manual arcgis 10 (en)
TRANSCRIPT
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University of Pennsylvania
From the SelectedWorks of Amy Hillier
January 2011
Manual for working with ArcGIS 10
http://repository.upenn.edu/http://works.bepress.com/amy_hillierhttp://works.bepress.com/amy_hillierhttp://repository.upenn.edu/ -
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WorkingWith
Amy Hillier
University of Pennsylvania
School of Design
ArcVieW 10
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This maua is iteded fo udegaduate ad gaduate studets
eaig to use AGIS 10 i a assoom settig. It is meat to be a
ompemet, athe tha substitute, fo AGIS softae mauas, Esi
taiig poduts, o the AGIS hep optios. It eets the ode ad
emphasis of topis that I hae foud most hepfu hie teahig i-
todutoy GIS asses i uba studies, soia ok, ad ity paig. I
expet that it i be patiuay hepfu to peope e to GIS ho may
be itimidated by oetioa softae mauas. It may aso be hepfu
as a esoue to those ho hae ompeted a ouse i AGIS but dot
aays emembe ho to pefom patiua tasks. This maua does ot
ty to be ompehesie, fousig istead o the basi toos ad futios
that uses e to GIS shoud ko ho to use. Those ho maste these
basi futios shoud hae the skis to ea about additioa toos, usig
the AGIS hep meus, o just expoig additioa meu optios, too-
bads, ad buttos.
Eah setio i the maua itodues a geea goup of futios i
AGIS, poidig step by step istutios fo usig a set of toos ith
see aptues ad a ideo shoig those steps though see aptues.
Oe of the most difut pats of eaig ho to use GIS is mathighat you ko you at to do i aymas o oeptua tems to the
spei too ad tehia aguage of AGIS. The tabe of otets
poides a oeie of the toos ad futios oeed, but you may
d it just as hepfu to use Adobe Aobats d futio.
The othe haege is toube-shootig. AGIS poduts iude a
eomous age of futioaity hih aos it to meet the eeds of a
ide age of uses. But this ide age aso esuts i hat a be a
oehemig ad sometimes tempeameta podut. Figuig out
hy thigs dot ok is key to gettig AGIS to do hat you at it
to do ad miimizig you fustatio. The setio o toube-shootig
at the ed of this maua is iteded to hep idetify ommo pobems
ad soutios.
This maua is iteded to be shaed. You do ot eed my pemissio
to shae this ith a fied o ee post it o a ouse ebsite. Beause
I am otiuay updatig it, I aays appeiate feedbak, hethe
you foud a typo o speig mistake o at to suggest a bette ay of
expaiig patiua oepts ad tehiques. The best ay to sueed
ith GIS is to make eaig ho to use it a oetie poess, so pease
joi me i makig GIS ok fo us.
Amy Hillier
University of Pennsylvania
IntroductIontothIs Manual
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Graphi Design by caitlin Bowler, McP 08
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tableof contents
1| IntroductIon
Itodutio to AGIS
Extesios fo AGIS
Itodutio to AMap
Maagig & Saig Fies
Data Fomats
2| spatIal data
Geoetifyig Images
wokig ith Pojetios
3| MakIng Maps
Symboizig Poits
Symboizig Poygos
labeig Featues
Desigig Map layouts
Mutipe-Map layouts
Expotig Maps
4| ModIfyIng attrIbutes
wokig ith Tabes
cauatig vaues
cauatig Aea, Peimete & legth
ceatig XY coodiates
Joiig Tabes
5| creatIng & aggregatIngpoInt
Geoodig
Spatia Jois
6| QueryIng & MeasurIng
Queyig by Attibute
Queyig by loatio
Measuig Distaes
Buffes
cauatig Distae /Spatia Jois
cauatig netok Distaes
Distae betee Mathed Pais
7| creatIng new geographIc fIles
Editig Shapees
Geopoessig
8| dIgItIzIng
ceatig ne Shapees
Digitizig /Mege Too
ceatig a Mask
9| densIty Maps
2
3
4
12
15
18
21
24
27
32
36
40
42
43
45
47
47
48
49
53
56
57
58
59
60
61
64
65
66
69
70
70
71
10|workIng wIth 3d
3D Aayst
11| anIMatIng tIMe serIes data
Aimatio Tooba
Takig Aayst
12| cartograMs
13| trouble-shootIng
73
76
78
79
80
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2
AGIS is a oetio of softae poduts eated by Eiometa Systems
reseah Istitute (Esi)--the Miosoft of GIS softae--that iudes desktop,
see, mobie, hosted, ad oie GIS poduts. This itodutio poides a
oeie of a of the poduts, but this maua fouses o the desktop appia-
tios, oy.
1| IntroductIonto ArcGIS
Avie
Avie is the desktop esio of AGIS meat fo a geea (o-pofessioa)
audiee. It is the most popua desktop GIS softae pogam, but it is ot the
oy oe. Ee though it is the baby desktop GIS podut ithi the Esi famiy
of poduts, it is sti oe-ki fo most basi GIS pojets. Some peope i a
this AGIS athe tha Avie. They ae oe i the same; Avie is pat of
the AGIS oetio, so it is a moe spei ay to desibe the softae.
AEdito
AEdito iudes a the futioaity of AGIS, addig the abiity to edit
featues i a mutiuse geodatabase so that mutiuse editig ad esioig aepossibe. AEdito aso adds the abiity to edit topoogiay itegated featues
i a geodatabase. The studet esio of AGIS that Esi poides is usuay
AEdito athe tha Avie.
AIfo
AIfo is Esis pofessioa GIS softae. It iudes a of the futioaity i
AGIS ad AEdito, addig some adaed geopoessig ad data oe-
sio apabiities. If you make a iig as a GIS speiaist, you at aess to
AIfo.
Areade
Areade is a fee podut fo ieig maps. You a expoe ad quey map
ayes, but you aot hage symboogy o eate e data ike you a i
AGIS. Areade is a good ay to shae the maps you eated i AGIS ith
peope ho dot hae aess to the softae.
desktop gIs products
The desktop GIS poduts ao uses to itegate ad edit data, eate e
map ayes, ad autho maps. AGIS desktop iudes a seies of saeabe
poduts. They ae a based o the same ahitetue, but the moe expesie
poduts hae moe futioaity. A matix desibig hat futioaity is
aaiabe fo eah podut a be foud at http://.esi.om/ibay/bo-
hues/pdfs/agis10-futioaity-matix.pdf.
with the jump fom AGIS 3.2 to AGIS 8, Esi bought AGIS ito its AGISsystem so that it uses the same stutue as its moe sophistiated GIS poduts.
AGIS 3.x has simia futioaity to AGIS 8, 9 ad 10, but the poduts ok
i ey diffeet ays. That meas that if you eaed GIS usig AGIS 3.x, you
i pobaby eed to do some ok to be abe to use AGIS 10. AGIS 10 adds
some futioaity to AGIS 9, but those to esios ok i a ey simia
ay, so if you eaed ho to use AGIS 8 o AGIS 9, you shoud hae o
toube sithig to AGIS 10.
Map made by Shimrit Keddem
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3 I n T r O D U c T I O n
extensIonsfor arcgIs desktopwhie the basi AGIS desktop poduts iude a eomous amout of
futioaity, extesios a aso be puhased (some ae fee) that exted thisfutioaity. May of these ae spei to patiua idusties o data fomats.
The fooig ae some of the moe fequety used extesios.
Spatia Aayst
Aos fo modeig ad aaysis ith aste (e-based) data. This iudes
eatig desity sufaes ad odutig map ageba.
3D Aayst
Iudes AGobe. Aos uses to ie isuaize ad aayze spatia data i 3D.
This iudes extudig poygos (suh as paes ad buidig footpits) ad
dapig sufaes (suh as othophotos) o eeatio modes. You a aso eate
ideo aimatios that simuate yig though you study aea.
Geostatistia Aayst
This sophistiated too aos uses to aayze aste (e-based) ad poit
data usig adaed statistia methods. Methods iude Kigig ad iese
distae-eightig.
netok Aayst
Aos fo etok-based aaysis suh as outig, detemiig osest faiity,
ad seie aeas. Uike simpe epesetatios of steet etoks that a be
maipuated ithout this extesio, etoks a stoe ifomatio about taf
o, oe-ay steets, ad tae time.
Takig Aayst
Makes it possibe to aimate poit data epesetig eets at disete times
ad paes. You a ie eets happeig aoss time ad spae usig the
paybak featue.
Busiess Aayst
Desiged to suppot busiess deisios though a seies of adaed toos ad
extesie oetio of idusty data.
commuityviz
Desiged fo isuaizig ad aayzig ad-use deisios. This podut is distib-
uted by Paeays athe tha Esi.
Sipts fo AGIS DesktopExtesios ae simpy budes of sipts that ae added togethe to AGIS.
Idiidua sipts a aso be added ithout puhasig hoe extesios. These
ae geeay itte i visua Basi, Pytho, o Aeue (the od pogammig
aguage fo ESrI) by uses o ESrI staff membes. A age oetio ae aai-
abe fo fee at http://asipts.esi.om/.
Model made by Shimrit Keddem
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IntroductIonto arcMap
AMap is hee you eate maps ad aess most of the AGIS futioaity.You a add ad edit data, quey ad symboize map ayes, ad eate map
ayouts fo pitig.
Statig AMapYou a auh AMap i moe tha oe ay. The most ommo ay is to
ik o the stat meu ad go to A Pogams, the the AGIS fode, the
AMap 10. If you dot see AGIS i the ist of pogams, dot oy, it might
sti be itstaed o you ompute. look i :\\Pogam Fies fo a AGIS fode.
Ope the AGIS fode, the the Desktop 10.0 fode, the the Bi fode iside
that. Doube-ik o the AMap.exe e to stat AMap. If its ot thee the
AGIS is not istaed o you ompute.
If you at to eate a desktop io fo AMap (so you dot hae to go
though a of that agai), ight ik o the AMap.exe e ad hoose eate
shotut. The opy ad paste the shotut to you desktop.
whe AMap opes, it i ask if you at to ope a bak map, use a
tempate, o bose fo a existig map doumet. whe you ae st eatig
a map, you i pobaby stat ith a bak map so ik OK. If the defaut is
to add a existig pojet, ik o My Tempates ad the Bak Map.
Addig DataUess you ope a Avie .mxd e that someoe ese eated, you i eed
to add data to get stated. Fom the e meu, go to Add data o ik o
the Add data butto (yeo squae ith age bak + sig) o the Stadad
tooba. naigate to the fode hee you hae you map ayes. with AGIS
10, you a use the Add Data butto to aess to othe optios: Add Basemap
ad Add Data Fom AGIS Oie. Fom the Add Basemep optio, you
a impot Big ad Googe aeia images, steet ad topo maps, ad othes.
Though AGIS Oie, you a impot data may additioa ayes thatiude data (suh as zip odes ith 2010 popuatio estimates). The Add Data
optio aos you to aigate to a fode ad add you o map ayes.
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5 I n T r O D U c T I O n
catalog wIndow
Acataog is a system fo maagig ad ogaizig map es. Oe big diffe-ee ith AGIS 10 is that a esio of it (aed cataog wido) is itegat-
ed ito AMap. You a sti ope Acataog ithout opeig AMap but it
is muh easie to use fom iside AMap. To auh Acataog ithi AMap,
ik o the cataog wido. Acataog i ope o the fa ight.
You a add map ayes fom Acataog, but you a aso ie ad add
tooboxes, eate geoodig seies, edit ad ie metadata amog othe im-
potat housekeepig tasks. The tee ithi the cataog wido i iude
a umbe of fodes that ae ommoy used ith AGIS. I ode to add you
o map ayes, you i eed to coet to Fode to sho AMap hee
those othe impotat fodes eside. To eate a oetio to a e fode,
ik o the coet To Fode io at the top of the cataog wido o ight
whe you ie map ayes ithi Acataog, you see them the ay AGIS
sees them. Some of the types of es used i AGIS, iudig shapees,
oeages, ad gids, ae made up of mutipe es that oy togethe eate
a map aye. If you ieed them outside of Acataog (i My compute, fo
exampe), you oud see a of the es isted ith extesios suh as .dbf, .shp,
ik o the fode amed Fode coetio ad hoose coet Fode.
naigate uti you d the fode ith you data ad ik OK. You fode
shoud o be isted ude cataog ext to a io. Oe ote of autio: You
do ot eed to do this epeatedy. Oe you hae estabished a oetio to
you fode, you i ot eed to do it agai uess you hage omputes. If
you eate a e oetio to the fode eah time you use AGIS, you path
optios i beome umaageabe. If you hae oe dietoy hee you stoe
a you GIS es, oside oetig to that athe tha eah idiidua fode
iside.
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.shx. withi Acataog, you i see oy a sige e. This is espeiay hepfu
he you ae moig o opyig data.
View from Catalog Window View from My Computer
You a add data to AMap by daggig ad doppig es fom Awido.
The ios used to epeset the data idiate the type of data. A ight gee io
ith ies (boad_steet_ie.shp) idiates a ie shapee; a ight gee io
ith thee dots (highspeed_statios.shp) idiates a poit shapee; a ight gee
io ith a squae ut ito thee piees is a poygo shapee. A io ith a
hite squae ad to oums of ies (BusStop_Totalies.dbf) is a tabe.
You a ie ad edit the metadata fo ay of you es. right ik o a e
ad go to item desiptio. I most ases, the metadata i pobaby be
empty. If you get ito the habit of ig i at east a basi desiptio about
hat the data ae, ho eated them ad he, you i make it muh easie
to keep tak of ad shae you es. cik o the Edit butto to add o hage
the metadata.
Othe Acataog FutiosAcataog aso has extesie seah apabiities, makig it possibe to oate
es based o ame, oatio o you ompute, geogaphi oatio, ad date.
You a eate e shapees i Acataog. This i be desibed i the setio
ceatig ne Shapees.
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7 I n T r O D U c T I O n
You a moe a tooba by doube-ikig o it to the eft of the buttos
(hee thee is a sot of hade at the edge). You a dok it by moig it
oe ay of the gay aeas o the see. To add o emoe a tooba, go to the
customize meu, the Toobas o doube-ik o a empty gay pat of the
see. Aythig ith a hek mak ext to it i be dispayed.
You a add e buttos to existig toobas fom the ustomize optio. cik
o the ommads butto to see you optios. Oe espeiay hepfu butto
aos you to zoom otiuousy. So do to the ategoy o the eft aed
pa/zoom, the eft ik o the cotiuous Pa ad Zoom butto o the
ight ad dag it to you toos tooba (the tooba ith the outie of a had
ad a image of a gobe i the midde) ad eease (see image o peiouspage). You a aso add e buttos ad toos by impotig sipts. That poess
is expaied i a ate setio aed wokig ith sipts.
customizig the ItefaeAMap is made up of may diffeet idos ad (dok-abe) toobas that
you a esize ad moe aoud, so dot be supised if AMap ooks sighty
diffeet eah time you ope it.
The ido o the eft that ists you map ayes is the Tabe of cotets; the
ido o the ight that shos you map is the map dispay. You a ose the
tabe of otets by ikig o the X. To big you tabe of otets bak,
go to the wido meu, the Tabe of cotets. By ikig o the tak symbo
ext to the X you a hide the Tabe of cotets; to big it bak, ik o the
od tabe of otets hih i be uig etiay o the fa eft. resize
it by hodig you uso oe the ight edge uti it hages to a to-headedao, the eft-ik ad dag the edge to esize this ido.
The map ayes you add i da i the ode i hih they appea i the
Tabe of cotets--so the aye at the top i da o top ad the aye at the
bottom i da o the bottom. You a hage the ode by eft ikig o
the aye you ish to moe ad daggig it to a e positio. The ios at the
top of the Tabe of cotets ao fo diffeet ies o you data--by soue
(so you a see hee eah e exists o you ompute), by isibiity (ayes
tued o i be isted st), ad by seetio (idiatig hethe ay featues
ae seeted). You a oy hage the ode of you ayes fom the st optio,
list by Daig Ode hih is the defaut he you ope AMap.
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8H I l l I E r | U S I n G A r c v I E w 1 0
naigatig a MapThee ae seea toos aaiabe fo zoomig i ad out of you map.
The xed zoom in/xed zoom out toos
gie you the east oto but aso may
keep you fom zoomig i o out too muh
ad osig you map. Eah time you ik,
you i zoom i o out a xed amout.
The pan tool oks ike the otiu-
ous zoom too he you ight ik o it.
Thik of the pa too as a stiky had you
set do o a piee of pape. You use it
to moe you map up, do, eft o ight
ithout hagig the extet (the degee to
hih you ae zoomed i o out).
You a aso pa by usig the so bas
o the ight ad bottom of you map.Hoee, these ae ot the best ay to
aigate sie they ae eay desiged fo
soig i od doumet o image.
The continuous zoom tool gies you the
geatest amout of oto, but you hae
to add this by ustomizig you tooba (see
customizig the Itefae aboe). cik
o the otiuous zoom too, the eft ik
o you map, hod do the mouse butto,
ad moe you mouse aay fom you to
zoom i ad toad you to zoom out. If
you ight ik ad hod do, this beomes
a too fo paig (moig map aoud
ithout hagig the extet).
Usig the non-continuous zoom tools,
you a ik o you map to zoom i o out
at a xed amout o to da a box aoud
the aea that you at to see i moe o essdetai. The e map i be da so that
the aea you de the box aoud is i the
midde of the map dispay.
The full extent button i zoom i o out
so that a of you atie (heked) map
ayes a be ieed. This is ey hepfu
he you zoom i o out too muh ad
at see you map ayes. You a aso
zoom i to a sige aye by ight ikig
o the aye i the tabe of otets ad
hoosig zoom to aye.
The previous extent button ao you
to etu to the extet you had befoe
zoomig i o out. The ext extet butto
aos you to jump foad a extet (afte
you hae used the peious extet butto).
This is a sot of udo butto i egad toaigatio.
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9 I n T r O D U c T I O n
Idetifyig Attibutes of FeatuesThe poits, ies, ad poygos that make up eto map ayes ae a map
featues that hae attibutes stoed i a tabe. This is pat of hat makes
GIS uique, that it a oet attibutes of a oatio to that oatio.
You a aess this ifomatio i seea diffeet ays. Usig the idetify
(i) too, ik o a map featue i the map dispay. A idetify esuts
box i dispay a of the ifomatio ko about that featue. notie
the ayes dopdo meu. The defaut i AMap is to dispay ifomatio
oy about the top-most aye. You a hage this usig the dopdo
meu at the top of the idetify pop-up box.
Shoig Map Tips
Map tips ae sma text boxes that appea he you hod the uso oe a
map featue. You a oy see oe attibute at a time (uike the idetify
too, hih aos you to see a the attibutes ko fo that map featue),
but usig map tips is muh simpe ad aos you to get a quik idea of the
attibutes. To tu o map tips, doube ik o you shapee ame i the
tabe of otets ad, fom the laye Popeties, make the Dispay tab atie.
Put a hek mak i the Sho Map Tips usig the dispay expessio box. To
hage the dispay expessio, use the dopdo meu just aboe.
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10
Seetig FeatuesYou a aso use the seet featues too to idetify attibutes, eithe by ikig
o a patiua map featue o by daig a etage, poygo, ie, ie o
usig the asso seetio too. The seeted featues shoud beome highighted
ith a bue outie. right ik o the map aye that otais the featue(s)
that you ish to iestigate ad go to ope attibute tabe. This tabe iudes
a the attibutes of a the featues i that aye. I ode to ie just the
seeted featue(s), ik o the Sho Seeted Featues butto at the bottom
of the tabe. notie that thee i be a idiatio of ho may eods out of
the tota hae bee seeted.
You a aso highight a featue o the map by ikig o a o i the tabe
(you eed to ik i the gay aea o the fa eft). This ay, you a d a
spei pae (suh as cypus) o you map. You a hage the seetio oo
fom optios i the Seetio meu. It is aso possibe to use diffeet seetio
oos fo eah aye. Doube ik o a map aye, o ight ik ad go to pop-
eties. choose the seetio tab ad the seet the ast adio butto, Sho
seeted featues ith this oo. This i oy hage the seetio oo fo this
map aye.
To useet eods (ad get id of the bue highight), you a do oe of seea
thigs:
1. Ope the attibute tabe (ight ik o the ame i the Tabe of cotets ad
go to Ope Attibute Tabe) ad the ik o the cea Seeted Featuesbutto at the top;
2. with the attibute tabe ope, ik o the Tabe Optios butto o the top
eft ad go to cea Seetio ;
3. Fom the Seetio meu i AMap, hoose cea Seeted Featues;
4. Fom the Tabe of cotets, ik o the list by Seetio butto to see
hih map aye has seeted featues, the ight ik o the oe ith seeted
featues ad go to cea Seeted Featues.
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11 I n T r O D U c T I O n
chagig Map Symbos
AMap has may optios fo hagig the ay you data ae dispayed. Some
of the simpest optios ioe the hoie of oo, patte, ad shape (fo
poit data). To make hages, ik o the map symbo i the tabe of otets.
The symbo seeto ido that opes i ook diffeet depedig upo
the type of aye: poit, ie, o poygo. Fo poits, you a hoose a diffe-
et make fom the defaut (hih is a ie ith a bak outie). whe you
hoose a e make, the defaut size jumps fom 4 poit (quite sma) to 18
poit (quite age). You a d may moe symbos by ikig o Stye refe-
ees... butto (fo exampe, thee is a taspotatio, ime aaysis ad ii
symbo paette). You a hage the oo, size, ad age usig the optios
o the ight of the ido. The eset butto i udo ay hages you hae
made to the symbo sie opeig the symbo seeto ido.
Fo ies, you a hoose fom a aiety of pattes, thikesses, ad oos. Thee
ae idusty stadads fo thigs ike highays, expessays, ad aioads.
Fo poygos, you hae hoies about the patte, oo, ad outie oo.
The popeties butto i gie you additioa optios (ad ofte too may
optios) but may be hepfu i e-tuig the osshath ad odeed stippe
pattes.
You a aso symboize you ayes based o diffeet aues fo eah map
featue. Fo exampe, you might use diffeet size poits to epeset diffeet
ities aoud the od aodig to thei popuatio o use diffe oo makes
to epeset diffeet types of hospitas. These ae osideed themati maps
ad they i be disussed i the setios o dispayig poits, ies, ad poygos.
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ManagIng & savIng data
May of the fustatios of e GIS uses eate to saig es. AGIS oksdiffeety fom most softae, so if you do ot take ae i amig ad saig
you es, you i ot be abe to d o ope you ok.
Saig AMap Doumets (.mxd)A AMap doumet is made up of a the map ayes you hae added ad
a of the futios you hae appied to them. It is best to oy sae a AMap
doumet he you hae spet a sigiat amout of time.
whe you ope AMap, you ae pompted to speify hethe you ish to
ope a existig map doumet o eate a e oe. Most of the time heyou ae eaig to use Avie, you a eate a e AMap doumet. If
you i eed to etu to you ok oe you stat symboizig you map ayes
ad desigig a ayout fo pitig, you i pobaby at to sae a AMap
doumet. You do this by goig to the Fie meu ad hoosig sae. This e i
sae a of the ok you hae doe, iudig the ist of data you hae added
ad the hages you hae made to aye popeties, symboogy, ad the ayout.
The .mxd e does nOT sae a of the data you iuded i you map. Istead,
it iudes ifomatio about the oatio of those es o you ompute (o
etok, o Iteet) ad the fomattig hages you made. This meas that
you aot moe the data es youe iuded i a map doumet o just
put you .mxd e o a thumb die to ope o a diffeet ompute ithout
uig ito pobems. It aso meas that map doumets a be difut to
tasfe fom oe ompute to aothe. If you do moe oe of the es used i
you map doumet, that aye i be sho ith a ! ext to it ad i ot
da he you ope you map doumet. If you ik o the gayed out hek
mak beside the aye ame, AMap i big up a diaog askig hee you
moed the e. naigatig to the e i its e oatio ad ikig add i
soe the pobem.
Saig reatie Pathsreatie paths a hep you aoid the ed examatio poits some of the time.
If you hae a of the es beogig to a map doumet i a sige fode, you
a moe it to a e oatio ad sti ope it ith eatie paths. Fom the Fie
meu, go to Map Doumet. ad hek the box ext to Pathames that
says Sae eatie pathames to data soues.
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Saig Map layesI additio to saig the etie okspae ith a map doumet, you a sae
a idiidua map aye (.y). This e i stoe a the fomattig hages you
hae made to the aye. This is patiuay hepfu if you at to use the same
aye, ith the same symboogy, i aothe map doumet. As ith the .mxd
e, the .y e oy iudes ifomatio about the fomattig ad the path to
the oigia data (geeay a shapee). Moig you oigia data, o moig
the .y e to aothe ompute, i eate pobems.
namig Fiesnamig you es i a ea ad osistet mae i make okig ith
AMap muh easie. You eed to deeop you o amig oetio that
makes sese to you. You may eate mutipe esios of the same shapee that
ae oy sighty diffeet, so you amig oetio shoud eet those diffe-
ees (i yea, pojetio, attibutes, geogaphi ee, et.). Fo exampe:
AGIS a ok ith e ames that ae moe tha 8 haates, but eay og
ames a be difut to ok ith. AGIS a aso ok ith es that hae
spaes i thei ame (suh as Phia tats.shp), but this a eate pobems (es-
peiay ith attibute ames) so it is best to aoid by usig udesoes ( _ ).
Phia_tats_2000_UTM.shp
Phia_tats_1990_UTM.shp
Phia_bgoups_2000_statepae.shp
nYc_tats_1990_UTM.shp
nYc_tats_1990_StatePae.shp
PA_tats_2000_StatePae.shp
ceatig Map PakagesAGIS 10 iudes a optio to pakage up you .mxd e ith a the data used
to eate the map doumet o the mode of Adobe poduts. This is espeiay
usefu fo moig you es fo a spei pojet fom oe ompute (o oatio
o a ompute) to aothe o shaig the es ith someoe ese. Fom the
Fie meu, go to ceate a Map Pakage. You must sae the map doumet
(.mdx) e st, the the map pakage.You i aso eed to gie the map
doumet a desiptio (tite, summay ad othe ifomatio ae optioa) ad
idiate hee you at to sae the map pakage. Oe you hae idetied
the oatio hee the pakage shoud be saed, ik the vaidate butto to
make sue a of the assoiated es a be foud. The ik Shae to eate
the map pakage. Map pakages hae the extesio .mpk.
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Saig ad Stoig FiesThe most impotat thig i stoig es fo AMap is to thik though a system
BEFOrE you stat, so you a aoid moig es ad disabig you map dou-
mets ad ayes. coside eatig a e dietoy fo eah e mappig
pojet. Keep a map doumets, map ayes, ad tabes i that dietoy. Ee
though it i equie moe stoage spae, you may at to keep sepaate
opies of the same map aye, suh as a steets aye, i eah pojet fode
hee you i be usig it. As you ok ith AGIS, you i aso be eatig
e tabes ad shapees. wheee AGIS is eatig a e e, you i be
gie a oppotuity to gie it a ame ad speify a oatio ith a diaogue
box ike this:
cik o the fode io to sho Avie exaty hee you at the e e
ad the gie the e a e ame. Otheise you i ed up ith es aed
Expot_Output.shp ad othe uhepfu thigs ike that. no oe a hep you
if you dot ko hee you es ae o hat you aed them (tust me, this is
about the ost pobem you a hae ith AGIS).
As you eate e esios of od ayes, deete the od ayes to keep you es
eat. Ad emembe, its best to deete es fom the cataog wido.
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dataforMatsAGIS a ok ith may diffeet types of data, oy some of hih ae de-
sibed i this setio. AGIS 10 a ok ith moe diffeet data fomats tha
peious esios of AGIS.
Tabua dataTabua data iudes thigs ike omma deimited o xed idth text es,
Exe oksheets, AccESS es, ad dbase es. This is hee you stoe attibute
data, hih iudes ay ifomatio you hae about a oatio. Fo exampe,
you might ko the types of pogams offeed at a eeatio ete o the
tota popuatio of a zip ode. I ode to be mapped, tabua data geeay
eeds to be iked to spatia/geogaphi data. Uike
some eaie esios (8 ad
eaie), AGIS 10 a ok
ith Exe es. whe you add
a Exe e to AMap, you
must speify hih ok-
sheet you ish to add, so ty
to emembe to ame you
oksheets i Exe (o spaes
i the ame). whe you add
data, doube-ik o the
ame of the .xs e to see
the ames of the osheets.
Highight a oksheet ad
ik add.
Addig XY DataSome tabua data iude XY oodiates. Fo exampe, data might be o-
eted usig a GPS deie o a data edo might se the ames ad addesses
of supemakets ad iude XY oodiates fo mappig. coetig ists of
addesses to poits o a map usuay ioes a poess aed geoodig ad
is expaied ate i this maua. You do ot eed to geoode if you tabe
aeady iudes XY oodiates. Fom the Fie meu, go to Add Data ad
Add XY Data. Fom the Dispay
XY Data ido, hoose the ed
that otais the X (ogitude)
ad Y (atitude) oodiates. If you
ko the pojetio used to oet
o eate the data, ik o the
Edit butto ad set the pojetio
(pojetios i be desibed ate
so dot oy if this doest make
sese at this poit).
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.dbf - the dBASE e that stoes the attibute ifomatio of featues.
whe ashapee is added as a theme to a ie, this e is dispayed as a
featue tabe.
.sbn ad .sbx - the es that stoe the spatia idex of the featues.
These to es may ot exist uti you pefom theme o theme see
tio, spatia joi, o eate a idex o a themes shape ed.
.pjr the e that stoes ifomatio about the pojetio. This i oy
exist fo shapees ith deed pojetios.
The shapee stoes ifomatio about the shape of the map featues, desib-
ig them i the shape ed of the attibute tabe as poit, ie, o poygo. It
aso stoes ifomatio about the ea od oatio of eah etex that makes
up the map featues. Usig this ifomatio, Avie a auate aea ad
peimete fo poygo featues.
TopoogyO of the biggest ompaits about the shapee fomat is that it does ot
otai ifomatio about topoogy. Topoogi fomats (ike oeages used i
AIfo) otai detaied ifomatio about the eatioships amog featues
i the same map aye. This aos fo a aiety of opeatios to esue the
itegity of ies ad poygos ad to aefuy edit ad eate e geogaphi
featues. I eatig the shapee fomat, ESrI itetioay eated somethig
that is simpe tha existig topoogi fomats fo desktop (athe tha pofes-
sioa) GIS uses.
Geogaphi dataThe tabua data you use i AGIS a be used i othe pogams ike Exe,
SPSS, SAS, ad STATA, but the geogaphi data you use a oy be used i GIS
pogams. Geogaphi data stoe ifomatio about oatio so that they a
be epeseted as map ayes. Geogaphi data a be ategoized as eto o
aste. This maua deas pimaiy ith eto data.
ShapeesShapees ae the most ommo fomat fo eto data i AGIS. veto data
use poits, ies, ad poygos to epeset map featues. veto GIS is exe-
et fo epesetig disete objets, suh as paes, steets, ad admiistatie
boudaies. veto GIS is ot as good fo epesetig thigs that ay otiu-
ousy oe spae, suh as tempeatue ad eeatio.
Esi eated the shapee fomat i ode to epeset eto GIS data i a
simpe fomat tha thei oeage fomat used i AIfo. As ith othe fomats
of geogaphi data, shapees ik ifomatio about the oatio ad shape
of the map featues to thei attibutes. Othe GIS pogams i ao you to
use shapees, but geogaphi es fom othe GIS pogams must be oeted
to shapees befoe AGIS a ead them. Shapees ae made up of thee o
moe es that eed to be stoed i the same dietoy i ode fo AGIS toeogize them as shapees. whe you ook at you shapees though AMap
o Acataog, you i oy see oe e, but if you ook at them diety o you
had die o thumb die, you i see mutipe es ith the fooig exte-
sios:
.shp - the e that stoes the featue geomety (poit, ie, o poygo)
.shx - the e that stoes the idex of the featue geomety
ImagesAGIS aos you to impot ad expot may diffeet types of images. The
images you impot may be saed pape maps, aeia photos, o othe pitues
o photos that you hot ik to you map featues. AMap a impot a ide
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You i aso eeie a
message that AMap
is uabe to da the
image as a map aye
beause it is missig
ifomatio about
oatio. So hy oud
you add a image
to AMap i the st
pae? Beause images
ike aeia photogaphs
ad saed histoia
maps a be tas-
fomed ito map ayes
though a poess aed
geoetifyig.
age of e types. You a aso expot ished maps i AMap i a umbe
of fomats: EMP, BMP, EPS, TIFF, PDF, JPEG, cGM, JPEG, PcX, ad PnG.
Images ae ike tabes i that they may otai ifomatio about a patiua
oatio, but they do ot stoe oatio ifomatio so they aot be mapped.
whe you add a age image to AMap, you i ofte be pompted to deide
hethe you ish to buid pyamids. Geeay you at to say yes beause
this i make it easie to ok ith the image i AMap.
raste map ayesraste data use gids made up of egua es, o pixes, to epeset spatiay
otiuous data. They ook ike egua images, but eah pixe is assiged ea
od oodiates ad a attibute aue (suh as peipitatio ee o eea-
You a ie aste ayes i
AMap ithout ay ad-
ditioa extesios, but you
eed the Spatia Aayst
extesio to aayze o
eate e aste ayes.
whe aste ayes hae the
same size es, thei aues
a be added, subtated,mutipied, diided ad
queied usig map ageba (a system deeoped by Daa Tomi). You a add
aste data to AMap just as you do eto data, usig the add data. Be sue
to highight the aye you at, the ik add (if you doube ik, you i
see the idiidua bads that make up you aste ay). AMap saes aste
ayes i its GrID fomat. Acataog eogizes GrIDs ad othe image fomats
(iudig BMP, JPEG, TIFF) as aste ayes.
GeodatabasesESrI has moed toad a e geogaphi data mode aed a geodatabase
that used Miosoft AccESS es to stoe mutipe tabes, shapees, ad aste
images. Geodatabases ae moe ompiated tha shapees ad a iese fo
AEdito (ot just Avie) is equied to edit geodatabases. Shapees ae
geeay sufiet fo idiidua pojets, but geodatabases ae moe appopi-
ate fo ok eiomets hee mutipe peope ae aessig ifomatio o
he adaed editig is equied.
tio), so the data a be mapped. The use dees the e size, aoig fo ey
e o ouse aste sufaes. Ee he the e size is ey sma, you a see
the idiidua squae es he you zoom i.
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georectIfyIng IMages
Geoefetifyig aos you to oet a pape map ito a GIS map aye. Es-
setiay, the poess assigs X ad Y oodiates to poits o you digita map
image, shiftig, otatig, ad saig you map so that you a ie it as a map
aye aog ith you shapees. The simpest fom of this, usig osee toos, is
expaied beo. This is espeiay aue fo iopoatig histoia maps to GIS.
ceate a aste image
Sa you pape map. The highe esoutio, the bette. AMap a hade
petty big es, ad it a ok ith ots of e types (.jpg, .tif, .bmp). If you hae
a hoie, go ith .tif ad 300 dpi o bette.
Add efeee ayes (shapees)
Befoe you add you saed image, add a shapee that oes the same geo-
gaphi aea. This might be a steet eteie e, ity boudaies, o somethig
simia. Be sue that you a idetify a fe paes o you saed maps o this
shapee (suh as a admak o steet itesetio). Otheise, you i ot be
abe to use o-see geoetifyig. I ode to stat geoetify-
ig, you eed to sith
bak so that you a seeyou shapee, athe tha
you image. right ik o
the shapee ad hoose
zoom to aye. Fom the
ie meu, hoose toobas,
the Geoefeeig.
Add map imageAdd you image to AMap just as you oud a shapee o tabe, usig the
butto o fom the e meu, hoose add aye. Depedig upo the size of
you image, a diaogue box i ask you if youd ike to add pyamids. cik
OK. Dot oy if you get a aig message that you image aks poje-
tio ifomatio. At this poit, you saed map is just a image, so it shoudt
otai ay spatia ifomatio. The ame of you image shoud o appea i
the tabe of otets, but you i ot see you image da ith you shapee
2 | spatIal data
beause it is i pixe spae sie thee is o oodiate ifomatio. To see you
image, ight ik o the ame ad hoose zoom to aye.
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Fom the geoefeeig meu, hoose t to dispay. no you efeee
aye(s) shoud da o top of you map image i the ie map ido. If you
saed map is upside do, use the Fip o rotate toos.
Add oto poitscik the add oto poits butto. ceate you st oto poit o you
image by ikig oe o you saed map, the ik o the shapee i the
oespodig spot. You image shoud shift ose to you shapee. If it gets
futhe aay, you pobaby eesed the ode. Be sue to ik o you saed
map st, the the shapee. You may d it hepfu to use the magie
ido (fom the ido meu, hoose magie) so that you a see you
map detais ithout zoomig i. cotiue to add oto poits. Afte doig
this a fe times, you image shoud be moe o ess ied up ith you shapee.
cotiue to add oto poits as og as doig so impoes the aigmet.
2 | S P A T I A l D A T A
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I most situatios, you map image i ot ie up pefety ith the shape-
e ad you shoud ot expet it to. The oigia map you saed may hae
bee eated usig a diffeet pojetio system o iuded distotios ad the
map may hae bee futhe distoted o damaged oe time. If the image gets
futhe ad futhe aay fom the shapee, hoee, ty statig oe. Fom
the geoefeeig meu o the geoefeeig tooba, go to deete oto
poits ad eset tasfomatio, the hoose t to dispay agai. You a
aso deete a sige oto poit usig the ie iks butto. The oto poits
ae isted i the ode that you eated them, so the most eet oto poit
i be isted ast. To deete oe, hightight it ad ik the deete (X) butto.
You may d it easie to ie up the saed map ad efeee shapee usig
the magie too. Fom the widos meu, hoose Magie. Moe the Mag-
ie ido oe you maps i aeas hee you ae haig toube iig them
up. You a add oto poits fom iside the Magife ido.
TasfomatiosIf you hae six o moe oto poits, you a pefom a seod ode; if you
hae tee o moe oto poits, you a pefom a thid ode tasfoma-
tio. But be sue to ook at ho these tasfomatios distot you map. You
may be bette off ith the st-ode tasfomatio.
Saig the Geoefeeed Image
I ode to pemaety sae the tasfomatio, hoose Update Geoefe-
eig. This i add the spatia ifomatio diety to you saed map
(meaig you i oose the oigia esio). If you hoose etify fom the
geoefeeig meu, AMap i eate a e image ith the spatia data.
note that the e etied map may be ey age ad may ook sighty diffe-
et (dake, pooe esoutio).
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workIngwIth projectIons
Pojetios ae pobaby the tikiest pat of okig ith spatia data. The
stakes ae high beause if data ae ot pojeted popey, you might ot ee
get you map ayes to da togethe. Dot be afaid to ask someoe fo hep
o to stat oe (dooad the oigia data agai). Hopefuy thee is some
osuatio i koig that most peope hae a had time ith this stuff.
Pojetios maage the distotio that is ieitabe he a spheia (okay,
eipsoid) eath is ieed as a at map. A pojetio systems distot geogaphy
i some ayeithe by distotig aea, shape, distae, dietio, o sae. Thee
ae dozes of diffeet pojetio systems i use beause diffeet systems okbest i diffeet pats of the od ad, ee ithi the same pats of the od,
GIS uses hae diffeet pioities ad eeds. whe you ae ookig at a eatie-
y sma aea, suh as a sige ity, thee is eatiey itte distotio beause the
ue of the eath is sight. But koig ad settig pojetios popey is aso
impotat fo gettig you may ayes to da togethe, distae uits to make
sese, ad some of Avies toos to ok. So i the ed, its patia to take
ae i pojetig you data.
reogizig the coodiate SystemMap ayes a be da aodig to a geogaphi oodiate system (upo-
jeted) o pojeted oodiate system. Geogaphi oodiate systems idiate
oatio usig ogitude ad atitude based o a sphee (o spheoid) hie
pojeted oodiate systems use X ad Y based o a pae. As og as ompute
sees ad pited maps ae at, pojeted oodiate systems i be moe
appopiate fo okig ith GIS data. You may ot aays ko the oodi-
ate system beig used, patiuay if you iheit data o dooad it fom the
Iteet. If you ae uky, the map aye i iude a .poj e hih otais
ifomatio about the oodiate system, o the metadata i poide some
expaatio. You a ook at the ifomatio i the .pj ethe detaied spatia
efeee ifomatioby ikig o the geea tab of the aye popeties
fom AMap. Ateatiey, you
a ik o the eds tab of the
aye popeties fom Acataog,
ik iside the shape ed ad
ik o the butto to the ight
of Spatia refeee. You a
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wokig ith Upojeted layes
I most ases, you i at to oet upojeted map ayesthose ith a
geogaphi oodiate systemto pojeted map ayes. Ay of the es you
dooad fom the US cesus ebsite o Esi TIGEr es site i be i this u-
pojeted fomat. Thee ae to steps ioed i this poess. Fist, you must
eate a .poj e by deig the map aye as upojeted; the you a
pojet the map aye usig the pojetio of you hoie. You a aess the
toos fo doig this by ikig o the AToobox io iside AMap. cik o
data maagemet toos ad the pojetios ad tasfomatios.
Deig pojetiosDeig a pojetio egistes the uet oodiate system of you map aye.
It ioes epotig to Avie the atue of the data that you hae, ot
hagig that data. To dee the oodiate system fo you upojeted map
aye, ik o the Dee Pojetio izad. Fist you i be asked to hoose
a data aye. If you added the eeat map aye to AMap, you i be abe
to d it i the dopdo meu. Otheise you i eed to ik o the fode
io to oate you map aye. The you a hoose the oodiate system usig
the butto. cik the seet butto o the Spatia refeee Popeties. I most
ases, you a hoose Geogaphi coodiate Systems, noth Ameia, ad
nAD 1983 Datum, the ik okay. You shoud ot otie a diffeee i ho
the map aye is da as a esut of deig the oodiate system. But as a
esut of deig it, thee is o a .poj e assoiated ith you map aye ad
you a ook at the detaied spatia efeee ifomatio. Befoe you dee a
aye as upojeted, Avie i efe to it as assumed geogaphi.
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wokig ith Pojeted Map layesSometimes the map ayes you aquie i aeady be pojeted but ot ay
a .poj e so you ot ko the pojetio. The best thig to do i this situa-
tio is to ook at the oigia soue fo ifomatio about the pojetio system,
eithe o a ebsite, i metadata that ame ith the e, o by aig the peso
ho eated the data. If these appoahes a fai to eea the pojetio, map
the data i ode to guess the pojetio. You may eogize the pojetio by
the uits shoig i the gay ba beo the map. If they ae ot i ogitude
ad atitude, they ae pobaby pojeted. As you ok ith a patiua poje-
tio system, you i ome to eogize the map uits ad age of oodiate
aues. Fo exampe, State Pae oodiates fo Phiadephia ae geeay i
feet ad ook ike 2691607.78, 246268.98. UTM oodiates i be i metes ad
ook ike 486850.72, 4430095.19.
Pojetig shapeesPojetig a shapee hages the pojetio system. You a oy do this if you
hae deed (egisteed) the existig pojetio. You a pojet map ayes
that ae upojeted (geogaphi oodiate system) o hage the pojetio
o ayes that aeady hae a pojeted oodiate system. I ode to pojet
the map aye, ik o the Pojet izad. If you ae pojetig a shapee, use
the Pojet izad isted ude Featues. If you ae pojetig a aste image,
use the pojet izad isted ude aste.
As ith the dee izad, you i be asked to speify the map aye. next,
beause you i be hagig
the oigia aye, you ae asked
to ame the e aye that
i be eated. By defaut,
Avie i add _Pojet to
the oigia ame. You may
ish to gie you aye a diffe-
et ame. cik o the butto
to the ight of Output coodiate System to hoose you pojetio. cik o
the seet butto o the Spatia refeee Popeties, the hoose Pojeted
coodiate Systems. no you eed to hoose you pojetio. Fo eatiey
sma aeas ike Phiadephia, the diffeees i pojetio systems (the disto-
tio i shape, aea, distae, dietio, ad sae) ae miima. You ae best off
hoosig hatee pojetio system is most ommoy used. I Phiadephia,
that is State Pae 1983 (feet) Pesyaia South. Fo the Phiadephia MSA,
oside UTM zoe 18n. Afte makig you seetio, ik okay. Avie i
idiate that thee is a Datum oit betee map ad output. I ode to
map you ey pojeted aye, eate a e AMap doumet ad add the
e (pojeted) aye. You shoud otie a hage i the oodiates that sho
i the bottom ight of the map.
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3 | MakIng Maps
syMbolIzIng poInts
The ea stegth of a GIS is i aoig you to use diffeet symbos to epeset
diffeet aues, ikig you attibute data to you spatia data. AMap offes
a ide age of oos ad symbos fo epesetig you poit data. Keep i
mid that just beause thee ae ea iite ombiatios that the simpest
symbos (suh as bok dots) may be the most effetie.
Sige SymboThe defaut i AMap is to epeset a poits ith the same size, shape, ad
oo symbo. This is ho AMap i dispay you poit shapees he they ae
st added to a map doumet o he you eate them though geoodig oaddig XY data. Ope the aye popeties (doube ik o the shapee ame
o ight ik ad go to Popeties,) ad ik o the Symboogy tab. I the
box o the eft side, sige symbo i be highighted. You a hage the size,
shape, o oo of the symbo by ikig o it, but as og as Sige symbo is
seeted, a of you poits i appea the same.
chagig the symboAvie has umeous paettes of symbos used i aious idusties, suh as
oseatio ad poiig. These speiaized symbos ae effetie he usedaefuy ith a audiee that i eogize them as idusty stadads. The
symbos iuded i the defaut paette may ot be idea fo you map. Fo
exampe, the symbo fo a shoo beas itte esembae to a age uba
shoo. To ie additioa paete, ik o the stye efeees butto. The
ii paette otais a umbe of hoies fo shoos. I most ases, hoee,
you ae bette off stikig ith the defaut symbos. You dot eed the symbo
of a eede to epeset dug imes. resist the temptatio to make you dots
ook ike the ea thig (suh as a dead body fo a homiide) These ae, afte a,
symbos ad you i be abe to desibe the symbo i the eged.
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categoiescategoia aiabes assify data ito uique ategoies so that eah obse-
atio (eet, peso, buidig, et.) ts i oy oe ategoy. Fo exampe, a
hospita might be maaged by a o-pot, huh, fedea goemet, state
goemet, o fo-pot etitity. The uique aues optio isted ude ate-
goies i the symboogy tab aos you to use a diffeet symbo fo eah of the
poits i a shapee based o a ategoia aiabe. This a ok e fo sma
es (10 o fee poits) but a quiky be oehemig fo age es. choose
the ed ith the aues you ish to use to epeset you poits, the ik the
Add A vaues butto i ode to big up a the ategoies. If you at to
sho oy a fe ategoies (fo exampe, bus stops fo a subset of outes), ik
the Add vaues butto, highight the aues you at, ad ik OK.
AMap i ist a symbo fo that you a emoe by takig
aay the hek mak. You a hage the idiidua symbos by ikig o
them. You a make hages to a of the symbos, o seeted symbos (hod
do the shift key to seet to o moe) by ight ikig. To emoe a aue,
ight ik o it ad hoose remoe vaue(s). Use the bak aos o the fa
ight to moe aues up ad do (the ode hee i be the ode you auesappea i the eged o you map).
choose oos that ommuiate that these ae sepaate ategoies. Dot use a
gaduated oo amp ith ight to dak shades of the same oo. This impies
that oe ategoy is moe o ess tha aothe he, i eaity, they ae just
diffeet. I additio to diffeet oos, you a use diffeet sizes ad symbos...
but dot go too azy.
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Quatitiescategoia aiabes oespod to ategoies ad ae geeay epeseted
usig text aiabes (o umbes used as odes fo idiidua ategoies). Quati-
ties, suh as the popuatio of a ity o ai emissios, ae otiuous ad must
be peseted ith umbes. Gaduated symbos ad popotioa symbos ae
the best hoies to sho diffeet quatitatie aues fo poits. Gaduated
symbos ao you to hae diffeet size symbos to epeset diffeet attibute
aues. with the symboogy tab atie, ik o Quatities ad the Gadu-
ated symbos. Fom the vaues: dopdo meu, seet the ed ith the
aues you ish to use. Use the asses dopdo meu to hage the umbe
of ategoies. Thee ae may ays to beak up aue ages ito ategoies.
To hage the assiatio system, ik o the cassify butto ad use the
Method dopdo meu to hoose a diffeet assiatio system. Thee is o
oe ight assiatio system. You hoie shoud be based o the distibutio
of you aues ad the goas of you map. I the ed, you at to make sue
that you hae a map that shos aiabiity, so you dot at a assiatio
system that goups eeythig togethe.
Natural Breaks (Jenks): This is the defaut i AGIS. It uses a foma
(Jeks Optimizatio) to miimize the aiae ithi asses ad maximize
the aiae betee asses. It usuay oks e, but be sue to oud off
the aues mauay.
Equal Interval: This souds ike a good idea beause it beaks you
data ito asses of equa size. The pobem is, most data ae ot distibuted
eey so this usuay makes maps ith ots of obseatios (map featues)
i oy oe o to asses. Quantile: This diides the obseatios (map featues) ito ee goups of
4 (quatie) o 5 (quitie). By deitio, it does a good job of shoig ai-
abiity.
Standard Deviation: This shos ho fa aues ae fom the mea. It
oks e he you at to sho ho exteme high ad o aues ae,
but you pobaby at to modify the eged to sho atua aues ad
ot stadad deiatios hih dot make sese to most audiees.
You a aso adjust the utoff poits by moig the bue etia ies i the his-
togam beo that sho the fequey of aues. Ateatiey, you a hage
aues mauay o the peious see by ikig o them (you i oy be
abe to hage the edig aue).
Popotioa symbos ae simia to gaduated symbos, but the size of the
symbo eets the eatie size of the quatity. Fo exampe, a hospita that has
100 beds oud be epeseted ith a symbo that is tie as age as a hospita
ith 50 beds. Popotioa symbos ae pefeabe exept i situatios hee the
symbos beome too age ad obsue othe poits.
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syMbolIzIng polygons (area data)
The optios fo symboizig poygos (suh as esus tats) ae basiay the
same as the optios fo symboizig poits, but the attibute data that you hae
fo poygos i ofte be diffeet so you i utiize the same optios i diffe-
et ays.
Gaduated cooYou a use diffeet ooso diffeet shades of the same ooto epe-
set diffeet otiuous aiabes (suh as househod iome o media age)
to eate hoopeth maps. Fom laye Popeties, ik o the symboogy
tab. O the eft side of the see, ik o Quatities ad Gaduated coo.
choose the ed ith the aues you ish to use. Use the casses dopdo
meu ad the optios i cassify to hage the umbe of ategoies o
method fo beakig aues ito ategoies.
choopeth maps ae geeay bette at epesetig ates (suh as peet
egisteed otes) athe tha outs (suh as tota otes). You a tasfom
out data ito ate data usig the nomaizatio dopdo meu i the
gaduate oo optio. I ode to use this appopiatey, you i eed to
seet the aiabe fom you attibute tabe that sees as a appopiate
deomiato. Fo exampe, i ode to sho the peet of househods eei-
ig pubi assistae, omaize the tota umbe of househods eeiig pubi
assistae by the tota umbe of househods. Do ot use the optio to eate a ate (this i use a deomiato based o the tota
umbe of map featues, ot a tue deomiato fo you aiabe).
Gaduated oo oks best he you use the same shade of a sige oo, ith
ighte shades epesetig oe aues ad dake shades epesetig highe
aues, o ituitie oo shemes suh as yeo to oage to ed o yeo to
gee to bue. But keep i mid that it may be impossibe to distiguish betee
moe tha fou o e shades of the same oo, depedig upo the quaity of
you pite.
coo amps ike these sho a
ituitie amp fom o (ight) to
high (dak). Use these to epeset
otiuous aues.
Diegig oo amps ike these
ok e he you eed to sho
aboe ad beo a mea (std).
coo amps ike these dot hae
a ituitie high o o.
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You a e tue you oos by goig to moe oos he hoosig a oo
fom the symbo seeto. Hee you a pay ith the hue(H), satuatio(S), ad
aue(v).
customizig a oo ampYou a eate you o oo amp if you ae ot happy ith ay of the
defaut hoies. To do so, go to the customize meu ad hoose Stye
Maage. Expad the fode o the top eft ad ik o the coo ramps
fode right ik i the empty spae o the ight, hoose e, ad seet Ago-
ithmi coo ramp. Seet a oo fo coo 1 (the begiig of the oo amp),
the a seod oo fo coo 2. Gie you e oo amp a ame ad ose the
Type the ame of the e oo i the cotets ido. You e oo amps
shoud appea at the top of the dopdo ist of oo amps i the Symboogy
tab.
3
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The e oo amp I eated
(aboe) i sho at the top
of my ist of oo amps i
the Symboogy tab (beo).
You a d a moe detaied
expaatio of agoithmi,
adom, muti-pat, ad
peset oo amps that a
be eated i AGIS i the
hep setio.
Fi PattesYou a use diffeet pattes i additio to, o istead of, usig diffeet oos
to epeset diffeet aues. Pattes ae patiuay hepfu he you ae
estited to pitig maps i bak ad hite. choose Gaduated coos fom
the Symboogy tab ad seet the ed ith the aues you at to dispay. Set
the umbe of asses ad the method of assiatio, so that you ae happy
ith the aue ages. The ik o the symbos ad hage the usig the
symbo seeto. cik o the Popeties butto to e-tue the patte. This
may ioe hagig the bakgoud fom hite to no oo so you a
da a aye symboized ith a patte o top of a aye ith soid oos i
ode to see the eatioship betee to diffeet attibutes.
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Dot DesityDot desity maps use adomy paed dots ithi poygos to epeset dif-
feet aues fo aggegate data. They poide a ateatie to hoopeth
maps fo out data. If you use this optio, be sue to emembead aefuy
ommuiate o you mapthat the poits do ot epeset peise oatios,
as they do i a poit aye. Faiig to do so may geeate ofusio ad oe
about data odetiaity. Oe majo imitatio of this type of map is that the
dots may be distibuted aoss pats of the poygo that dot make sese. Fo
exampe, if you use dot desity to sho the umbe of foeig-bo i a map
of outies, the dots might appea i o-esidetia aeas. You a aoid this
pobem by seetig a mask (suh as paks ad idustia aeas) hee dots
shoud ot be paed.
To eate a dot desity map, ope the laye Popeties ad make the Symbo-
ogy tab atie. cik o Quatities ad dot desity. Fom Fied Seetio,
hoose the ed you ish to use as the basis fo the map. couts (suh as the
tota umbe of househods o pubi assistae) ae appopiate fo dot desity
maps, but aeages, medias, ad ates ae ot. choose you dot size, o keep
the defaut (hih is adisabe, at east to stat). The Mi, Mea, ad Max
boxes i gie you a peie of ho you map i ook. The Dot vaue
idiates ho may uits eah dot epesets. chage this as eeded to eatedot desities that hae eough dots to sho aiatio but ot so may that they
ae a o top of eah othe. You a hage the oo of the dot by ikig o it
ude Symbo i the top ight pat of the see. chekig maitai desity
i esue that the dot desity ooks the same as you zoom i ad out (by
makig the dots bigge ad smae).
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Pie chatschats ae good fo shoig mutipe aues ad the eatioship betee
aues o diffeet aiabes. Pie hats ae espeiay good fo shoig popo-
tios. Fo exampe, idiidua pie piees a be used to sho the beakdo i
ae fo the popuatio i a esus tat. Fo the pies to ok, you must be abe
to put eey peso ito a aia goup, o you must use a othe ategoy.
Pies otai a ot of ifomatio, so it a be difut to dispay them eay. To
eate pie hats, ik o chats ad Pie fom the Symboogy tab. Hodig
do the shift key, seet the eds that you at to iude. Make sue that
togethe, they add up to 100 peet (you may eed to eate ad auate
a e othe ed i you attibute tabe befoe usig hats). cik o the
Bakgoud butto to hage the oo o (Hoo o hite bakgouds
might be best, so that you dot hae too may oos i you map). If you hek
Peet chat Oeap, Avie i use eade ies to idiate hee the
pie hats beog if thee is o oom to dispay them ithi the map featue.
cik o the Popeties butto to make adjustmets to the ook of the pie (3D,
otatio, height).
cik o the Size butto if you at to hae diffeet size pie hats deped-
ig upo the tota (suh as tota popuatio). If you hoose to vay size usig
a ed, you may eed to exude eods ith a zeo aue. To do this, ik othe Exusio butto ad, usig the appopiate ed ame, eate a expessio
suh as [TotaPop] = 0. You may eed to pay ith the miimum size o the
peious see to make the maximum size pie hat a easoabe size.
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Ba/coum chatsBa hats a be used to ompae aues o to o moe aiabes that do ot
epeset popotios (they dot hae to be subsets that add to 100 peet).
Fo exampe, the map o the ight ompaes the tota popuatio by bok
goup to the tota umbe of househods. To sith fom oum (etia) to ba
(hoizota) hats, go to Popeties o the Symboogy tab of laye Popeties
ad sith the adio butto ude Oietatio.
Staked chatsStaked hats a be used to ompae aues o to o moe aiabes (suh as
ae) that ae subsets of a age aiabe (suh as tota popuatio) he you
dot ko, o dot at to dispay, a of the subsets. You hae may of the
same optios fo fomattig (size, oo) that you hae ith the othe types of
hats.
labelIng features
labeig featues a be fustatig ad tedious, but abeig featues e is
impotat to makig you maps eadabe ad ommuiatig thei meaig,
so its oth the effot to ea.
Usig Text Boxes to labe FeatuesYou a pae text o a map i ode to abe map featues. The text toos
equie that you type the featue ame yousef hie the abe toos take ad-
atage of featue ames stoed i the attibute tabe. The text too a ok
e if you oy hae a fe map featues to abe.
cik o the age ette A o the daig
tooba. This i big up see diffeet
text ad abe optios. cik o the A. cik
o you map hee you at you text to
appea ad type you abe i the text box.
Hit the ete key, o ik you uso outside
the text box to ompete. You a moe
the text aoud usig the Seet Eemets
too. Doube ikig o the text i big up
the Popeties, hee you a hage the
size ad fot (usig the chage Symbo
butto).
The callout text tool oks simiay, exept that it aos you to pae you
text aay fom the map featue hie sti idiatig hat is beig abeed. cik
o the too ad the ik o you map featue. Befoe ettig go, you a moe
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the uso to hee you oud ike the abe to be. Type you abe. Usig the
Seet Items too, you a moe the text box so that it is ose o futhe fomthe map featue. The yeo bakgoud ith bak text may ot be hat you
at (atuay, it pobaby ot be hat you at).
Fom the text popeties diaogue box, hoose hage symbo, the
popeties, the the adaed text tab, the the popeties butto beo
text bakgoud. Fom hee, you a hoose betee to diffeet stye
aouts. cik o the symbo butto to hage the bakgoud oo.
A thid optio is the spline text tool. This aos you to ite text aog a
ued ie. This oks e fo abeig ies ad uy oads. cik o the spie
too, the ik o the statig poit fo you abe. cotiue to ik aog the
ue (you dot eed to make may iks) ad doube ik to ish. The
type you abe i the text box. You i pobaby eed to ty this seea times
to get a abe ith hih you ae happy (just ik o the abe ith the Seet
Eemets too ad hit the deete key to deete a abe).
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Mauay Paig labesUsig the abe toos i AMap, athe tha the text toos, aos you to use the
aues i a ayes attibute tabe fo you abes (i othe ods, you dot hae
to type the abe out as you do ith the text toos). By mauay paig abes,
you aso aoid haig you abes at as a goup (hih happes ith auto
abeig), so its easie to moe o edit a sige abe.
Befoe you a use the abe toos i AMap, you eed to idiate hih ed
i the attibute tabe of you map aye you at to use as the basis fo abes.
Fom laye Popeties, ik o the labes tab. leae the abe featues i
this aye box empty (ikig this eates auto abes). choose the appopiate
ed fom the labe Fied dopdo meu. cik o symbo to hage the size,
stye, o fot fo you abes. (Guessig hat size to make you abes is dif-
ut ad you i pobaby eed to make sma adjustmets afte seeig hat
oks). Usig the Paemet Popeties butto, you a istut Avie hat
to do about dupiate abes. The Sae rage aos you to istut Avie
he to da o ot da abes, depedig o the extet. I ode to do this,
you eed to ko the exat saes you be usig (so you pobaby just at toeae this aoe). The labe Styes butto gies you aess to some faie abe
optios. The highay abes ae patiuay hepfu. no you a use the abe
too to mauay abe you map featues.
cose the laye Popeties diaog box.
cik o the butto maked A o the
daig tooba ad hoose the labe
too. The labeig Optios ido
i ope. Deide if you at Avie
to deide the best abe positio o if you
at to detemie that yousef. The
choose a stye adio butto gies you
aess to those faie abes agai. You
a moe these abes (usig the Seet
Eemets too hih is the bak ao)
ad hage thei size ad stye (doube
ik to big up Popeties). You a
deete a abe by ikig o it ad pessigthe Deete key o the keyboad. To
deete a abes, fom the Edit meu
hoose Seet a eemets ad ik the
Deete key.
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Auto labeigYou may d it easie to automatiay abe a of you featues. This saes time
if you ae happy ith the ay the abes ook, but it offes you muh ess oto
oe the abe paemet. whe you automatiay abe featues, the abes
ae dyami so hages you make to oe (moig it, hagig the stye) ae
made to a. To abe you map featues automatiay, go to laye Pope-
ties, ik o the labe tab, ad put a hek mak i the labe Featues i this
aye box. You a aso abe automatiay by ight ikig a map aye ad
goig to labe Featues. To deete you abes, you eed to etu to the
labe Popeties box ad emoe the hek mak fom labe Featues i this
aye box o ight ik ad go to labe Featues. You a seet I the map
as a pae to stoe the aotatio.
coetig labes to AotatioOe soutio to the pobem that auto abeig pesets ith goups of abes is
to oet them to aota-
tio. This aos them to
futio as idiidua text
boxes so you a hage the
stye fo a sige abe. To do
this, ight ik o you map
aye afte abeig it ad go
to coet labes to A-
otatio.
Usig a Hao ith labesSometimes abes ae difut to see o top of a map that iudes may diffe-
et shades ad oos. By eatig a hao aoud the abe, it i stad out. To
eate a hao, doube-ik o the abe text to big up the Popeties diaog
box, the ik hage symbo, popeties, ad seet the mask tab. choose
the hao adio butto. You a seet a hao oo othe tha hite ad adjust
the thikess (1.5 poit may be eough).
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desIgnIng Map layouts
Dispayig data so that you a aayze spatia pattes o a ompute see
is oe thig; pitig out a map fo othe peope to ook at is quite aothe.
AMap thiks of these as distit futios ad makes aaiabe a seies of toos
fo desigig map ayouts that you dot eed uti you ae eady to pit.
layout viewhe you ope AMap, you ae i Data vie ad use the Toos tooba to
aigate you map. whe you sith to the layout vie, you hae aess to
a diffeet age of toos ad use the layout tooba to aigate. To sith to
layout vie, ik o the io at the bottom of you map dispay that ooksike a piee of pape (ext to the gobe io) o, fom the vie meu, go to
layout vie.
To make you map age o smae
o the page, you a use the zoom
toos o the Toos tooba o o the
layout tooba. The layout toobaaso iudes a pa too that you
a use to moe you hoe ayout.
To moe just you map (ad ot
the hoe page), use the pa too
i the Toos tooba. The xed zoom
toos i the layout tooba ok
ike the oes o the Toos tooba.
The Zoom to hoe page butto is
espeiay usefu.
Oe of the biggest diffeees i layout vie is that may moe optios i the
Iset meu beome atie. These optios ao you to add eemetsiud-
ig a tite, eged, oth ao, sae ba, ad imageto you ayout. Eah of
these i be sepaate objets i you ayout that a be moed ad esized
though thei Popeties. You ot see ay of them if you sith bak to Data
vie sie they ae meat to aify pited maps, ot hep you itepet you
map o see (i fat, the ayout ie is pobaby moe ofusig to ook at
fom the see beause it adds so may eemets ad usuay shiks you
map). You a add text i the layout vie, but you ae bette off tyig to
abe featues fom the Data vie, usig the abe o text toos.
I layout vie, you get a muh bette idea of ho you map i ook heits pited. AMap i automatiay pae a bode (eat ie) aoud you
map. You a emoe this by ight ikig o the bode (so the ie is tuquoise
ad pefoated) ad goig to Popeties. cik o the Fame tab. Fom hee
you a hoose a diffeet stye o oo fame (to get id of it atogethe, hoose
o oo fom the oo seeto). You a aso hage the bakgoud oo
ad add a shado (to add a shado, you eed to hage the X ad Y offset
to somethig othe tha 0).
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wokig ith Gids ad ruesYou a big up a umbe of optios aimed
at hepig you to pae the objets ithi you
ayout by ight ikig i you ayout outside
of the eat ies. Fom Optios, you a
speify ue uits ad tu o ad off ues
ad gids he the layout Optios tab is
highighted. choosig to sap to the gid o
ues i hep you to ie up objets, but it
i aso imit you abiity to make e-ee
adjustmets.
Addig a TiteTo add a tite, fom the Iset meu go to
Tite. Type you tite i the text box ad hit
the ete key o ik the uso outside the
text box. Doube ik o the tite to big up
the Popeties hee you a make hages to the text ad fomattig.
Addig a leged
Uess you abes ae abe to fuy expai you map featues, you i at aeged o you ayout. AMap gies you geat exibiity i fomattig you
eged, ad a the hoies a be oehemig. To add a eged, fom the
Iset meu go to leged. You st hoie is hat map ayes you at
iuded. Avie i guess that you at to iude a atie ayes. This may
ot be the ase if you hae ayes suh as a outy bouday, ies, o othe
obious featues that dot eed to be iuded i the eged. To emoe a aye
fom the eged, ik o its ame o the ight side of this st see ad ik
o the
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wizad, you a gie you eged a tite o eae the od leged as the
tite (o just eae it bak). The thid see aos you to eate a fame ad
shado aoud you eged (ot eessay, but depedig upo you ayout it
may be hepfu, patiuay if you gae you ayout a bakgoud oo). Othe fouth see, you a hage the symbos ad symbo size used to epeset
ies ad poygos i you ayout. O the a see, you a make adjustmets
to the spaig betee items i you eged. cik Fiish. To make hages
afte you hae eated you eged, doube ik o it to big up Popeties.
ceaig up you map egedchaes ae that you eed to ea up you eged at this poit. Some of you
map aye ames may hae udesoes o othe ypti otatios. The eged
i use the same ames that appea i the tabe of otets. You a hage
the abe ames i the tabe of otets ithout hagig the ame of the
shapees o you ompute. Fom the tabe of otets, ik oe o the map
aye ame, the ik agai (but ot quiky). The abe ame shoud beome
highighted, aoig you to make hages. You a aso hage the map abe
ames fom the laye Popeties diaog box, fom the Geea tab.
You may aso eed to tasate some of the aues that appea i you eged.
Fo exampe, you may hoose to symboize a pae shapee ith to diffeet
oos fo the odes 1000 ad 9999 hih epeset steets ad sideaks,
espetiey. Fom the Symboogy tab, type i steet ad sideak ude
the labes. Be aefu ot to hage the umbes isted ude vaue beause
this i hage you map.
Fo maps symboized usig gaduate
oos, you may aso at to make ad-
justmets usig the labe setio. Fo
iome, be sue to add $ ad ommas.
Fo peetages, ik o the odlabe i the Symboogy tab, hoose
fomat abes ad seet peetage.
If you umbe ooks ike a deima (0.15
fo 15%), hoose the seod adio butto
ad ik o numei optio. Hee you
a hage the umbe of deimas (i
most ases, hoose 0 o 1).
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MultIple-Map layouts
You may eed to eate a pited map that iudes moe tha oe map, eithe
beause you at t eeythig (suh as Aaska ad Haaii) o you mai
map, you at to sho a seies of sma mutipes (same map ith diffeet
aiabes), o beause you at to zoom ito a sma aea fo you mai map
ad idiate o a smae oeie map hat aea the age map oes.
Addig Goup layesMost of the time you i oy eed oe data
fame i a map doumet. wokig ith
data fames a make you map doumet
ompiated ad poe to ash. But if you
eed to iude moe tha oe map i you
ayout (iudig the same map at a diffeet
extet), you eed to o moe data fames.
whe you ope AMap, you just hae
oe data fame (aed laye) ad eey
map aye you add to you map doumet
beomes pat of this fame. To eate a seod
data fame, fom the Iset Meu go to AddGoup laye.
To add e data to a patiua data fame,
ight ik o its ame ad go to Add Data
o highight its ame ad use the Add Data
butto (o, fom the Iset meu, go to Add Data). If you at to moe a
aye to a diffeet data fame oe it is i AMap, ight ik o it ad go
rotatig a MapYou a otate you map to bette t the page o to make it easie to ead (just
beause you a do this doest mea its a good idea). If you do this, make sue
that you hae a oth ao o you map. As you otate you map, you oth
ao i adjust to idiate hih dietio is oth. Fom the vie meu, go
to Toobas (o just ight ik o a gay pat of the GUI) ad Data Fame Toos.
cik o the rotate Data Fame butto, the ik ad hod do o you
map, moig you map to hage the otatio. To estoe the oigia oieta-
tio, ik o the cea rotatio butto.
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ceatig Iset MapsIf you at to hae a oeie map that shos o a age map the outie of
the aea you detaied map iudes, you eed to eate a extet etage.
To do this, foo the istutios aboe to eate to map ayes: a detai aye
ad a oeie aye.
Zoom i o you detai aye i the map ie ad esize it i the ayout ie so
that it ooks the ay you at. The ight ik o the oeie aye i you
tabe of otets. Fom Popeties ik o the Extet retage tab. Moe
you detai aye fom the eft to the ight side. cik o the Fame butto to
make hages to the outie of you box.
to copy. The ight ik o the ame of the data fame hee you at
to moe it ad go to Paste laye. The ayes i oy oe data fame a be
dispayed i the map ie at a gie time. It does ot matte hih oe is isted
st i the tabe of otets; it mattes hih oe is atie. To dispay the ayesi a data fame, ight ik o its ame ad go to Atiate. whe you sith
to the ayout ie, you i see that thee ae to map images, oe fo eah
data fame. You i ikey eed to esize ad moe these to t togethe.
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exportIng Maps
If you just eed pape opies of you maps, you i pobaby hae the best
esuts pitig them fom Avie. But if you eed to iset maps ito Poe
Poit o od poessig es, i eed to expot you maps.
Expotig PoessYou a expot a map fom AMap he you ae i Data vie o layout
vie. Hoee, if you at you expoted map to iude tites, egeds, sae
bas, oth aos, ad aythig ese you added to the ayout, you at to
expot fom layout vie. Fom the Fie meu, go to Expot Map. Thee ae
may optios fo expot fomats i the Sae as type dop domeu.
.PDF: The .pdf fomat aos you to ope the map diety (ithout isetig
it ito PoePoit o MS wod) as og as you hae Aobat reade. This is
pobaby the best optio if you eed to sed someoe a map o post a map o
the Iteet.
.JPG: The .jpg fomat i ompomise the quaity of you image, so be sue to
ik o the optios butto he you expot ad iease the esoutio to at
east 200 dpi (300 dpi i be as good as you eed fo most thigs). The .jpgfomat is good beause it stoes you map i a faiy sma e.
.TIF and .EPS: The .tif ad .eps fomats ok e if you ae goig to ope you
maps i a gaphis softae pakage, but they esut i age es.
Screen Capture: If a ese fais, you a take a see aptue (push the pit
see butto o at + pit see buttos, the hoose paste) ad op the
image, but this i ot esut i a pesetatio-quaity map.
Isetig Maps ito Poe PoitSae you map as a .jpg. with Poe Poit ope, go to the Iset meu,
Pitue, ad fom e, the naigate to you map image ad ik Iset.
You may otie that thee is a ot of hite spae aoud you map. Eimiate
this usig the op too. You must hae the map image atie (ik o it so that
you see sma squaes at the oes). cik o the op too ad op the image
by ikig o oe of the sma boxes ad daggig the uso (if you do this
ithout haig the op too atie, you i shik the hoe image).
You ae pobaby bette off eatig map tites i Poe Poit athe tha
Avie. Aso, if you ae makig a map speiay fo Poe Poit, oside
makig the eged age tha usua (14 poits o moe) so that you audiee
a ead it.
Isetig Maps ito Miosoft wodFoo the same poedues fo isetig a map ito Miosoft wod. You may
hae ess exibiity i moig the map aoud tha i PoePoit, but you
shoud be abe to op ad esize it.
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workIngwIth tables
Attibute Tabes fo ShapeesEey shapee has a attibute tabe assoiated ith it. You a ope the tabe
by ight ikig o the shapee ame ad goig to ope attibute tabe.
The tabe i hae as may os, o eods, as it does map featues. The tota
umbe of eods i be sho at the bottom of you tabe. Thee a be ay
umbe of oums (eds). To oums ae stadad: FID, the featue ID, ad
Shape, hih a be poit, poyie, o poygo. The est of the eds i ay. I
most ases, thee i aso be a oum that ideties eah map featue ith a
uique ame, suh as a esus tat umbe o eighbohood ame. Thee may
be additioa eds idetifyig attibutes of the map featue (type of ime at a
patiua addess, umbe of peope iig i a esus tat).
Othe Attibute TabesOfte you i hae attibute data i a tabe sepaate fom you shapee. Fo
exampe, you may hae a esus tat shapee ith o attibute ifomatio
ad a tabe ith a of the 2000 esus tat data. AMap a ead Exe (.xs),
dBase (.dbf), omma-deimited (.txt o .s) ad tab-deimited (.tab) text tabes
but i oy ao editig fo .dbf tabes (you a oet .txt tabes to .dbf i
EXcEl, SPSS, AccESS, o i AMap). You a add attibute tabes to AMap
just as you do shapees, usig the add data butto, fom the e meu, Add
Data. o fom cataog wido. You must hae the Tabe of cotets set fo
list by Soues i ode to see tabes isted. Ope these attibute tabes the
same ay: ight ik o the ame ad go to Ope.
You a ok ith tabessot aues, feeze oums, geeate summay statis-
tis, seet eods, ad expot tabesithout oyig about messig up you
oigia data the ay you a i Exe if you ae ot aefu. You aot hage
ay of the data i you tabe uess you go to stat editig fom the edito
tooba exept to add o deete eds.
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Sotig reodsYou a sot aues i a attibute tabe by ight ikig o the ed ame ad
goig to sot asedig o sot desedig.
Feezig coumsFeeze a oum (meaig that it i emai i ie ee as you so) by ight
ikig o the ed ame ad goig to Feeze/Ufeeze coum.
Summay StatistisYou a big up summay statistis fo ay umei ed (umei eds i be
justied ight) by ight ikig o the ed ame ad hoosig Statistis. You
a obtai summay statistis o additioa eds fom the dop do meu.
Seetig reodsYou a seet a subset of you eods to ook at moe osey i a umbe of
diffeet ays. You a highight a idiidua eod (o) by ikig i the
gay aea at the fa eft side of the tabe. To highight mutipe eods, hod the
oto key do. At the bottom of the tabe, AMap i idiate ho may
of the tota eods ae highighted. cik o the Seeted butto to ie oy
the seeted eods. You a sith the seetio, so that a of the highighted
eods beome u-highighted ad a u-highighted eods beome high-
ighted. Fom the optios meu, hoose Sith Seetio. You a aso seet a
eods o ea seetio fom the optios meu.
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Expotig TabesYou may eed to expot you tabe fom AMap, beause you hae made
hages, eed to oet a .txt tabe to .dbf, o fo ay othe easo. with you
tabe ope, go to the optios meu ad Expot. If you hae some eods high-
ighted, you a hoose to expot just the seeted eods o a of the eods.
Deete FiedYou a deete a ed by ight ikig o its ame ad goig to Deete Fied.
AMap i gie you a aig that the deetio is pemaet ad ot ees-
ibe. Do this ith autio. chages i be pemaet ot just ithi you mapdoumet, but i you oigia e o you had die, as e.
calculatIng valuesIn tables
You may d it easie to edit you attibute tabes outside of Avie, but
Avie has faiy sophistiated toos fo auatig aues. I Avie, you a
edit aues i a existig ed o eate a e ed ad auate e aues.
Keep i mid that you aot hage the fomat (text, itege, og itege) of
a existig oum, so if you eed to tasfom the fomat of a oum, you i
eed to eate a e ed.
ceatig a ne FiedTo eate a e ed, ope you tabe i AMap (you a aso add eds fom
Acataog). This a be a fee-stadig tabe o oe that is assoiated ith a
map aye, but oy .dbf tabes a be edited. cik o the Tabe Optios meu
(top eft oe of the attibute tabe) ad go to Add Fied. If this optio is
gayed out, you do ot hae pemissio to edit the tabe. Most ikey, this is
beause you tabe is i .xs fomat. If this is the ase, expot the tabe (a optio
ithi that same meu) ad sae it as a .dbf. Add the .dbf esio bak i ad
ty agai.
Fom Add Fied, gie you ed a ame. Do ot use ?,&,$,#,@,*,!,~ o spaes
ad keep you ed ame to 10 o fee haates. Fom the dopdo meu,hoose the type of ed. Diffeet ed types ao diffeet types of aues:
Short integer: umei, o deima pae, up to 19 haates
Long integer: umei, o deima pae, up to 19 haates
Float: umei, ith deima paes, (defaut 1 befoe deima ad 11 afte)
Double: umei, ith deima pae (defaut 7 befoe deima ad 11 afte)
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cauatig vaues Outside a Edit SessioTo auate the aue of you e ed (o a od ed), ight ik o its ame
ad go to cauate vaues. AMap i ask you if you ae sue that you at
to auate aues outside a edit sessio, aig that you i ot be abe to
udo you esuts. Say yes.
AMap i big up the Fied cauato. If you aue is a ostat, you a
simpy type the aue i the box at the bottom. Moe ikey, you e aue i
be based o aues i othe eds, so you i eed to use the auato. You
a eate a expessio by doube ikig o the ed ames. Fo exampe, to
auate the peet of the popuatio 65 ad up, ik o the ed ame ith
the tota 65 ad up, ik o the / butto, ad ik o the ed ame ith
the tota popuatio. If ay of the eods i you tabe ae highighted, AMap
i oy pefom auatios o the highighted eods. You a aso auate
aues fom AToobox (ude Data Maagemet Toos, the cauate
Fied).
cauatig vaues o Seeted reodsYou a get a eo hie auatig aues fo may diffeet easos.
AMap i ot ao you to diide by zeo, so if the deomiato (tota
popuatio i exampe aboe) is zeo fo ay of you eods, AMap i ot
auate ay of the aues.
To get aoud this pobem, you eed to seet oy the eods hee the
deomiato is somethig othe tha zeo. Stat by seetig the eods itha zeo i the deomiato (beause thee ae fee of these). Do this by ight
ikig the ed ith you deomiato ad sotig asedig. Hod do the
oto key ad highight a the eods ith a zeo. Fom the optios meu,
hoose Sith Seetio so that a of the eods ith o-zeo aues ae
highighted. no you shoud be abe to poeed ith auatig aues.
cauatig vaues Iside a Edit Sessiowhe you eed to auate a e aiabe, the best appoah is to auate
a aue outside a edit sessio, just desibed. But he you eed to hagethe aue o just oe o to aues, you may at to ty editig iside a edit
sessio. Go the Edit tooba ad, fom the edit meu, hoose stat editig. You
a oy edit the otets of oe dietoy at a time i a edit sessio, so you
eed to idetify the dietoy that otais the tabe you ish to edit.
Ope you tabe ad doube-ik o the aue i you tabe you ish to edit.
whe you ae ished, go to stop editig i the edit tooba ad say yes to
saig edits.
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calculatIng area, perIMeter & length
cauatig AeaUsuay thee i be a ed aed aea i a shapee he you eeie it that
idiates the aea of eah poygo map featue. If you shapee is missig this
ed o if you hae edited the shape ad size of the map featues, you i eed
to auate aea, yousef. Aea a be espeiay hepfu he you ae tyig
to omaize aues ad eate desities (auatig pesos pe squae mie, fo
exampe).
ceate a e ed aed aea ad fomat it as a doube. right ik o you
e ed ad go to cauate Geomety. Fom the Popety meu, hoose
Aea. note the pojetio ad map uits. You a hage the uits as og as
the pojetio is deed (ko).
You a aso auate aea usig AToobox. cauate Aea a be foud i
the Spatia Statistis Toos setio, ude Utiities. choose the poygo aye fo
hih you at to auate aea, the detemie a ame ad oatio fo the
e shapee you i eate. The e aye i be added automatiay to thetabe of otets he Avie is doe auatig the aea. The uits i be
hat is used by the pojetio system fo that map aye.
creatIng xy coordInates
Addig XY coodiates to a Poit laye
Just as you may eed to oet a tabe ith XY data ito a map aye, you
may eed to add XY oodiates to a existig aye otaiig poits. The
easiest ay to do this is by usig Add XY coodiates i AToobox (ude
Data Maagemet Toos go to Featues to e Add XY coodiates).
Simpy hoose the poit aye you at to assig XY oodiates ad ik OK.
The oodiates i be i hatee uits ae deed by you pojetio (ofte
feet o metes). You a aso do this usig the auate geomety optio.
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joInIng tables
You a ik map featues to thei attibutes i GIS but oy he you atti-
butes ae i the same e as you geogaphi data. Ofte you i hae atti-butes stoed i a sepaate tabe that you i eed to joi to a shapee i ode
to symboize you map ith the data. You might thik of a shapee as a seies
of otaies that a hod attibute data. Ofte you i obtai shapees that
hae o attibute datai effet, empty otaies.
Idetifyig a keyI ode to joi a attibute tabe to a shapee, you i eed to idetify a
ed that is ommo to you attibute tabe ad the attibute tabe assoiated
ith you shapee. This ed is ko as a key, o uique idetie, beause ituiquey ideties eah eod i you tabe ad shapee o hih Avie a
joi, o math, you data. The aues must be fomatted i a idetia ay. If
they ae ot, you must edit oe of the eds o eate a e ed ad eau-
ate the aues so that they math pefety.
Tabes ith esus data may otai mutipe eds that uiquey idetify eah
eod that may hae ames suh as TrT2000, STFID, ad TrAcTID. The
ed ame doest hae to be the same i the attibute tabe ad the shapee
i ode to joi them; they just hae to be fomatted i the same ay. whieyou may pefom jois o esus data most fequety, you a joi attibutes
to shapees fo othe data: zipodes, ouimai distits, outies. You a
joi o a ame (suh as eighbohood ame, o the ame of a istitutio),
athough keep i mid that diffeees i speig ad spaig i keep eods
fom joiig. To make sue that both oums ae fomatted the same ay, ook
ad see ho they ae justied. left justied oums ae fomatted as text; ight
justied