From Mansa Musa and Islamin Africa to the Mongols

Few classroom strategies are as successful as this simple approach: make learning fun! That, or course, is easier said than done, but when it comes to teaching history contents, the YouTube series Crash Course World History is a great place to start.

The script of each episode is packed with humorous observations about life and culture -- ones that help to make strong points about the history being communicated. Just as importantly, the host, John Green, has what it takes to keep students' interest: enthusiasm about the topics, a quirky way with props, and a funny, sometimes deadpan delivery of content.Students like watching the series, which means they pay attention to it and learn!

Each episode of Crash Course contains about 10 minutes of content plus a brief time for the credits. Episodes are available for free on YouTube at the following playlist address:

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9

If you are new to Crash Course, I encourage you to watch a few videos as soon as you can. I expect you'll be just as enthusiastic about the classroom possibilities as I am!

For each episode in this packet, three resources are provided:

A student worksheet without timestamps A student worksheet with timestamps showing at which point in the

video the needed information is presented A full context answer key. This contains the student questions, the

answer (sometimes annotated with additional information), and the timestamps for each question.

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Each worksheet focuses on a single episode of Crash Course World History and typically contains between 10 and 20 items for students to complete. Worksheet format varies to keep student engagement high: some are mainly free response questions, while others review the content through a true/false approach.

All questions are presented in video order so that students can easily follow along, but these worksheets are not mere outlines that merely ask students to generate their own notes. Instead, they focus in on certain key issues that students watching the videos should master in order to have a clear and concise understanding of the topic under study.

Only a teacher knows what constitutes best use for a particular class, but I always find it helpful to see what creative approaches other teachers are using. Here are some good options for these worksheets.

Standard use: Print off copies and have students complete them as they watch the video. Or send the copies electronically so students can complete them on tablet/laptop devices, if that is an option in your setting. Go over answers out loud if time permits (great for discussing/debriefing the video content) or collect papers to grade them more formally.

Accommodate students who claim that the worksheets "go too fast:" Assign students to do only the evens or only the odds. After watching the video, pair students up to discuss and fill in missing answers.

Create basic and advanced levels from the same worksheet: This is easily done by declaring that the "basic" level is odds-only (or evens- only) while the "advanced" level consists of all the questions. Encourage students to challenge themselves to do the advanced level by offering extra credit or by announcing that the basic level can only earn a C at best, but A and B grades are available at the advanced level.

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Run a game show: Have students watch the video carefully and take notes. Form groups afterwards and have them pool their notes, briefly discussing the whole video. Pass out the worksheets only AFTER this discussion and have each group fill out one collaboratively. Go over the answers out loud, calling on groups to respond. This option means making fewer copies: one per group instead of one per student.

Run a multi-round game show: Print out only one copy of the worksheet and cut it apart to make question strips. Have students watch the video carefully and take notes. Form groups afterwards and have them pool their notes, briefly discussing the whole video. Ask the questions out loud, handing the question slip used to the group that first supplies the correct answer. In this way the question strips become a point counter to keep track of group progress. After all questions have been used, have each group ask each of their questions of the other groups -- this provides an additional level of review and gives groups a chance to recoup points they missed on the first round. This option means making only a single copy!

My personal favorite -- Let students self-assess their learning: Print out one worksheet per student, but hang onto them until students have finished watching the video. Then pass them out and have students work in pairs or individually to see how much they remember. Have the class watch the video a second time so they can fill in anything they missed, still possibly working in pairs. Finally, go over the material aloud to review with the class and let them fill in the blanks.

Use worksheets as a traditional quiz: As above, but collect papers for grading before going over the items aloud.

I am sure there are many more fun and engaging ways to use these worksheets, but I do hope that you find them useful and that the video series helps you keep student interest in history high throughout the year.

Happy teaching,

Elise Parker- 5 -

TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Africa is so big that you can fit India, China, and almost all of the U.S. inside it at the same time.

2. “Sub-Saharan” means inside the Sahara Desert.

3. Mansa Musa was a king who ruled Mali, an empire located in West Africa.

4. Mansa Musa is famous among Muslims because he ignored hisreligion’s requirement that he make the hajj.

5. Although Mansa Musa was well-known in Africa, Europeans did not learn about him until two centuries after his death.

6. Despite Mansa Musa’s wealth, his kingdom of Mali was tiny, spanningonly a few dozen miles.

7. Salt is arguably more valuable than gold.

8. In West Africa, Islam became the religion of the upper classes; they were ruling over populations that were generally non-Muslim.

9. Mali, in fact, was the first empire established in Africa.

10. Mansa Musa and his successor made efforts to promote Islam in Mali.

11. Ibn Battuta is famous for having traveled incredible distances for a man of his time period.

12. Some historians believe that traders from Mali actually traveled all the way to the Americas.

13. If various groups of people share a language and religion and they trade with one another, it is valid to consider them as having the same culture.

14. Hunter-gatherers in East Africa stand out in world history because they maintained their traditional life-style even after agriculture was introduced into their region.

15. For a long time, historians refused to believe that Africans themselves had established the cities in East Africa, a point of view that was basically racist.

16. Swahili trade was relatively unsophisticated since they were only trading small items that were easy to transport.

17. African history demonstrates that you need to look at a lot of sources from different places to get a fuller picture of the past.

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TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Africa is so big that you can fit India, China, and almost all of the U.S. inside it at the same time. (0:20)

2. “Sub-Saharan” means inside the Sahara Desert. (0:43)

3. Mansa Musa was a king who ruled Mali, an empire located in West Africa. (1:36)

4. Mansa Musa is famous among Muslims because he ignored hisreligion’s requirement that he make the hajj. (1:48)

5. Although Mansa Musa was well-known in Africa, Europeans did not learn about him until two centuries after his death. (2:24)

6. Despite Mansa Musa’s wealth, his kingdom of Mali was tiny, spanningonly a few dozen miles. (3:31)

7. Salt is arguably more valuable than gold. (3:50)

8. In West Africa, Islam became the religion of the upper classes; they were ruling over populations that were generally non-Muslim. (4:32)

9. Mali, in fact, was the first empire established in Africa. (4:50)

10. Mansa Musa and his successor made efforts to promote Islam in Mali. (5:04)

11. Ibn Battuta is famous for having traveled incredible distances for a man of his time period. (6:03)

12. Some historians believe that traders from Mali actually traveled all the way to the Americas. (6:25)

13. If various groups of people share a language and religion and they trade with one another, it is valid to consider them as having the same culture. (7:19)

14. Hunter-gatherers in East Africa stand out in world history because they maintained their traditional life-style even after agriculture was introduced into their region. (7:38)

15. For a long time, historians refused to believe that Africans themselves had established the cities in East Africa, a point of view that was basically racist. (8:02)

16. Swahili trade was relatively unsophisticated since they were only trading small items that were easy to transport. (8:51)

17. African history demonstrates that you need to look at a lot of sources from different places to get a fuller picture of the past. (9:47)

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TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Africa is so big that you can fit India, China, and almost all of the U.S. inside it at the same time.TRUE (0:20)

2. “Sub-Saharan” means inside the Sahara Desert.FALSE -- it means south of the Sahara Desert. (0:43)

3. Mansa Musa was a king who ruled Mali, an empire located in West Africa.TRUE (1:36)

4. Mansa Musa is famous among Muslims because he ignored hisreligion’s requirement that he make the hajj.FALSE -- He went to Mecca, taking along with him thousands of people and 100 camel-loads of gold. (1:48)

5. Although Mansa Musa was well-known in Africa, Europeans did not learn about him until two centuries after his death.FALSE -- Venetian merchants saw him during his travels and spread stories in Europe about his fabulous wealth. (2:24)

6. Despite Mansa Musa’s wealth, his kingdom of Mali was tiny, spanningonly a few dozen miles.FALSE -- it reached from the coast to hundreds of miles into the interior of Africa (3:31)

7. Salt is arguably more valuable than gold.TRUE (3:50)

8. In West Africa, Islam became the religion of the upper classes; they were ruling over populations that were generally non-Muslim. TRUE (4:32)

9. Mali, in fact, was the first empire established in Africa.FALSE -- Ghana probably was. (4:50)

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10. Mansa Musa and his successor made efforts to promote Islam in Mali.TRUE (5:04)

11. Ibn Battuta is famous for having traveled incredible distances for a man of his time period.TRUE (6:03)

12. Some historians believe that traders from Mali actually traveled all the way to the Americas.TRUE (6:25)

13. If various groups of people share a language and religion and they trade with one another, it is valid to consider them as having the same culture.TRUE (7:19)

14. Hunter-gatherers in East Africa stand out in world history because they maintained their traditional life-style even after agriculture was introduced into their region.FALSE -- They converted to an agricultural life-style. (7:38)

15. For a long time, historians refused to believe that Africans themselves had established the cities in East Africa, a point of view that was basically racist.TRUE (8:02)

16. Swahili trade was relatively unsophisticated since they were only trading small items that were easy to transport.FALSE -- they were trading timber, which indicates a level of sophistication since it is difficult to transport. (8:51)

17. African history demonstrates that you need to look at a lot of sources from different places to get a fuller picture of the past.TRUE (9:47)

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1. The Romans took 400 years to conquer the lands that made up their huge empire. How long did it take the Mongols to capture even more land?

2. What were the Mongols famous for when it came to religion?

3. How do nomads migrate?

4. Why do nomads almost always live near settlements?

5. Why did the Mongols tend to have a more equal view of women than was generally true of other cultures at this time?

6. What two skills did the Mongols get really good at while they remained on the outskirts of the Siberian forest?

7. What individual is considered the “great man” of the Mongols,responsible for them coming to dominate much of Eurasia?

8. How did Temujin first prove his military skills?

9. How did Temujin promote people?

10. How did the Mongols choose their leaders?

11. By the time that Genghis Khan died, his empire stretched from Mongolia all the way to which body of water?

12. List two places that Genghis Khan’s grandsons conquered, expandingthe Mongol Empire even farther.

13. Approximately how many direct descendants of Genghis Khan are living today?

14. Because Genghis Khan didn’t unify all the lands he conquered into one political unit, what was true of these lands when he died?

15. What did the Mongols use in war that meant foot soldiers had no chance against them?

16. How did the Mongols become experts at attacking castles by using siege warfare?

17. Why would cities often surrender to the Mongols as soon as they arrived?

18. The host provided five reasons why the Mongols were awesome. Record at least two of them.

19. Now record at least two of the five reasons given for why the Mongols were not so wonderful.

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1. The Romans took 400 years to conquer the lands that made up their huge empire. How long did it take the Mongols to capture even more land? (0:39)

2. What were the Mongols famous for when it came to religion? (0:55)

3. How do nomads migrate? (1:27)

4. Why do nomads almost always live near settlements? (1:33)

5. Why did the Mongols tend to have a more equal view of women than was generally true of other cultures at this time? (2:03)

6. What two skills did the Mongols get really good at while they remained on the outskirts of the Siberian forest? (2:28)

7. What individual is considered the “great man” of the Mongols,responsible for them coming to dominate much of Eurasia? (2:37)

8. How did Temujin first prove his military skills? (3:03)

9. How did Temujin promote people? (3:12)

10. How did the Mongols choose their leaders? (3:51)

11. By the time that Genghis Khan died, his empire stretched from Mongolia all the way to which body of water? (4:08)

12. List two places that Genghis Khan’s grandsons conquered, expandingthe Mongol Empire even farther. (4:34)

13. Approximately how many direct descendants of Genghis Khan are living today? (5:12)

14. Because Genghis Khan didn’t unify all the lands he conquered into one political unit, what was true of these lands when he died? (5:41)

15. What did the Mongols use in war that meant foot soldiers had no chance against them? (6:08)

16. How did the Mongols become experts at attacking castles by using siege warfare? (6:35)

17. Why would cities often surrender to the Mongols as soon as they arrived? (6:53)

18. The host provided five reasons why the Mongols were awesome. Record at least two of them. (8:29)

19. Now record at least two of the five reasons given for why the Mongols were not so wonderful. (10:00)

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1. The Romans took 400 years to conquer the lands that made up their huge empire. How long did it take the Mongols to capture even more land?25 years (0:39)

2. What were the Mongols famous for when it came to religion?Their tolerance for other religions (0:55)

3. How do nomads migrate?According to climate conditions so that they can feed their flocks/ Not randomly (1:27)

4. Why do nomads almost always live near settlements?They need to trade since they do not manufacture goods for themselves. (1:33)

5. Why did the Mongols tend to have a more equal view of women than was generally true of other cultures at this time?Both men and women needed to work for the culture to survive; this meant that there was less domination of women / more respect for them. (2:03)

6. What two skills did the Mongols get really good at while they remained on the outskirts of the Siberian forest?Archery and riding horses (2:28)

7. What individual is considered the “great man” of the Mongols, responsible for them coming to dominate much of Eurasia? Genghis Khan (2:37)

8. How did Temujin first prove his military skills?By rescuing his kidnapped wife, Borte. (3:03)

9. How did Temujin promote people?Based on merit (3:12)

10. How did the Mongols choose their leaders?By a form of voting (3:51)

11. By the time that Genghis Khan died, his empire stretched from Mongolia all the way to which body of water?The Caspian Sea (4:08)

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12. List two places that Genghis Khan’s grandsons conquered, expandingthe Mongol Empire even farther.Baghdad, the capital of the Islamic Abbasid Empire, and China during the Song Dynasty (4:34)

13. Approximately how many direct descendants of Genghis Khan are living today?16 million (5:12)

14. Because Genghis Khan didn’t unify all the lands he conquered into onepolitical unit, what was true of these lands when he died?There were really 4 different important empires. (5:41)

15. What did the Mongols use in war that meant foot soldiers had no chance against them?Mounted archers (6:08)

16. How did the Mongols become experts at attacking castles by using siege warfare?By interrogating (torturing) prisoners to get information (6:35)

17. Why would cities often surrender to the Mongols as soon as they arrived?People were terrified of being slaughtered, for good reason since sometimes the Mongols did slaughter entire towns (6:53)

18. The host provided five reasons why the Mongols were awesome. Record at least two of them.They increased trade and made it a lot safer. / They increased communication in Eurasia with a pony-express type system known as the Yam System. / They caused new types of food to spread along their trade routes. / They moved people around as needed, creating exchanges of customs and ideas. / They were tolerant of all religions and didn’t expect conquered peoples to become Shamanists like themselves. (8:29)

19. Now record at least two of the five reasons given for why the Mongols were not so wonderful.They liked to attack and rob. / They were horribly brutal, killing probably millions of people. / Their empire didn’t last. / They didn’t promote the arts. / They are probably responsible for the Black Death since disease traveled along their trade routes. (10:00)

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TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Indian Ocean trade, like the Silk Road, was a network of trade routes.

2. Indian Ocean trade is less famous than the Silk Road because it was on a smaller scale and involved less wealth.

3. Indian Ocean trade declined while the Mongols dominated Asia since the Mongols made land-based trading cheap and safe.

4. Important regions participating in the Indian Ocean trade included China, India, Islamic Empires in the Middle East, Swahili cities in Africa, and most of Europe.

5. Monsoons were an advanced type of sword fashioned in China, but with ivory handles that came from Africa.

6. Although the Indian Ocean trade was very diverse, the western half of it was dominated by Muslim traders.

7. The Indian Ocean trade demonstrates that in history, often it is the ordinary people who make things happen, not just their political rulers.

8. The Indian Ocean trade only lasted for 700 years because traders had national navies protecting them from pirates.

9. When trading bulk goods like cotton, food, and timber, seaborne trade was less efficient than using camels or mules on an overland route.

10. One result of the Indian Ocean trade was that people on the Arabian peninsula enjoyed better housing.

11. The magnetic compass is an example of the technology that spread to new regions as a result of the Indian Ocean trade.

12. Islam spread to Indonesia via the Indian Ocean trade, and as a result, more Muslims live there today than in any other country.

13. Straits such as the Strait of Malacca tended to make trade a lot easier and simpler.

14. The decline of cities on the Swahili Coast demonstrates that trade alone does not provide a stable foundation on which to build an economy.

15. If you tax traders too heavily for using the routes you control, they’llprobably find other trade routes.

16. Relying on trade for income tends to protect a city or nation against the highs and lows of the world economy.

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TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Indian Ocean trade, like the Silk Road, was a network of trade routes. (1:02)

2. Indian Ocean trade is less famous than the Silk Road because it was on a smaller scale and involved less wealth. (1:34)

3. Indian Ocean trade declined while the Mongols dominated Asia since the Mongols made land-based trading cheap and safe. (2:02)

4. Important regions participating in the Indian Ocean trade included China, India, Islamic Empires in the Middle East, Swahili cities in Africa, and most of Europe. (2:18)

5. Monsoons were an advanced type of sword fashioned in China, but with ivory handles that came from Africa. (3:20)

6. Although the Indian Ocean trade was very diverse, the western half of it was dominated by Muslim traders. (4:09)

7. The Indian Ocean trade demonstrates that in history, often it is the ordinary people who make things happen, not just their political rulers. (4:37)

8. The Indian Ocean trade only lasted for 700 years because traders had national navies protecting them from pirates. (4:51)

9. When trading bulk goods like cotton, food, and timber, seaborne trade was less efficient than using camels or mules on an overland route. (6:22)

10. One result of the Indian Ocean trade was that people on the Arabian peninsula enjoyed better housing. (6:37)

11. The magnetic compass is an example of the technology that spread to new regions as a result of the Indian Ocean trade. (7:23)

12. Islam spread to Indonesia via the Indian Ocean trade, and as a result, more Muslims live there today than in any other country. (7:49)

13. Straits such as the Strait of Malacca tended to make trade a lot easier and simpler. (8:32)

14. The decline of cities on the Swahili Coast demonstrates that trade alone does not provide a stable foundation on which to build an economy. (9:06)

15. If you tax traders too heavily for using the routes you control, they’llprobably find other trade routes. (9:10)

16. Relying on trade for income tends to protect a city or nation against the highs and lows of the world economy. (9:17)

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TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Indian Ocean trade, like the Silk Road, was a network of trade routes.TRUE (1:02)

2. Indian Ocean trade is less famous than the Silk Road because it was on a smaller scale and involved less wealth.FALSE -- Not only was it bigger and richer than the Silk Road, it also featured a more diverse network of traders. (1:34)

3. Indian Ocean trade declined while the Mongols dominated Asia since the Mongols made land-based trading cheap and safe.TRUE (2:02)

4. Important regions participating in the Indian Ocean trade included China, India, Islamic Empires in the Middle East, Swahili cities in Africa, and most of Europe.FALSE -- Europe was not involved in the Indian Ocean trade (and since much of history is Eurocentric, this could explain why this trade route is less famous than others. (2:18)

5. Monsoons were an advanced type of sword fashioned in China, but with ivory handles that came from Africa.FALSE -- Monsoons were winds in the Indian Ocean that came very regularly, allowing traders to depend on them to guide sailing ships accurately. (3:20)

6. Although the Indian Ocean trade was very diverse, the western half of it was dominated by Muslim traders.TRUE (4:09)

7. The Indian Ocean trade demonstrates that in history, often it is the ordinary people who make things happen, not just their political rulers. TRUE (4:37)

8. The Indian Ocean trade only lasted for 700 years because traders had national navies protecting them from pirates.FALSE -- The merchant ships sailed for 700 years without theneed for protection from any state’s navy. (4:51)

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9. When trading bulk goods like cotton, food, and timber, seaborne trade was less efficient than using camels or mules on an overland route. FALSE -- it was more efficient when transporting heavy goods. (6:22)

10. One result of the Indian Ocean trade was that people on the Arabian peninsula enjoyed better housing.TRUE -- due to the increased availability of wood, which doesn’tgrow in large quantities there. (6:37)

11. The magnetic compass is an example of the technology that spread to new regions as a result of the Indian Ocean trade.TRUE -- other examples include the astrolabe and other improvements to sailing ships like stern-post rudders and triangular lateen sails. (7:23)

12. Islam spread to Indonesia via the Indian Ocean trade, and as a result, more Muslims live there today than in any other country.TRUE (7:49)

13. Straits such as the Strait of Malacca tended to make trade a lot easier and simpler.FALSE -- it was easy for coastal cities to control straits and stop trading ships or tax them. This interfered with easy, fast, and simple trade and allowed trading monopolies such as Srivijaya (on Sumatra) to rise up. (8:32)

14. The decline of cities on the Swahili Coast demonstrates that trade alone does not provide a stable foundation on which to build an economy.TRUE (9:06)

15. If you tax traders too heavily for using the routes you control, they’llprobably find other trade routes.TRUE (9:10)

16. Relying on trade for income tends to protect a city or nation against the highs and lows of the world economy.FALSE -- it tends to increase vulnerability to those highs and lows (9:17)

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1. Venice is a city made up of hundreds of islands located in the northern tip of what sea?

2. Because it was basically a city made of floating buildings, what did Venice lack?

3. This lack meant that Venice could not grow economically unless it relied on what?

4. Venetians were famous for their ship-building. Write down two types of ships build in Venice.

5. What was Venice quick to arrange with their neighbors?

6. Venice became the largest European power due to its trade in pepper. What important use did pepper have in the days before refrigeration?

7. What famous figure from the New Testament is purportedly buried in the Piazza San Marco in Venice?

8. What kind of meat do Muslims avoid eating or handling?

9. Trade was the foundation of Venice’s economy, but they did alsoproduce things there. Name two of these things.

10. What kind of government did Venice have, making it unusual for its time?

11. What must be true for a government to be called that?

12. What was the ruler of Venice called?

13. How does the Ottoman Empire stand out in world history?

14. Under which ruler did the Ottoman Empire reach its greatest size?

15. Why was the Ottoman Empire more valuable than the Roman Empire, even though it was only half the size?

16. How did the Ottomans make sure that their nobles would not try to take over their empire?

17. Venice and the Ottoman Empire demonstrate that healthy relationships have to be “mutually beneficial” to work. What does that phrase mean?

18. What did the relationship between Venice and the Ottoman Empire establish?

19. What ideas had the Muslims preserved and built upon?

20. What was the most important result of the way that Venice and the Ottoman Empire controlled trade?

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1. Venice is a city made up of hundreds of islands located in the northern tip of what sea? (1:06)

2. Because it was basically a city made of floating buildings, what did Venice lack? (1:19)

3. This lack meant that Venice could not grow economically unless it relied on what? (1:24)

4. Venetians were famous for their ship-building. Write down two types of ships build in Venice. (1:36)

5. What was Venice quick to arrange with their neighbors? (1:53)

6. Venice became the largest European power due to its trade in pepper. What important use did pepper have in the days before refrigeration? (2:19)

7. What famous figure from the New Testament is purportedly buried in the Piazza San Marco in Venice? (3:03)

8. What kind of meat do Muslims avoid eating or handling? (3:25)

9. Trade was the foundation of Venice’s economy, but they did alsoproduce things there. Name two of these things. (4:07)

10. What kind of government did Venice have, making it unusual for its time? (4:29)

11. What must be true for a government to be called that? (4:33)

12. What was the ruler of Venice called? (4:38)

13. How does the Ottoman Empire stand out in world history? (4:55)

14. Under which ruler did the Ottoman Empire reach its greatest size? (5:37)

15. Why was the Ottoman Empire more valuable than the Roman Empire, even though it was only half the size? (6:02)

16. How did the Ottomans make sure that their nobles would not try to take over their empire? (7:04)

17. Venice and the Ottoman Empire demonstrate that healthy relationships have to be “mutually beneficial” to work. What does that phrase mean? (8:45)

18. What did the relationship between Venice and the Ottoman Empire establish? (9:05)

19. What ideas had the Muslims preserved and built upon? (9:11)

20. What was the most important result of the way that Venice and the Ottoman Empire controlled trade? (9:36)

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1. Venice is a city made up of hundreds of islands located in the northern tip of what sea?The Adriatic (1:06)

2. Because it was basically a city made of floating buildings, what did Venice lack?Natural resources other than fish (1:19)

3. This lack meant that Venice could not grow economically unless it relied on what?Trade (1:24)

4. Venetians were famous for their ship-building. Write down two types of ships build in Venice.Galleys and cogs (1:36)

5. What was Venice quick to arrange with their neighbors?Trade treaties (1:53)

6. Venice became the largest European power due to its trade in pepper. What important use did pepper have in the days before refrigeration? It disguised the taste of spoiled meat. (2:19)

7. What famous figure from the New Testament is purportedly buried in the Piazza San Marco in Venice?St. Mark (3:03)

8. What kind of meat do Muslims avoid eating or handling?Pork (3:25)

9. Trade was the foundation of Venice’s economy, but they did alsoproduce things there. Name two of these things.Textiles and glass (4:07)

10. What kind of government did Venice have, making it unusual for its time?Republic (4:29)

11. What must be true for a government to be called that?Its leaders are elected (4:33)

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12. What was the ruler of Venice called?The doge (4:38)

13. How does the Ottoman Empire stand out in world history?It was one of the richest and longest-lasting empires in history, existing from about 1300 to 1919. (4:55)

14. Under which ruler did the Ottoman Empire reach its greatest size?Suleiman the Magnificent (5:37)

15. Why was the Ottoman Empire more valuable than the Roman Empire, even though it was only half the size?Because of the Indian Ocean trade (6:02)

16. How did the Ottomans make sure that their nobles would not try to take over their empire?They kidnapped Christian boys, converted them to Islam, and raised them to be government bureaucrats or elite soldiers known as Janissaries (eliminating the need for a noble class that would fill those roles). (7:04)

17. Venice and the Ottoman Empire demonstrate that healthy relationships have to be “mutually beneficial” to work. What does that phrase mean?Both parties in the relationship gain value from it. (8:45)

18. What did the relationship between Venice and the Ottoman Empire establish?Firm connections between Europe and the Islamic world (9:05)

19. What ideas had the Muslims preserved and built upon?Ones from ancient Greece (9:11)

20. What was the most important result of the way that Venice and the Ottoman Empire controlled trade?It forced other European powers to look for other routes east (as they sought wealth), and this resulted in huge investments in exploration (eventually leading to Spain financing Columbus’ journeys to the New World) (9:36)

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1. Russia ended up in its current shape largely because of the--------.

2. The people who originally settled Kiev might have been from around the Black Sea, but an older theory says that they might have been-------.

3. We know that trade was hugely important to Kiev because they ended wars with trade treaties and their---------were heavily devoted to thesubject of commerce.

4. What happened to peasants that fell into tax debt in Kiev?

5. What change did the Grand Prince Vladimir enact in Kiev in the 11th century?

6. Why were the Kievan Rus easy targets for the Mongols when they attacked in the 1200s?

7. How did Mongol rule isolate Russia?

8. The Mongols conquered Russia during the winter. This is a feat that both ------- and---------failed at.

9. What Russian city rose to prominence as a result of Mongol policies?

10. What church established its headquarters in this city in 1325?

11. Prince Dmitri Donskoi made war on the---------and defeated them atKulikovo Field.

12. What Russian ruler stopped paying tribute to the Mongol khan?

13. What type of rule characterized Russia for most of its history after him?

14. What nickname did Ivan IV (the Fourth) earn during the second part of his reign?

15. Ivan IV used terror tactics and a secret police to establish absolute control over--------.

16. How did western Europe regard Russia for centuries?

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1. Russia ended up in its current shape largely because of the--------.(0:37)

2. The people who originally settled Kiev might have been from around the Black Sea, but an older theory says that they might have been-------. (1:02)

3. We know that trade was hugely important to Kiev because they ended wars with trade treaties and their---------were heavily devoted to thesubject of commerce. (1:35)

4. What happened to peasants that fell into tax debt in Kiev? (2:07)

5. What change did the Grand Prince Vladimir enact in Kiev in the 11th century? (2:30)

6. Why were the Kievan Rus easy targets for the Mongols when they attacked in the 1200s? (2:44)

7. How did Mongol rule isolate Russia? (4:04)

8. The Mongols conquered Russia during the winter. This is a feat that both ------- and---------failed at. (4:27)

9. What Russian city rose to prominence as a result of Mongol policies? (5:05)

10. What church established its headquarters in this city in 1325? (5:25)

11. Prince Dmitri Donskoi made war on the---------and defeated them atKulikovo Field. (5:45)

12. What Russian ruler stopped paying tribute to the Mongol khan? (7:07)

13. What type of rule characterized Russia for most of its history after him? (7:38)

14. What nickname did Ivan IV (the Fourth) earn during the second part of his reign? (8:32)

15. Ivan IV used terror tactics and a secret police to establish absolute control over--------. (9:34)

16. How did western Europe regard Russia for centuries? (9:54)

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1. Russia ended up in its current shape largely because of the Mongols. (0:37)

2. The people who originally settled Kiev might have been from around the Black Sea, but an older theory says that they might have been Vikings. (1:02)

3. We know that trade was hugely important to Kiev because they ended wars with trade treaties and their law codes were heavily devoted to the subject of commerce. (1:35)

4. What happened to peasants that fell into tax debt in Kiev?They became bonded to the land for life / They became like slaves (2:07)

5. What change did the Grand Prince Vladimir enact in Kiev in the 11th

century?He converted the Rus to Byzantine Christianity. (2:30)

6. Why were the Kievan Rus easy targets for the Mongols when they attacked in the 1200s?They had been at war for centuries with pastoral nomads. (2:44)

7. How did Mongol rule isolate Russia?It cut Russia off from the Byzantines and isolated them from Europe. (4:04)

8. The Mongols conquered Russia during the winter. This is a feat that both Napoleon and Hitler failed at. (4:27)

9. What Russian city rose to prominence as a result of Mongol policies?Moscow (5:05)

10. What church established its headquarters in this city in 1325?Eastern Orthodox (5:25)

11. Prince Dmitri Donskoi made war on the Mongols and defeated them at Kulikovo Field. (5:45)

12. What Russian ruler stopped paying tribute to the Mongol khan?Ivan III / Ivan the Great (7:07)

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13. What type of rule characterized Russia for most of its history after him?Absolute (7:38)

14. What nickname did Ivan IV (the Fourth) earn during the second part of his reign?The Terrible (8:32)

15. Ivan IV used terror tactics and a secret police to establish absolute control over all the Russian people. (9:34)

16. How did western Europe regard Russia for centuries?As both European and not European (9:54)

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