mansa musa mali

8/10/2019 Mansa Musa Mali

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Westonian Museum: Rise

and Fall of Empires Exhibit

Mali

By:Ridwan Khan

Akash Malik

Manoj Sreedhara


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Welcome to

the Rise of Mali

The Rise of the Mali Empire came from the fall of theGhana Empire

1235 Sundiata, King of Mali, had his forces defeat

Sumanguru and his forces at the Battle of Kirina Mali Replaced Ghana as the major power in West Africa-

capital at Niana in upper Niger

He became the Mali's national hero


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Balafon of Sumanguru


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Balafon of Sumanguru

This is the balafon, a musical instrument, of Sumanguruthat is said to have magical powers. It is a woodenpercussion instrument. It was found in the ruins ofSumanguru's Kingdom. Sumanguru was called thesorcerer king, which is a reason this balafon is said tohave magical powers. After the fall of the GhanaEmpire, Sumanguru, King of the Sosso, seized KoumbiSaleh capital of Ghana Empire and several other

neighboring people including the Malinka people. Hekilled many Malinkas people,but one person he did notkill was Sundiata, King of Mali.


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Painting of Sundiata


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Painting of Sundiata

This is a preserved painting of the first King ofMali, Sundiata also known as the "LionKing".This shows Sundiata and his famous

pose with his horse and a spear. Sundiatawas important in leading his forces inoverthrowing Sumanguru and creating the

Mali Empire. Sundiata had led his forces tothe Battle of Kirina. He was consideredMali's national hero.


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Spear from Battle of Kirina


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Spear from Battle of Kirina

This is a spear from the Battle of Kirina in 1235-the battlebetween Sundiata and Sumanguru forces.

Spears such as these and other weapons were essential tothe defeat This spear has been found in Kirina in theKoulkura region of Mali and has been preserved in ourexhibit. In 1235 Sundiata, King of Mali, had his forcesdefeat Sumanguru and his forces at the Battle of Kirina.

Mali Replaced Ghana as the major power in West Africa-

capital at Niana in upper Niger. Sundiata took controlof the gold-producing regions and promoted farming.


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We are now at the Height of Mali- In 1307, Mansa Musa came to the throne, and stayed in

power until his death in 1332-1337 (disputed year of death)

- From 1324-25, Mansa Musa took a 3500mile hajj with

thousands of camels to Mecca with gold amounting at

$115million

- After Mansa Musa's trip, opportunities to trade with more

countries opened up to the Mali Empire

P t M


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Pa nt ng o MansaMusa


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Painting of Mansa Musa

This painting depicts Mansa Musa (or Musa I) of Maliholding a gold nugget, painted around 1330, sometimeafter his death.

Mansa Musa, in 1324, took the hajj to Mecca with anestimated $115 million in gold. As a result, thesurrounding area had to inflate prices because of all thenew wealth introduced.

On his way back from Mecca, he claimed Timbuktu as apart of Mali. The mosque he built, the DjinguereberMosque (where this painting was found), still standstoday.


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Copper Ring


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Ring

This copper ring was found outside the copper mines ofTakedda. Copper from Takedda was traded for goldfrom southern Africa during the 14th century.

During the 14th century Mali controlled the coppertrade across the Sahara, but it was usually in bar form;this ring probably belonged to a wealthier Malian.

Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler who visited theempire, noticed that slaves did nearly all the empire's

labor, from mining to farming We inferred without them, the empire would not havehad as much power as it did.


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ni


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Ngoni The ngoni was first noticed by Ibn Battuta in the court

of Mansa Musa. This particular one was found inTaghaza, a city that trades salt to the Mali Empire.

Instruments such as the ngoni are used mainly by griots

who sing stories about events in African history andancestries of people. This was especially important toMalian monarchs because they established andemphasized how superior and powerful the empire is.

Mansa Musa's most important advisor is considered tobe his griot, because he knew everything about theancestors' and what ancient kings did during theirreigns.


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TASBIH


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TASBIH

A tasbih is an object in Islam used to praiseAllah by saying "Allah" and counting each bead.This particular one was found in an unnamedmosque in Djenne of central Mali, and is madeof white jade dating to early 14th century.

The majority of Malians during the 14thcentury converted to Islam because of morecommercial opportunities available to them,

not so much because they believed in Islam Ibn Battuta stated he was shocked by the

women who weren't completely covered and bythe royal poets dancing with feathers and

masks, which violates Islamic beliefs.


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Our Last Stop is

the Fall of Mali

Mali's fall started with the deathof Mansa Musa Mali in 1332

Mali was attacked on all foursides

States within the Mali empire

started to rebel and many gainedindependence from Mali such asGao.


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Palace Mud Brick


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Palace Mud Brick

This mud brick was recovered from Mansa Musa'spalace that was created by a famous architect whoused mud construction techniques.

Mansa Musa brought this architect back to Mali afterhis pilgrimage.

After the death of Mansa Musa which initiated the fallof the empire, artifacts such as this were found fromthe remains of his palace.

This is just one of the multiple rare artifacts that ourmuseum has to offer.


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Terracotta Sculpture


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Terracotta Sculpture This sculpture was found by the Inland Niger Delta, a

region near Djenne.

Djenne was a prosperous city of trade during the MaliEmpire.

When the Mali empire started to decline due to the

death of their leader, Mansa Musa Mali, the empires

surrounding it began invading. Once the Mali Empirecrumbled, the people succeeding it adopted the

techniques used to build sculptures just like these. Even after the downfall of the empire in the 15th

century, the technological advances made by the

people in Mali continued to inspire those followingthe empire.

Our museum has original artifacts such as this that

started the history of terracotta sculptures in other

nations.

Rihl h d il d


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Rihlah- a detailed

travelogue


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Rihlah Description The Rihlah is a travelogue made by an Arab

traveler by the name of Ibn Battuta. In the logue, Ibn Battuta describes the cities to

which he traveled to in the Mali Empire. The

cities are described as rebellious. This logue shows that the cause of the fall of theMali Empire is partially due to the cities italready controls rebelling. These cities such as

Gao rebelled and gained independence causingthe Mali empire to slowly lose territories. This travelogue is a priceless artifact that holds

many secrets of Mali's history and can only be

found in our splendid Museum.


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Bibliography

"Collapse: Mali & Songhai." Collapse: Mali & Songhai. N.p., n.d. Web. 25Nov. 2012. .

"Mali Empire and Djenne Figures." Mali Empire and Djenne Figu res. N.p.,

n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.

.

"Mali Empire (ca. 1200- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed."

Mali Emp ire (ca. 1200- ) | The B lack Past: Remembered and Reclaim ed. N.p.,

n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. .

Niane, D.t., G.D. Pickett, D.W. Chappell, and J. Jones. Sundiata: An Epic of

Old Mali. England: Pearson Education Limited, 2006. Print.

"West African Empires: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay." West

Afr ican Emp ires Rise and Fal l: Ghana, Mali , and Son ghay. N.p., n.d. Web. 25N

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