBglikvo tbnfobzv kg tob vfo`ì `c hrvkfkv tob |kiikglgbvv `c tob tbnfobz t` lksbtob vtrdbgtv }nvvkgl lzndbv v` tont tob{

fng h`sb `g t` tob zbni }bzc`zhngfbvrjebftv5 }kng`) s`kfb) skìkg) btf' V`) t`tob nfndbhkf ibndbzv `c tokv }nztkfrinz)tont n vtrdbgt kv njib t` vozkba obz |n{toz`rlo vkx ftnsbv h`zb tong hnabv r}c`z obz kgnjkikt{ t` dkvtkglrkvo jbt|bbgg`rgv ngd sbzjv) `z obz rgfbztnkgt{nj`rt |obtobz `z g`t Czngfkvf` Jninl(tnv ngd \kiiknh Vonabv}bnzb |bzb nftr(nii{ `gb ngd tob vnhb }bzv`g.

F`gtkgrbd t`h`zz`|

BDKT@ZKNI

@rtvkdb JV]‛v f`h}btbgfb

RG^RBVTK@GNJI[) tob Jngla`Vbgtzni gl ]kik}kgnv tbnh ibd j{ L`s(bzg`z Nhngd` Tbtnglf` Ez' kv gb c tobh`vt }z`cbvvk`gni ngd f`h}btbgt tbnh`c fbgtzni jngabzv kg tob |`zid'

Tbtnglf` ngd okv fìibnlrbv onsb j(tnkgbd zbf`lgktk`g g`t `gi{ kg tob ]oki(k}}kgbv jrt kgtbzgntk`gnii{ nv |bii c`z hnakgl tob JV] `gb `c tob hne`z ikgfo(

}kgv kg }z`skdkgl tob ]okik}}kgbv gng(fkni vtnjkikt{ kg tob cnfb `c tob hng{vt`zhv tont onsb jrccbtbd tob |`zidbf`g`h{'

Tokv kv tob zbnv`g |o{ Tbtnglf`‛vn}}`kgthbgt j{ ]zbvkdbgt Jbgklg`N~rkg` KKK t` n gb| vkx({bnz tbzh |nv|bif`hbd j{ snzk`rv vbft`zv' Tokv kvkg zbf`lgktk`g `c okv zìb kg tob vrffbvv(cri c`zhrintk`g ngd kh}ibhbgtntk`g `c h`gbtnz{ }ìkfkbv tont onv hnkgtnkgbdvtnjib }zkfbv) n vtz`gl jngakgl vbft`z)obnito{ c`zbklg zbvbzsbv ngd n vtz`gl

}bv`'O`|bsbz) zbni bvtntb dbniv n}}bnz t`

jb n |bnagbvv `c tob JV]' ]bzon}v kt kvv`hbtokgl `rtvkdb `c ktv f`h}btbgfb kc

|b f`gvkdbz ktv cnkirzb t` dkv}`vb `c tob }zkhb <?'?(obftnzb Bsbzfzbvt Lìc Firjngd Zbv`zt kg Gnvrljr) Jntnglnv'

Invt {bnz tob JV] tzkbd t` dkv}`vb`c tob }z`}bzt{) |okfo onv ng bvtkhntbdsnirb `c ]>': jkiik`g t` ]>'<6 jkiik`gtoz`rlo jkddkgl ngd tobg toz`rlo gbl`(tkntbd vnib' Dbv}ktb tob cnft tont tobzb nzbn grhjbz `c nllzbvvksb }z`}bzt{ dbsbi(`}bzv kg tob f`rgtz{) ngd dbv}ktb JV]‛v`ccbz c vtnllbzbd }n{hbgt vfobhbv ngdi`| kgtbzbvt zntbv) g`t `gb bx}zbvvbd kg(tbzbvt t` }nztkfk}ntb'

V`hb czkbgdv |o` nzb vonzb(oìdkglhbhjbzv `c Bsbzfzbvt nzb `c f`rzvbon}}{ tont tob JV] onv g`t jbbg njib t`dkv}`vb `c tob }z`}bzt{' Tobvb czkbgdv|o` kgvkvt tont tob vonzb(oìdkgl hbh(

jbzv nzb tob zbni `|gbz `c Bsbzfzbvt ngd|o` vtzbvv tont tob{ onsb jbbg rgervti{db}zksbd `c tobkz `|gbzvok} zklotv nzbl`kgl nz`rgd tniakgl t` hbdkn czkbgdv

kg `zdbz t` sbgtkintb tobkz vkdb `c tobBsbzfzbvt `|gbzvok} kvvrb'

Tob jnfalz`rgd hntbzkniv lksbg j{tob Bsbzfzbvt vonzb(oìdkgl hbhjbzv

lksb n }bzv}bftksb `c tob kvvrb'Tob vonzb(oìdkgl hbhjbzv `c Bsbz(

fzbvt bvtnjikvobd tob lìc firj ngd zbv`ztkg tob >;;=v c`z tobkz bxfirvksb rvb `gn g`g(}z`t jnvkv' Bsbzfzbvt `}bzntbvn lìc f`rzvb) n zbv`zt firj |kto zbfzb(ntk`gni) i`dlkgl ngd v}`zt cnfkiktkbv'

Bnfo vonzb `c vt`fa obid j{ ng Bsbz(fzbvt hbhjbz zb}zbvbgtv }nzt(`|gbzvok}`c tob firj‛v nvvbtv ngd }z`}bztkbv' Tob{onsb tobkz `|g bibftbd j`nzd `c dkzbf(t`zv |okfo bxbzfkvbv crii f`z}`zntb }`|(bzv kgfirdkgl vbiikgl `z dkv}`vkgl `c firj }z`}bztkbv'

Tob hbhjbzv }nkd c`z tob vonzbv`c Bsbzfzbvt nv n f`z}`zntk`g ngd niv`h`gtoi{ drbv t` f`sbz lbgbzni bx}bgvbvc`z tob }bzntk`g ngd hnkgtbgngfb c tobcnfkiktkbv'

Bsbzfzbvt hbhjbzv |bzb fnrlot j{vrz}zkvb |obg `g Dbfbhjbz ><) :=>=)

Bsbzfzbvt Lìc Firj ngd Zbv`zt Firjfi`vbd ktv }bzntk`gv ngd vbfrzkt{ lrnzdvokzbd j{ tob JV] t`à f`gtzì `c toblntbv ngd }zbsbgtbd tob hbhjbzv cz`hrvkgl tob cnfkiktkbv'

Tob hbhjbzv c`rgd rt tont tob ’}zb(fk}ktntb tnab`sbz j{ JV]‘ `c tobkz firj|nv tob zbvrit `c n f`h}z`hkvb nlzbb(hbgt jbt|bbg tob f`gtz`sbzvkni L`tbvf`F`z}`zntk`g ngd tob JV]'

Kt vbbhv tont kg >;;;) JV] vrbdL`tbvf` jbc`zb n Hngkin Zblk`gni TzkniF`rzt t` fìibft JV] ndsngfbv t` tob

fi`vbd @zkbgt Jnga |okfo kv `|gbd j{L`tbvf` F`z}' Kg :==6) JV] ngd L`tbv(f` zbnfobd n f`h}z`hkvb nlzbbhbgtngd Bsbzfzbvt Lìc Firj ngd Zbv`zt |nvkgfirdbd nh`gl tob }z`}bztkbv t` jbtrzgbd `sbz j{ L`tbvf` t` JV]'

Bsbzfzbvt Firj vonzb(oìdbzv vtzbvvtont tob{ onsb g`tokgl t` d` |kto tobf`h}z`hkvb nlzbbhbgt vkgfb kt |nv g`tn }nzt{ t` tob JV](L`tbvf` fnvb' Tob{vn{ tont Bsbzfzbvt gbsbz lnsb ktv f`gvbgtt` `z n}}z`sni `c tob nlzbbhbgt'

L`tbvf` cnkibd t` f`h}i{ |kto tob }z`(

skvk`gv `c tob f`h}z`hkvb nlzbbhbgt ngdkg :==? JV] ibd n h`tk`g c`z bxbfrtk`g'Tob JV] t`à `sbz tob Bsbzfzbvt }z`}bz(tkbv |okfo L`tbvf` kgfirdbd nv }nzt `c tobf`h}z`hkvb nlzbbhbgt ngd JV] vrffbbd(bd kg tob fngfbiintk`g `c tob tktibv `sbz toblìc f`rzvb ngd tob kvvrngfb `c n gb| tktibkg tob gnhb `c JV]'

Bsbzfzbvt vnkd kt |nv g`t ’n|nzb)hrfo ibvv n }nzt{ tobzbt` kg lz`vv skìn(tk`g `c tobkz zklotv t` drb }z`fbvv‘ ngdBsbzfzbvt n}}bnibd tobkz fnvb jbc`zb tobF`rzt `c N}}bniv /FN+'

Bsbzfzbvt vonzb(oìdbzv cnkibd t` lbtzbikbc cz`h tob FN |okfo toz`rlo n 6(:s`tb zbcrvbd t` zrib `g tob hbzktv `c tobfnvb ngd dbfinzbd tob vkgfb JV] onvnizbnd{ tnabg `sbz tob Bsbzfzbvt }z`}(bztkbv tob fnvb kv nizbnd{ h``t ngd nfn(dbhkf'

Tob{ onsb bibsntbd tob fnvb t` tob

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Tob{ nzb o`}kgl tont tob Vbzbg`F`rzt |kii zbgdbz n ’crii ngd bxonrv(tksb dbtbzhkgntk`g `c tob fnvb‘ ngd f`g(vkdbz tob cnft tont Bsbzfzbvt |nv gbsbz n

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( Jriibtkg J`nzd c tob ]L@H 5 G`sbhjbz ::) :=>: nt >=5== n'h' nt JNF @cfb( ]L@H \bjvktb 5 G`sbhjbz :3) :=>:( ]okiLB]V \bjvktb 5 G`sbhjbz :3) :=>:( Gb|v}n}bz c Lbgbzni Gntk g|kdb Fkzfrintk g 5 G`sbhjbz :3) :=>:

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n+ Biklkjkikt{ Zb~rkzbhbgtv ngd Tbfogkfni ]z`}`vni 5 Dbfbhjbz >;):=>: nt >=5== n'h' nt JNF @cfbj+ Ckgngfkni ]z`}`vni 5 Dbfbhjbz >;):=>: nt >=5== n'h' nt JNF @cfb

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Tob f`h}ibtb vbt c jkddkgl d`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd nt tob JNF Vbfzbtnzknt r}`g }n{hbgt c g`g zbcrgdnjib }zkfbc jkd d`frhbgtv kgdkfntbd nj`sb'

]zb(Jkd F`gcbzbgfb vonii jb }bgbd t nii kgtbzbvtbd }nztkbv) o`|bsbz gi{ to`vb |o }rzfonvbd tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtvhn{ }nztkfk}ntb kg tob dkvfrvvk g nt vnkd f`gcbzbgfb'

Nii }nztkfrinzv zbintksb t` biklkjkikt{ vtntbhbgt ngd vfzbbgkgl) Jkd Vbfrzkt{) ]bzc`zhngfb Vbfrzkt{) ]zb(Jkddkgl F`gcbzbgfbv)Bsnirntk g c Jkdv) ]`vt rnikfntk g ngd N|nzd c F`gtznft vonii jb l`sbzgbd j{ tob }z`skvk gv c Zb}rjikf Nft ;>?4ngd ktv KZZ'

Tob ]L@H zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t z zbebft jkd t` nggri jkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv nt ng{ tkhb}zk`z t` f`gtznft n|nzd |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbd jkddbz z jkddbzv'

C`z crztobz kgc`zhntk`g) }ibnvb zbcbz t`5

HZ' ERIK@ Z' KFNIObnd JNF Vbfzbtnzknt]z`skgfkni Fn}ktì) Fnhkihki) Fnin}ng Fkt{Tbi' G`v' /=46+ :?3(<>:=

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f' I`fntk`g 5 Fngdnjn(Vng Ir kv # Hkgn ikg) ]nh}ngln

d' Jzkbc Dbvfzk}tk`g 5F`gvtzrftk`gZb}nkzF`h}ibtk`gZbonjkiktntk`g `c H]J1 F`gvtzrftk`gF`gfzbtkglZbonjkiktntk gF`h}ib(tk`g c Z`nd

b' N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+

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T` jkd c`z tokvtobvb f`gtznftv) n f`gtznft`z hrvt vrjhkt n Ibttb z c Kgtbgt /I@K+ ngd hrvthbbt tob cìi`|kgl hne`z fzktbzkn5 /n+ }zk`z zblkvtzntk`g |kto D]\O) /j+ Ckik}kg` fktkubg `c <2"Ckik}kg`(`|gbd }nztgbzvok}) f`z}`zntk`g) f``}bzntksb) `z e`kgt sbgtrzb |kto ]FNJ ikfbgvbn}}ikfnjib t` tob t{}b ngd f`vt `c tokv f`gtznft) /f+ f`h}ibtk`g `c n vkhkinz f`gtznft f`vtkglnt ibnvt 2=" `c NJF |ktokg }bzk`d `c >= {bnzv) ngd /d+ Gbt Ckgngfkni F`gtznftkgl Fn}nfkt{nt ibnvt b~rni t` NJF) `z fzbdkt ikgb f`hhkthbgt c`z nt ibnvt >=" `c NJF' Tob JNF |kii rvbg`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzkn kg tob biklkjkikt{ fobfa ngd }zbikhkgnz{ bxnhkgntk`g `c jkdv)bsnirntk`g c jkdv'

Rgzblkvtbzbd f`gtznft`zv) o`|bsbz) vonii vrjhkt tobkz n}}ikfntk`g t` tob D]\O(]@F\Fbgtzni @cfb jbc`zb tob dbndikgb c`z tob zbfbk}t `c I@K' Tob D]\O(]@F\ Fbgtzni @cfb|kii `gi{ }z`fbvv f`gtznft`z‛v n}}ikfntk`g c`z zblkvtzntk`g |kto f`h}ibtb zb~rkzbhbgtv) ngdkvvrb tob F`gtznft`z‛v Fbztkfntb `c Zblkvtzntk`g /FZF+'

Tob vklgkfngt tkhbv ngd dbndikgbv `c }z`frzbhbgt nftksktkbv nzb vo`|g jbi`|5

>' Kvvrngfb `c Jkd D`frhbgtv G`sbhjbz :6 ‖ Dbfbhjbz >6) :=>::' ]zb(Jkd F`gcbzbgfb G`sbhjbz :;) :=>:

6' Zbfbk}t ngd @}bgkgl `c Jkdv

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@}bgkgl `c Jkdv nt >=5== NH]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv vonii vrjhkt tobkz dri{ nff`h}ikvobd c`zhv nv v}bfkbd kg tob JD‛v kg

t|` /:+ vb}nzntb vbnibd jkd bgsbi`}bv t` tob JNF Fonkzhng' Tob zvt bgsbi`}b vonii f`gtnkgtob tbfogkfni f`h}`gbgt c tob jkd) |okfo vonii kgfirdb tob biklkjkikt{ zb~rkzbhbgtv' Tob vbf`gdbgsbi`}b vonii f`gtnkg tob gngfkni f`h}`gbgt c tob jkd' F`gtznft |kii jb n|nzdbd t` tob I`|(bvt Fnifrintbd Zbv}`gvksb Jkd nv dbtbzhkgbd kg tob jkd bsnirntk`g ngd tob }`vt(~rnik fntk`g'

]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv hn{ d`|gi`nd tob Zblkvtzntk`g cz`h tob D]\O(|bjvktb | | | ' d } | o 'l`s'}o ' Tob JNF |kii kvvrb onzd f`}kbv c Ibttbz `c Kgtbgt D`frhbgtv /I@K‛V+ nt tob JNF Vbfzb(tnzknt) D]\O(]nh}ngln >vt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Vkgdning) Fkt{ `c Vng Cbzgngd`) ]nh}ngln '

]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv fng d`|gi`nd tob I@K D`frhbgtv' Jkdv hrvt nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kgng{ c`zh kg tob nh`rgt vtntbd kg Vbftk`g :<': c tob Zbskvbd KZZ'

]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv hn{ niv` d |gi`nd tob JDv) kc nsnkinjib) cz`h tob D]\O |bjvktb' TobJNF |kii niv` kvvrb onzd f`}kbv c tob JDv nt tob vnhb nddzbvv t` biklkjib jkddbzv r}`g }n{hbgt c n g`g(zbcrgdnjib cbb' Jkddbzv tont |kii d`|gi`nd tob JDv cz`h tob D]\O |bjvktb vonii }n{ tob vnkdcbbv r}`g tob vrjhkvvk`g c tobkz jkdv'

Tob Db}nz thbgt ` c ]rj i kf \`zav ngd O klo| n{v ( ]nh}ngln >vt D kv t z kf tBglkgbbzkgl @cfb zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t `z zbebft ng{ jkd ngd t` nggritob jkddkgl }z`fbvv ng{tkhb jbc`zb F`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{t` tob nccbftbd jkddbzv'

N}}z`sbd j{5

/Vld'+ G@HBZ NJBI ] ' FNGINV JNF Fonkzhng

/HVT(G@S' :3) :=>:+

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FNLN[NG DB @Z@ FKT[—JD@ F`hhrgkt{ Jrkidbzvcz`h jzngfobv ngd `tobz vrj(vkdknzkbv obzb f`gtkgrb t` }rtr} 6== o`rvbv nt tob VH(JD@Zbvbttibhbgt kg Jnzngln{Fngkt`ng'

Bsbz{ |bbabgd) sìrgtbbzvhkxb lznsbi ngd vngd) in{ f`g(fzbtb ji`fav) fibnz dbjzk ngd}nkgt tob o`hbv `c zbi`fntbdzbvkdbgtv'

Tob vktb |kii onsb }bzhn(

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Tob }zbebft kv f``zdkgntbd|kto Ln|nd Anikgln C`rg(dntk`g) Fnln{ng db @z` i`fnil`sbzghbgt) Gntk`gni O`rv(kgl Nrto`zkt{) Db}nzthbgt `c ]r?jikfo \`zav ngd Oklo|n{vngd `tobz nlbgfkbv'

Jrkidbzv nkd JD@(VH zbvbttibhbgt



G@SBHJBZ :3) :=>:H@GDN[ N<

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Cki(Nh Lìc o`t nv bsbz

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’K |kii gbsbz vak} tob Cki(Nhc`z nv i`gl nv K nh njib)‘ vnkd

RV Gns{ hng Lnz{ Iksbz`vb `c Lrnh) |o` onv jbbg zb}zbvbgt(kgl Vb`ri Vrzsks`zv `c A`zbn >4vtznklot {bnzv' Vb`ri Vrzsks`zvonv jbbg |kto Cki(Nh :< vrffbv(vksb {bnzv'

Tokv {bnz ni`gb) |kto tob bsbgtzbgnhbd tob T`{`tn 36zd Cki(NhLìc Kgsktntk`gni T`rzgnhbgt t`tob btbzgni dbiklot `c Vobz|kgForn Ikh ngd Ekgl Ntkbgun `c T`{`tn H`t`z ]okik}}kgbv) tob}nztkfk}ngtv ond f`hb kg dz`sbvnlnkg c`z tob t|`(|bba nccnkz bgd(kgl Dbf' ?' /N T {`tn Sk`v kv noìb(kg(`gb enfa}`t nt G`' >= `c JFF ngd G`' >? `c FEO) nh`gl`tobz irfzntksb }zkubv'+

Bxnfti{ n t tni `c >)>?; }in{(bzv |bzb nff`hh`dntbd) dkskdbdnih`vt bsbgi{ kg tob vbgk`zv ngdhbg‛v zblrinz fntbl`zkbv' C`z tobzvt tkhb kg n i gl |okib) gbnzi{ >2

|nktikvtbd tbnhv ond jbbg nffb}tbd'’Kt f`ridg‛t lbt ng{ jbttbz tong

tokv)‘ vnkd Vokg ]nri Fong) tobt`rzgnhbgt f`(fonkz |kto ObkgbzHnrijbfabz `c Fnh} Eòg On{'

Tbnhv |kto n hkgkhrh `c sb}in{bzv bnfo f`hb j`to cz`hnz`rgd tob f`rgtz{ ngd `sbzvbnvnv cnz nv tob RV) Nrvtznikn) V`rtoA`zbn) En}ng) Lrnh) On|nkk)Gb| Ubningd ngd @akgn|n'

’\b nzb jibvvbd) kgdbbd) nv |bni|n{v gd `rzvbisbv iibd t` tobznctbzv)‘ vnkd Fong) tob JFF Zbvk(dbgt Hngnlbz' ’Tobzb nzb oktfobv)`c f`rzvb) jrt tob{ nzb v` hkg`z nvt` fnrvb obndnfobv c`z rv' Tob{nzb nftrnii{ }z`jibhv tont |b tzbnt|kto tbgdbz i`skgl fnzb'‘

Vokg vkglibd `rt tob gb|f`hbzv

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Nito`rlo tob Cki(Nh kv jnvk(fnii{ n crg bsbgt) tob f`h}btk(tk`gv) |okfo vtnztbd `g G`sbhjbz:4 |kto tob vbgk`zv tkcc hnkgi{)

jbf hbv to`z rloi{ bzfb nv tobdn{v l` j{' Kt kv orhng gntrzbtont |b jbf`hb tktib(orglz{ bv(}bfknii{ |obg tob fonh}k`gvok}tz`}o{ kv |ktokg vklot—ngd g`tbdi`fni jz`ndfnvtbz Ngdzb| ]kgbz`tnabv tokv t` obnzt'

’K hn{ g t jb l``d) jrt K lrt kt`rt g t `gi{ c`z h{vbic jrt c`z h{tbnh nv |bii)‘ Ngdzb| ]kgbz vnkd'

Dbv}ktb onskgl jbbg ervt dkv(fonzlbd cz`h n |bba(i`gl vtkgt

kg tob o`v}ktni c`z nfrtb t`gvkiiktkvngd zbv}kznt`z{ nkihbgt) V] Fongkhhbdkntbi{ khhbzvbd okhvbic kgt` okv lnzlngtrng e`j) klg`zkgld`ft`z‛v `zdbzv c`z okh t` l` jbd(zbvt c`z n cb| h`zb dn{v'

\obg nff`vtbd j{ JFF Lbg(bzni Hngnlbz Ngto`g{ db Ib`gc`z ’hbdkfni dkv`jbdkbgfb)‘ Fongzbnv`gbd `rt) ’K |`ridg‛t jb f`h(c`ztnjib) Vkz) i{kgl kg jbd tokgakgl`c tob e`j tont gbbdv t` jb d`gbrgdbz h{ |ntfo'‘

NDI) n hng `c ikhktibvv i`lkf)f`rid `gi{ nffbdb) nijbkt vfzntfo(kgl okv obnd'

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’Kt ni|n{v }n{v t` obbd {`rzd`ft`z‛v ndskfb) bsbg kc g`t f`h(

}ibtbi{)‘ ob vnkd' ’Kt lksbv {`r}bnfb `c hkgd'‘% % %

NII KG' Kzbgb Nddnvkl c`rgd ngbnti{ |zn}}bd ngd gb|i{ j`rlot|zkvt|ntfo |`zto to`rvngdv `c }bv`v nt tob JFF sbzngdno intbbsbgkgl ngd tob vbgk`z |nktzbvvkhhbdkntbi{ trzgbd kt `sbz t`JFF bxbfrtksb EZ Skiingrbsn'Tob cìi`|kgl dn{ nt jzbnacnvt)tob `|gbz l`t okv |ntfo jnfa' ’Kfng‛t tonga {`r bg`rlo) lr{v)‘vnkd n e`{`rv Enab ]' N{v`g) |o`kv h`zb ag`|g nv h{ f`(fonkzkg tob Zribv F`hhkttbb `c tobCki(Nh' ’Tokv |ntfo kv h{ lkctt` h{ lzngdv`g tokv Fozkvthnv'‘Fobbzv t` Kzbgb ngd EZ—ngd tobJFF.

Fbjr Fkt{‛v hnvvksb skft`zkbv kgdngfbv}`ztv obid nt tob Ib{tb Gn(tk`gni Oklo Vfo`ì okabd ktv t`tnionzsbvt t` <= lìdv) 23 vkisbzv ngd24 jz`gubv'

Dngfbv}`ztv) ikab lkziv‛ v`ctjniingd |bklotikctkgl) nzb obid nv gn(tk`gni gniv) |okib tob zbvt `c tobv}`ztv }in{bd obzb |bzb ~rnikc{kglbsbgtv c`z tob Gntk`gni Ckgniv'

Tob lìd ngd vkisbz hbdnikvtvobzb) ikab kg tob }zbsk`rv c`rz iblvobid nfz`vv tob f`rgtz{) |kii nd(sngfb t` tob Ki`ki` Fkt{ fonh}k`g(ok}v vintbd Dbf' 2 t` ;'

Ib{tb ]z`skgfb) zb}zbvbgtbdobzb j{ Ib{tb V}`ztv Nfndbh{(Vhnzt) bgdbd r} |kggkgl 6;lìdv t` l` |kto :3 vkisbzv ngd :<jz`gubv' Tokzt{ t|` `c tob lìdvfnhb cz`h tznfa ngd bid) |obzbtob o`vtv vtrggbd tzndktk`gni nto(ibtkfv c`zfbv cz`h \bvtbzg ngdFbgtzni Skvn{nv'

Jnfì`d Fkt{ inrgfobd n h`zb

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cz`h tob }`ì) Jnfì`d Fkt{ }kfabdr} >< skft`zkbv kg v|khhkgl) gkgbkg ntoibtkfv) c`rz kg tnba|`gd` ngdt|` kg tnjib tbggkv'

Niv` tnakgl kg tob jria `c ktv|kggkglv cz`h tob }`ì |nv Gb(lz`v

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\ntfokgl tob lot nt zkglvkdb|nv hngdnt`z{ foniibglbz DbgsbzFrbii` `c tob ]okik}}kgbv) ni`gl|kto okv }z`h`tbzhngnlbztznkgbzNie`b Enz`'

\kto tob |kg) Uo`gl kh}z`sbd

t` :=(4(> |kto >> ag`fa`rtv) |okibZbvbgdku dz`}}bd t` >6(4(: |kto 3ag`fa`rtv'

Nii tozbb erdlbv Orjbzt Hkgg/RVN+) Jzkng HfHno`g /Nrv(tznikn+ ngd G`}nznt /Tonkingd+vf`zbd tob lot c`z Uo`gl j{hnzlkgv `c >>3(>>4) >>3(>>:)ngd n zkdkfri`rvi{ i`}vkdbd >>;(>>='

Tob tokzd hng kg tob zkgl |nvJzrfb HfTnskvo) n Gb| Ubningdgntksb |o` onv hndb okv o`hb kgNglbibv Fkt{ kg tob ]okik}}kgbv'

Z`ggkb Gntongkbiu

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/HVT(G`s' :3 # Dbf' 6) :=>:+

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Vng Hklrbi Nsbgrb) ]nvkl Fkt{

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G`tkfb kv obzbj{ lksbg tont g G`sbhjbz >2) :=>:) Hngkin BibftzkfF`h}ng{ /HBZNIF@+ ibd ng n}}ikfntk`g c`z tob n}}z`sni `c tobzbskvbd Tkhb(`c(Rvb /T@R+ zbtnki zntbv t` bgd(rvbzv) |kto }zn{bz c`z }z`skvk`gni nrto`zkt{'

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>' Kt kv n }zksntb f`z}`zntk`g bxkvtkgl rgdbz tob in|v `c tobZb}rjikf `c tob ]okik}}kgbv) |kto }zkgfk}ni `cfb i`fntbdnt I`}bu Jrkidkgl) HBZNIF@ Fbgtbz) @ztklnv Nsbgrb)]nvkl Fkt{' Kt onv n iblkvintksb czngfokvb t` `}bzntb ngdhnkgtnkg n dkvtzkjrtk`g v{vtbh kg tob FktkbvHrgkfk}niktkbv`c Hbtz` Hngkin) Jrinfng) Fnsktb ngd Zkuni ngd fbztnkgFktkbvHrgkfk}niktkbvJnzngln{v kg Jntnglnv) Inlrgn)^rbu`g ngd ]nh}ngln }rzvrngt t` Zb}rjikf Nft G`' ;:=;ngd kv nrto`zkubd t` fonzlb ktv frvt`hbzv c`z tobkz bibftzkff`gvrh}tk`g nt tob zntbv n}}z`sbd j{ tob F`hhkvvk`g1

:' Kg n Dbfkvk`g dntbd Dbfbhjbz >4) :==; kg BZF Fnvb G`':==<(>>> ZF>) tob F`hhkvvk`g n}}z`sbd |kto h`dkfntk`gHBZNIF@‛v }z`} vbd T@R Zbtnki Zntbv nv |bii nv tob }z`(c`zhn Nlzbbhbgt tont bhj`dkbv tob tbzhv ngd f`gdktk`gv

rgdbz tob vnkd T@R ]z`lznh' Tob F`hhkvvk`g n}}z`sbd tobcìi`|kgl Jnvkf Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlbv c`z ~rnikbd KgdrvtzkniF`hhbzfkni T@R frvt`hbzv f`gvrhkgl nt ibnvt 2 a\dbhngd c`z tob }zbfbdkgl t|bisb />:+ h`gtov ngd ~rnikbdZbvkdbgtkni T@R frvt`hbzv |kto n t|bisb />:+(h`gto nsbznlbf`gvrh}tk`g c nt ibnvt 2== a\o5

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6' Tob vnkd Dbfkvk`g |nv crztobz finzkbd j{ tob F hhkvvk`g|obg kt kvvrbd ng @zdbz dntbd N}zki >:) :=>=) |okfo }z`skdbvtob f`h}ibtb zntb vfobdrib ngd Vr}}i{ ngd Hbtbzkgl fonzlbvc`z ktv T@R frvt`hbzv1

4' Rvkgl }zèbftbd Engrnz{ t` Dbfbhjbz :=>6 vr}}i{ hkxngd f`vtv) tob Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlbv QJnvkf) }irv Lbgbzntk`gFonzlb Ndervthbgt /LFN+X rgdbz ktv bxkvtkgl T@R ]z`lznh|kii jb nv cìi`|v5

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2' J{ Dbfbhjbz :2) :=>:) ktv Tzngvktk`g Vr}}i{ F`gtznft/TVF+ |kto tob Gntk`gni ]`|bz F`z}`zntk`g /G]F+) t` tobbxtbgt `c tob sìrhb f`sbzbd j{ tob gb| ]`|bz Vr}}i{ Nlzbbhbgtv /]VNv+ kt bgtbzbd kgt` ngd }bgdkgl n}}z`snij{ tob F`hhkvvk`g): kv vbt t` bx}kzb' Nt tob vnhb tkhb) tobHBZNIF@(G]F v}bfkni zntb }z`lznhv) gnhbi{) tob Frvt`hbzFo`kfb ]z`lznh /FF]+ ngd Bfù`gb Zntb ]z`lznh /BZ]+)|kii g` i`glbz jb nsnkinjib j{ tobg' Nttnfobd nv Nggbx ’N‘) ngdhndb kgtblzni }nzt c tob n}}ikfntk`g) kv n f`}{ c n ibttbz cz`hV`rto ]zbhkbzb ]`|bz F`z}' /V]]F+) tob G]F nvvklgbb `c tob sìrhbv rgdbz FF] ngd BZ]) g`tkc{kgl kt c tob tbzhkgntk`g`c tob FF] ngd BZ] j{ Dbfbhjbz :2) :=>:1

3' Tob bklot{(vkx /?3+ FF] ngd tozbb orgdzbd ct{(t|` /62:+BZ] nsnkibbv |kii g` i`glbz bge`{ tob v}bfkni zntbv }z`skdbdj{ G]F rgdbz tobvb v}bfkni zntb }z`lznhv |okfo |kii tzngvintbt` kgfzbnvbv kg tobkz f`vtv `c }z`drftk`g) tobzbj{) nccbftkgltobkz f`h}btktksbgbvv' Nv n f`gvb~rbgfb) v`hb kgdrvtzkbv/k'b' vtbbi kgdrvtz{+ hn{ g`t jb njib t` jbnz vrfo nddktk`gnif`vt ngd nv vrfo) tob{ |kii zntobz kh}`zt tob }z`drftv tonghngrcnftrzb tobh obzb kg tob f`rgtz{ |okib tobz kgdrvtzkbvhn{ }t t` vi`| d`|g tobkz }z`drftk`g z bsbg zbtokga kc tob{|`rid f`gtkgrb t` `}bzntb kg tob ]okik}}kgbv1

<' Kg zbv}`gvb t` tob ngtkfk}ntbd bx}kzntk`g `c tob FF] ngd BZ]nv |bii nv t` tob snzk`rv frvt`hbz zb~rbvtv /nttnfobd t` tobn}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbx ’J‘ ngd vbzkbv ngd hndb ng kgtblzni}nzt tobzb`c+) kt onv dbfkdbd t` }z`}`vb n sknjib nitbzgntksbzntb `}tk`g t` vrfo frvt`hbzv |o`vb i`nd fonznftbzkvtkfvfng jbgbt cz`h T@R zntbv z |o` fng vokct `z onsb nizbnd{vokctbd tobkz i`ndv cz`h }bna t` cc(}bna o`rzv' Tob }z`}`vbdzbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv nkh t` nff`hh`dntb tob nc`zbvnkdfrvt`hbzv j{ }z`skdkgl tobh |kto n gb| ]bna@cc(]bna/]@]+ ]z`lznh tont onv n |kdbz }zkfkgl dkccbzbgfb jbt|bbg}bna ngd cc(}bna zntbv' Tokv |`rid dbgktbi{ jzkgl jbgbtvg`t `gi{ t` tob frvt`hbzv kg tbzhv `c bh}`|bzkgl tobh t`hngnlb tobkz f`gvrh}tk`g jrt niv` t` tob dkvtzkjrtk`g rtkikt{nv tob vokct c i`ndv cz`h }bna t` cc(}bna o`rzv kh}z`sbv tobv{vtbh i`nd cnft`z zbvritkgl kg n h`zb bcfkbgt ngd ritkhntbi{)n h`zb bf`g`hkfni rvb `c ikhktbd lbgbzntk`g fn}nfkt{' Nf`h}nzkv`g `c tob kh}nft `c tob bxkvtkgl ngd }z`}`vbdzbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv kv nttnfobd t` tob n}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbx ’F‘ ngd vbzkbv ngd hndb ng kgtblzni }nzt tobzb`c1

?' Kg fnifrintkgl tob zbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv) kt t`à kgt`f`gvkdbzntk g tob bccbft `c ng sbz(nii i`|bz lbgbzntk`g zntbtont |`rid zbvrit cz`h tob tkhbi{ n}}z`sni ngd kh}ibhbgtntk`g`c ktv gb| ]VNv j{ Dbfbhjbz :2) :=>:' Tob zbskvbd T@Rzbtnki zntbv) }nztkfrinzi{) tob Jnvkf Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlbv) |okfokt |kii `ccbz r}`g n}}z`sni ngd kh}ibhbgtntk`g `c ktv gb|]VNv) nzb vo`|g jbi`|5

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% Rvkgl }zèbftbd Engrnz{ t` Dbfbhjbz :=>6 vr}}i{ hkx ngdf`vtv

;' F`lgkungt c tob cnft tont ng{ vklgkfngt i`nd vokct j{ tobvbfrvt`hbzv cz`h }bna t` cc(}bna o`rzv |kii zbvrit kg i`|bzkglbgbzl{ dbhngd drzkgl }bna o`rzv) tobzbj{) i`|bzkgl `sbz(nii lbgbzntk`g f`vtv) kt dbvklgbd ktv }z`}`vbd zbskvbd T@Rzbtnki zntbv nv onskgl n |kdbz v}zbnd jbt|bbg }bna ngd`cc(}bna zntbv v` nv t` bgf`rznlb frvt`hbzv t` zbv}`gd t`tob }zkfkgl vklgni ngd f`gvrhb bibftzkfkt{ drzkgl `cc(}bna}bzk`dv' Tokv zntb dbvklg kv f`gvkvtbgt |kto tob bxkvtkgl T@Rzbtnki zntbv rgdbz ktv bxkvtkgl T@R ]z`lznh nv n}}z`sbd j{tob F`hhkvvk`g1

>=' Tob kgfzbhbgtni ngd tobz fonzlbv /kgfirdkgl tob n}}ikfntk`gcbb+ rgdbz ktv bxkvtkgl T@R ]z`lznh n}}z`sbd j{ tob

F`hhkvvk`g nv |bii nv tob tbzhv ngd f`gdktk`gv `c tob}z`(c`zhn Nlzbbhbgt }bztnkgkgl tobzbt`) nv n}}ikfnjib)vonii jb zbtnkgbd1

>>' Nv vrfo) tob `gi{ fonglb cz`h ktv n}}z`sbd T@R ]z`lznhkg BZF Fnvb G`' :==<(>>> ZF |kii jb tob zbskvbd JnvkfLbgbzntk`g Fonzlbv ngd vrfo fonzlbv rgdbz ktv bxkvtkglT@R ]z`lznh vonii jb vr}bzvbdbd j{ tob n}}z`sni `c tob obzbkg }z`}`vbd zbskvbd Jnvkf Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlbv'G`tnji{) bsbg |kto tob }z`v}bftksb n}}ikfntk`g `c tobvbzbskvbd Jnvkf Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlbv t` frvt`hbzv bgzìibdrgdbz ktv frzzbgt T@R ]z`lznh) g` kgfzbnvb kg tobkz `sbz(nii Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlb kv bx}bftbd) }z`skdbd tont) vnkdfrvt`hbzv hnkgtnkg tobkz frzzbgt i`nd }zìb1

>:' \kto tob zbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv) tob }nvv(toz`rlo

gntrzb `c tob Lbgbzntk`g Fonzlb vonii jb hnkgtnkgbd'Tob }z`}`vbd Lbgbzntk`g Zntb Vfobdribv nzb nttnfobd

t` tob n}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbxbv ’D‘ ngd ’D(>‘ ngd hndbkgtblzni }nztv tobzb`c1

>6' Rgdbz ktv gb| ]@] ]z`lznh) tob zntb dkccbzbgtkntk`gjbt|bbg }bna ngd `cc(}bna }bzk`dv kv hnxkhkubd j{i`ndkgl nii tob xbd f`vtv `g }bna }bzk`dv |kto tob `cc(}bna zntbv ikhktbd t` tob nsbznlb snzknjib f`vt drzkgl`cc(}bna }bzk`dv' Tob zntb dkccbzbgtkntk`g kv t` bgf`rznlbfrvt`hbzv t` nsnki c T@R zntbv ngd crztobz vokct i`ndv t``cc(}bna }bzk`dv1

>4' it kv g`t nhkvv t` tob F`hhkvvk g tont hng{ f`h}ngkbvnzb frzzbgti{ rgdbzl`kgl bf`g`hkf onzdvok}v jz`rlotnj`rt j{ grhbz`rv cnft`zv ( cz`h zkvkgl f`vtv c kh}`ztbdzn| hntbzkniv t` frttoz`nt hnzabt f`h}btktk`g' Tobbxtbgvk`g c tob kh}ibhbgtntk`g c ktv T@R ]z`lznh ngdtob bgongfbhbgtv `c tob T@R zntbv |kii fbztnkgi{ lksbtobvb f`h}ngkbv ng `}tk`g t` jb njib t` hngnlb tobkzbgbzl{ f`gvrh}tk`g' Kgdrvtzkbv) vrfo nv fbhbgt) vtbbi)linvv) tbxtkib) bibftz`gkfv) vbhkf`gdrft`zv) }invtkf) J]@/jrvkgbvv }z`fbvv `rtv`rzfkgl+) tbibf`hhrgkfntk`gvngd |ntbz rtkiktkbv) f`rid sbz{ |bii jbgbt cz`h tokv nvtob{ f`rid f`gvkdbz tob vokctkgl `c tobkz i`ndv cz`h }bnat` `cc(}bna }bzk`dv nv n hbngv t` i`|bz tobkz `}bzntkglf`vtv1

>2' Tob kh}nft `c tob zbskvb d T@R zbtnki zntbv `g T@Rfrvt`hbzv |kii snz{ db}bgdkgl `g tob zntk` `c }bna ngd`cc(}bna rvnlb `c frvt`hbzv' Tob kh}nft `g g`g(T@Rfrvt`hbzv |kii) ikab|kvb) snz{ db}bgdkgl g tob grhjbz c frvt`hbzv |o` nsnki c ktv gb| ]@] ]z`lznh nv |bii nvtobvb frvt`hbzv‛ }bna ngd cc(}bna f`gvrh}tk`g }nttbzg'Tob }`vvkjib kh}nft g tob jkiiv c Zbvkdbgtkni ngd Lbgbzni]`|bz frvt`hbzv |o` nsnki c tob zbskvbd T@R zbtnk i zntbvnzb }zbvbgtbd ngd nttnfobd t` tob n}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbx’B‘ ngd vbzkbv ngd hndb ng kgtblzni }nzt tobzb`c |okib tobFrvt`hbz ngd Vnibv ]zìb c }`vvkjib T@R frvt`hbzvkv nttnfobd t` tob n}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbx ’C‘ ngd hndb ngkgtblzni }nzt tobzb`c' Fibnzi{ tobg) tob kh}ibhbgtntk`g ctob zbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv |kii zbd`rgd t` tob jbgbt`c tob frzzbgt FF]) BZ] ngd ktv T@R ]z`lznh nsnkibbv|okib onskgl hkgkhni kh}nft `g g`g(T@R frvt`hbzvf`gvkdbzkgl tob zbdrftk`g kg Lbgbzntk`g zntbv jz`rlotnj`rt j{ tob n}}z`sni ngd tob kh}ibhbgtntk`g `c tobgb| ]VNv' Tob kh}nft `c tob zbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv`g tob g`g(T@R frvt`hbzv kv vo`|g kg Nggbx ’L‘ c tobn}}ikfntk`g ngd hndb ng kgtblzni }nzt tobzb`c1

NIIBLNTK@GV KG VR]]@ZT @C TOB ]ZN[BZ C@Z TOBKVVRNGFB @C N ]Z@SKVK@GNI NRTO@ZKT[

>3' \kto tob tbzhkgntk`g `c tob FF] ngd BZ] j{ Dbfbhjbz :2) :=>:) nv hng{ nv bklot{(vkx /?3+ FF] frvt`hbzvngd tozbb orgdzbd ct{(t|` /62:+ BZ] frvt`hbzv |kii cbbitob zntb kh}nft nv n zbvrit `c tob tbzhkgntk`g `c tob vnkdv}bfkni zntb }z`lznhv' Tokv |kii tzngvintb t` kgfzbnvbv kgtobkz f`vtv `c }z`drftk`g ngd |kii ikabi{ onsb n zk}}ib(bccbft`g tob ]okik}}kgb bf`g`h{1

><' Tob tozbb orgdzbd ct{(t|` /62:+ BZ] nsnkibbv ni`gbf`gtzkjrtb 46'?" `c tob t`tni ]okik}}kgb Hngrcnftrzkglbx}`ztv |`zto nz`rgd RV$>;'3 Jkiik`g ngd }z`skdb h`zbtong :::):>6 e`jv' \kto tob zbskvbd T@R zbtnki zntbv) ntibnvt vbsbgt{(sb /<2+ FF] frvt`hbzv ngd `gb orgdzbdc`zt{ c`rz />44+ BZ] frvt`hbzv |kii jbgbt cz`h ktv gb|]@] ]z`lznh kg tbzhv c f`vt vnskglv) bsbg |kto`rt d`kglng{tokgl t` vokct tobkz f`gvrh}tk`g cz`h }bna t` `cc(}bnao`rzv jrt j{ vkh}i{ hnkgtnkgkgl tobkz i`nd }zìb' @tobz frvt`hbzv hn{ niv` dbzksb jbgbtv cz`h tob }z`lznh j{vokctkgl tobkz f`gvrh}tk`g cz`h }bna t` cc(}bna }bzk`dv1

>?' F`gvkdbzkgl tob jbgbtv }z`skdbd j{ tob FF] ngd BZ]frvt`hbzv t` tob bf`g`h{ ngd tob f`rgtz{ nv n |oìb) tobgntk`gni kgtbzbvt dkftntbv tont tobzb kv lzbntbz zbnv`g ngdgbfbvvkt{ c`z tob kh}ibhbgtntk`g `c tob zbskvbd T@R zbtnkizntbv rgdbz ktv gb| ]@] ]z`lznh t` jb hndb nsnkinjibt` tobh nv n sknjib `}tk`g c`z ncc`zdnjib }`|bz vr}}i{

ngd bgongfbd f`h}btktksbgbvv kg tob li`jni hnzabt' Ktkv gbfbvvnz{ tont n }z`skvk`gni nrto`zkt{ jb khhbdkntbi{kvvrbd nrto`zkukgl kt t` kh}ibhbgt tob }z`}`vbd zbskvbdT@R zbtnki zntbv }bgdkgl obnzkgl `g tob hbzktv `c tobkgvtngt n}}ikfntk`g1

>;' T` bx}inkg tob dbtnkiv `c tob }z`}`vbd zbskvbd T@R zbtnkizntb vfobdribv ngd tob kh}nft tobzb`c g ktv frvt`hbzv nv|bii nv tob gbbd c`z tob khhbdkntb kvvrngfb c }z`skvk`gninrto`zkt{) nttnfobd t` tob n}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbx ’O‘ ngdhndb ng kgtblzni }nzt tobzb`c kv tob Ncdnskt c Hv' G`bhkJ' Ekhbgbu) Nvvkvtngt Skfb ]zbvkdbgt ngd Obnd `c ktvZntbv ngd ]zkfkgl @cfb1 ngd

:=' it }zn{v tont tob }z`}`vbd zbskvbd Tkhb( c(Rvb Zntbvrgdbz ktv gb| ]@] ]z`lznh nv vo`|g kg tob }z`}`vbdLbgbzntk`g Zntb Vfobdribv nttnfobd t` tob n}}ikfntk`g nv Nggbxbv ’D‘ ngd ’D(>‘) |okfo zntbv nzb f`gdktk`gbd r}`gtob bxkvtbgfb c tob nvvrh}tk`gv c`z tobkz fnifrintk`g) jbn}}z`sbd' Kt kv) ikab|kvb) }zn{bd tont }bgdkgl obnzkgl) n}z`skvk`gni nrto`zkt{ jb kvvrbd t` kt'

Tob F`hhkvvk`g onv vbt tob n}}ikfntk`g c`z kgktkni obnzkgl)bx}`vkt`z{ }zbvbgtntk`g) }zb(tzkni f`gcbzbgfb ngd bskdbgtknz{obnzkgl `g Dbfbhjbz >?) :=>: /Trbvdn{+ nt t|` `‛ fi`fa kg tobnctbzg``g /:5== ]'H'+ nt tob BZF Obnzkgl Z``h) >2to Ci``z)

]nfkcf Fbgtbz Jrkidkgl) Vng Hklrbi Nsbgrb) ]nvkl Fkt{'

Nii }bzv`gv |o` onsb ng kgtbzbvt kg tob vrjebft hnttbz `c tob}z`fbbdkgl hn{ jbf`hb n }nzt{ j{ ikgl) nt ibnvt sb /2+ dn{v}zk`z t` tob kgktkni obnzkgl ngd vrjebft t` tob zb~rkzbhbgtv kg tobBZF‛v Zribv `c ]znftkfb ngd ]z`fbdrzb) n sbzkbd }btktk`g |kto tobF`hhkvvk`g lkskgl tob d`fabt grhjbz ngd tktib `c tob }z`fbbdkglngd vtntkgl5 />+ tob }btktk`gbz‛v gnhb ngd nddzbvv1 /:+ tob gntrzb`c }btktk`gbz‛v kgtbzbvt kg tob vrjebft hnttbz c tob }z`fbbdkgl) ngdtob |n{ ngd hnggbz kg |okfo vrfo kgtbzbvt kv nccbftbd j{ tob kvvrbvkgsìsbd kg tob }z`fbbdkgl1 ngd /6+ n vtntbhbgt c tob zbikbc dbvkzbd'

Nii `tobz }bzv`gv |o` hn{ |ngt tobkz skb|v ag`|g t` tobF`hhkvvk`g |kto zbv}bft t` tob vrjebft hnttbz c tob }z`fbbdkglhn{ ib tobkz }}`vktk`g t` tob n}}ikfntk`g z f`hhbgt tobzb`g ntng{ vtnlb `c tob }z`fbbdkgl jbc`zb tob n}}ikfngt f`gfirdbv tob}zbvbgtntk`g `c ktv bskdbgfb' G` }nztkfrinz c`zh `c `}}`vktk`g `z f`hhbgt kv zb~rkzbd) jrt tob d`frhbgt) ibttbz `z |zktkgl vo`ridf`gtnkg tob gnhb ngd nddzbvv `c vrfo }bzv`g ngd n f`gfkvbvtntbhbgt `c tob `}}`vktk`g `z f`hhbgt ngd tob lz`rgdv zbikbdr}`g'

Nii vrfo }bzv gv |o` hn{ |kvo t` onsb n f }{ c tob n}}ikfntk`ghn{ zb~rbvt tob n}}ikfngt) }zk`z t` tob dntb c tob kgktkni obnzkgl)tont tob{ jb crzgkvobd |kto n f`}{ `c tob n}}ikfntk`g' Tob n}}ikfngtkv obzbj{ dkzbftbd t` crzgkvo nii to`vb hnakgl n zb~rbvt |kto f`}kbv

`c tob n}}ikfntk`g ngd ktv nttnfohbgtv) vrjebft t` zbkhjrzvbhbgt c zbnv`gnjib }o`t`f`}{kgl f`vtv' Ikab|kvb) ng{ vrfo }bzv`g hn{bxnhkgb tob n}}ikfntk`g ngd tobz }bztkgbgt zbf`zdv ibd |kto tobF`hhkvvk`g drzkgl tob rvrni cfb o`rzv'

\KTGBVV) tob O`g`znjib Fonkz}bzv g) UBGNKDN L' FZRU(DRFRT) ngd tob O`g`znjib F`hhkvvk`gbzv) HNZKN TBZBVN N'Z'FNVTNÞBDN) E@VB F' ZB[BV) NICZBD@ E' G@G ngdLI@ZKNSKFT@ZKN F' [N](TNZRF) Bgbzl{ Zblrint`z{ F`hhkvvk`g) tokv:=to dn{ `c G`sbhjbz) :=>: nt ]nvkl Fkt{'

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Tob gb| znfb c`zhnt rvkglo`zvb}`|bz fn} kg bnfo dkskvk`gv)hndb kt bnv{ t` dbtbzhkgb vfzrtk(gbbzkgl zbvritv nv nii fnzv hrvt }nvvtob d{g` tbvt nctbz bnfo znfb rvkglV}bbdinj‛v D{gn}nfa hnfokgb'

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\kto tokv kh}`ztngt tokzdvtznklot |kg tont lnsb tobh n jbt(tbz zbf`zd nt tob t`} `c tob vtngd(kglv nt >=(:) tob Tz`}ngl Tbxtbzvh`zb kh}`ztngti{ lnkgbd nt ibnvtn }in{`cc c`z n t`} t|` gkvo ngdn t|kfb(t`(jbnt ndsngtnlb kg tobr}f`hkgl ~rnztbzgniv'

’Nt tokv }`kgt) tob l`ni kv t`gkvo vtz`gl) lbt h`zb |kgvngd lbt t` tob t`} t|` v}`tv' \b|ngt t` gkvo kg tob t`} t|`'\b nfokbsbd tont kg tokv lnhb)‘

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tksb c`z tob t`} t|` v~rndv nctbz tob bikhkgntk`gv'

C`zhbz ibnlrb H`vt Snirnjib]in{bzv Nin}nl ngd \kiiknhvtbnhbd r} t` }z`drfb n ab{ >>(2 jiktu) gkgb `c |okfo fnhb cz`hd`|gt`|g' Tobkz zrg fnhb kgtob hkddib `c tob }n{`cc }bzk`dt` lksb tob dbcbgdkgl fonh}k`gvn hrfo gbbdbd ;6(?2 ndsngtnlb|kto 6542 zbhnkgkgl'

’K ervt }kfabd h{ v}`tv `rttobzb ngd K |nv njib t` okt h{vo`tv)‘ vnkd Nin}nl) |o` vf`zbdbklot `c okv t`tni }`kgtv kg tob db(fkdkgl gni >: hkgrtbv `c }in{'

Tont zrg }z`sbd t` jb tob dkc(cbzbgfb kg n f`gtbvt |obzb tob

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rv' Nkz:> }in{bd rv sbz{ t`rlo'\b l`t tob vt`}v |b gbbdbd ngd|b okt tob jkl vo`tv nv |bii'‘

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niikbd tzndbv ngd to`vb rgdbz tobf`gvtzrftk`g kgdrvtz{' Tob vo`t(lrg vtnzt kv nt <56= n'h' |kto }in{t` jb obid rgdbz tob Vtnjibc`zd/]NI }`kgtv+ vf`zkgl c`zhnt) nf(f`zdkgl t` tob zlngkukgl NFFK'

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tob hne`z v}`gv`zv'Nkz Ckitbzv ]okik}}kgbv) Kgf')

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Tz`}okbv) hbdniv ngd fnvo }zkubv ni`gl |kto cnjri`rvlkct ktbhv |kii jb lksbg drzkgln|nzdv zktbv nt Vtn' Bibgn‛v On(fkbgdn Z``h'

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Gntongnbi Ni~rkz`v) Lzbl z{ G`zhng [ngl ngd Dbzzkf` Lk`Dknhngtb vf`zbd n l`ni bnfo

nlnkgvt tob Tnhnzn|v‛ i`gb l`nicz`h ]nì` Jrlnv t` fn} ng kh( }z`jnjib f hbjnfa tont vtnztbd nttob fi`vb `c tob bikhkgntk`g `c tobh`gto(i`gl t`rzgnhbgt `zlng(kubd j{ Cki`ki Ci{kgl S V}`ztv'

Tob v`ffbzcbvt kv v}`gv`zbdj{ Hbznif`) Grsnik) Gntrzb‛vV}zkgl) Hìtbg) G:= Lnvtz`}rj)J`{vbg ]nkgtv) JD@) T`}f`hvVtnzV}`ztv A`zbn) Jnfforv) FD@Vng Hnzkg` F`zgbd Trgn ngd]kgl}kgl Ibfo`g'

N|nzdbd nv tob t`rzgnhbgt‛v jbvt kg tob vbgk zv‛ vkdb |bzbNiskg @jbz` `c Nzbiing` Rgksbz(vkt{ nv tob Vbn`ki Jbvt Vtzkabz)Nzgbi Nhktn `c CBR nv tob Rg(k`ki Jbvt Hkdbidbz) [ngl nv tobCi{kgl S Jbvt Dbcbgdbz) ]ntzkfa Db{t`) niv` `c In Vniib) nv tobHbtz`ki Jbvt L`niabb}bz ngdNzbiing` Rgksbzvkt{ nv tob BnvtbzgCnkz ]in{ Tbnh'

Tob Tnhnzn|v) |o` v|b}tLz`r} J) jrt ond t` l` toz`rlo

tob |zkglbz nlnkgvt Bhkik`Nlrkgnid` Fìiblb Lbgbzniv) 4(6)skn n }bgnit{ vo` t`rt) f`ridg‛t }bgbtzntb tob Nzfobzv‛ dbcbgvb kgzblrintk`g c`z n =(= zbvrit'

Tob Nzfobzv vf`zbd ng kh( }z`jnjib ?(= |kg `sbz ]bz}btrnint tob fi`vb `c tob bikhkgntk`gv t`ndsngfb t` tob vbhkv) |obzb tob{gk}}bd tob Rgksbzvkt{ `c Vngt`T`hnv(Hbtz`ki) >(=) t` nzznglbtob fonh}k`gvok} tkcc nlnkgvt tobh`zb cns`zbd Tnhnzn|v'

[@RGL Nijbzt` Ikh Ez' crztobz bgongfbd okv `rzkvokgl tbggkv fn(zbbz j{ |kggkgl tob j`{v‛ fz`|g kgtob ]okghn Kgtbzgntk`gni Ergk`zv

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Lnjzkbiin Rh`~rkt `c tob RV)3(>) 3(=) kg tob lkziv‛ gni `c tobbsbgt vngftk`gbd j{ tob ]okik}( }kgb Tbggkv Nvv`fkntk g'

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Jrt tob >6({bnz(ìd gd cz`hIbtzng) n hnkgvtn{ `c tob TbggkvNfndbh{ `c tob ]okik}}kgbv) l`ttob e`j d`gb ervt tob vnhb) jnckglTnanonvok |kto okv lz`rgd vtzàbvngd jnvbikgb lnhb t` cnvok`g `rt

tob f`gskgfkgl |kg ngd jbf`hbtob {`rglbvt |kggbz `c tob LzndbC`rz KTC Ergk`zv bsbgt v}`gv`zbd j{ Tbfogkjzb /`cfkni jnii+) Sksn

/`cfkni hkgbzni |ntbz+ ngd ]`|(bzndb /`cfkni bgbzl{ dzkga+'

’Tob }nkg) onzd |`za ngd vnf(zkfbv onsb vtnztbd t` }n{ `cc'Jrt K vtkii onsb t` |`za onzdbz)ibnzg h`zb ngd f`gtkgrb t` kh( }z`sb h{vbic t` onsb n fongfb c |kggkgl h`zb t`rzgnhbgtv)‘ vnkdIkh) |o` obi}bd tob V~rkzbv |kgtokv vbnv`g‛v tbggkv tktib |okibfikgfokgl tob HS] o`g`zv kg okvz`àkb {bnz'

J{ ]btbz Ntbgfk`

TOB ]okik}}kgb Nuaniv |kiionsb t` }in{ tobkz gbxt lnhbnlnkgvt Skbtgnh |kto f`nfoOngv Hkfonbi \bkvv |ntfokglcz`h tob vtngdv'

\bkvv tozb| tob jnii kgt` tobbid ngd okt Ngrfon Akt}`glvzk)

|o` |nv d`|g g tob lz`rgd cì(i`|kgl n fìikvk`g |kto ng Nuaniv }in{bz drzkgl tob intb vtnlb `c tobkz lnhb |kto Tonkingd nt tobvtnzt c tob :=>: NCC(Vrurak Fr}Lz`r} N c``tjnii f`h}btktk`gv nttob Znenhnglnin Vtndkrh Vntrz(dn{ kg Jnglaà'

’\b |kii hnab kt)‘ \bkvv int(bz vnkd kg n }`vt(lnhb kgtbzskb||okfo n}}bnzbd `g tob t`rzgn(hbgt‛v `cfkniv \bjvktb nctbz Tonkingd }`vtbd n :(> |kg `sbz tob ]okik}}kgbv Vntrzdn{ gklot'

Ob vnkd Tonkingd dbvbzsbd tob|kg) jrt ob |nv vtkii f`gdbgttont okv vkdb |`rid }z`lzbvv t`tob vbhkv'

Tob Tonkv‛ |kg nii`|bd tobh t`h`sb kgt` tob bnzi{ ibnd nctbz Sk(btgnh }in{bd H{nghnz t` n >(nii

dzn| bnzikbz kg tob dn{ Vntrzdn{'’@sbznii) kt |nv n dbvbzsbd

skft`z{' \b dkd g`t }in{ rz jbvtto`rlo |b gbbdbd tob lnhb' Kc |b lbt kgt` n jkt `c n zo{toh) Knh }zbtt{ vrzb |b fng zbnfo tobgbxt z`rgd)‘ vnkd \bkvv'

@g tob `tobz ongd) Tonk f`nfo\kgczkbd Vfonbccbz }z`sbd t` jb nt`rlo }}`gbgt drzkgl tob hntfo'

’@gi{ `gb hkvtnab t gklot' \bdkd g t vo` t c z l`ni grhjbz tozbb'K vnkd jbc zb tob lnhb tob ]okik}( }kgbv ond vtz gl }in{bzv |kto l` dtgbvv ngd tob{ lnsb rv }z jibhvbv}bfknii{ bnzi{ g)‘ vnkd Vfoncbz'

J{ Z`ggkb Gntongkbivu ZKFA[ ’Tob Okthng‘ Ontt`g onv~rkt c`z n vbf`gd tkhb nctbz jbkglag`fabd rt kg tob gkgto z`rgd c n lzrbikgl jnttib |kto S{nfobvinsVbgfobga` `c Raznkgb nt tobHngfobvtbz Nzbgn kg Jzktnkg'

]nt Vobbong `c Tob Vrg gb|v( }n}bz zb}`ztbd tont Ontt g fzkbdnv okv f`hbjnfa jkd nctbz n fzrvo(kgl vbf`gd(z`rgd ag`fa`rt nt tobongdv `c Cklotbz `c tob DbfndbHngg{ ]nf~rkn` kg :==;) cnkibd'

Tob }nkg |nv dbb}bz vkgfb obi`vt jbc`zb v`hb :=)=== |kidi{fobbzkgl vr}}`ztbzv'

’K nh njvìrtbi{ obnztjzàbg — jrt K nh g`t }rttkgl h{ cnh(ki{ toz`rlo tokv bsbz nlnkg' K‛sb }rt h{ j d{ toz rlo obii t` lbt jnfa' K‛sb i`vt h`zb tong c`rz vt`gb) jrt kt‛v ng`tobz dbcbnt'K‛h lrttbd)‘ Ontt`g intbz vnkd'

Ontt`g ond n orlb jzrkvb rg(dbz okv zklot b{b ngd n frt rgdbz okv ibct' Kt |nv okv zvt lot c`z h`zb tong tozbb {bnzv ngd tobzvt ob ond bsbz i`vt kg Jzktnkg'

’K‛h v` v`zz{' K nh g` ~rkttbz) jrt K nh vkfa `c i`vkgl' Tont‛vg`t tob |n{ h{ fnzbbz vo`ridbgd)‘ Ontt`g vnkd'

Nctbz ]nf~rkn` vb}nzntbd Ont(t`g cz`h okv vbgvbv kg n dbsnvtnt(kgl ag`fa`rt kg :==;) ob ond tv`c db}zbvvk`g) |nv dzkgakgl obns(ki{ ngd |nv vbbg t` jb g dzrlv'

Hnzkng Fn}nd`fkn /ibct+ ngd Nijbzt` Ikh Ez' dkv}in{ tobkz tz`}okbvnctbz f`h}ibtkgl tob ]okik}}kgbv‛ v|bb} c tob lkziv‛ ngd j`{v‛ tktibv kgtob ]okghn Kgtbzgntk`gni Ergk`zv Tbggkv Fonh}k`gvok}v nt tob ZkuniHbh`zkni Tbggkv Fbgtbz {bvtbzdn{'

CBR vtzkabz Ebvrv Hbikuun lbtv zbnd{ t` nttnfa tob l`ni nlnkgvt In Vniib(Ci{kgl S‛v Hnttob| Bz|kg Gkbzznv nvl`niabb}bz ]ntzkfa Db{t` }zb}nzbv t` hbbt tob jnii kg tokv jkt `c nftk`g Vrgdn{ kg tob vbgk`zv‛ gniv `c tob:=>: K]]FN C``tjnii ]zb(Vbnv g Fr} nt tob Ntbgb` Oklo Vfo`ì C``tjnii Ckbid kg ^rbu`g Fkt{' Tob Nzfobzv|`g) 6(>) t` fikgfo tob tktib'

Dkskvk`g : ngd 6 fnzv ikgb r} nt tob lzkd drzkgl tob }bgkgl ibl c t ob :=>: ]okik}}kgb T`rzkgl Fnz Fonh}k(`gvok} Vbzkbv nt tob Jntnglnv Znfkgl Fkzfrkt'

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Li jb Tbibf `h >>62'== >2>)>>2 ><>)466)>=2'== >>2='== :66)24 = :36)2?? );:=' ==LHN Gbt|`za Kgf' ?'2= >)4;>)=== >:)26<)>=='== ?'4= >):4;)6== >=)4?:):<='==K'F'T'V'K' <= ?)>64)>?= 23?)3=6)433'== 3;'; 4)=6?);;= :?=)<;:)662'2=Kgc`zhntk`g Fn}ktni Tbfo' ='4=2 >)=6=)=== 4::);=='== ='4>2 >)63=)=== 2<3)>2='==Kh}bzkni Zbv' mN‛ 3'2= >== 32= 2';= >3)3== ;;)6==K]b`}ib Kgf' mN‛ <'3 >=>)6== 42>):2?'== <'2 4);== 6?)2<2'==K] F`gsbzlb :'22 6?4)=== ;32);3='== :'2? >)=63)=== :)32<);=='==K] B(Lnhb Sbgtrzbv Kgf' ='=:< ?3>);==)=== :6):<4):=='== ='=:3 >)4<>)<==)=== 4>)4::)?=='==K]SL F`z}' ='?2 4:)<22)=== 6<):><)4;='== ='?; :;)6<4)=== :3):;4)64='==Kvingd Kgc` ='=44= >)2==)=== 33)===' == ='=44= >)===)=== 44)==='==KVH F`hhrgkfntk`gv :'2:== 433)=== >)>:2)3=='== :'22== 3<:)=== >)<=<)?;='==Ibkvrzb # Zbv`ztv ?'3= 2):2>)?== 42)62>):2='== ?'3; >>)=?<)?== ;;)4<<)3<6'==Ikjbzt { Tbibf`h :'4? ;:)=== :>3)=2='== :'4? 2=>)=== >)>34)3<='==I`zbgu` Vok}}kgl >'6 :)=== :)3=='== >'6 >3)=== ::)?2='==Hnfz`nvkn F`z}' :'<> 4<)=== >:<)6;='== :'<2 >:)=== 6:)6;='==Hngkin Jriibtkg ='<= ?:)=== 23):2='== ='3; 34)=== 44)>3='==Hngkin E`fab{ :'<: <)34=)=== :>)><;)=;='== :'?6 4);?:)=== >4)>?<)==='==Hbtz` ]nfkf Tìi|n{v 3'=3 >>):== 3;);;:'== 3':3 :?)6== ><2)>36'==]nfkf @gikgb V{v' F`z}' >6';3 434)<== 3)4;=)6=4'== >6';3 <>;)?== >=)=32)3::'==]NI Oìdkglv Kgf' 2'>> :>2)4== >)>=;)>;? 2':2 4<=)=== :)423);=:]nx{v Kgf' :';? 4)3;6)=== >6)<64)33='== :'?< 4)2::)== = >6)4:2)22='==]oki' Znfkgl Firj ;'2 >)=:=)=== ;)3;=)==='== ;'2 >);;6)<== >?);32)=:4'==]oki' Vbsbg F`z}' ?:'== >2)36= >)6>3)==4'2= ?<'== 66):2= :);=2)>64'==]oki|bj'F`h Kgf' >4'== 62)=2<)2== 4;6)4?=)3??'== >6'== >)436)<== :=)>>;)<>:'==]IDT F`hh`g :2=='== 4:=)>== >)=2=):>3)6=='== :2=3'== 23:)=62 >)4:?)?==)2;='==]zbhkbzbO`zku`g ='6>2 4):>=)=== >)6>>)22='== ='6>2 36)<2=)=== :=)4>=);2='==]rzblìd :;'6= >6)3>=)4== 6;4);?=)<>2'== :;'4= >:)?42)6== 6?=)33=)=>='==VTK Oìdkglv >'=> >23)32=)=== >23)2<;)?=='== >'=> 62<)<?3)=== 63;)<;;)3:='==T`rfo Vìrtk`gv 4'=3 <6)=== :;:);?='== 4'=3 >>)=== 44):>='==Tzngv}nfkf Jz`ndfnvt :'6 >=)=== :>)>=='== :'62 ><=)=== 633);>='==\ntbzcz`gt ]okiv' ='46= >)?<=)=== <?<);2='== ='44= >)2==)=== 34<):2='==[bob{ >'>3= 3;>)=== ?==);;='== >'>;= >):4=)=== >)3>:)2<='==

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VT@FAV S@IRHB

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VT@FAV SNIRB

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Obnito n|nzbgbvv\obg h{ |kcb i`vt obz s`kfb kg tob ;=v) t`lbtobz

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Jrt `g Hn{ >=) tokv {bnz) vob vrccbzbd n hkidvtzàb' Nctbz >< dn{v `c f`ggbhbgt nt Vng Erngdb Dk`v O`v}ktni) vob |nv nii`|bd t` f`hb o`hb'Tobg) Bvtbz @fnh}`) nrgtkb c `rz fnzblksbz HnzbtIrfbg`) kgtz`drfbd obz t` tob Hbtz`\nak oklo}`tbgtkni tobzn}{) |okfo hnabv rvb `c n zblrintbdvtzbnh hkfz` skjzntk`g `c gblntksb k`gv'

H{ vtrd{ `g tob bxkvtbgfb `c ~rnzav ngd nt`hvhndb kt bnvkbz c`z hb t` n}}zbfkntb tob kh}`ztngfb

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Hbzkdkng `c |biigbvv]bnzi‛v {bnzv `c zbvbnzfo `g Fokgbvb hbdkfkgb

ngd nfr}zbvvrzb obi}bd obz rgdbzvtngd tob zìb `c hkfz` bibftzkf skjzntk`g'

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’Nff`zdkgl t` tob j`à ‟Kgvtngt Bh`tk`gni

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lb`hnlgbtkf ngd bibftz`hnlgbtkf bidv kv c`rgdh`vti{ kg tob }kgbni lingd kg tob fbgtbz `c tobjznkg‣

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NJ Fn}ktni vnkd'Tob 6=(f`h}ng{ jbgfohnza kgdbx lnkgbd >>6 }`kgtv sbz invt|bba‛v sb(dn{ hnzabt tzndkglt` vbttib nt n gb| zbf`zd ibsbi `c 2)22:'64 `g G`s' :6'

Kt onv jzàbg zbf`zd(oklo

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Tob gngfkniv kgdbx z`vb 2'>}bzfbgt invt |bba |okib oìdkgl

zhv niv` ndsngfbd 6'? }bzfbgtc`z tob |bba'’R}jbnt bx}bftntk`gv `g

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NJ Fn}ktni vnkd lksbg tobhnzabt‛v vtz`gl }bzc`zhngfb)kt |nv }`vvkjib c`z tob ]VBkt` okt tob 2)3==(}`kgt ibsbikg Dbfbhjbz) vr}}`ztbd j{v}rzzkgl gb|v ngd oìkdn{(dzksbg f`gvrhbz v}bgdkgl'

’\b zbf`hhbgd rz f`gvrhbz}in{ }kfav tont nzb kg lzbnt tkhkglc`z tob vbnv`g) |okfo kgfirdbEL Vrhhkt Oìdkglv Kgf' ngd]rzblìd ]zkfb Firj Kgf')‘ NJFn}ktni vnkd'

Czb{n Hn{ Gntkskdnd) ng

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G@SBHJBZ :3) :=>:H@GDN[ J6

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KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKD

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]nfanlb :?F`gtznft KD 5 >:]N==<6F`gtznft Gnhb 5 F`gvtzrftk`g c Ci``d F`gtzì VtzrftrzbF`gtznft I`fntk`g 5 Hningnv Zksbz) Vng Erng) NjznVf`}b `c \`za 5 Ktbh ><=6)2>>F`gtznft Gnhb 5 F`gvtzrftk`g `c Hritk(]rz}`vb Jrkidkgl /Dn{ Fnzb

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]z`frzbhbgt |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo `}bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbvkg nff`zdngfb |kto Z'N' ;>?4 ngd ktv Zbskvbd Kh}ibhbgtkgl Zribv ngdZblrintk`gv'

T` jkd c`z tob f`gtznft) n f`gtznft`z hrvt vrjhkt n Ibttbz `c Kgtbgt /I@K+)}rzfonvb jkd d`frhbgtv ngd hrvt hbbt tob cìi`|kgl hne`z fzktbzkn5 /n+ }zk`zzblkvtzntk`g |kto D]\O) /j+ Ckik}kg` fktkubg z <2" Ckik}kg`(`|gbd }nztgbzvok})f`z}`zntk`g) f``}bzntksb) `z e`kgt sbgtrzb) /f+ |kto ]FNJ ikfbgvb n}}ikfnjibt` tob t{}b ngd f`vt `c tokv f`gtznft) /f+ f`h}ibtk`g `c n vkhkinz f`gtznft

f`vtkgl nt ibnvt 2=" `c NJF |ktokg n }bzk`d `c >= {bnzv) ngd /b+ Gbt CkgngfkniF`gtznftkgl Fn}nfkt{ nt ibnvt b~rni t` NJF) `z fzbdkt ikgb f`hhkthbgt nt ibnvtb~rni t` >=" `c NJF' Tob JNF |kii rvb g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzkn kgtob biklkjkikt{ fobfa ngd }zbikhkgnz{ bxnhkgntk`g `c jkdv'

Rgzblkvtbzbd f`gtznft`zv) o`|bsbz) vonii vrjhkt tobkz n}}ikfntk`gv c`zzblkvtzntk`g t` tob D]\O(]@F\ Fbgtzni @cfb jbc`zb tob dbndikgb c`z tobzbfbk}t c I@K' Tob D]\O ]@F\(Fbgtzni @cfb |kii gi{ }z`fbvv f`gtznft`zv‛n}}ikfntk`gv c`z zblkvtzntk`g |kto f`h}ibtb zb~rkzbhbgtv ngd kvvrb tobF`gtznft`z‛v Fbztkfntb `c Zblkvtzntk`g /FZF+' Zblkvtzntk`g C`zhv hn{ jbd`|gi`ndbd nt tob D]\O |bjvktb |||'d}|o'l`s'}o'

Tob vklgkfngt tkhbv ngd dbndikgbv `c }z`frzbhbgt nftksktkbv nzb vo`|gjbi`|5

>' Kvvrngfb `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv Cz`h G`sbhjbz :6) :=>: t` Dbfbhjbz >6) :=>:: ' ] zb (J kd F` gc bz bgf b D bfb hj bz 2) := >: nt >=5 == N'H '6' Dbndikgb `c Zbfbk}t `c I@K

cz`h ]z`v}bftksb JkddbzvDbfbhjbz >6) :=>:

4' Zbfbk}t c Jkdv Rgtki >=5== N'H' c D bfbhjbz >6) :=>:2' @}bgkgl c Jkdv Dbfbhjbz >6) :=>: nt : 5== ]'H'

Tob JNF |kii kvvrb onzd f`}kbv `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv /JDv+ nt D]\O) NjznBglkgbbzkgl Dkvtzkft) Jnglrbd) Njzn r}`g }n{hbgt `c n g`g(zbcrgdnjib cbb`c ]>=)==='== c`z Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv' ]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv hn{ d`|gi`ndtob JDv cz`h tob D]\O |bjvktb) kc nsnkinjib' ]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv tont |kiid`|gi`nd tob JDv cz`h tob D]\O |bjvktb vonii }n{ tob vnkd cbbv `g `zjbc`zb tob vrjhkvvk`g `c tobkz jkdv D`frhbgtv' Jkdv hrvt nff`h}ngkbd j{ n

jkd vbfrzkt{) kg tob nh`rgt ngd nffb}tnjib c`zh) nv vtntbd kg Vbftk`g :<': `ctob Zbskvbd KZZ'

]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv vonii vrjhkt tobkz dri{ nff`h}ikvobd c`zhv nv v}bfkbdkg tob JD‛v kg t|` /:+ vb}nzntb vbnibd jkd bgsbi`}bv t` tob JNF Fonkzhng'Tob zvt bgsbi`}b vonii f`gtnkg tob tbfogkfni f`h}`gbgt c tob jkd) |okfo voniikgfirdb n f`}{ `c tob FZF' Tob vbf`gd bgsbi`}b vonii f`gtnkg tob gngfknif`h}`gbgt `c tob jkd' F`gtznft |kii jb n|nzdbd t` tob I`|bvt FnifrintbdZbv}`gvksb Jkd nv dbtbzhkgbd kg tob jkd bsnirntk`g ngd } vt(~rnikfntk`g

Tob D]\O(Njzn Bglkgbbzkgl Dkvtzkft) Jnglrbd) Njzn zbvbzsbv tob zklot t`nffb}t z zbebft ng{ z nii jkd ngd t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv ng{tkhb jbc`zbF`gtznft N|nzd) |kto`rt kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` nccbftbd Jkddbzv'

N]]Z@SBD

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/HVT(G`s' :3) :=>:+

KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKDTob D]\O ‖ V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) toz`rlo ZN ‖ Crgd>=> kgtbgdv t` n}}i{ tob vrh c ] 42)2?;)?>6'33 jbkgl tob N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`ztob F`gtznft /NJF+ t` }n{hbgtv rgdbz tob f`gtznft c`z >:BK=>>< ‖ Kh}z`sbhbgt F`gfzbtkgl `c Fnin}ng V`rto Z`nd) L' Ngt`gkg` ‖ Jngrv Vbftk`g) A==?2!=>?

‖ A==?<!3=: /| bxfb}tk`g+) Li`zkn) @zkbgtni Hkgd`z`' Jkdv zbfbksbd kg bxfbvv`c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd nt jkd `}bgkgl'

Tob D]\O ‖ V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb g`| kgsktbv jkdvc`z tob F`gfzbtkgl `c :'4:?<2 ah' z`nd1 ]nsbhbgt |kdto 8 3'<=h' ]nsbhbgttokfagbvv 8 =':?h1 vo`ridbz |kdto 8 :'=h1 N}}z`nfo vinj 8 ?'=h' F`h}ibtk`g`c tob |`zav kv zb~rkzbd kg ::2 fnibgdnz dn{v'

]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv hrvt onsb ng bx}bzkbgfb c onskgl f`h}ibtbd nt ibnvt gb/>+ f`gtznft tont kv vkhkinz t` tob f`gtznft t` jb jkd) ngd |o`vb snirb) ndervtbdt` frzzbgt }zkfbv rvkgl tob GV@ f`gvrhbz }zkfb kgdkfbv) hrvt jb nt ibnvt ct{}bzfbgt /2="+ `c tob NJF t` jb jkd nv vtntbd kg tob Zbskvbd Vbftk`g :6'2':'2rgdbz L]]J Zbvìrtk`g G`' >> ‖ :=>: c tob KZZ c Z'N' ;>?4' Tob dbvfzk}tk`g`c ng biklkjib jkddbz kv f`gtnkgbd kg tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kg Vbftk`gKK) Kgvtzrftk`g t` Jkddbzv'

Jkddkgl |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo `}bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbv rvkglg`g ‖ dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzk`g nv v}bfkbd kg tob Zbskvbd Kh}ibhbgtkglZribv ngd Zblrintk`gv `c Z'N' ;>?4) `tobz|kvb ag`|g nv tob ’L`sbzghbgt]z`frzbhbgt Zbc`zh Nft'‘

Jkddkgl kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg` fktkubgvvìb }z`}zkbt`zvok}v) }nztgbzvok}v) `z`zlngkuntk`gv |kto nt ibnvt vbsbgt{ sb /<2"+ kgtbzbvt `z `rtvtngdkgl fn}ktni

vt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv `c tob ]okik}}kgbv'

Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv hn{ jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g cz`h D]\O ‖ V`rtobzg Hkgd`z`Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb ngd kgv}bft tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvvlksbg jbi`| cz`h ?5== N'H' t` 25== ]'H'

N f`h}ibtb vbt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd j{ kgtbzbvtbd Jkddbzvcz`h tob nddzbvv jbi`| `z ng{ D]\O bid `cfbv ngd r}`g }n{hbgt `c n g`g

‖ zbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv kg tob nh`rgt `c ] :2)==='=='

Kt hn{ niv` jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb `c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb `c tob ]okik}}kgbvL`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf ]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb c tob]z`frzkgl Bgtkt{) }z`skdbd tont jkddbzv vonii }n{ tob cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtvg`t intbz tong tob vrjhkvvk`g `c tobkz jkdv'

Tob D]\O ‖ V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb |kii oìd n ]zb ‖ JkdF`gcbzbgfb `g G`sbhjbz :;) :=>: M >=5== N'H' nt tob F`gcbzbgfb Z``h)D]\O ‖ V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb |okfo vonii jb `}bg t`nii kgtbzbvtbd }nztkbv'

Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t` tob nddzbvv jbi`| `g `z jbc`zb Dbfbhjbz >>) :=>:rgtki >=5== N'H' nt tob D]\O ‖ V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb'Nii jkdv hrvt jb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ `c tob nffb}tnjib c`zhvngd kg tob nh`rgt vtntbd kg tob Jkd Dntn Vobbt /JDV+'

Jkdv |kii jb `}bgbd kg tob }zbvbgfb `c tob jkddbzv‛ zb}zbvbgtntksb |o` fo``vbt` nttbgd nt tob nddzbvv jbi`|' Intb jkdv vonii g`t jb nffb}tbd'

Tob D]\O) V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb zbvbzsbv tob zklot t`nffb}t `z zbebft ng{ jkd t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv ntng{ tkhb }zk`z t` f`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tobnccbftbd jkddbz `z jkddbzv'


NGGKBI[G B' ]NDRII@D]\O) V`rtobzg Hkgd`z` Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbDngln{) Z`xnv) @zkbgtni Hkgd`z`Tbibcnx G`' /=46+ :?; ( :232

N}}z`sbd 5

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KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKD

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>' Tob ]]N(]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`g) toz`rlo ktv F`z}`zntb @}bzntkgl Jrdlbt kgtbgdv t n}}i{ tobvrh c C`zt{ @gb Hkiik`g T|` Orgdzbd Ckct{ T|` To`rvngd Vbsbg Orgdzbd Vkxt{ Tozbb ngd 63>== ]bv`v /]4>):2:)<36'63+ jbkgl tob N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ t` }n{hbgtvrgdbz tob F`gtznft c`z Hng}`|bz Vbzskfbv c`z ]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`g ngd ]H@v Rgdbz KtvErzkvdkftk`g c`z F[ :=>6' Jkdv zbfbksbd oklobz tong tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd ntjkd `}bgkgl'

:' Tob ]]N(]D@ HngkinG`ztob zg Iru`g g`| kgsktbv jkdv cz`h }z`v}bftksb jkddbzv c`z tob]z`frzbhbgt `c Hng}`|bz Vbzskfbv c`z ]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`g ngd ]H@v Rgdbz KtvErzkvdkftk`g c`z F[ :=>6' Dbiksbz{ c tob vbzskfbv kv zb~rkzbd cz`h Engrnz{ >) :=>6 t` Dbfbhjbz 6>) :=>6 nt tob cìi`|kgl `cfbv5

@CCKFBV G@' @C ]@VKTK@GV

]`zt Dkvtzkft @cfb /]z`}bz+ 4=]H@ V`rto Onzj`z 6=]H@ G`zto Onzj`z 24]H@ Ikhn{ >;]H@ Vng Cbzgngd` IRVrni ><

(((((((((((((((( T@TNI >3=

6' ]z`v}bftksb Jkddbzv vo`rid onsb f`h}ibtbd) |ktokg tob invt sb /2+ {bnzv cz`h tob dntb `c vrjhkvvk`g ngd zbfbk}t c jkdv) n vkglib f`gtznft tont kv vkhkinz t` tob ]zèbft) tob snirb c |okfohrvt jb nt ibnvt ct{ }bzfbgt /2="+ c tob N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ t` jb jkd' Tobdbvfzk}tk`g `c ng biklkjib jkddbz kv f`gtnkgbd kg tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kg Vbftk`gKKK) Kgvtzrftk`gv t` jkddbzv'

4' Jkddkgl |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz rlo }bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbv rvkgl n g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{’}nvvcnki‘ fzktbzk`g nv v}bfkbd kg tob Kh}ibhbgtkgl Zribv ngd Zblrintk`gv /KZZ+ `c Zb}rjikfNft /ZN+ ;>?4) ag`|g nv tob ’ L`sbzghbgt ]z`frzbhbgt Zbc`zh Nft‘) ngd kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg`fktkubgvvìb }z`}zkbt`zvok}v) }nztgbzvok}v) `z `zlngkuntk`gv |kto nt ibnvt vkxt{ }bzfbgt /3="+kgtbzbvt `z `rtvtngdkgl fn}ktni vt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv `c tob ]okik}}kgbv) ngd t` fktkubgv `z`zlngkuntk`gv `c n f`rgtz{ tob in|v `z zblrintk`gv `c |okfo lzngt vkhkinz zklotv `z }zkskiblbv t`Ckik}kg` fktkubgv) }rzvrngt t` ZN 2>?6 ngd vrjebft t` F`hh`g|bnito Nft >6?'

2' Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv hn{ `jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g ngd kgv}bft tob Jkddkgl D frhbgtv cz`h?5== N' H' t` 45== ]'H' nv |bii nv) }rzfonvb vnkd Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvv lksbg jbi`|`g G`sbhjbz :3) :=>: rgtki Dbfbhjbz >;) :=>: r}`g }zbvbgtntk`g `c n Ibttbz `c Kgtbgt /I@K+ngd }n{hbgt c n g`g(zbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv kg tob nh`rgt c T|bgt{ Bklot To`rvngd ]bv`v /]:?)==='==+) SNT kgfirvksb '

Vbfzbtnzknt) Jkdv ngd N|nzdv F`hhkttbb ]z`frzbhbgt c L``dv ngd Zbintbd Vbzskfbv

: gd Ci``z) ]D@ HngkinGI Jrkidkgl) :: Hrbiib db Vng Czngfkvf`'V`rto Onzj`z) ]`zt Nzbn) Hngkin

Kt hn{ niv jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb c tob ]okik}}kgb L`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb c tob ]okik}}kgb ]`ztv Nrto`zkt{) }z`skdbd tontJkddbzv vonii }n{ tob g`g(zbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv g`t intbz tong tob vrjhkvvk`g`c tobkz jkdv'

]n{hbgt c`z tob jkd d`frhbgtv vonii jb kg Fnvo `z Hngnlbz‛v Fobfa'

3' Tob ]]N(]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`g |kii oìd n ]zb(jkd F`gcbzbgfb `g Dbfbhjbz <) :=>: nt:5== ]'H' nt ]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`g F`gcbzbgfb Z``h) 6zd Ci``z) ]D@ Hngkin Jrkidkgl) ::Hrbiib db Vng Czngfkvf`) V`rto Onzj`z) ]`zt Nzbn) Hngkin) |okfo vonii jb }bg t` nii kgtbzbvtbd}nztkbv'

O`|bsbz) `gi{ to`vb |o` onsb }rzfonvbd tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv vonii jb nii`|bd t` znkvb `zvrjhkt |zkttbg ~rbzkbvfinzkfntk`gv nctbz tob }zb(jkd f`gcbzbgfb'

<' Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t` ngd zbfbksbd j{ tob Vbfzbtnzknt c tob Jkdv ngd N|nzdv F`hhkttbb nttob ]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`g F`gcbzbgfb Z``h) 6zd Ci``z) ]D@ Hngkin Jrkidkgl) :: Hrbiibdb Vng Czngfkvf`) V`rto Onzj`z) ]`zt Nzbn) Hngkin g`t intbz tong ;5== N'H' `g Dbfbhjbz >;):=>:' Nii jkdv hrvt jb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n Jkd Vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ c tob cìi`|kgl nffb}tnjib c`zhvngd nh`rgtv kg ]okik}}kgb Frzzbgf{5

C` zh c Jkd Vbfrz kt{ Nh` rgt c Jk d Vbfr zkt{ /B~ rni t]bzfbgtnlb c tob NJF+

n+ Fnvo) fnvokbz‛vhngnlbz‛v fobfa) jnga dznctlrnz (ngtbb f`gzhbd j{ n Rgksbzvni z F`hhbzfkni Jnga'

T|` }bzfbgt /:"+j+ Kzzbs`fnjib ibttbz c fzbdkt kvvrbd j{ n Rgksbzvni `zF`hhbzfkni Jnga1

F+ Vrzbt{ J`gd fniinjib r}`g dbhngd kvvrbd j{ nvrzbt{ `z kgvrzngfb f`h}ng{ dri{ fbztkbd j{ tobKgvrzngfb F`hhkvvk`g nv nrto`zkubd t` kvvrb vrfovbfrzkt{'

Cksb }bzfbgt /2"+

d+ Ng{ f hjkgntk g c t ob c zbl k gl ] z } zt k gn tb t ` v onzb c c zh | kt ozbv}bft t` t`tni nh`rgt c vbfrzkt{

?' Jkd `}bgkgl vonii jb `g Dbfbhjbz >;) :=>: nt ;5== N'H' nt ]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru`gF`gcbzbgfb Z``h) 6zd Ci``z) ]D@ Hngkin Jrkidkgl) :: Hrbiib db Vng Czngfkvf`) V`rto Onzj`z)]`zt Nzbn) Hngkin' Jkdv |kii jb `}bgbd kg tob }zbvbgfb `c tob Jkddbz‛v `cfkni zb}zbvbgtntksbv|o` fo``vb t` nttbgd nt tob nj`sb nddzbvv' Intb jkdv vonii g`t jb nffb}tbd'

;' Tob ]]N(]D@ HngkinG`ztobzg Iru g zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t `z zbebft ng{ jkd) t` nggri tobjkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv nt ng{ tkhb }zk`z t` f`gtznft n|nzd |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkglng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbd jkddbz z jkddbzv'

>=' C`z crztobz kgc`zhntk`g) }ibnvb zbcbz t`5

Hz' Lniinzd` L' Lrbzzbz`Vbfzbtnzknt) Jkdv ngd N|nzdv F`hhkttbb:gd Ci``z) ]D@ Hngkin Jidl' :: Hrbiib db Vng Czngfkvf`V`rto Onzj`z) ]`zt Nzbn) HngkinTbi' G`' /=:+ 2:2(2:34 i`fni 4>3Cnfvkhkib G`' 6=>(;=46

/Vld'+ SBZTRDBV H' NZKNVFonkz}bzv`gJkdv ngd N|nzdv F`hhkttbb


Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{vZblk`g KS(NJntnglnv >vt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb@CCKFB @C TOB DKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZ

Jntnglnv Fkt{Tbi' G`' /=46+ 4=:(2;== ngd Cnx G`' =46(<:6(<;64

KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKDTob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Jntnglnv K Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jntnglnv Fkt{toz`rlo tob ]zk`zkt{ Dbsbi`}hbgt Nvvkvtngfb Crgd kgtbgdv t` n}}i{ tob vrh `c snzk`rv nh`rgt `c N}(}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ jbkgl tob }n{hbgt rgdbz tob f`gtznft ikvtbd jbi`|' Jkdv zbfbksbdkg bxfbvv c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd nt jkd }bgkgl'

Tob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Jntnglnv K Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jntnglnv Fkt{g`| kgsktbv jkdv c`z5

F`gtznft KD G`'5 >:DJ=>?>F`gtznft Gnhb5 \kdbgkgl `c Tnln{tn{(Gnvrljr Z`ndF`gtznft I`fntk`g5 A==;>!6=6(A=;:!<2= | bxfb}tk`gVf`}b c \`za5 F`gfzbtkgl # Ikgb FngniN}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`ztob F`gtznft /NJF+5 ]o} :4)2==)==='==F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 6== f'd'Nh`rgt `c Jkd D`frhbgt5 ]o} :2)==='==

F`gtznft KD G`'5 >:DJ=>?:F`gtznft Gnhb5 Z`nd @}bgkglF`gvtzrftk g c Hkvvkgl Ikgav c Gntk gni Z`nd nt Nlrkgnid (Hnlniingbv(

Gnvrljr Z`nd /Bnvt(\bvt Z`nd+) Hnlniingbv J`rgdnz{(Gnvrljr Vbftk gF`gtznft I`fntk`g5 Gnvrljr) JntnglnvVf`}b `c \`za5 Z`nd @}bgkgl # Lnjk g Vi }b ]z`tbftk g # Lz`rtbd Zk}zn} Fngni

N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`ztob F`gtznft /NJF+5 ]o} 4;)===)==='==F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 >?= f'd'Nh`rgt `c Jkd D`frhbgt5 ]o} :2)==='==

F`gtznft KD G`'5 >:DJ=>?6F`gtznft Gnhb5 \kdbgkgl c Ibhbz{(Tnni Dksbzvk`g Z`nd kgfirdkgl FngniF`gtznft I`fntk`g5 A>:?!/(>===+(A>:?!/(:<2+Vf`}b c \`za5 \kdbgkgl c Z`nd # Lz`rtbd Zk}zn}N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`ztob F`gtznft /NJF+5 ]o} 4=)2=4)6?='==F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 6== f'd'Nh`rgt `c Jkd D`frhbgt5 ]o} :2)==='==

Jkddbzv vo`rid onsb f`h}ibtbd) |ktokg />=+ {bnzv cz`h tob dntb c vrjhkvvk`g ngd zbfbk}t c jkdv) n f`gtznft vkhkinzt` tob ]zèbft' Tob dbvfzk}tk`g c ng biklkjib jkddbz kv f`gtnkgbd kg tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kg Vbftk`gKK' Kgvtzrftk`g t` Jkddbzv'

Jkddkgl |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo }bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbv rvkgl g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzk`gnv v}bfkbd kg tob Kh}ibhbgtkgl Zribv ngd Zblrintk`gv /KZZ+ `c Zb}rjikf Nft ;>?4 /Z'N' ;>?4+) `tobz|kvb ag`|gnv tob ’L`sbzghbgt ]z`frzbhbgt Zbc`zh Nft‘'

Jkddkgl kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg` fktkubgvvìb }z`}zkbt`zvok}v) }nztgbzvok}v) `z `zlngkuntk`gv |kto nt ibnvt vbsbgt{ sb}bzfbgt /<2"+ kgtbzbvt z `rtvtngdkgl fn}ktni vt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv c tob ]okik}}kgbv'

Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv hn{ `jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g cz`h Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{ v) Jntnglnv KDkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jntnglnv Fkt{) ngd kgv}bft tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvv lksbg jbi`| cz`h?5== N'H' ‖ 25== ]'H') H`gdn{ t` Czkdn{'

Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv nzb niv` zb~rkzbd t` }zbvbgt t` tob JNF Vbfzbtnzknt) D]\O) Jntnglnv > Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl@cfb) Arhkgtngl Kin{n) Jntnglnv Fkt{ `zklkgni f`}kbv `c tob cìi`|kgl d`frhbgtv c`z nrtobgtkfntk`g ngd kvvrngfb`c Jkd D`frhbgtv5 n+ ]FNJ Ikfbgvb1 j+ F`gtznft`z‛v Zblkvtzntk`g Fbztkfntb /FZF+1 f+ Fbztkfntb `c Hntbzkniv Bg(lkgbbz Nffzbdktntk`g1 d+ Intbvt `c Nrto`zkukgl @cfbz t`lbtobz |kto hnfokgb f`}{ `c t|` /:+ Snikd KD‛v1 b+ Fbztkfntb`c Vncbt{ @cfbz Vbhkgnz `c Db}nzthbgt `c Inj`z ngd Bh}i`{hbgt /D@IB+1 c+ ]okik}}kgb L`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okilb}v @zdbz C`zh+ D`frhbgt Zb~rbvt Ikvt5 l+ F[ :=>> F]BV Zntkgl ngd o+ Kgf`hb TnxZbtrzg /KTZ+ |kto }n{hbgt vik}'

N f`h}ibtb vbt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd j{ kgtbzbvtbd Jkddbzv `g G`sbhjbz ::) :=>: r} t` ;5==N'H' `c Dbfbhjbz >:) :=>: r}`g }n{hbgt `c n g`g(zbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv'

Kt hn{ niv` jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb c tob ]okik}}kgb L`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf ]z`frzbhbgtV{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb c tob Db}nzthbgt c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) kc nsnkinjib) }z`skdbd tontjkddbzv vonii }n{ tob cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv g`t intbz tong tob vrjhkvvk`g c tobkz jkdv'

Tob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Jntnglnv K Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jntnglnv Fkt{ |kii oìd n]zb(Jkd F`gcbzbgfb `g G`sbhjbz :;) :=>: nt tob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Jntnglnv K BglkgbbzkglDkvtzkft) Jntnglnv Fkt{ ) |okfo vonii jb `}bg gi{ t` nii kgtbzbvtbd }nztkbv'

Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t` tob nddzbvv jbi | g z jbc`zb >=5== N'H' g Dbfbhjbz >:) :=>: nt Jntnglnv K Dkvtzkft Bglk(gbbzkgl @cfb) Arhkgtngl Kin{n) Jntnglnv Fkt{' Nii jkdv hrvt jb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ c tob nffb}tnjibc`zhv ngd kg tob nh`rgt vtntbd kg KTJ Finrvb >?'

Jkd `}bgkgl vonii jb `g Dbfbhjbz >:) :=>:) :5== ‛fi fa) }'h' nt Jntnglnv K Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl) Arhkgtngl Kin{n)Jntnglnv Fkt{' Jkdv |kii jb `}bgbd kg tob }zbvbgfb c tob Jkddbz‛v zb}zbvbgtntksbv |o` fo``vb t` nttbgd nt tob nddzbvvjbi |' Intb jkdv vonii g`t jb nffb}tbd'

Tob D]\O zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t z zbebft ng{ jkd) t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv nt ng{tkhb }zk`z t` f`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbd jkddbz z jkddbzv'

Tob D]\O Jntnglnv > Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Arhkgtngl Kin{n) Jntnglnv Fkt{ ikab|kvb nvvrhb g` `jiklntk`g|ontv`bsbz t` f`h}bgvntb z kgdbhgkc{ ng{ jkddbz z |kggkgl jkddbzv) nv tob fnvb hn{ jb) c`z ng{ bx}bgvbv zi`vv tont vnkd }nzt{/kbv+ hn{ kgfrz kg ktv }nztkfk}ntk`g kg tob }zb(jkddkgl ngd jkddkgl }z`fbvv g`z d`bv kt lrnzngtbbtont ng n|nzd |kii jb hndb'

C`z crztobz kgc`zhntk`g) }ibnvb zbcbz t`5L@D@CZBD@ F' DB SKIINJNF FonkzhngJntnglnv >vt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbDb}nzthbgt c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{vArhkgtngl Kin{n) Jntnglnv Fkt{) 4:==Tbi' =46(<:6(<;64Nttg'5 JNF Vbfzbtnzknt

/Vld'+L@D@CZBD@ F') DB SKIIN@KF) Fokbc F`gvtzrftk`g Vbftk`g

JNF Fonkzhng

G`tbd5J[5 /Vld'+ ERIKNGN D' SBZLNZNNVVT' DKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZ

Z@VNRZ@ N' NDN]@GDkvtzkft Bglkgbbz

/HVT(G@S' :3) :=>:+

ZB]RJIKF @C TOB ]OKIK]]KGBVDB]NZTHBGT @C ]RJIKF \@ZAV NGD OKLO\N[VKI@F@V VRZ >VTDKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZKGL @CCKFB

JNGTN[) KI@F@V VRZ

KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKD C@ZZBONJKIKTNTK@G @C CI@@D F@GTZ@I NI@GL

HBVTKU@ ZKSBZ NT ]NL]NGDN[NG) SKLNG FKT[)KI@F@V VRZ

>' Tob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Ki`f`v Vrz Ckzvt DkvtzkftBglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jngtn{) Ki`f`v Vrz) toz`rlo C[ :=>: LNN) ZN >=>22 |kto VNZ@(JHJ(N(>:(==>3??<) kgtbgdv t` n}}i{ tob vrh `c T\BGT[ VBSBGHKIIK@G CKSB ORGDZBD VK_T[ C@RZ TO@RVNGD C@RZ ORGDZBDTOKZT[ TOZBB ]BV@V # ;:>== /]o}:<)234)466';:+ jbkgl tob N}}z`sbdJrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ t` }n{hbgtv rgdbz tob f`gtznft c`z F`gtznftG`' >:NF==?= ‖ ZBONJKIKTNTK@G @C CI@@D F@GTZ@I NI@GLHBVTKU@ ZKSBZ NT ]NL]NGDN[NG) SKLNG FKT[) KI@F@V VRZ ' Jkdvzbfbksbd kg bxfbvv c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd nt jkd }bgkgl'

:' Tob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Ki`f`v Vrz Ckzvt DkvtzkftBglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jngtn{) Ki`f`v Vrz g`| kgsktbv jkdv c`z tob fibnzkgl #lzrjjkgl `c <?2'4= v~' h' nzbn1 2:>'== fr' h' vtzrftrzb bxfnsntk`g1 onrikgl`c :)66<'== fr' h' bhjngahbgt1 crzgkvokgl `c :)46='== fr' h' `c f`h}nftbdbhjngahbgt1 crzgkvokgl `c 4)2=? i' h' `c zbkgc`zfbd f`gfzbtb vobbt }kibv1dzkskgl `c 6);44'2= i h' `c zbkgc`zfbd f`gfzbtb vobbt }kibv1 4:)=<4 alv' `czbkgc`zfkgl vtbbi1 4:3'3> fr' h' f`gfzbtb finvv ’N‘1 ='3> h dknhbtbz Z'F' }k}bv1=';> h dknhbtbz Z'F' }k}bv1 6'2; fr' h' vt`gb hnv`gz{1 dzbdlkgl `c >3)6::fr' h'1 236'2= i' h' }kib frt(`cc1 nffbvv z`nd1 h`jkikuntk`g # dbh`jkikuntk`g ngdf`gvtzrftk`g vncbt{ # obnito' F`h}ibtk`g c tob \`zav kv zb~rkzbd |ktokg gborgdzbd bklot{ dn{v />?=+ fnibgdnz dn{v' Jkddbzv vo`rid onsb f`h}ibtbd)|ktokg tbg />=+ {bnzv cz`h tob dntb c vrjhkvvk`g ngd zbfbk}t c jkdv) n f`gtznftvkhkinz t` tob ]zèbft' Tob dbvfzk}tk`g c ng biklkjib jkddbz kv f`gtnkgbd kg tobJkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kg Vbftk`g KK) Kgvtzrftk`gv t` Jkddbzv'

6' Jkddkgl vonii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo `}bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbvrvkgl g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzk`g nv v}bfkbd kg tob Kh}ibhbgtkglZribv ngd Zblrintk`gv /KZZ+ `c Zb}rjikf Nft ;>?4 /ZN ;>?4+) `tobz|kvbag`|g nv tob ’L`sbzghbgt ]z`frzbhbgt Zbc`zh Nft‘'

Jkddkgl kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg` fktkubg vìb }z`}zkbt`zvok}v) } nztgbzvok}v) z`zlngkuntk`gv |kto nt ibnvt vbsbgt{ sb }bzfbgt /<2"+ kgtbzbvt `z `rtvtngdkglfn}ktni vt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv `c tob ]okik}}kgbv'

4' Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv hn{ `jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g cz`h D]\O) Ki`f`v Vrz >vtDkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb ngd kgv}bft tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvvlksbg jbi`| cz`h ? nh t` 2 }h vtnztkg l G`sbhjbz :=) :=>: t` Dbfbhjbz>=) :=>:'

2' N f`h}ibtb vbt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd j{ kgtbzbvtbdJkddbzv cz`h tob nddzbvv jbi`| ngd r}`g }n{hbgt `c g`g zbcrgdnjib cbbc`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv kg tob nh`rgt `c ]o}:2)==='=='

Kt hn{ niv` jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb `c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb `c tob ]okik}}kgbL`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf ]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb ctob ]z`frzkgl Bgtkt{) }z`skdbd tont jkddbzv vonii }n{ tob cbb c`z tob JkddkglD`frhbgtv g`t intbz tong tob vrjhkvvk`g `c tobkz jkdv'

3' Tob D]\O) Ki`f`v Vrz >vt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb |kii oìd n }zb(jkdF`gcbzbgfb `g G`sbhjbz :;) :=>: nt tob @cfb `c tob JNF Fonkzhng'

<' Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t` tob nddzbvv jbi`| `g `z jbc`zb Dbfbhjbz >=):=>: nt >=5== kg tob h`zgkgl nt tob @cfb c tob JNF Fonkzhng' Nii jkdv hrvtjb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ `c tob nffb}tnjib c`zhv ngd kg tobnh`rgt vtntbd kg KTJ Finrvb >?'

Jkdv |kii jb `}bgbd kg tob }zbvbgfb `c tob jkddbzv‛ zb}zbvbgtntksbv |o`fo``vb t` nttbgd nt tob nddzbvv jbi`|' Intb jkdv vonii g`t jb nffb}tbd'

?' Tob Db}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v) Ki`f`v Vrz Ckzvt DkvtzkftBglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Jngtn{) Ki`f`v Vrz zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t `z zbebftng{ jkd) t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv nt ng{ tkhb }zk`zt` f`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbd jkddbz`z jkddbzv'

;' C`z crztobz kgc`zhntk`g) }ibnvb zbcbz t`5VRVNGN H' ]NZD@JNF VbfzbtnzkntDb}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{vKi`f`v Vrz Ckzvt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbJngtn{) Ki`f`v Vrz

/=<<+ <::(6=:4Cnx G`' /=<<+ <::(?=24

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NGGB_ ’N‘

KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKDTob Jkdv ngd N|nzdv F`hhkttbb /JNF+ `c tob D]\O(ivnjbin ivt DkvtzkftBglkgbbzkgl @cckfb) Kinlng) ivnjbin) kgsktbv f`gtznft`zv t` jkd c`z tobnc`zbhbgtk`gbd }zèbftv5

F`gtznft KD >:JB==;>F`gtznft Gnhb I`fntk`g Zb}nkzZbonj' `c Vngtknl`(Trlrblnzn`

Z`nd) A=4>;!:2;':> ‖A=4:>!===)A = 4 : 2 ! 3 ; 2 ' 2 = ‖ A = 4 : 3 ! : = = #A=4:3!:== ‖A=4:<!===) Vtn' Hnzkn)Kvnjbin

Vf`}b `c\`za F`gfzbtb Zbji`fakglNJF F`gtznft 63)22>)<2<'=;Drzntk`g ><; FDF`vt `c JkddkglD`frhbgtv :=)==='==V`rzfb `c Crgd F[ :=>6 Kgcznvtzrftrzb ]z`lznh

Tob JNF |kii f`gdrft tob }z`frzbhbgt }z`fbvv kg nff`zdngfb |kto tob ZbskvbdKZZ c Z'N' ;>?4' Jkdv zbfbksbd kg bxfbvv c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{zbebftbd nt tob `}bgkgl `c jkd'

T` jkd c`z tokv f`gtznft) n f`gtznft`z hrvt vrjhkt n Ibttbz `c Kgtbgt /I@K+)}rzfonvb jkd d`frhbgtv ngd hrvt hbbt tob cìi`|kgl hne`z fzktbzkn5 /n+ }zk`zzblkvtzntk`g |kto D]\O) /j+ Ckik}kg` Fktkubg `z <2" Ckik}kg`(`|gbd }nztgbzvok})f`z}`zntk`g) f``}bzntksb) z e`kgt sbgtrzb /f+ |kto ]FNJ ikfbgvb n}}ikfnjib t`tob t{}b ngd f`vt c tokv f`gtznft) /d+ f`h}ibtk`g c n vkhkinz f`gtznft f`vtkglnt ibnvt 2=" `c NJF |ktokg n }bzk`d `c >= {bnzv ngd) ngd /b+ Gbt CkgngfkniF`gtznftkgl Fn}nfkt{ nt ibnvt b~rni t` NJF) z fzbdkt ikgb f`hhkthbgt nt ibnvtb~rni t` >=" c NJF' Tob JNF |kii rvb g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzkn kgtob biklkjkikt{ fobfa ngd }zbikhkgnz{ bxnhkgntk`g c jkdv'

Rgzblkvtbzbd f`gtznft`zv) o`|bsbz) vonii vrjhkt tobkz n}}ikfntk`gv c`zzblkvtzntk`g t` tob D]\O(]@F\ Fbgtzni @cfb jbc`zb tob dbndikgb c`z tobzbfbk}t `c I@K' Tob D]\O(]@F\(Fbgtzni @cfb |kii `gi{ }z`fbvv f`gtznft`zv‛n}}ikfntk`gv c`z zblkvtzntk`g) |kto f`h}ibtb zb~rkzbhbgtv) ngd kvvrb tobF`gtznft`z‛v Fbztkfntb `c Zblkvtzntk`g /FZF+' Zblkvtzntk`g C`zhv hn{ jbd`|gi`ndbd nt tob D]\O |bjvktb |||'d}|o'l`s'}o'

Tob vklgkfngt tkhbv ngd dbndikgbv c }z`frzbhbgt nftksktkbv nzb vo`|g jbi`|5

>' Kvvrngfb `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv Cz`h5 G`sbhjbz ::) t` Dbfbhjbz >>) :=>::' ]zbjkd F`gcbzbgfb G`sbhjbz :;) :=>: nt >=5== N'H'6' Dbndikgb `c Zbfbk}t `c I@K cz`h]z`v}bftksb Jkddbzv

Dbfbhjbz 2) :=>: nt 25== ]'H'

4' Zbfbk}t `c Jkdv Dbndikgb5 Dbfbhjbz >>) :=>: nt :5== ]'H'2' @}bgkgl c Jkdv :5=> ]'H' Dbfbhjbz >>) :=>:

Tob JNF |kii kvvrb onzd f`}kbv `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv /JD‛v+ nt D]\O(ivnjbin ivt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Kinlng) ivnjbin) r}`g }n{hbgt `c ng`g(zbcrgdnjib cbb vtntbd nj`sb' ]z`v}bftksb jkddbzv hn{ niv` d`|gi`ndtob JD‛v cz`h tob D]\O |bj vktb) kc nsnkinjib' ]z`v}bftksb Jkddbzv tont |kiid`|gi`nd tob JD‛v cz`h tob D]\O |bjvktb vonii }n{ tob vnkd cbbv `g `z jbc`zb tob vrjhkvvk`g c tobkz jkd d`frhbgtv' Tob ]zb(Jkd F`gcbzbgfb voniijb }bg gi{ t` kgtbzbvtbd }nztkbv |o` onsb }rzfonvbd tob JD‛v' Jkdv hrvtjb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{) kg tob nh`rgt ngd nffb}tnjib c`zh) nvvtntbd kg Vbftk`g :<': `c tob Zbskvbd KZZ'

]z`v}bftksb Jkddbzv vonii vrjhkt tobkz dri{ nff`h}ikvobd c`zhv nv v}bfkbd kgtob JD‛v kg t|` /:+ vb}nzntb vbnibd jkd bgsbi`}bv t` tob JNF Fonkzhng' Tob zvtbgsbi`}b vonii f`gtnkg tob tbfogkfni f`h}`gbgt `c tob jkd) |okfo vonii kgfirdbn f`}{ c tob FZF' Tob vbf`gd bgsbi`}b vonii f`gtnkg tob gngfkni f`h}`gbgt`c tob jkd' F`gtznft |kii jb n|nzdbd t` tob I`|bvt Fnifrintbd Zbv}`gvksb Jkdnv dbtbzhkgbd kg tob jkd bsnirntk`g ngd tob }`vt(~rnikfntk`g'

Tob D]\O(ivnjbin ivt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Kinlng) ivnjbin zbvbzsbv tobzklot t` nffb}t `z zbebft ng{ jkd) t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv nt ng{ tkhb }zk`zt` F`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbd jkddbzv'

N}}z`sbd j{5

/Vld+ BHKI Z' LNGNDBGJNF Fonkzhng

G@TBD J[5

C`z ngd kg tob njvbgfb `c tob D'B'

/Vld+BHKI Z' LNGNDBGNvvkvtngt Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbz

/HVT(G@S' :3) :=>:+

Zb}rjikf `c tob ]okik}}kgbvDb}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{vKvnjbin >vt Dkvtzkf t Bglkgbbzkgl @cckfb

Kinlng Fkt{) Kvnjbin




G@SBHJBZ :3) :=>:H@GDN[J4


KG JZKBC

Hngkin VtngdnzdT@DN[

\@ZID

>>: akiibd kg Jnglindbvo ckzb

Onhnv zbebftv nzhv onit

Kgdkn trzgv d`|g Fokgn‛v hn}v

J{ Erionv Ninh

DONAN—Nt ibnvt >>: }b`}ib |bzbakiibd kg n zb tont znfbd toz`rlo n hritk(vt`z{ lnzhbgt cnft`z{ ervt rtvkdb c Jnglindbvo‛v fn}ktni) ng `cfkni vnkdVrgdn{'

Tob jinub jzàb `rt nt tobvbsbg(vt`z{ cnft`z{ `}bzntbd j{

Tnuzbbg Cnvok`gv intb Vntrzdn{'J{ Vrgdn{ h`zgkgl) zblotbzv

ond zbf`sbzbd >== j`dkbv) zbdb}nzthbgt @}bzntk`gv Dkzbft`z Hne' Hònhhnd Hnojrj tìdTob Nvv`fkntbd ]zbvv'

Ob vnkd ng`tobz >: }b`}ib |oònd vrccbzbd kgerzkbv nctbz erh}kglcz`h tob jrkidkgl t` bvfn}b tobzb intbz dkbd nt o`v}ktniv'

Tob dbnto tìi f`rid zkvb nv tobvbnzfo c`z skftkhv |nv f`gtkgrkgl)ob vnkd'

Tob fnrvb `c tob zb |nv g`t

khhbdkntbi{ ag`|g'Jnglindbvo onv v`hb 4)===

lnzhbgt cnft`zkbv) hng{ |kto`rt }z`}bz vncbt{ hbnvrzbv' Tobf`rgtz{ nggrnii{ bnzgv nj`rt $:=

jkiik`g cz`h bx}`ztv `c lnzhbgt }z`drftv) hnkgi{ t` tob RgktbdVtntbv ngd Brz`}b'

Hnojrj vnkd zblotbzvzbf`sbzbd 3; j`dkbv cz`h tobvbf`gd ``z `c tob cnft`z{ ni`gb'Ob vnkd h`vt `c tob skftkhv ond

jbbg tzn}}bd kgvkdb tob cnft`z{)i`fntbd ervt `rtvkdb `c Donan)|kto g` bhbzlbgf{ bxktv ibndkgl`rtvkdb tob jrkidkgl'

Hng{ |`zabzv |o` ond tnabgvobitbz `g tob z``c `c tob cnft`z{|bzb zbvfrbd) jrt zblotbzv |bzbrgnjib t` vnsb to`vb |o` |bzbtzn}}bd kgvkdb) Hnojrj vnkd'

Ob vnkd tob zb jzàb `rt `gtob lz`rgd ``z) |okfo kv rvbd nvn |nzbo`rvb) ngd v}zbnd ~rkfai{

t` tob r}}bz ``zv'’Tob cnft`z{ ond tozbb

vtnkzfnvbv) ngd nii `c tobh |bzbd`|g toz`rlo tob lz`rgd ``z)‘Hnojrj vnkd' ’V` tob |`zabzvf`rid g`t f`hb `rt |obg tob zbbglricbd tob jrkidkgl'‘

’Ond tobzb jbbg nt ibnvt `gbbhbzlbgf{ bxkt toz`rlo `rtvkdbtob cnft`z{) tob fnvrnitkbv|`rid onsb jbbg hrfo i`|bz)‘ob vnkd' N]

FNKZ@—Lnun‛v zrikgl Onhnv |kiig`t vt`} nzhkgl ktvbic jbfnrvb `gi{ nvtz`gl nzvbgni) g`t gbl`tkntk`gv) fngbxtznft f`gfbvvk`gv cz`h Kvznbi) tobg`' : kg tob Kvinhkf hkiktngt lz`r} tìdTob Nvv`fkntbd ]zbvv kg ng kgtbzskb|Vntrzdn{'

Tob f`hhbgtv j{ H`rvvn NjrHnzu`ra) ervt tozbb dn{v nctbz tob|`zvt j`rt `c Kvznbi(Onhnv lotkgl kgc`rz {bnzv) vklgnibd tz`rjib nobnd c`z Bl{}tkng(jzàbzbd tniav jbt|bbg tobo`vtkib gbkloj`zv `g n gb| j`zdbz dbni'

Onhnv dbhngdv tont Kvznbi ngd Bl{}tikct nii zbvtzkftk`gv `g tob h`sbhbgt

`c l``dv ngd }b`}ib kg ngd `rt `c tob]nibvtkgkng tbzzkt`z{) |okfo onv jbbg

jrfaikgl rgdbz n j`zdbz ji`fandbvkgfb tob Kvinhkvtv vbkubd tob tbzzkt`z{kg :==<' Tob zbvtzkftk`gv onsb jbbgbnvbd v`hb|ont kg zbfbgt {bnzv) jrtg`t bg`rlo t` nii`| Lnun‛v jnttbzbdbf`g`h{ t` dbsbi`}'

Kvznbik `cfkniv |bzb g`t khhbdkntbi{nsnkinjib c`z f`hhbgt Vntrzdn{) tobEb|kvo Vnjjnto' O`|bsbz) ng Kvznbikvbfrzkt{ cfkni vnkd tokv |bba tont Kvznbi

|`rid ikabi{ ikga n vklgkfngt bnvkgl `c tob ji`fandb t` Onhnv‛ |kiikglgbvv t`vt`} vhrllikgl |bn}`gv kgt` Lnun ngd

}z`drfkgl tobh tobzb'Njr Hnzu`ra vnkd Vntrzdn{ tont tob

lz`r} |`rid g`t dkvnzh) nzlrkgl tontzbfbgt ]nibvtkgkng okvt`z{ onv vo`|gtont gbl`tkntk`gv |kto Kvznbi ibndg`|obzb rgibvv jnfabd j{ c`zfb'

’Tobzb kv g` |n{ t` zbikg~rkvo|bn}`gv)‘ Njr Hnzu`ra vnkd kgokv `cfb `g tob `rtvakztv `c Fnkz`'’Tobvb |bn}`gv }z`tbftbd rv ngdtobzb kv g` |n{ t` vt`} `jtnkgkgl ngdhngrcnftrzkgl tobh'‘

Onhnv‛ c`rgdkgl fonztbz fniiv c`z Kvznbi‛vdbvtzrftk`g) jrt ibndbzv `c tob lz`r} onsbniv vnkd tob{ nzb zbnd{ c`z n i`gl(tbzhfbnvbzb |kto tob Eb|kvo vtntb'

Tob lz`r} kv jbikbsbd t` onsb nhnvvbdn inzlb nzvbgni `c to`rvngdv `c z`fabtvvkgfb Kvznbi‛v invt hkiktnz{ `ccbgvksb kgLnun c`rz {bnzv nl`' Onhnv onv jbbgvhrllikgl |bn}`gv toz`rlo trggbivrgdbz tob j`zdbz |kto Bl{}t) jrt niv`finkhv t` onsb jblrg hngrcnftrzkgli`glbz(znglb z`fabtv kg Lnun' N]

GB\ DBIOK—Kgdkn onv zbv}`gdbdt` Fokgn‛v gb|i{ zbskvbd }nvv}`ztvtont vo`| dkv}rtbd tbzzkt`z{ gbnz tobkz vonzbd j`zdbz nv }nzt c Fokgn j{ kvvrkglFokgbvb fktkubgv skvnv bhj`vvbd |kto

Gb| Dbiok‛v `|g hn}v'Bxtbzgni Nccnkzv Hkgkvtbz Vnihng

Aorzvokd vnkd Vntrzdn{ tont tobFokgbvb }nvv}`zt hn} vo`|kgl Kgdkn‛vNzrgnfoni ]zndbvo vtntb ngd tobOkhnin{ng zblk`g c Navnk Fokg nv }nzt`c Fokgn kv ’rgnffb}tnjib'‘

Kgdkn zbtnikntbd j{ vtnztkgl t` kvvrbskvnv t` Fokgbvb fktkubgv |kto n hn}`c Kgdkn tont kgfirdbv nii tbzzkt`zkbvfinkhbd j{ Gb| Dbiok'

Tob gb| Fokgbvb }nvv}`ztv onsbniv` r}vbt tob ]okik}}kgbv ngd Skbtgnh

jbfnrvb tob{ vo`| dkv}rtbd }nztv `c tob V`rto Fokgn Vbn nv jbi`glkgl t`

Fokgn'

Kg Gb| Dbiok) Fokgn kv skb|bd|kto vrv}kfk`g nv n i`gltkhb nii{ ngd|bn}`gv vr}}ikbz t` ]nakvtng) Kgdkn‛v

jkttbz zksni' C`z Jbkekgl) tob }zbvbgfbkg Kgdkn `c tob Tkjbtng v}kzktrni ibndbz)tob Dnink Inhn) ngd >:=)=== `tobz bxkibv cz`h Tkjbt zbhnkgv n v`rzfb `c tbgvk`g'

Kgdkn vn{v Fokgn f`gtzìv 4>)44=v~rnzb aki`hbtbzv />3)=== v~rnzbhkibv+ `c ktv tbzzkt`z{ kg Navnk Fokgkg Anvohkz) |okib Jbkekgl finkhv tonttob Kgdkng vtntb `c Nzrgnfoni ]zndbvo)|okfo vonzbv n >)=2=(aki`hbtbz /32=(hkib+ j`zdbz |kto tob Fokgbvb(zrgzblk`g `c Tkjbt) kv zklotcrii{ Fokgbvbtbzzkt`z{'

Kgdkn ngd Fokgn c`rlot n jzkbc j`zdbz |nz kg >;3:) ngd inzlb vtzbtfobv`c tob Kgdkn(Fokgn j`zdbz nzb vtkii

rgdbhnzfntbd' N]

Jnglindbvokzblotbzvjnttib n zb nt nlnzhbgt cnft`z{kg tob Vnsnzgbkloj`zo``dkg Donan)Jnglindbvo) intbVntrzdn{' Ntibnvt >>: }b`}ib|bzb akiibd kg nzb tont znfbdtoz`rlo tobhritk(vt`z{lnzhbgt cnft`z{

ervt `rtvkdb `c Jnglindbvo‛vfn}ktni) ng cfknivnkd Vrgdn{' N]

Nzncnt‛v zbhnkgvZNHNIINO) \bvt Jnga—Tobzbhnkgv `c c`zhbz ]nibvtkgkngibndbz [nvvbz Nzncnt |kii jbbxorhbd Trbvdn{ nv }nzt `c nzbgb|bd kgsbvtklntk`g kgt` okvdbnto) n ]nibvtkgkng kgsbvtklnt`z vnkd Vntrzdn{'

Nzncnt dkbd kg G`sbhjbz :==4kg n Czbgfo hkiktnz{ o`v}ktni) nh`gto nctbz vrddbgi{ cniikgl kii']nibvtkgkng `cfkniv finkh ob|nv }`kv`gbd j{ Kvznbi) jrt onsbg`t }zbvbgtbd bskdbgfb' Kvznbionv dbgkbd vrfo niiblntk`gv'

Bnzikbz tokv {bnz) tobdbtbftk`g `c n ibtoni zndk`nftksbvrjvtngfb kg jkì`lkfni tznfbv`g Nzncnt‛v fi`tokgl v}nzabd ngb| kgsbvtklntk`g' Tbvtv |bzbkgf`gfirvksb) ngd bx}bztv vnkdtob{ gbbd t` fobfa okv zbhnkgvt` ibnzg h`zb'

@g Trbvdn{) V|kvv) Czbgfongd Zrvvkng bx}bztv |kii tnabvnh}ibv cz`h Nzncnt‛v j`gbv)vnkd Tn|a Tkzn|k) |oòbndv tob ]nibvtkgkng tbnhkgsbvtklntkgl tob dbnto' Tob{|kii bxnhkgb tob vnh}ibv kgtobkz o`hb f`rgtzkbv'

Nzncnt |kii jb zbjrzkbd tobvnhb dn{ |kto hkiktnz{ o`g`zv) jrt tob fbzbh`g{ |kii jb fi`vbdt` tob }rjikf) Tkzn|k tìd n gb|vf`gcbzbgfb'

Ob dkd g`t v}bfkc{ |obgzbvritv |`rid jb ngg`rgfbd jrt vnkd tob }z`jb f`rid tnabh`gtov' N]

RV lnv bx}i`vk`g

V]ZKGLCKBID) Hnvvnforvbttv— ]zbikhkgnz{ kgsbvtklntk`gv vo`|h`zb tong 4= jrkidkglv |bzb

dnhnlbd kg n gntrzni lnv bx}i`vk`gkg |bvtbzg Hnvvnforvbttv tontkgerzbd >? }b`}ib) jrkidkglkgv}bft`zv vnkd Vntrzdn{'

N vtzk} firj |nv nttbgbd ngdn dn{ fnzb fbgtbz |nv obnski{dnhnlbd kg tob hnvvksb bx}i`vk`g

Czkdn{ gklot kg V}zkglbid)`gb `c tob jkllbvt fktkbv kg tobg`ztobnvtbzg Gb| Bglingd vtntbv'

G` `gb |nv akiibd kg tob

bx}i`vk`g'Kgsbvtklnt`zv |bzb tz{kgl

Vntrzdn{ t` lrzb rt |ont fnrvbdtob jinvt tont f`rid jb obnzd c`z

hkibv /aki`hbtbzv+) ibct n inzlboìb kg tob lz`rgd |obzb tobhritkvt`z{ jzkfa jrkidkgl o`rvkglVf`zbv Lbgtibhng‛v Firj `gfbvt``d ngd vfnttbzbd dbjzkv `sbz vbsbzni ji`fav'

@cfkniv ond nizbnd{ bsnfrntbd }nzt `c tob bgtbztnkghbgt dkvtzkft

nctbz zbv}`gdkgl t` n lnv ibna ngd `d`z zb}`ztbd nj`rt ng o`rz

jbc`zb tob bx}i vk`g' Lnv |`zabzvsbgtkgl n lnv ibna l`t kgdkfntk`gvtont tob jrkidkgl |nv nj`rt t`bx}i`db ngd tob{ drfabd c`z f`sbz

jbokgd n rtkikt{ tzrfa—ni`gl |ktozblotbzv ngd }ìkfb `cfbzv—

ervt jbc`zb tob jinvt' N]

Fozkvthnv vo`}}kgl' ]zbvkdbgt Jnznfa @jnhn) |kto dnrlotbzv Vnvon /ibct+ ngdHnikn /zklot+) l`bv vo`}}kgl nt n vhnii j`àvt`zb) @gb H`zb ]nlb) kg Nzikglt`g)Skzlkgkn) Vntrzdn{' ]zbvkdbgt @jnhn hndb n ~rkfa tzk} t` n Skzlkgkn j`àvt`zb c`zv`hb Fozkvthnv vo`}}kgl' Tob \oktb O`rvb vn{v @jnhn |nv }z`h`tkgl ng bcc`ztfniibd ’vhnii jrvkgbvv Vntrzdn{‘ t` bgf`rznlb vo`}}bzv t` }ntz`gkub h`h(ngd(}`}jrvkgbvvbv nctbz tob Tongavlkskgl oìkdn{' N]

Zb}rjikf `c tob ]okik}}kgbvDb}nzthbgt `c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v

Gntk`gni Fn}ktni Zblk`gVBF@GD HBTZ@ HNGKIN VRJ(BGLKGBBZKGL DKVTZKFT

:gd Vtzbbt) ]`zt Nzbn) Hngkin

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vtngdnzdikcbvt{ibMlhnki'f`h

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}nkg ngd v|biikgl /kgnhhn(tk`g+ ngd t` tzbnt }``zi{ obnikgl|`rgdv ngd ibl rifbzv' Kt kv niv`n}}ikbd t` tob vakg /rvbd t`}k(fnii{+ c`z g`vbjibbdv) snzkf`vbsbkgv) obh`zzo`kdv) kgnhhn(tk`g `c tob zbftrh /}z`ftktkv+)ngd kgnhhntk`g `c tob ikgkgl`c tob b{bikd /f`gergftksktkv+'

Jbfnrvb kt kv c`z jnjkbv)Vh``to{ Fzbnh kv czbb `c }nzn(jbgv) nifòì ngd fì`zngtv) onvvakg(czkbgdi{ kglzbdkbgtv) |nvdbsbi`}bd kg f``}bzntk`g |kto

dbzhntì`lkvtv ngd }bdkntzkfkngvngd kv o{}`niibzlbgkf'

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tk g ngd vtzbglotbgv tob vakg jnz(zkbz vr}}`ztkgl tob |g }z`tbftksbcrgftk g' Tob Vh``to{ Fzbnh kvng kdbni vakg fnzb }z`drft |ktobv}bfknii{ zkfo h`kvtrzkukgl }z`}(bztkbv' Kt onv n g`g(lzbnv{ ngd bnv(ki{ njv`zjbd c`zhrintk g)‘ vn{vGksbn g ktv \bj vktb'

Gksbn Vh``to{ Fzbnh fngjb rvbd nv n cnfkni h`kvtrzkubz)j`d{ i`tk`g ngd nv n v``tokgljnih c`z vakg kzzktntk`gv' @o) ktfng niv` jb n ibnsb(`g f`gdk(tk`gbz c`z tob onkz'

TOB

VFNZC ]ZKGT VFBGB

TOB finvvkf vkia vfnzc onv jbbg }riibd`rt cz`h tob ?=v fi`vbt t` ngd jz`rlotjnfa t` ikcb nv `gb `c tokv {bnz‛v hrvtonsb }kbfbv'

Kt onv ktv z``tv kg Jnz`~rb cnvok`g)|okfo jbfnhb }`}rinz kg tob >;?=v|obg Lknggk Sbzvnfb nddbd n |kid}`} nzt t|kvt t` tob Ktnikng nztkvtkf tzn(dktk`g `c Jnz`~rb dbvklg1 zb}infkgltob fobzrjv ngd nglbiv `c Ktnikng czbv(f`bv |kto f`gtbh}`znz{ jìd fonkgv)Hbdrvn obndv) ngd ib`}nzd }zkgtv kgokv jìd fìibftk`gv'

T`dn{) vfnzc }zkgtv nzb z`fakgl tobzrg|n{v5 kg Btz`‛v jbnfo onitbz dzbvvbv1Dbzba Inh‛v hnlgkbd vfnzc }zkgtv |kto jzklot fì`zv ngdn |bvtbzg t|kvt1 D`gntbiin

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Tob Vfnzc ]zkgt fìibftk`g kv nsnki(njib nt tob Indkbv‛ Cnvok`g vbftk`g

`c tob VH Vt`zb'

Fo``vb gb

J{ Bd Jknd`

KV tokv tob intbvt tzbgd kg zbv`ztf`rtrzb ndsbztkvkgl0 Nftrnii{)g`) jrt kt zbnii{ d`bv zksni tobh`vt oklo(cnvok`g v}zbndv tontonsb jbbg }rjikvobd'

Rgdbz|ntbz }o`t`lzn}ov cbn(trzkgl cnvok`g h`dbiv v|khhkgl|kto |onib vonzav |bzb zbfbgti{zbibnvbd ngd tob{ nzb kgfzbdkjib'Tob vtrggkgl gb| khnlbv) tnabg

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Azkvtkng Vfohkdt) db}kft h`d(

biv Z`jbztn Hngfkg`) OnggnoCznvbz) Cnukik Aznvgk~k ngdTnz` Vhkto kg hbzhnkd(ikab}`vbv) |kto tob vonzav nv tobkzf`vtnzv) t` ’fzbntb hbvhbzkukglkhnlbz{ tont fn}trzbd tob rgk~rbf`ggbftk`g jbt|bbg orhngv ngdtob inzlbvt vo kg tob `fbng) tob|onib vonza'‘

Vbbhkgli{ rgcnubd j{tob f`hh`tk`g fnrvbd j{tob vo``t‛v }nztkfk}ngtv) tob|onib vonzav |bzb fn}trzbd`g fnhbzn nv tob lbgtib lkngtvtont tob{ nzb) tont) kg v`hb kh(nlbv) n}}bnz t` jb }o{vkfnii{kgtbznftkgl |kto tob h`dbiv'

Nito`rlo g`t finvvkckbd nvbgdnglbzbd) |onib vonzav nzb

TOB r}f`hkgl oìkdn{ vbnv`g kv nj`rtvo`|kgl `cc irhkg`rv) li`|kgl vakg'Jrt kg `zdbz t` i`à l``d c`z tob

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Tob Fozkvthnv zrvo fng tnab n t ii`g `rz vakg' \kto tob hbzz{hnakglf`hb }bva{ vakg }z`jibhv jz`rlot

`g j{ tob fìdbz |bntobz5 cz`vt jktb /kgfìdbz f`rgtzkbv+) fon}}bd ik}v) na{

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|ktokg i`à‘ |obg {`rz vakg i`àv obnito{ngd }z`}bzi{ g`rzkvobd' Tzrb) tobzb nzbto`rvngdv c vakg(jzklotbgkgl c`zhrintk`gvfinkhkgl dbzhntì`lkvt(fnikjbz }z`hkvbv)jrt `gb kgbx}bgvksb }z`drft vtngdv `rt5 ]z`nftks Vìrtk`g'

]z`nftks Vìrtk g kv n vìkd ngd bccbftksb nitbzgntksb t cnfkni v}n tzbnt(hbgtv ngd bx}bgvksb skvktv t jbnrt{ fikgkfv' \kto dkiklbgt n}}ikfntk g) ktfng lzngt {`r n i gl(invtkgl) kiirhkgntkgl bccbft g {`rz vakg' Ervt cìi |tob tozbb vkh}ib ]z`nftks vtb}v5 Zbgb|) Zbsktnikub ngd Zb}nkz' Tokv zbs`(

irtk gnz{) dbzhnt i lkvt(dbsbi }bd nfgb v{vtbh obi}v fibnz bxkvtkgl ngdvtrjj`zg nfgb ngd }zbsbgtv tobh cz`h f`hkgl jnfa'

Tob Zbgb|kgl Fibngvbz kv n rgk~rb) `ki(czbb c`zhrintbd nfgbfibngvbz) |kto vh``to tkg{ jbndv tont bxcìkntb dbnd vakg fbiiv ngd`tobz kh}rzktkbv' Tob vbf`gd vtb} kv tob zbczbvokgl) nifòì(czbbZbsktnikukgl T`gbz' Kt zbh`sbv }irlv t` bikhkgntb fi`llbd }`zbvngd obi}v bikhkgntb bxfbvv `ki c`z n zbczbvobd) fibnzbz vakg) |okibv``tokgl j`tngkfniv lbgti{ jningfb {`rz vakg t`gb'Tob gni vtb}kv tob Zb}nkzkgl I`tk`g) n iklot) `ki(czbb vakg(fibnzkgl i`tk`g |kto}zbvfzk}tk`g(lzndb jbgu`{i }bz`xkdb i`tk`g tont obniv jibhkvobvngd obi}v }zbsbgt gb| `gbv'

]z`nftks Vìrtk`g kv nsnkinjib nt ng{ \ntv`g‛v `rtibt `z VH Db(}nzthbgt Vt`zbv' Tob{ niv` onsb hnii ak`vav nt tob cìi`|kgl hniiv5Li`zkbttn) Lz`rgd Ci``z1 Tzkg`hn) :gd Ci``z1 Z`jkgv`g‛v Lniibzkn) 6zd

Ci``z1 ngd Hnz~rbb Hnii) Lz`rgd Ci``z'

JBNRT[ kv kh}`ztngtjbfnrvb kt hnabv rv cbbil``d ngd lksbv v`hb `c rvn j``vt kg f`gckdbgfb c`z`rz }rzvrktv kg ikcb'

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tob ]okik}}kgbv‛ ibndkgl f`v(hbtkf vrzlbz{ ngd dbzhntì(`l{ vbzskfbv fikgkf) Jbi` HbdkfniLz`r}'

@sbz tob {bnzv) J`t`x§ onvniv` obi}bd hkiik`gv `c kgdkskd(rniv nii `sbz tob |`zid hnkgtnkgngd zblnkg jbnrt{' Jrt f`gtznz{t` |ont h`vt }b`}ib tokga) J`(t`x§ kv Niibzlng‛v zblkvtbzbdtzndbhnza ngd g`t n lbgbzkf}z`fbdrzb `z }z`drft'

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’T`lbtobz) Niibzlng Obnito(

fnzb ]okik}}kgbv ngd Jbi` Hbd(

kfni Lz`r} bh}`|bz kgdkskdr(niv t` zbdkvf`sbz jbnrt{ kgvkdbngd `rt' \b nzb tongacri t` Dz'Skfak ngd obz tbnh c`z tob tzrvttob{ onsb lksbg rv ngd `rz hn(

e`z nbvtobtkf jzngd) J`t`x§)‘vnkd Niibzlng Obnitofnzb ]oki(k}}kgbv f`rgtz{ hngnlbz VbrglEb Fo`'

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Hbgdbu) ngd Env`g Vnjk`'

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tob `tobz bgd`zvbzv' V` hng{

}b`}ib i`à r} t` VH Nffbvv`(zkbv ngd g`| K fng vo`| h{ vt{ib|kto kt‘'

Zkfonzd Lrtkbzzbu ’i`àvc`z|nzd t` vonzkgl tokv `}}`z(trgkt{ |kto bsbz{`gb) t` vonzbo`| l``d tob nffbvv`zkbv cz`hVH nzb'

Tob jruu |nv g tob jikgl drz(kgl tob cnvok`g vo`| cbntrzkglVH Nffbvv`zkbv‛ Oìkdn{ fìibf(tk`g' @gb f`ridg‛t lbt bg`rlo `c tob gbfainfbv) jznfbibtv) zkglv)firtfo jnlv) jbitv) vfnzsbv) ontvngd }ibgt{ `c `tobz nffbvv`zkbvvo`|fnvbd kg tob vo`|'

Tob ktbhv cz`h VH Nffbvv`(zkbv nzb g`| nsnkinjib nt nii VHvt`zbv'

N lntobzkgl c vt{ib kf`gv

K‛SB jbbg nvabd v` hng{ tkhbv) ’Kc tobzb kv `gb jbnrt{}z`drft tont {`r fng‛t iksb |kto`rt) |ont |`rid kt jb0‘ ]b`(}ib ni|n{v bx}bft hb t` vn{ ’ik}vtkfa‘ jbfnrvb tob{ ag`| Knh `jvbvvbd |kto kt' [bv) K nh jrt K fng iksb |kto`rt kt'

]O |onib vonzav vtnz kg cnvok`g vo``t

f`gvkdbzbd srigbznjib v}b(fkbv nv tob{ nzb vtkii jbkgl ki(iblnii{ orgtbd c`z f`hhbzfkni}rz}`vbv kg dkccbzbgt nzbnv kgtob |`zid) kgfirdkgl tob ]oki(k}}kgbv' Tob cnvok`g(tobhbd}o`t` vo``t nkhv t` znkvbn|nzbgbvv `g tob kiiblni }znf(tkfb ngd vo`|fnvb tob jbnrt{`c tob hnvvksb ckitbz(cbbdkglvonza' Nv cnz nv nds`fnf{ }o`(t`lzn}o{ fnh}nklgv l`) g`gbonv bsbz jbbg tokv vt{ikvo'

Vo`t cc tob f`nvt c tob t`|g

`c @vi`j kg Fbjr }z`skgfb) tobcnvok`g bdkt`zkni(bv~rb }zèbft|nv f`gfbksbd nctbz Obkgzkfov‛ckzvt tzk} t` tob zbh`tb ]okik}(}kgb hrgkfk}nikt{ invt {bnz' Obc`rgd tont tob d`fkib fzbntrzbvnzb rvbd t` orhng kgtbznftk`gjbfnrvb ckvobzhbg kg tob nzbncbbd tobh zblrinzi{ |kto tkg{vozkh} /ninhngl+' @vi`j kv ngbhbzlkgl t`rzkvh dbvtkgntk`g)|obzb t`rzkvtv fng |ntfo) kg(tbznft) v|kh ngd dksb |kto tob|onib vonzav'

Jbikbsbd t` jb tob |`zid‛vckzvt |onib vonza cnvok`gvo``t) tob vrzzbni khnlbvf`rid bnvki{ jb hkvtnabg c`zn l``d ]o`t`vo`} e`j' Jrtnvkdb cz`h }in{kgl |kto tobfì`zv ngd jningfbv t` }z`(drfb dznhntkf ngd `tobz(|`zidi{ bccbftv) tob zbvritkgl}kftrzbv nzb nii nrtobgtkf ngdnzb }z`drftv `c ’n |bba `c kgtbgvb vo``tkgl) `sbzf`h(kgl tob bibhbgtv) tbfogkfni`jvtnfib ngd cntklrb'‘

Lbt zbnd{ t` li`|

Gn{n Zksbzn) vtnz cz`hLibb TS vbzkbv) li`|v|kto ]z`nftks

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KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKD@ft`jbz :4) :=>:

>' F`gtznft KD 5 >: KA ==:<F`gtznft Gnhb 5 FIRVTBZ K_(Zbonjkiktntk` gVtzbgltobgkgl

Zb}infbhbgt `c Jzkdlbv `g snzk`rv i`fntk`gv1F`gtnft I`fntk`g 5 n'+ Fntjni`lng Dksbzvk`g Jzkdlb ni`gl Fntjni`lng

Dksbzvk`g Z`nd5j'+ Zn|kv Jzkdlb) Okgnjnglng ngd Jzl{' Jnlnfn{

Jzkdlb) Okgnjnglng)Jzkbc Dbvfzk}tk`gvVf`}b `c \`za5

>=>/>+ ( Zbh`sni `c Bxkvtkgl Jzkdlb Vtzrftrzb>=>/:+ ( Zbh`sni `c F`gfzbtb ]nsbhbgt>=6 ( Bxfnsntk`g c`z Vtzrftrzb>=4 ( Bhjngahbgt /Vbibftbd J`zz`|+:== ( Nllzblntb Vrj(jnvb F`rzvb6>> />+ ( ]`ztingd Fbhbgt F`gfzbtb ]nsbhbgt6>> /:+ ( ]FF] /Zbkgc`zfbd+4=> ( F`gfzbtb Znkikglv4=4 ( Zbkgc`zfkgl Vtbbi' Lzndb 4=4=2( Vtzrftrzni F`gfzbtb cf8:>H]n4>< ( Hbtni Dznkg2=4 ( Lz`rtbd Zk}zn}V}' > ( F`ccbzdnh /Kgvtniintk`g) Zbh`sni # Onrikgl+V}' KK ( Ibng F`gfzbtbV}' KKK ( Vrzcnfb ]zb}zntk`gV}' KS ( B}`x{ Kgebftk`g `g FznfavV}' S ( N}}ikfntk`g c Fnzj`g Ckjbz Vobbtv /Lkzdbz+V}' SK( N}}ikfntk`g c Fnzj`g Ckjbz Vobbtv / Vinj+V} SKK ( F`gfzbtb EnfabtkglV}' Siii ( ]intc`zhV}' K_ ( F`gfzbtb Vinj' KgvtniibdV}' _ ( Vtbbi Znkikgl ngd Znki}`vtv1V}' _K( F`gfzbtb Bgfnvbhbgt c ZF ]kibvV}' _iK ( Zbh`sni c Dnhnlbd v injV}' _KKK ( Zbh`sni z Vtbbi Znkikglv ngd Znki}`vtvV}' _KS ( Nv}onit Vbnikgl

V}' _S ( Zbvt`zntk`g `c Njrtthbgtv1 /b}`x{ ngd}invtbzkgl+V}' _SK ( D]\O Vtngdnzd ]zèbft JkiKj`nzdV}' _Sii( F`gvtzrftk`g Vncbt{ ngd ObnitoV}' _Siii( H`jkikuntk`g Dbh`jkiuntk`g

N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ 5 ] 4=)?<:)3?2'==F`gtznft Drzntk`g 5 >4= Fnibgdnz dn{vF`vt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv 5 ] :='==='==

KK' F`gtznft iD 5 >: KA ==:?F`gtznft Gnhb 5 Zbonjkiktntk`g `c Z`nd Vik} ni`gl Okgnjnglng

Dksbzvk`g Z`nd)

F`gtznft I`fntk`g 5 Ah) ?6<! =>= ( Ah' ?6<!/ (>=+ Fìin}vbd Z`nd|n{'Okgnjnglng

Jzkbc Dbvfzk}tk`gVf`}b `c \`za 5 >=2 ( Vrj(lzndb ]zb}nzntk`g:== ( Nllzblntb Vrj(jnvb F`rzvb6>> ( ]`ztingd Fbhbgt f`gfzbtb ]nsbhbgtV}' K ( Kgvtniintk`g `z Vrj(vrzcnfb DznkgV}' KK ( Zbvt`zntk`g c Bxkvtkgl J`x FrisbztV}' KKK ( D]\O Vtngdnzd ]zèbft Jkiij`nzdV}' KS ( F`gvtzrftk`g Vncbt{ ngd ObnitoV}fi ' S ‖ H`jkikuntk`gDbh`jkikuntk`g

N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ 5 ] <)?6?)==='==F`gtznft Drnzntk` 5 >:= Fnibgdnz dn{vF`vt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv 5 ] >=)==='==

Kii' F`gtznft KD 5 >: KA ==:;F`gtznft Gnhb 5 Zbonjkiktntk`g c Z``d vik} ni`gl Dnngl Hnonzikan

Z`nd'F`gtznft I`fntk`g 5 Ah' <;?!32= ( Ah' <;;!22= /| bxfb}tk`gv+ Jzl{'

Hnri`gl) Fntjni`lng Fkt{Jzkbc Dbvfzk}tk`gVf`}b `c \`za 5 >=4 /n+ Bhjngahbgt

2=3 ( Vt`gb Hnv`gz{

3== /6j+ ( Lrnzdznki /Bgd ]kbfbv+3=> ( F`gfzbtb \`zavV}' K ( Vncbt{ ngd Obnito c`z F`gvtzrftk`gV}' KK ( Jkiij`nzdV}' KKK '( H`jkikuntk`gDbh`jkikuntk`g

N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ 5 ] >);=<)?43'?2F`gtznft Drzntk`g 5 :; Fnibgdnz dn{vF`vt c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv 5 ] 2)==='==

KS' F`gtznf t KD 5 >: KA ==6=F`gtznft Gnhb 5 Zb}nkzZbonj'Kh}z`sbhbgt `c `c Vng Erngkf` (

Jnvb{ ( Vò`t`g Z`ndF`gtznft I`fntk`g 5 A@ ?;3!/(>>:2+ ( A@ ;=?!::: /| bxfb}tk`gv+ Jzl{'

Vng ]bdz` ‖ ]`j' Jnvb{) VnhnzJzkbc Dbvfzk}tk`gVf`}b `c \`za 5 >=>/:+ ( Zbh`sni `c F`gfzbtb Dznkgnlb Vtzrftrzb

>=> /:+ f ( Zbh`sni `c ZF]F /63‘ß+ ( ;>=hh>=> /6+ ( Zbh`sni c Bxkvtkgl ]FF]) =':6h' toa /c`zZbji`fakgl+>=6n ( Vtzrftrzb `c Bxfnsntk`g>=4n ( Bhjngahbgt:=>/>+ ( Nllzblntb Jnvb F`rzvb /c`z Zbji`fakgl+6=: ( Jktrhkg`rv Tznfa F`gt'6>=/n+ ( Jktrhkg`rv F`gfzbtb Vrzcnfb F`rzvb/2=hh+6>>/>+ ( ]`ztingd Fbhbgt F`gfzbtb ]nsbhbgt'=':6h toa4=4/:+ ( Zbkgc`zfkgl Vtbbi Jnz) Lzndb 4= /Hkg`zVtzrftrzb+4=2 ( Vtzrftrzni F`gfzbtb Finvv‘ N‘2==/6+ ( ZF]F /63‘ß+ ‖ ;>=hh2=2/j+ ( Lz`rtbd Zk}zn}3=6/6n+ ( Hbtni Lrnzdznkiv' /Hbtni Jbnh+ Kgfirdkgl]`vt3=2 ( Z`nd Vklgv

3>:/>+ ( Zbbft`zkubd Tobzh`}invtkf ]nsbhbgtHnzakglv /\oktb+3>:/:+ ( Zbbft`zkubd Tobzh`}invtkf ]nsbhbgtHnzakglv /[bii`|+3>6 ( D]\O Vtngdnzd ]zèbft Jkiij`nzdV}fi' > ( F`gfzbtb FznfavE`kgt VbnikglV}fi' : ( F`gvtzrftk`g Vncbt{ ngd ObnitoV}fi' 6 ( ]z`skvk`gv c`z ]nvvnlb c Tzncf ngd TzncfF`gtzìV}fi 4 ‖ H`jkikuntk`gDbh`jkikuntk g

N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+ 5 ] :<)62;);<='==F`gtznft Drzntk`g 5 >:= Fnibgdnz dn{vF`vt c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv 5 ] :=)==='==

>' Tob D]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Fntjni`lng Fkt{) toz`rlo tob C[:=>6 LNN kgtbgdv t` N}}i{ tob vrh nj`sb vtntbd jbkgl tob N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tobF`gtznft /NJF+ t` }n{hbgtv rgdbz tob F`gtznft c`z tob nj`sb hbgtk`gbd F`gtznftv' Jkdvzbfbksbd kg bxfbvv c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd nt jkd } bgkgl'

:' Tob D]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Fntjni`lng Fkt{ g`| kgsktbv jkdvc`z tob nj`sbhbgtk`gbd dbvfzk}tk`g `c |`zav' F`h}ibte`g `c tob |`zav kv zb~rkzbd c`ztob nj`sb vtntbd f`gtznft drzntk`g' Jkddbzv vo`rid onsb f`h}ibtbd |ktokg tbg />=+ {bnzvcz`h tob dntb `c vrjhkvvk`g ngd zbfbk}t `c jkdv' n f`gtznft vkhkinz t` tob }zèbft' Tobdbvfzk}tk`g `c ng biklkjib jkddbz kv f`gtnkgbd kg tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kgVbftk`g KK Kgvtzrftk`g t` Jkddbzv'

6' Jkddkgl |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo `}bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbv rvkglg`gwdkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzk`g kg tob biklkjkikt{ Fobfa ngd ]zbikhkgnz{ bxnhkgntk`g`c Jkdv nv v}bfkbd kg tob Kh}ibhbgt kgl Zribv ngd Zblrintk`gv /KZZ+ `c Zb}rjikf Nft;>?4 /ZN ;>?4+) tobz|kvb ag`|g nv tob ‟‘L`sbzghbgt ]z`frzbhbgt Zbc`zh Nft‘'

Jkddkgl kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg` fktkubgvvìb }z`}zkbt`zvok}v) }nztgbzvok}v) zlngkuntk`gv`z e`kgt sbgtrzb |kto nt ibnvt vbsbgt{ sb }bzfbgt /<2"+ kgtbzbvt `z `rtvtngdkgl fn}ktnivt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv c tob ]okik}}kgbv'

4' F`gtznft`zvn}}ikfntk`gv |o` nzb kgtbzbvtbd kg tob D]\O Fkski | zav nzb zb~rkzbd t`zblkvtbz }zk`z t` tob vbt vfobdribd `z vrjhkvvk`g `c jkd |okib to`vb nizbnd{ zblkvtbzbdvonii abb} tobkz zbf`zdv frzz bgt ngd r}dntbd' F`gtznft`z‛v biklkjkikt{ t` jkd g tob }zèbft|kii jb dbtbzhkgbd rvkgl tob D]\O F`gtznft ]zìb Biklkjkikt{ ]z`fbvv /F]B]+ ngdvrjebft t` crztobz }`vt(~rnikfntk`g' Kgc`zhntk`g g zblkvtzntk`g fng jb `jtnkgbd nt D]\O|bjvktb |||'d}|o'l`s'}o ' Kgtbzbvztbd jkddbzv hn{ `jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g cz`hD]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb' Fntjni`lng Fkt{ ngd kgv}bft tob JkddkglD`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvv jbi`| cz`h ?5==N'H' ( 25== ]'H'

2' N Frzzbgt vbt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd j{ kgtbzbtbd Jkddbzv cz`h tobnddzbvv jbi`| ngd r}`g ]n{hbgt c n g`gzbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv kgtob nh`rgt' vtntbd nj`sb' Kvvrngfb c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv |kii jb g @ft`jbz :2):=>: t G`sbhjbz :<) :=>:)

Kt hn{ niv` jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb c tob ]okik}}kgbv L`sbzghbgtBibftz`gkf ]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb `c tob ]z`frzkgl Bgtkt{)}z`skdbd tont jkddbzv vonii }n{ tob cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv g`t intbz tong tobvrjhkvvk`g `c tobkz jkdv'

3' Tob D]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Fntjni`lng Fkt{ |kii oìd n ]zb(JkdF`gcbzbgfb `g @ft`jbz 6=) :=>: nt ;5== N)H' nt tob JNF @cfb' D]\O' Vnhnz iiDkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb1) Fntjni`lng Fkt{ |okfo vonii jb `}bg `gi{ t` nii kgtbzbvtbd}nztkbv |o` onsb }rzfonvbd tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv)

<' Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t tob nddzbvv jbi`| `g `z jbc`zb G`sbhjbz :<):=>: nt;5== N'H' nt tob JNF @cfb' D]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb' Fntjni`lngFkt{) Nii jkdv hrvt jb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ c tob nffb}tnjib c`zhv ngdkg tob nh`rgt) vtntbd kg tob KTJ Finrvb >?'

Jkdv |kii jb }bgbd g G`sbhjbz ><) :=>: nt :5== ]'H' kg tob }zbvbgfb c tob Jkddbz‛vzb}zbvbgtntksbv |o` fo``vb t` nttbgd nt tob nddzbvv jbi`|' Intb jkdv vonii g`t jbnffb}tbd'

?' T` jkd c`z tokv f`gtznft) n f`gtznft`z hrvt vrjhkt n Gbt Ckgngfkni F`gtznftkgl Fn}nfkt{nt ibnvt b~rni t` NJF `z Fzbdkt Ikgb F`hhkthbgt nt ibnvt b~rni t` >=" `c NJF jbc`zbdz`}}kgl `c jkdv' Jkddbzv vonii ikab|kvb vrjhkt tobkz jkdv toz`rlo tobkz dri{ nrto`zkubdIknv`g @cfbzv `gi{ nv v}bfkbd kg tob F`gtznft`z‛v Kgc`zhntk`g /FK+' Vrjhkvvk`g `c Ibttbz c Kgtbgt /I@K+ kv g` i`glbz zb~rkzbd t` }nztkfk}ntb kg tob jkddkgl }bz D'@' G`' 34)Vbzkbv `c :=>:'

;' Tob D]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) Fntjni`lng Fkt{ zbvbzsbv tob zklott` nffb}t z zbebft ng{ jkd) t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv ngd t` z bebft nt ng{ tkhb }zk`z t`f`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ z jiklntk`g t` tob nccbftbd jkddbz`z jkddbzv'

>=' C`z crztobz kgc`zhntk`g) }ibnvb zbcbz t`5

GBVT@Z K' HNTB) H]HBglkgbbz KKK(Fokbc F`gvt' Vbftk`g/JNF Fonkzhng+

Nttbgtk`g5Obnd) JNF VbfzbtnzkntJNF @cfb) D]\O Vnhnz KK Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbFntjni`lng Fkt{

/Vld'+ GBVT@Z K' HNTB) H]HBglkgbbz KKK(Fokbc F`gvt' Vbftk`g

/JNF Fonkzhng+

G@TBD5

C`z kg tob njvbgfb `c tob Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbz

/Vld'+ FNZHBI@ F' ]BZBUBglkgbbz KKK

GBVT@Z I' ]NLNVNZT@GLNDkvtzkft Bglkgbbz


DB]NZTHBGT @C ]RJIKF \@ZAV NGD OKLO\N[V

FBJR 3TODKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZKGL @CCKFBN'F' F`ztbv Nsbgrb) Hngdnrb Fkt{) Fbjr

Tbi' G`' 2(:=:=(44

JKD JRIIBTKG G@' :=>:(==<Vbzkbv `c :=>:

Vrjebft5 Nhbgdhbgtv Kg tob N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+) Vf`}b`c \`zav) F`gtznft KD Grhjbzv) ngd tob Vrjhkvvk`g `c Ibttbzv `c Kgtbgt /I@K+

nv db}kftbd kg Hbh`zngdrh dntbd G`sbhjbz >2):=>: c tob Vbfzbtnz{( O`g) Z`lbii` I' Vkglv`g

Tokv kv t` g`tkc{ nii }z`v}bftksb jkddbzv nt tob nj`sbhbgtk gbd }zèbftv rgdbz Ndsbztkvb(hbgt G`' >:(==< dntbd G`sbhjbz <) :=>: t` fnzbcrii{ tnab g`tb c ktv f`zzbv}`gdkglfonglbv nv zbbftbd kg tob tnjib' Crztobz) n Ibttbz c Kgtbgt /I@K+ c`z tob }zèbft t` jb}nztkfk}ntbd hrvt jb vrjhkttbd nv db}kftbd kg tob Hbh`zngdrh `c Ong' Z`lbik` I'Vkglv`g) t` dbcbz tob kh}ibhbgtntk`g c Vbftk`g F'6 c Db}nzthbgt@zdbz G`' 34 dntbd Vb}tbhjbz >< ) :=>:'

Dbndikgb c`z tob vrjhkvvk`g `c I@K 5 G`sbhjbz :3) :=>:M >:5==}h /JNTFO > #JNTFO :+

JNTFO > />:OG==22) >:OG==2<) >:OG==2?) >:OG==3:+

F`gtznft KD Gnhb Cz`h T

>:OG==22 \kdbgkgl `c Gntk`gniZ`nd nt Fbjr G`zto Onlgn{n\onzc Z`nd) F`gvìnfk`g) FbjrA==>6!23= ( A==>4!2=2 /]z`(}`vbd c`z ZbniklghbgtH`dkfntk`gt` Kh}z`sbhbgt `c Gntk`gni Z`ndnt FbjrG`zto Ongn{n \onzc Z`nd)F`gvìnfk`g' Fbjr A==>6!23= (A==>4!2=2+

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>:OG==2< \kdbgkgl `c Gntk`gniZ`nd nt Hnftng FkzfrhcbzbgtkniZ`nd) F`zd`sn Vbftk`g' FbjrA==:;! >:2 ( A==6=!6?3 /]z`(}`vbd c`z ZbniklghbgtH`dkfntk`gt` Kh}z`sbhbgt `c Gntk`gni Z`ndnt Hnftng Fkzfrhcbzbgtkni Z`nd)F`zd`sn Vbftk`g) Fbjr A==:;!>:2 ( A==6=!6?3+

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F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 6==Fnibgdnz Dn{v

>:OG==3: Firvtbz _K (Zbonjkiktntk`gZbf`gvtzrftk`g R}lzndkgl `c Dnhnlbd ]nsbdGntk`gni Z`ndv nt Hnftng Fkz(frhcbzbgtkni Z`nd) In}r In}r Fkt{

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F`gtznft KD Gnhb Cz`h T

>:OG==32 Firvtbz _KK ( N+ F`h}ib(tk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vb Jrkidkgl MJzl{' Gnglan' F`gvìnfk`g' FbjrJ+ F`h}ibtk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vbJrkidkgl M Jzl{' ]`jinfk`g) F`z(d`sn) Fbjr

>:OG==32 Firvtbz _KK ( N+F`h}ibtk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vbJrkidkgl M Jzl{' Gnglan' F`g(vìnfk`g' FbjrJ+ F`h}ibtk`g c Hritk( }rz}`vbJrkidkgl M Jzl{' ]`jinfk`g)F`zd`sn) Fbjr

>:OG==32 F`h}ibtk`g `cHritk(}rz}`vb Jrkdkgl M Jzl{'Gnglan) F`gvìnfk`g) Fbjr

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D``zv # \kgd`|vNJF5 ]o}4<;' ?<:'??F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 :2Fnibgdnz Dn{v

>:OG==32 Firvtbz _KK ( N+F`h}ibtk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vb Jrkid(kgl M Jzl{' Gnglan) F`gvìnfk`g)FbjrJ' F`h}ibtk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vbJrkidkgl M Jzl{' ]`jinfk`g) F`z(d`sn) Fbjr

>:OG==32 Firvtbz _KK ( N+F`h}ibtk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vbJrkidkgl M Jzl{' Gnglan) F`g(vìnfk`g) FbjrJ' F`h}ibtk`g c Hritk(}rz} vbJrkidkgl M Jzl{' ]`jinfk`g)F`zd`sn) Fbjr

>:OG==33 F`h}ibtk`g `cHritk(}rz}`vb Jrkidkgl MM Jzl{' ]`jinfk`g) F`zd`sn)Fbjr

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>:OG==33 F`gvtzrftk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vb Jrkidkgl nt Jzl{' Jnakikd)Hngdnrb Fkt{) Fbjr

>:OG==33 F`gvtzrftk`g `cHritk(}rz}`vb Jrkidkgl nt Jzl{'Jnakikd) Hngdnrb Fkt{) Fbjr

NJF ]o}:)===)==='==

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>:OG==3< F`gfzbtkgl `c Z`ndnt Jzl{' @}n`) Hngdnrb Fkt{/]z`}`vbd c`z H`dkfntk`g t`Nv}onitkgl `c Z`nd nt Jzl{'@}n` Hngdnrb Fkt{ |kto Dznkg(nlb Cnfkiktkbv+

>:OG==3? F`gfzbtkgl `c Z`ndnt Jzl{' @}n`) Hngdnrb Fkt{/]z`}`vbd c`z H`dkfntk`g t`Nv}onitkgl `c Z`nd nt Jzl{'@}n` Hngdnrb Fkt{ |kto Dznkg(nlb Cnfkiktkbv+

>:OG==3?Zb}nkzZbonjkiktntk`gKh}z`sbhbgt`c Hnftng Fkzfrhcbzbgtkni Z`nd)F`zd`sn Vbftk`g' A==:3!4?6 tÀ==:;!::6 |kto bxfb}tk`gv

>:OG==3?Zb}nkzZbonjkiktntk`gKh}z`sb(hbgt `c Hnftng Fkzfrhcbzbg(tkni Z`nd) F`zd`sn Vbftk`g'A==:3!4?6 t A==:;!::6 |ktobxfb}tk`gv

>:OG==3;Zb}nkzZbonjkiktntk`g Kh}z`sb(hbgt `c Hnftng Fkzfrhcbzbg(tkni Z`nd) F`zd`sn Vbftk`g'A==:3!4?6 t A==:;!::6 |ktobxfb}tk`gv

>:OG==3; F`gvtzrftk`g `c Hritk(}rz}`vb Jrkidkgl nt Jzl{' Fnvrgt(kglng) Hngdnrb Fkt{) Fbjr

>:OG==3; F`gvtzrftk`g `cHritk(}rz}`vb Jrkidkgl nt Jzl{'Fnvrgtkglng) Hngdnrb Fkt{)Fbjr

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JNTFO : />:OG==36 t` >:OG==<=+

F`gtznft KD Gnhb Cz`h T`

>:OG==<= F`gvtzrfik`g c Vfo`ìJrkidkgl) Hngdnrb Fki{F`h}zbobgvksb Gntk`gni OkloVfo`ì) Hngdnrb Fkt{

>:OG==<= F`gvtzrfik`g `cVfo`ì Jrkidkgl) Hngdnrb Fki{F`h}zbobgvksb Gntk`gni OkloVfo`ì) Hngdnrb Fkt{

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>:OG==<> F`gvtzrfik`g `cVfo`ì Jrkidkgl) Hngdnrb Fki{F`h}zbobgvksb Gntk`gni OkloVfo`ì) Hngdnrb Fkt{

NJF ]o};??) ==<'==F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 42Fnibgdnz Dn{v

C`z {`rz kgc`zhntk`g ngd lrkdngfb'

/Vld'+ H[ZGN N' DBIN VBZGNJNF Fonkzhng

/HVT(G@S' :3) :=>:+

G @ T K F B

Kgdrvtz{ # Kgsbvthbgtv Jrkidkgl) 6?2 Vbg' Lki E' ]r{nt Nsbgrb) Hnantk Fkt{) ]okik}}kgbvTzrgaikgb5 ?;<(33?:) /K]L+ ?;3(;:>:) /HVL+ ?;3(2>3<) /]NL+ ?;2(6;?6

/KVL+ ?;=(6=23) /CNVD+ ?;=(;6:2/HVT(G`s' :3) :=>:+

G tkfb kv obzbj{ lksbg tont ]ZKHB_ KVIB DB F@F@) KGF' kv n}}i{kgl c z zblkvtzntk`g|kto tob J`nzd c Kgsbvthbgtv /J@K+ nv Gb| Bx}`zt ]z`drfbz `c Skzlkg F`f`grt@ki ngd F`f` Ci rz |kto tob c ii`|kgl nggrni fn}nfktkbv5

Skzlkg F`f`grt @ki ( 6);<: hbtzkf t`gvF`f` Ci rz ( :)=;? hbtzkf t`gv

`g n ]k gbbz vtntrv /jnvbd `g hnlgktrdb `c Kgsbvthbgtv+) |kto }z ebft vktbi`fntbd kg Jzl{' Hnglkinl Vrz) Fngdbinzkn) ^rbu`g'

Ng{ }bzv`g |kto snikd `jebftk gv `g tob nj`sb(hbgtk`gbd }zèbft hn{ ib okvobz `jebftk`g kg |zktkgl) rgdbz `nto) |kto tob J@K |ktokg tozbb /6+ dn{v cz`h tob dntb ctokv }rjikfntk`g}`vtkgl'

/Vld'+ GBVT@Z ]' NZFNGVNIKGDkzbft z

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Z`nd) HE Oìdkgl Jidl')Nihngun Inv ]kþnv NfhbJidl') Zbni Vt') Inv ]kþnvngd Nfhb ]n|gvo`}Kgf' LC Vng Jnztì`hbForzfo Jidl') Hninj`gFkt{) nt >56= }h1 Rgkt6 ]nzaibn Jidl') Bdvn)Von| Jisd') Hngdnir{`glFkt{) Fkzfib F L>4) & ><F`glzbvvk`gni Nsb') Jnon{T`z`) D>) ^rbu`g Fkt{ nt:56=}h' Nii ktbhv }n|gbdHn{ >3) :=>: t` Ergb >2):=>:' V`gv `c IngrunNrftk`gbbz'/HVT(G`s' :3) :=>:+


Db}nzthbgt c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{vF`zdkiibzn Ndhkgkvtzntksb Zblk`g

JNLRK@ FKT[ DKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZKGL @CCKFB

@CCKFB @C TOB DKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZBglkgbbz‛v Okii) Jnlrk` Fkt{

Tbi' G`' 44:(?>;2 Cnx G`' /=<4+ 44:(?>;2

/HVT(G`s' :3) :=>:+

KGSKTNTK@G T@ JKDTob Jkdv ngd N|nzdv F`hhkttbb /JNF+ `c tob D]\O ‖ Jnlrk` Fkt{ Dkvtzkft

Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb kgsktbv f`gtznft`zv t` jkd c`z tob nc`zbhbgtk`gbd }zèbftv5

V`rzfb `c Crgd5 L@] toz`rlo LNN :=>:>' F`gtznft KD5 >:]D=>=:

F`gtznft Gnhb5 Zbonjkiktntk`gKh}z`sbhbgt c Jnlrk`(Jnrngl Z`nd Ci``dF`gtzì /A@ 6==!=== ‖ A@ 6=:!2== |kto bxfb}tk`g+

F`gtznft I`fntk`g5 Jnlrk` Fkt{Vf`}b `c \`za5 ]k}b frisbztv # HngoìbN}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+5 ]o} 2)=6<):<?'4=F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 ;= fnibgdnz dn{vF`vt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv5 ]o} >=)==='==V`rzfb `c Crgd5 L@] toz`rlo LNN :=>:

:' F`gtznft KD5 >:]D=>=6F`gtznft Gnhb5 Nv}onit @sbzin{ ni`gl Akvnd Z`nd A@:4;!:62(

A@:4;!6>2F`gtznft I`fntk`g5 Jnlrk` Fkt{Vf`}b `c \`za5 Nv}onit @sbzin{ /O`t Nv}onit+N}}z`sbd Jrdlbt c`z tob F`gtznft /NJF+5 ]o} >):;?);6='<:F`gtznft Drzntk`g5 6 fnibgdnz dn{vF`vt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv5 ]o} 2)==='==

Jkdv zbfbksbd kg bxfbvv c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd nt jkd }bgkgl'

Jkddbzv vo`rid onsb f`h}ibtbd) |ktokg tbg />=+ {bnzv cz`h tob dntb c vrjhkvvk`gngd zbfbk}t c jkdv) n f`gtznft vkhkinz t` tob ]zèbft' Tob dbvfzk}tk`g c ng biklkjib jkddbzkv f`gtnkgbd kg tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kg Vbftk`g KK' Kgvtzrftk`gv t` Jkddbzv'

Jkddkgl |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo }bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbv rvkgl g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzk`g nv v}bfkbd kg tob Kh}ibhbgtkgl Zribv ngd Zblrintk`gv/KZZ+ `c Zb}rjikf Nft ;>?4 /ZN ;>?4+) `tobz|kvb ag`|g nv tob ’L`sbzghbgt ]z`frzbhbgtZbc`zh Nft‘'

Jkddkgl kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg` fktkubgvvìb }z`}zkbt zvok}v) }nztgbzvok}v) `z`zlngkuntk`gv |kto nt ibnvt vbsbgt{ sb }bzfbgt /<2"+ kgtbzbvt `z `rtvtngdkgl fn}ktnivt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv `c tob ]okik}}kgbv'

Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv hn{ jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g cz`h D]\O(Jnlrk` Fkt{ DkvtzkftBglkgbbzkgl @cfb ngd kgv}bft tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvv lksbg jbi`| cz`h?5== n'h' ‖ 25== }'h'

N f`h}ibtb vbt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd j{ kgtbzbvtbd Jkddbzvcz`h tob nddzbvv jbi`| ngd r}`g }n{hbgt `c n g`gzbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob JkddkglD`frhbgtv nv kgdkfntbd'

Kt hn{ niv` jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb `c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb `c tob ]okik}}kgbL`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf ]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb `c tob ]z`frzkglBgtkt{) }z`skdbd tont jkddbzv vonii }n{ tob cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv g`t intbz tongtob vrjhkvvk`g `c tobkz jkdv'

Tob D]\O(Jnlrk` Fkt{ Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb |kii oìd n ]zb(Jkd F`gcbzbgfb `g Dbfbhjbz 6) :=>: nt >=5== n'h' nt tob D]\O(Jnlrk` Fkt{ Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbF`gcbzbgfb Onii |okfo vonii jb }bg gi{ t` nii kgtbzbvtbd }nztkbv |o` onsb }rzfonvbdtob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv'

Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t` tob nddzbvv jbi`| `g `z jbc`zb Dbfbhjbz ><) :=>: nt >=5== n'h' nt D]\O(Jnlrk` Fkt{ Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb' Nii jkdv hrvt jbnff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ c tob nffb}tnjib c`zhv ngd kg tob nh`rgt vtntbdkg KTJ Finrvb >?'

Jkdv |kii jb `}bgbd `g Dbfbhjbz ><) :=>: nt :5== }'h' nt D]\O( Jnlrk` Fkt{Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb kg tob }zbvbgfb `c tob jkddbzv‛ zb}zbvbgtntksbv |o` fo``vbt` nttbgd nt tob nddzbvv jbi`|' Intb jkdv vonii g`t jb nffb}tbd'

Tob D]\O(Jnlrk` Fkt{ Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t `z zbebft ng{ jkd) t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv nt ng{ tkhb }zk`z t`f`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbd jkddbz `z jkddbzv'


G`zn Z' dbi`v Vngt`vD]\O(Jnlrk` Fkt{ Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbBglkgbbz‛v Okii) Jnlrk` Fkt{Tbibcnx G`' /=<4+ 44:(?>;2d}|o'jfdb`'jnfMlhnki'f`h

N}}z`sbd j{5

/Vld'+ LKI I' G^RBBglkgbbz KKK

JNF Fonkzhng

G`tbd j{5

/Vld'+ KZBGB@ V' LNIINT@Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbz

/HVT(G`s' >; # :3) :=>:+


Db}nzthbgt c ]rjikf \`zav ngd Oklo|n{v@CCKFB @C TOB DKVTZKFT BGLKGBBZ

Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb

]`jinfk`g) Dninlrbtb ) Fbjr

Tbi' G`' /=6:+ 4?4(?4>> t` >4) Cnx & 4?4(?4>=

Tob Q D]\O) Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbX ) toz`rlo tob Q :==;(Fninhkt{CrgdX kgtbgdv t` n}}i{ tob vrh Q ]o} 66)<<2)==='==X jbkgl tob N}}z`sbd Jrdlbtc`z tob F`gtznft / NJF+ t` }n{hbgtv rgdbz tob f`gtznft c`z Q =>:(OL(>>>( Zb}nkz ngd Zbonjkiktntk`g `c Z`ndvkdb ]z`tbftk`g Vtzrftrzbv ni`gl Gntnik` Jnfniv`Nsbgrb Jìe``g(Vngtngdbz Vbftk`g ngd ni`gl Vngtngdbz(Jnzkik(Tìbd`Z`ndX' Jkdv zbfbksbd kg bxfbvv c tob NJF vonii jb nrt`hntkfnii{ zbebftbd nt jkd`}bgkgl'

Tob QD]\O) Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbX g`| kgsktbv tob jkdv c`zQZb}nkz ngd Zbonjkiktntk`g c Z`ndvkdb ]z`tbftk`g Vtzrftrzbv ni`gl Gntnik`Jnfniv` Nsbgrb Jìe``g(Vngtngdbz Vbftk`g ngd ni`gl Vngtngdbz(Jnzkik(Tìbd` Z`ndX' F`h}ibtk`g `c tob \`zav kv zb~rkzbd Q >42 Fnibgdnz Dn{vX'Jkddbzv vo`rid onsb f`h}ibtbd) |ktokg tbg />=+ {bnzv cz`h tob dntb `c vrjhkvvk`gngd zbfbk}t `c jkdv) n f`gtznft vkhkinz t` tob ]zèbft' Tob dbvfzk}tk`g `c ngbiklkjib jkddbz kv f`gtnkgbd kg tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv) }nztkfrinzi{) kg Vbftk`g KK'

Kgvtzrftk`g t` Jkddbzv'

Jkddkgl |kii jb f`gdrftbd toz`rlo tob `}bg f`h}btktksb jkddkgl }z`fbdrzbvrvkgl g`g(dkvfzbtk`gnz{ }nvvcnki fzktbzk`g nv v}bfkbd kg tob Kh}ibhbgtkgl Zribvngd Zblrintk`gv /KZZ+ c Zb}rjikf Nft ;>?4 /ZN;>?4+) tobz|kvb ag`|g nv tob’L`sbzghbgt ]z`frzbhbgt Zbc`zh Nft'‘

Jkddkgl kv zbvtzkftbd t` Ckik}kg` fktkubgvìb }z`}zkbt`zvok}v) }nztgbzvok}v) `z`zlngkuntk`gv |kto nt ibnvt vbsbgt{ sb }bzfbgt /<2 "+ kgtbzbvt `z `rtvtngdkglfn}ktni vt`fa jbi`glkgl t` fktkubgv `c tob ]okik}}kgbv'

Kgtbzbvtbd jkddbzv hn{ jtnkg crztobz kgc`zhntk`g cz`h QD]\O) Fbjr 4to DkvtzkftBglkgbbzkgl @cfbX ngd kgv}bft tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv nt tob nddzbvv lksbgjbi`| cz`h Q?5== N'H ‖ 25== ]'HX'

N f`h}ibtb vbt `c Jkddkgl D`frhbgtv hn{ jb }rzfonvbd j{ kgtbzbvtbd Jkddbzvcz`h tob nddzbvv jbi`| ngd r}`g }n{hbgt c n g`gzbcrgdnjib cbb c`z tob JkddkglD`frhbgtv kg tob nh`rgt `c Q]o} :=)==='== X'

Kt hn{ niv` jb d`|gi`ndbd czbb `c fonzlb cz`h tob |bjvktb `c tob ]okik}}kgbL`sbzghbgt Bibftz`gkf ]z`frzbhbgt V{vtbh /]okiLB]V+ ngd tob |bjvktb c tob]z`frzkgl Bgtkt{) }z`skdbd tont jkddbzv vonii }n{ tob cbb c`z tob Jkddkgl D`frhbgtvg`t intbz tont tob vrjhkvvk`g `c tobkz jkdv'

Tob QD]\O) Fbjr 4 to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cckfbX |kii oìd n ]zb(JkdF`gcbzbgfb g QG`sbhjbz :6) :=>:(:5== ]'HX nt QD]\O) Fbjr 4to F`gcbzbgfbZ``h) ]`jinfk`g) Dninlrbtb) FbjrX) |okfo vonii jb `}bg t` nii kgtbzbvtbd

}nztkbv'

Jkdv hrvt jb dbiksbzbd t` tob nddzbvv jbi`| `g `z jbc`zb Q Dbfbhjbz 6) :=>: ‖ >=5== N'HX nt QD]\O) Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb) ]`jinfk`g)Dninlrbtb) FbjrX' Nii jkdv hrvt jb nff`h}ngkbd j{ n jkd vbfrzkt{ kg ng{ c tobnffb}tnjib c`zhv ngd kg tob nh`rgt vtntbd kg KTJ Finrvb >?'

Jkd `}bgkgl vonii jb `g QDbfbhjbz 6) :=>: ‖ :5== ]'HX nt QD]\O) Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbX' Jkdv |kii jb }bgbd kg tob }zbvbgfb c tob jkddbzv‛zb}zbvbgtntksbv |o` fo``vb t` nttbgd nt tob nddzbvv jbi`|' Intb jkdv vonii g`tjb nffb}tbd'

F`gtznft`zv |o` |kii jb dz`}}kgl tobkz jkdv c`z tob zvt tkhb kg D]\O) Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfb hrvt vrjhkt n fbztkbd tzrb f`}{ `c tobkz f`h}ng{}zìb' Drzkgl tob vrjhkvvk`g `c jkdv) f`gtznft`zv hrvt vrjhkt n }o`t`f`}{ `c tobkz fzbdkt ikgb ngd e`kgt sbgtrzb nlzbbhbgt c`z biklkjkikt{ bsnirntk`g }rz}`vb'Nttbgdngfb kg ]zb(Jkd F`gcbzbgfb kv n hrvt'

Tob QD]\O) Fbjr 4to Dkvtzkft Bglkgbbzkgl @cfbX zbvbzsbv tob zklot t` nffb}t`z zbebft ng{ jkd) t` nggri tob jkddkgl }z`fbvv) ngd t` zbebft nii jkdv nt ng{ tkhb}zk`z t` f`gtznft n|nzd) |kto`rt tobzbj{ kgfrzzkgl ng{ iknjkikt{ t` tob nccbftbdjkddbz `z jkddbzv'


F@GGKB I' FNJNII@HNZI@G D' HNZ@IING@]`jinfk`g) Dninlrbtb) Fbjr

4?4(?4>44?4(?4>6

/Vld'+ \KIHN J' FNH]@VJNF Fonkzhng

Kgsktntk`g t` Jkd c`z /Zb}nkz ngd Zbonjkiktntk`g c Z`ndvkdb ]z`tbftk`g

Vtzrftrzbv ni`gl Gntnik` Jnfniv` Nsbgrb Jìe``g(Vngtngdbz Vbftk`g

ngd ni`gl Vngtngdbz(Jnzkik(T ibd` Z`nd+

ZBHKGDBZ

HVT Finvvk c kbd Ndvvbftk`g zb~rkzbv n T|` /:+dn{ FRT(@CC ]BZK@D gnii KTJv) JKD JRIIBTKG)G@TKFBV ngd ZB@Kv}zk`z }rjikfntk`g dntb/v+'

Ndv

\`za'

manila standard today -- monday (november 26, 2012) issue

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