manual of field works all arms part 2
DESCRIPTION
Manual of Field Works All Arms Part 2TRANSCRIPT
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APPENDIX III.
TABLE GIVING LOADS FOR MAN, G.S. WAGON AND 3-TON LORRY, FORENGINEERING STORES IN GENERAL USE IN THE FIELD.
[NoTE.-The loads are based on fair conditions only-i.e., a manat 30 lbs., a G.S. wagon at 1,900 lbs., and a 3-ton lorry at 5,600 lbs.:under good conditions, the load of a man may be increased to 40 lbs.and the loads of a G.S. wagon and a 3-ton lorry by one-sixth. Man-loads to be " bundled" beforehand, whenever possible.]
One manArticle. Description, load.
1 Sandbags ...
2 Coil barbed wire
3 Screw pickets, long
4 Screw pickets,medium
5 Screw pickets, short
6 Angle iron pickets,long
7 Angle iron pickets,medium
8 Posts, wooden, 5 ft.
9 Posts, wooden,2 ft. 6 ins.
10 French wire, coil.(English manufac-ture)
11 Staples, French wire
12 Plain wire, coil ...
13 Rabbit netting, roll
X.P.M., sheets ...
Corrugated iron, 6.ft.sheets
Corrugatediron, 7-ft.sheets
Corrugatediron, 9-ft.sheets
Bales of 250; weight,96 lbs.
100 yards; weight,28 lbs.
5 ft. 7 ins. long, 4eyes ; weight, 6 lbs.
3 ft. 9 ins. long, 2 eyes;weight, 41 lbs.
2 ft. 1 in. long, withloop: weight, 2f lbs.
5 ft. 10 ins. long;weight, 14 lbs.
3 ft. 6 ins. long;weight, 8 lbs.3 j to 4 ins. diameter ;weight, 9 lbs.
22 to 3 ins. diameter;weight, 3 lbs.
Issued in bundles of5 coils; weight ofcoil, 14 lbs.
Boxes of 300 ; weight,160 lbs.
Weight, 561bs.; 100lbs. per mile
3 ft. wide, 50 yards inroll; weight, 801bs.
6 ft. 6 ins. long by3 ft. wide; weight,27 lbs. In cases of20 sheets
Width, 2 ft. 9 ins. ;weight, 16 lbs.
Width, 2 ft. 9 ins. ;weight, 181 lbs.
Width, 2 ft. 9 ins. ;weight, 28 lbs.
50 to 75
1
3
5
8
2
4
3
10
2 coils
coil
20 yards
1
2
1
]
G.S. wagon 3-ton lorryload. load.
20 bales 60 bales
70 200
200 600
300 900
550 1,600
150 400
250 700
n00 600
600
150 coilsor
30 bundles12 boxes
40 coils
24
70
120
100
70
1,800
400 coilsor
80 bundles35 boxes
100 coils
70
200
350
300
200
14
15
16
17
209
One man G.S. wagon 3-ton lorryArticle. Description. load. load. load.
Felt, roll ...
Canvas, Hessian, roll
Canvas, rot-proof,roll
"A" frames (small)Trench board
Timber, 4-in. by 2-in.Timber, 9-in. by 3-in.Planking, 1-in.Planking, 11-in. {Planking, 2-in.Pit prop, 9 ft. long ...
Pit prop, 9 ft. long ...
Cement, caskSand ...GravelChalk... ...Earth ...Corrugated
shelter, largeCorrugated
shelter, small
R.S.J. 9 ft. byby 3 ins.
Nails-1-in.2.-in. ...
3-in. ...4-in. ...5-in.6-in.
Staples, No. 8 S.Shovels ...Picks ..Tapes, tracing
steel
steel
3 ft. wide, 25 yardsin roll; weight, 85lbs.
3 ft. wide, 110 yardsinroll; weight, 70lbs.
5 ft. wide, 120 yardsin roll; weight,130 lbs.
Weight, 30 lbs. ..6 ft. long; weight,
35 Ibs.F.R.; weight, 2j lbs.F.R.; weight, 9 Ibs.
Supplied by thefoot run
6 ins. diameter;weight, 90 lbs.
9 ins. diameter;weight, 180 Ibs.
400 lbs. ... ...
See Plate 143quantities
See Plate 141quantities
5 ins. 100 lbs.
800 to 1 lb.122 to 1 Ib.
52 to 1 lb.30 to 1 lb.20 to 1 lb.14 to 1 lb.50 to 1 Ib.
Weight, 5 lbs.Weight, 8 lbs.In 50-yard rolls
10 yards 22 66
50 yards 27 80
30 yards 14 40
1 40 1201 35-40 120-150
- 750 F.R. 2,250 F.E.- 200 F.R. 600 F.R.
Dependent on width of planking.Weight of soft timber may betaken as 40 lbs. per cubic foot.
- 25 75
- 12 36
- 5 14
Ssandbag 1 cub. yd. 2) cub. yd.
... a l
... l in 1 G.S. 1
wagon;3in2 G.S.wagons
j 19 56
1200700
-I ~-----
210
APPENDIX IV.
PRINCIPAL TOOLS, MATERIALS, AND STORES SUITABLE FOR USE IN
FIELD ENGINEERING.
The tools and stores provided for the peace instruction of troops in field
engineering are as laid down in the Regulations for the Equipment of the
Army, Part 1, 1909, para. 323 and Appendix VI. The tools and stores
forming war equipment of units are similarly detailed in the various
sections of Part II, Equipment Regulations, and in Mobilization Store
Tables (A.F.G. 1098).
The following Tables of tools, materials, and stores are intended as a
guide for the selection and preparation of articles, suitable for use in war,for such operations of field engineering as are described or indicated in
this manual.
The method of obtaining supply of such articles willfollow the instructions
laid down in P.S. Regulations, and Ordnance Manual (War),paras. 36 and 37.
The special equipment required for the following engineer services is
not included in these tables, except in so far as certain articles comprised
therein may be suitable for general field engineering purposes:-
Electrical instruments and electric light stores.Railway tools, plant and armnoured trains.
Survey instruments and stores.
Demand and issue, except where otherwise stated, are "per article."
The tables in this Appendix are
.- Tools, entrenching.
2.-Tools, cutting.
3.-Tools and stores, miscellaneous.
4.-Sandbags, canvas, &c.
5.-Corrugated shelters and iron sheets.
6.-Rolled steel joists and rails.
7.-Posts and pickets.
8.-Materials supplied for camouflage.
9.-Timber.
10.-Cordage.
11.-Bridging and boat stores.
12.-Wire and wire rope.
13.-Bolts, dogs, nails and spikes.
14.-Water supply stores.
15.-Demolition stores.
211
TABLE 1.-Tools, entrenching.
Designation. Detail. Howissued.
Axes, pick, heads ... ... ... 4 lbs. and 81bs. ... ... ...,, helves ... ... ... 36 ins. ferruled... .... ...
Barrows, hand, double ... .. 6 ft. 7 ins. long,, wheel, entrenching ... Steel tubular frame .
Crowbars, chisel and claw ends ... 6 ft. 37 lbs., 5 ft. 6 ins. 31 lbs., 4 ft.6 ins. 20 lbs., 3 ft. 6 ins., 12 lbs.2 ft. 3 ins., 7 lbs.... .
Picks, miners ... ... ... 22lins. 6lbs.(specialshortf or crampedwork)
,, push ... ... ... 30 ins. 3 lbs. 6 ozs. (heart shaped,straight stabbing) .
Shovels, G.S. ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 34 lbs ....... ..,, R.E. ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 5 lbs. .... ... ...,, miners ... ... ... 30 ins. 6 lbs., and 5 ft. long ...
Spades, Mark III ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 51 lbs. ... ... ...
TABLE 2.-Tools00, cutting.
Designation. Detail. Howissued.
Adzes, carpenters, handled ... 41 lbs.Axes, felling ... ... ... 32 ins. helve, 6 lbs. 7 ozs.Axes, hand ... ... ... 16 ins. helve, 2 lbs. 3 ozs.Chisels, brick ... ... ... 18 ins., 1 ins. end.Chisels, hand, cold ... Metal cutting, 1 in., s in. and . in.
wide.Chisels, firmer ... ... ... Wood-cutting, blades 3 ins. to _1 in.
wide.Grindstones, F.S. ... ... ... 18 ins., 76 lbs. 10 ins., 25 lbs.Hooks, bill ... ... ... ... 1 lb. 13 ozs.Hooks, reaping ... ... ... 1 lb.Pliers, side-cutting . ... 8 ins. and 5 ins. long ... ... ... prs.Saws, cross-cut ... ... ... 5 ft. blade, 61 lbs.Saws, folding, in leather case ... 3 ft. 9 ins. blade, 2 handles, 1 lb. 12 ozs.Saws, hand ... ... ... 26 ins, and 20 ins.Sets, cold, large ... ... ... 15 ins. handle; for cutting steel
wire rope, &c.Stones, rag ... ... ... ... For reaping hooks, &c. ... ... doz.Wire-cutters ... ... ... 9 ins. long, 1l lbs.
- !
212
TABLE 3.-Tools and stores, miscellaneous.
(Not included in Tables 1 or 2 )
Designation. Detail. is eHow.issued.
Anvils ..
Bars, boring (steel chisels)
Bars, jumping (chisel each end) ..
Bars, pinching (spike and lever)Blocks, tackle, G.S., castiron, galv.
Blowers, rotary, Mk. IV ...
Buckets, miners ... ... ..
Candlesticks, miners ..Chokers, fascineCrabs, hoisting, iron
Forges, field, G.S. ... ... ...
Grapnels, iron ... ... ...Hammers, claw ... ...Hammers, masons ... ... ...Hammers, miners, boringHammers, miners, sledgeJumpers, steel ... ... ..
Ladders, field telegraph... ...Ladders, rope, miners ...Lamps, acetylene ... ..
Lamps, electric ... ... ...
Lamps, hurricane ... ... ...Levels, F.S. ... ... ..Mauls, G.. ... ... ... ...Rods, measuring, common
Scoops and scrapers ...
Scrapers, earth ...
Spanners, adjustableSpanners, McMahonTapes, measuring ...Tapes, tracing ... ..Trucks, miners, elm
Vices, standing, 36-lb. ... ..
1 cwt.For rock, 3 ins., 1I ins., and i ins.
wide, up to 4 ft. long.3 ins., 14 ins., and lI ins. wide, 5 ft.
6 ins, and 7 ft. long.21, 3, 3- and 4 ft. long.Single, double, treble, and snatch
(and size of cordage).With hose and wrenches; for
ventilating mines, &c.14 lbs. 7 ozs. for raising earth from
shafts.With bottom and side spikes.2 four ft. levers and 4 ft. chain.Hand power winches, to lift 1, 25,
and 50 tons.276 lbs. and poker, slice, tongs and
vice.2, 3, 16, 40, and 50 lbs.20 ozs.10 lbs. chisel point.5 and 7 lbs.14 lbs.For post holes, 2 ft. 9 ins. x 2 ins.,
274 Ibs.16 ft. 6 ins. in 2 lengths.20, 30, and 50 ft.Land and portable and calcium car-
bide.Land and portable and span accumu-
lators.Oil or candle.4 ft., 3 Ibs. 7 ozs.141 b.Wood, 10 ft. and 6 ft. marked 3in=.,
5 ft. marked I in.For clearing bore-holes ; 3 ins.,
1- ins. and 1 ins. x 6 ft. 6 ins.7 ft. long : 3 lbs.; also with 3 ft.
handle.15 ins.9 ins.In leather case, 100 ft.50 yds.; 14 ins white web.69 lbs.; for removing earth in
saps and mines.Jaws 4 ins. wide.
N.I.V.
------
TABLE 4.-Sandbags, canvas, &c.
Designation. Detail. oissued.
Bags, sand, common ... ... Bales of 250 ...Bags, guncotton, waterproof ... Canvas, to hold 2, 5, and 25 lbs.Canvas, rot-proof ... ... 5 ft. wide; 120 yds.in roll ... ... Yards.Canvas, Hessian ........ .. 3 ft. wide; 110 yds. in roll ... ...Cloth, union, anti-gas ... ... 54 ins, wide; 74 yards in roll... .Covers, sailcloth, waterproofed ... Sizes in feet: 30 x 30, 30 x 20, 24 x
18, 20 x 16, 18 x 15, 15 x 10,12 x 10.
Felt, roofing ...... ... 3 ft. wide; 25 yards in roll ... ... I Roll.Sheeting, corrugated iron ... 2 ft. 9 ins. wide; in 6-ft., 7-ft. and 9-ft.
lengths.Tarpaulins ... ... ... ... Sizes inft.: 30 x 30, 30 x 20, 30 x 16,
24 x 18,20 x 16,20 x 10,18 x 15,15 x 10, 12 x 10, 10 x 6.
TABLE 5.-Corrugated shelters and iron sheets.
Designation. Detail. isHowissued.
Straight sheets, black or painted... 6 ft. to 9 ft. by 2 ft., 22 or 24 gauge, Bundles.10 sheets to bundle.
Straight sheets, black or painted, 7 ft. by 2 ft., 22 gauge, 10 sheets togalvanized. bundle.
Curved sheets for bivouac shelter 9 ft. by 2 ft. 2 ins., 18 gauge, bent to7 ft. radius. Carries one layer ofsandbags or equivalent weight. 5sheets to bundle.
Curved sheets for bivouac shelter 9 ft. by 2 ft. 2 ins., 22 gauge, bent to9 ft. radius. Will carry no weight.10 sheets to bundle.
Corrugated steel shelter, large ... 17 ft. 9ins. by 9 ft. 6 ins. by 6 ft. 2jins.inside dimensions Made up of 21curved plates 7 ft. by 2 ft. 6 ins.,each with six 5-in. corrugations.
Corrugated steel shelter, small ... 12 ft. 9 ins, by 5 ft. 3 ins, by 3 ft. 8 ins.inside dimensions. Made up of 10curved plates 5 ft.6j ins. by 2 ft. 6ins.each with five 6-in. corrugations.
Troughing ... ........ ... 6 ft. or 9 ft. long, 3 ft. 3 ins. wide
TABLE 6.-Rolled steel joists and rails.
Designation. Detail. is Howissued.
Joist steel, rolled-12 ins. by 5 ins. ... ... ... Length 22 ft., 32 lbs. per foot run ...10 ins. by 5 ins. ... ... ... Length 20 ft., 30 lbs. per foot run ...
9 ins. by 4 ins. .... ... ... Length 18 ft., 21 lbs. per foot run ...8 ins. by 4,ins.... ... ... Length 16 ft., 18 lbs. per foot run ..5 ins. by 3 ins.... ... ... Length 9 ft., 11 lbs. per foot run .
Rail, steel, bullheaded-40 lbs. .......... ... Height 3J ins., 133 lbs. per foot run...60 lbs. ......... .. Height 41 ins., 20 lbs. per foot run ...80 lbs. ......... ... Height 5 ins., 26- lbs. per foot run ...
TABLE 7.-Posts and pickets.
Designation. Detail. isHowissued.
Pickets, angle iron, long ... ... 5 ft. 101 ins, long ... ... ...,, ,, medium ... 3 ft. 6 ins. long... .. ....
screw, long ... ... 5 ft. long, 4 eyes,, medium ... ... 3 ft. 6 ins. long, 3 eyes,, short ... ... 1 ft. 6 ins. long, 2 eyes
Posts, wire entanglement, wood ... Various lengths and diameters
TABLE 8.-Materials supplied for camouflage.
Fon CONCEALMENT OF FIELD WORKS, BATTERIES, &O.
1. Fish netting in 30 feet by 30 feet squares, or wire netting in rolls30 feet by 6 feet, garnished with canvas knots, with or without irregularislands of scrim (an open mesh form of canvas), mainly for use in opencountry.
2. Fish netting (30 feet by 30 feet) or wire netting (30 feet by 12 feet),furnished only with large islands of scrim, for use in broken country.Fish nets (10 feet by 10 feet) with raffia.
3. Irregular patches of scrim, with or without bare rolls of wirenetting 30 feet by 6 feet, to be used for supplementing, or actuallymaking up material mentioned in para. 2 in situ.
4. Scrim sheets, 30 feet long by 6 feet or 12 feet wide, for coveringspoil, sandbags, &c., or any other light-toned objects under material1, 2 or 3.
5. Posts 2 inches by 2 inches, of varying lengths, pickets and wire,for supporting camouflage.
SNIPEn'S REQUISITES.
1. " Symien" pattern, consisting of loose-fitting jacket, with hoQdattached, separate legs, rifle cover and gloves.
2. Dummy heads for locating enemy snipers.
TABLE 9.-Timber.
(NoTE.-Timber may be either felled and trimmed on the spot,collected from timber stores in adjacent towns or villages, obtainedby dismantling structures containing timber, or demanded from theengineer parks and dumps. The following table gives the ordinarysizes in which timber may be expected to be available).
Designation. Size.
Planking ... ... - in ... ...1 in. . .. .11 ins. ... ... In various widths and lengths. Demand by2 ins ... ... J the F.R.
Scantlings ... ... 3 ins. by 3 ins. ...4 ins. by 2 ins....4 ins. by 3 ins...4 ins. by 4 ins....6 ins. by 3 ins.... In various lengths. Demand by the F.R.,6 ins. by 4 ins. ... - giving a minimum "piece length" for6 ins. by 6 ins.... 6 ins. by 6 ins., 9 ins. by 6 ins., and9 ins. by 3 ins.... 9 ins. by 9 ins.9 ins. by 4 ins. ...9 ins. by 6 ins. ...9 ins. by 9 ins...
Baulks ... ... 10 ins. by 10 ins.12 ins. by 6 ins.12 ins. by 12 ins. -In various lengths. Demand by the piece.14 ins. by 12 ins.16 ins. by 8 ins.
Spars...... . - In various sizes and lengths. Demand bythe piece, specifying length and diameter.
Pit props .. .. - In various sizes and lengths. Demand bynumber, specifying diameter and length.
TABLE 10.-Cordage.
Designation. Detail. isHowed.issued.
i. Cordage, hemp, hawser, 3-strand.
ii. Cordage,strand.
iii. Cordage.strand,
manilla, hawser, 3-
coir, hawser. 3-
Service cordage in general use ; eithertarred or white; in the followingsizes, circumference in inches:--9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2-, 2, 1, 1. Tarredcordage is weaker, but will standexposure to weather better thanwhite.
A stronger cordage, in the followingsizes, circumference in inches:-5,4, 3y, 3, 24, 2, 1 , 1, 1, .,
A coarse, light, elastic, cordage, whichwill float upon water, but has onlyone-sixth the strength of hempcordage of same size. Sizes :--9,7, 6, 5, 4, and 2J ins.
Fathom[coils of113 fms.]
216
Designation. Detail. Howissued.
iv. Lashings, falls, guys, &c. ... Cordage, as in i. above, of sizes asunder :-
3 ins. Footropes, 9 fins.; cables, Fathom30 fms.; falls, 50 fms. ; guys, [coils of30 to 36 fms. 113 fms.s
21 ins. Slings for cask piers,6 fins.
2 ins. Falls, 50 fms.; lashings,6 and 9 fins.
11 ins. Braces, 3 fms.; breastlines, 10 fms.; lashings, 6 fms.
1 in. Buoy lines, 10 fms.; lash-ings, 3 and 6 fins.
v. Small cordage, yarn, twine, &c.Cordage, spun yarn, hemp ... 3-thread, tarred, rough ... ... Cwt.Lines, Hambro ... ... ... 150 ft., strong and light
TABLE 11.-Bridging and boat stores.
(See also Military Engineering, Vol. III.)
Designation. Detail. Howissued.
Anchors, boat ...Bailers, pontoonBaulks, Mk. III, tapered ...
Baulks, shore end, inside ...
Baulks, shore end, outside
Beams, saddle, Mk. II. ...Boats, collapsible ... ...
Buoys, pontoon, iron ...Chalk, preparedChesses, Mk. II ... ...Drivers, pile, Swiss... ...
Hooks, boat... ... ...Life-belts, cork.Life-buoys, Mk. IV ..Oars, ash ..
Pontoons, bipartite, Mk. II.
Ribands, Mk. II. .... ...
Sticks, rackTransoms, shore end, 1k. IIITrestles, bridging, Mk. III
1 cwt. and 1 cwt.Tin, with handle.15 ft. 91 ins. by 31 ins. to 1 ins. by
6 ins.; 561bs.3 ft. 7 ins. long; 3 to sot; 151 lbs.each.
3 ft. 61 ins. long; 2 to set; 21- lbs.each.
In two pieces; 58 Ibs. pair.Bow and stern sections; 6 ft. 1- ins.long; 9-ft. oars.
For anchors; 5 lbs.White or coloured ; 144 pieces ...10 ft. by 12 ins. by 1 ins.; 45 lbs.With iron guide rod; about 130 lbs.;
hand power.18 ft., 11 ft. 7z ins., and 6 ft. long.
Reindeer hair, covered canvas.20 ft. to 8 ft. long, in sizes increasing
by 1 foot. 12 ft. for pontoons.Bow and stern pieces ; 1,008 lbs. per
pair.15 ft. 9 ins. by 34 ins. by 6 ins.; 79 lbs.;
can be used as baulks.With 6 ft. of 2-in, lashing; 14 lbs.llft 6 ins.Iong ; 731bs.With 2 tackles, differential, 10 cwt.;
weight, 816 lbs.
For lashings and wire rope, see Tables 10 and 12.
Box.
TABLE 12.-Wire and wire rope.
Designation. Detail. isowissued.
Rope, galvanized, steel, wire ... In coils of 100 fms. ... ... ... fms.
Sizes, circumference, inches ... ... 4 3 2- 2 1 1I 1j. 1 .
Approx. weight, lbs. per fm. .. ... 12 7 4 2 1 1 2Safe load (9c 2
) cwt. ... ... ... 144 81 56 36 20 14 11 9 N
Rope, steel, *65in.... ... ... For use with collapsible boats, 2 to21 tons breaking strain; *42 lb.fm. .... ... ... ... 100 yds.
Wire, galvanized iron, No. 14 In 284b. and 56-lb. coils ... ... Coil.S.W.G.
Wire, barbed ... ... ... In 28-lb. (100 yds.) or 15-lb. (50 yds.)coils.
Wire, French ... ... ... One coil= 16 yds. In bundles of 5 coils.Staples in boxes containing 300.
Rabbit wire netting ... ... 3 ft. wide, in rolls containing 50 yds.... Roll.X.P.M. (expanded metal) ... Sheet 6 ft. 6 ins.long by 3 ft. wide. In Sheet.
cases of 20 sheets.
The table below gives the properties, weight, &c., of new iron wire. Newsteel wire may be taken as twice the strength given, otherwise similar insize, &c ; galvanized wire is heavier.
Size, S.W.G. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Diam., inches .. '300 -276 -252 *232 -212 -192 *176 '160 *144 '128 *116 '104 "092Yards, per cwt... 155 183 220 260 311 380 452 546 675 854 1040 1293 1653Lbs. per mile .. 1268 1073 895 758 633 518 436 369 292 231 190 152 119Approx. breaking
strain, lbs. .. 3804 3219 2685 2274 1899 1554 1308 1080 876 693 570 456 357
Size, S.W.G. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Diam., Inches .. -080 '072 '064 -056 '048 -040 *036 -032 -028 '024 022 -020 -018Yards, per cwt... 2186 2699 3416 4462 6073 8745 10796 13663 17846 24290 28908 34978 43184Lbs. per mile .. 90 73 58 44 325 225 18-2 14-4 11 8-1 6-8 56 4-6Approx. breakingstrain, Ibs. .. 270 210 174 132 98 68 55 43 33 24 20 17 14
O®® S® B im
218
TABLE 13.-Bolts, dogs, nails and spikes.
Designation. Detail. i Howissue(
Bolts, with nuts, Principal store sizes; length and diam. in incheshexagon head. 14 xl or , 12 x I or , 8 x 1 or $, 6 x I or , 5 x .
Other sizes prepared as required.Bolts, drift ... I in. x 24 ins, and f in. x 20 ins. ... ......Dogs, railway and
sawyers, Mk. II ... Straight. 15 and 12 ins. long, with 6-in. teeth... ..Nails, iron, spike Length, inches :- 10 9 8 7 6 5
(quote store No.) _ __-
Nails in 1 cwt. (app.):- 114 155 193 294 430 590
Army Store No.:- 187 186 185 184 83 82
Nails, wire, iron, Length, ins.: 6 5 4 3 21 2 11 l) 1* 1grooved ... .. Nails in 1 lb. -- -- - - - lb.
(approx.):- 14 20 50 70100150 200300400600
Staples, No. 8 S.W.G Approximately 51 per lb.
TABLE 14.-Water supply stores.
Designation. Detail. HowH issued.
Hose, canvas ... ... ..Hose, delivery, canvas, 2t-in.
Hose, delivery, 24-in. ...
Hose, suction, 2-in. ... ..
Hose, suction, syphon, with cap ...
Pails, iron, galvanized ...Pumps, deep well ... ..
Pumps, lift and force, Mk. IV ...
Pumps, steam, portable, Merry-weather
Tanks, iron, galvanized, rectan-gular
Tanks, steel, corrugated, gal-vanized, circular
Tanks, waterproof, 2,300 gallons,open
Tanks, waterproof, 1,500 galls.,closed
Troughs, waterproof, 600 gallons...
Windlasses, well,light
3 and 4 ins. diam.. .. ... ...In lengths 100, 50, 30, ft., with
screw unions.In 30-ft. lengths; prepared for
pump L. & F. Mk. IV.In 12-ft. lengths; prepared for
pump L. & F., Mk. IV.3 ins. and 2 ins. in 10 ft. 3 in.
lengths ; 2 ins, in 10-ft. lengths.3 and 4 gallons ... ..50 ft. 3-in. bore; and 100 ft., 3 and
4-in. bore.With four 12-ft. lengths of suction,
and 30 ft. of delivery hose, tolift 60 ft.; weight 84 lbs.; withhose 216 lbs.
Small "Valiant" on wheels, 82 cwts.;to raise 1,500 gallons per hour250 ft.
In sizes from 20 to 1,000 gallons
25, 50, 100 to 1,000 gallons; withtaps and covers.
16 ft. 9 ins. x 16 ft. 9 ins, with storesas M.E., Vol, V.
Octagonal; no extra stores required...
With standards, 10 to a set, to water16 animals at one time.
With large drum ... ... ...
Yards.Lengths.
Set-.
N.I.T.
Sets.
- --- ' s
219
TABLE 14--continued.
HowDescription. Detail. is .issued.
Pipe, wrought iron, galvanized ... In sizes 6, 4, 3, 2, 11, 1 and I inches Ft. run.internal diameter.
Bends, elbows, ties, connectors, For pipes of sizes as above ...reducing sockets, crosspieces,plugs, caps, nipples, back nuts,screwed flanges.
Valves air, sluice or reflex ... For 6, 4, and 3-in. pipes ...Valves, ball, stop or reflex ... For 2-in. pipes ... ... ... ...Valves, ball ... ... ... For 11 and 1-in. pipes ... ... ...Cocks, stop ... ... ... For 1 and 1-in. pipes ... ... ...Cocks, bib ... ...... ... For 1 and k-in. pipes ... ... ...Stocks and dies, sets ... ... For 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1 and -in. pipes ... Set.Pipe-cutters, pipe vices, pipe For sizes of pipe as above ... ..
wrenches.
TABLE 15.-Demolition stores.
eHowDesignation. Detail. issued.
Gun-cotton, wet, slabs, field,
Ammonal ... ... ...
Dynamite ... ... ...Blasting gelatine ...
15-oz.
Cable, electric, El, Mark II ...
Caps, copper, blasting. (Commer-cial caps)
Detonators No. 8, Mark VII ..
Detonators, electric, No. 13, MarkIII
Exploders, dynamo, electric,quantity, Mark V
BULK EXPLOSIVES.
Slabs 6 by 3 by lins., 1 perforationfor 1-oz. primer; packed in water-proof boxes containing 16 slabs
Packed in 25 and 50-lb. waterprooftins
Not an ordnance store, but, as a rule,obtainable from this source ; manu-factured in various grades andstrengths, usually in 2 -oz.cartridges packed in boxes of 5 lbs.and 50 lbs.
AuxILIAsR EXPLOSIVES, &C.
For electric firing; weight 5-7 lbs.per 100 yds.
The commercial equivalent of theNo. 8 detonator; manufactured ineight standard strengths, sizes 3to 10
For use with safety and with deton a-ting fuze; packed in tins of 25
For use in electric firing; packed intins containing 25 detonators anda rectifier
For firing charges electrically; size13k by 83 by 6-- ins.; weight27 lbs.
In tin cylinders of 8, 24 or 50 fathoms
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Yards.
Each
I... ."Fuze, safety, No. 11
HowDesignation. Detail issued.
Fuze, detonating, Bickford's ... Wound on drums .......... YardsFuzes, electric, No. 14, Mark III For use with low explosives fired
electrically; packed in tins of 25Gun-cotton, dry, primers, field, Packed in sealed tin cylinders con-
1-oz. taining 10 primersMatches, vesuvian ... ... ... Fuzees; 20 in a box ...... ...
TESTING APPARATUS, ELECTRICFIRING.
Boxes, testing and jointing, filled Tin box in leather cover; size 14by 8 by 5) ins.; weight 12 lbs.3 ozs.; the contents are as follows:-For testing:-
1 box of resistance coils (100ohms)
1 " Q" and "I" detectorI cell, electric, dry, "E"...2 reels of iridio-platinum wire1 chamois leather......1 box of plate powder ..
For jointing:-1 pair 5-in. side-cutting pliers ..2 tubes of indiarubber solution ...4 cylinders of indiarubber tape ...
I lb. of cotton waste .
APPENDIX V.
TABLES GIVING STRESSES IN, AND SIZES OF ROPES, SPARS, SCANTLING,
GIRDERS AND RAILS FOR USE IN SIMPLE FIELD STREUCTURES.
1.-Stresses in derricks, sheers and gyns.
2.-Sizes of spars and baulks for derricks, &c.
3.-Tackles.
4.-Power required on falls of tackles in tons.
5.-Sizes of road-bearers and beams for light bridges, dug-outs, &c.
6.--Safe nett distributed loads in lbs. which can be supported by
girders or rails over different spans.
221
TABLE 1.-Stresses in derricks, sheers and gyns.(Stresses are stated in terms of the weight to be lifted.
has been made for the weight of tackle, &c.)Allowance
Standing Derrick. Sheers.
Spar ... ... ...... 15 W Leg with leading block ... ... -9 WRunning guys ... ... ... *5 W Other legs ... ... ... .7 WOther guys ... ... ... -3 W Back guy ... ... ... ... 1.3 W
Gyn. Swinging Derrick.
Spar with leading block ... *6 W Upright spar ... ... ... 2.0 WOther spars ... ... ... 4 W Swinging arm ... ... ... 1.3 W
Struts ... ... ... ... 1.0 WConnecting tackle ... ... 1.7 WGuys ... ... ... ... 1-5 W
In the case of the swinging derrick, the length of the upright sparand the swinging arm are assumed to be about equal. Any alterationin these proportions will affect them. The size of spars and guys canbe found from Tables 2 and 3.
This table gives the maximum stresses which are likely to occur inpractice, for the ordinary conditions under which these machines areused. In special cases the stresses should be worked out graphically.
TABLE 2.-Size of spars and baulk for derricks, &c.
Mean Length of spar in feet from point of attachment of Size ofdiameter main tackle to the ground. square
of spar baulk inin inches. inches.5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 4 1| i -- - - - - - - - - - 516 4 1i - 567 6 21 l ---- ---- ---- -- 68 10 4 2 1 f -- - - ---- 79 15 6 3 11if f 1 - - - - - 8
10 20 8 41 1 l I .1 1 -- - - 911 26 12 61 4 21 if 1 1 1 - - - 1012 33 16 9 51 3 2, 1 1I 1 - - - 1113 41 20 12 7 5 3f 21 2 1 11 1 - 11114 50 26 15 10 61 41 31 2 2 1 1 - 12}15 - 33 20 12 8 4f 3 2 2 2 1 1l 13116 25 16 11 8 5f 4 3 3 2f 2 1417 - 50 30 20 14 10 7f 5f 41 31 3
2f 1518 - - 36 25 17 12 9 7 5f 44 4 3f 1619 - - 43 30 20 15 11 81 7 6 5 4f 1720 - - 50 35 24 18 14 11 8 7 6 5 18
Inches. Safe load in tons. inches.
222
rAThis table is derived from Gordon's formula P = taking
1+a )1 1
r = 1,000 lbs. per square inch, a = -for round and for square timber.48 62
TABLE 3.-Tackles.
Minimum size in inches of unselected cordage and steel wire rope tobe used in main lifting tackles with leading block. The figures areillustrated on Plate 108.
Type of tackle and theoretical gain of power.Weight to
be lifted Fig.4. Fig. 3 Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Fig. 9.in tons. W=P W=2P W=3P W=4P W=5P W=6P
CORDAGE.
S 2 2 2 - - -
- 21 21 21 2 2- - 3 21 21 2
1 - - - 3 3 2j
11 - - - - 3
STEEL WIRE ROPE.
1 2 1, 11 1 1 I 11 2 11 11 1 1 1It 2 11 1 1 1 12 21 2 1 1 1I21 3 2 2 1 l 13 - 21 2 2 2 14 - 24 21 21 2 25 - 3 2j 21 2 28 - - 3 3 24 21
10 - - - 3 3 311 - - - - 3 3
12 - - - - - 3
Tons. Inches.
WThis table is derived from the formula P =-
Or(1 + Lpn) where
- P = Power required, W = Weight to be lifted, G = Theoretical,
gains I = Coefficient friction.1 W n
If p =8 (an average value) then P = (1 ;+ ). The safe stress in
cordge has been tae as tos ad of steel ro as toncordage has been taken as 20 tons and of steel rope as 20 tons.
223
TABLE 4.--Power required on falls of tackles in tons.
Size of rope. Cordage. Steel wire rope.
11-inch. - 1 ton.2 1/5 ton. 2 ,,2 ,, 1/3 ,, 33 ,, ,, 4 .,
Man-power equals a pull of 56 lbs. (1/40 ton) per man. Field capstan
gives a gain of about 10 to 1.
TABLE 5.-Sizes of road-bearers and beams for light bridges, dug-outs, &c.
1. Table showing the number of road-bearers of different scantlings
required for various spans.
Width of roadway has been taken as 9 feet, and the decking must
be 3 inches thick.
Span in feet.
5 7 9 11 113 15
Scantling on edge (in inches).6 x2
. . . . . . . . . 9 13 - - - -
9 x2 . . . . . . . .. 5 7 8 10 11 13
7 x 2. . 6 8 10 12 - -6x3 ... 9 11 - - -8 x3 5 6 7 8 10 119x3 ... 5 6 7 8 94x4 ... ... ... 10 - - -
5 x 4 ... 7 10 12 - -
7 x 4 . . . . 5 6 7 8 10 11
9x4 .... .. ... 5 5 5 6 6 75x5 ... .... 6 8 10 12 -7x5 ... ... .. 5 5 6 7 8 99x5 5... ... .. 5 5 5 5 66x6 ... 5 ... 5 6 8 9 108x
6 . . . . .. . . . 5 5 5 5 6 68 x 8 ... ... ... 5 5 5 5 5 5
9 x 9 ... ... ... 5 5 5 5 5 5Round poles aver. diam.5 inches ... .. ... 9 12 - - - -
6 .... ...... ... 6 8 10 12 -7 ......... 5 7 8 9 118 ......... 5 5 5 6 7 8
R.S.J. (in inches).5 x 3 or larger ... .. 5 5 5 5 5 54x3 5 5 5 5 6 74 x ...... .... 5 6 8 10 11 -3 x3 ... ... .. 5 5 6 7 9 103 x 1 . . . . . . . 7 10 - - - -
20-lb. Decauville rail 6 8 10 12 - -80-lb. rail... ... ... 5 5 5 5 5 5
This table is calculated for a working stress in timber of ' ton per squareinch, and in steel of 7 tons per square inch, and allows for a maximummoving load of 2 tons on one axle.
2. To use the above table for beams for dug-out roofs, divide 16,000lbs. by the number given in the table for the scantling or pole at therequired span. The result gives the safe distributed load in lbs. whichcan be carried by one beam. Then proceed as in Table 6. Example:-
9-inch by 3-inch joists will safely carry 1 6 0 0 0 = 3,200 lbs. per beam5
in a roof of 7-foot span, 5 being the figure given in the table for 9-inchby 3-inch timber over a span of 7 feet.
TABLE 6.-Safe nett dstributed loads in lbs. which can be supported bygirders or rails over different spans.
(If the load is concentrated in the middle of the girder or rail only halfthese loads are safe.)
8-in. X 4-in. 5-in. X 3-in. 40-lb. steel 60-lb. steel 80.lb. steel
Span infeet. "I" girder, "I" girder, rail, weight rail, weight rail, weightweight 18lbs. weight 11 lbs. 131 lbs. 20 lbs. 261 lbs.
per ft. per ft. per ft. per ft. per ft.
4 ... 37,500 12,700 9,720 17,770 26,8005 ... 30,000 10,150 7,775 14,200 21,4506 ... 25,000 8,440 6,480 11,500 17,8757 ... 21,400 7,200 5,550 10,150 15,3208 ... 19,900 6,300 4,860 8.880 13,4009 ... 16,600 5,600 4,320 7,890 11,900
10 ... 15,000 5,000 3,890 7,100 10,72511 ... 13,500 4,600 3,530 6,460 9,75012 ... 12,500 4,200 3,240 5,900 8,940
The weight per foot run is given for purposes of comparison. Thus,the 8-inch by 4-inch girder weighing 18 lbs. per foot is the most suitablefor roofs of dug-outs, and is twice as strong as a 60-lb. rail weighing20 lbs. per foot.
Steel rails are described by their weight per yard, and may berecognized by their measurements :-
40-lb. rail is 3 inches high.60-lb. rail is 41 inches high.80-lb. rail is 5 inches high.Other weights in proportion.
To find the weight of earth in lbs. which is supported by one girder,multiply the span in feet by the distance apart of the girders in feetby the depth of earthin feet by 100 (a cubic foot of earth weighs roughly100 lbs.).
225
To find the suitable spacing for the girders of a roof. Take the,weight of 1 foot width of roof, and compare with the table above.
Thus for the roof illustrated on Plate 143, the weight of one footwidth of roof will be 9 (span in feet) X 8j (depth of roof covering infeet) x 100 = 7,650 lbs., and if 8-inch by 4-inch girders are used a
16,600suitable spacing will be 7,60 feet, or approximately 2 feet centre to
5,600centre. If 5-inch by 3-inch girders are used 7,650 will be the safe
spacing, or approximately 9 inches.
APPENDIX VT.
TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Table-1.-Linear measure.2.-Square measure.3.-Cubic measure.4.-Liquid measure.5.-Measures of weights.6.-Area and contents of certain figures.
TABLE 1.-Linear measure.
Ins. Ft. Yds. Pls. Chs. Furs
Foot ... ... ... 12 1Yard... ... ... ... 36 3 1Rod, pole or perch 198 163 51 1Chain 792 66 22 4 1Furlong ... ... .. 7,920 660 220 40 10 1Mile ... ... ... 63,360 5,280 1,760 320 80 8Fathom ... ... ... 72 6 2Nautical or geographical 72,960 6,080 2,0
263
mile.Cable's length ... ... 7,296 608 2021Millimetre ... ... ... *039 •003 •001Centimetre . .. 394 *033 .011Decietre ... ... ... 3937 .328 •100Metre ... ... .. 39.37 3.28 1.094Kilometre ... ... ... 39,370,79 3,280.90 1,093.633
1 kilometre is approximately s mile ; to convert miles to kilometresmultiply by 1.609.
To convert yards to metres multiply by 914.
(B 14783)q
226
TABLE 2.-Square measure.
Ins. Ft. Yds. Pis. Chs. R. A.
Square foot ... 144 1Square yard ... 1,296 9 1Rod, pole or 39,204 2721 301 1
perch.Square chain 627,264 4,356 484 16 1Rood ... 1,568,160 10,890 1,210 40 21 1Acre ... ... 6,272,640 43,560 4,840 160 10 4 1Square mile ... - - 3,097,600 102,400 6,400 2,560 640Centiare ... 1,550.059 10.764 1.196Area (100 sq. - 1,076.430 119.603 - - - .025
metres).Hectare ... - - 11,960.333 - - - 2.471
To convert acres to hectares, multiply by .405.
TABLE 3.-Cubic measure.
1,728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot.27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard.
1 cubic metre = 35-3156 cubic feet.To reduce cubic feet to cubic metres, multiply by .028.
1 cubic foot of fresh water weighs 1,000 ozs., or 62 lbs.1 cubic foot of fir weighs 40 lbs. approximately.I cubic foot of oak weighs 59 lbs. approximately.1 cubic foot of beech weighs 43 lbs. approximately.1 cubic foot of earth weighs 80 to 100 lbs. approximately.1 cubic foot of brickwork or concrete weighs 120 lbs. approximately.
TABLE 4.-Liquid measure.
Pints. Quarts. Gallons.
4 gills ... ... ... .. 1 -Quart ... 2 1.. ... ...Gallon ... ... ... 8 4 1Firkin ... ... ... ... 72 36 9Kilderkin ...... ... 144 72 18Barrel ... .... ... ... 288 144 36Hogshead ... 432 216 54Puncheon ... 576 288 72Butt ... ... ... .. 864 432 108Litre ... ... ... ... 1-759 - *880 ,22Hectolitre ... ... ... 175.976 87988 21.997
To convert gallons to litres, multiply by 4.56.A gallon of fresh water weighs 10 lbs.
TABLE 5.-Measures of weights.
(Avoirdupois weight.)
Ozs. Lbs. Qrs. Cwts. Grains.
16 drachms ... ... 1 - - 437.5Pound ....... ... 16 1 - - =7,000Stone ... ...... - 14 - - -Quarter ... ... ... - 28 1 - -Hundredweight ... ... - 112 4 1Ton ... ... ... - 2,240 80 20 -'Gram ....... .. *032 *022 - - -Kilogram... ... ... 35.26 2.204 - - -
To convert lbs. to kilograms, multiply by 454.
TABLE 6.-Areas and contents of certain figures.
Circle radius (r) = of diameter (d).22circumference = 27rr = rd. 7r = 3.14159 or -nearly.7
area = irr2.Triangle area = I base x perpendicular from apex to base.Cylinder of height h - content = .rr2h.Cone of height h - content = k 7rr2h, r = radius of base.Pyramid of height h - content = lh x area of base.
(B 14783)Q
228
INDEX.
Abatis, wire entanglements, destruction ofAblution benches, provision of ...Accommodation-
Additional, in defended localities ...Defence posts ... ... ... ...Dug-out, tunnelled, requirements ...Latrines, scale of ... ... ...Protected, materials for ... ...Sanitary conditions essential ...Shell-proof, order for construction ofTunnelled dug-outs, requirements in ...
Aerial bombs, protection against ... ...Aeroplane attack, protection from ...Aeroplane photographs-
Blast marks, effect of ... ... ...Clues, new work recognized by ...Colour effect of ... .. ... ...
Regularity of objects, points on ...Air filters, use of in gas defence ... ...,, photos, reading of ... ... ...
Ammonal-Characteristics and use of ... ...
Charges, calculation of .. ... ...mined, for a definite crater ...
Issue of ... ... ... ...
Ammunition-Artillery, shell-proof protection for ...
,, shelters for ... ... ...
,, trench for storage of ...Protection for, degrees of .. ...Recesses for 18-pdr. ... . ....
,, in fire trenches ... ...
Storage accommodation in defence posts,, of ... ... ... ...
Anchors for brigades, placing ... ...
PAGfE.
... ... ... 58
... ... 149, 151
... ... ... 87
... ... ... 86
... ... ... 156... 151
... ... ... 152... 144
... ... ... 88
... ... ... 156
... ... ... 26
... ... ... 26
... ... ... 96... ... ... 94... ... ... 94... ... ... 97
... ... ... 75
... ... ... 93
... ... ... 177... ... ... 188
... ... ... 189
... ... ... 177
... ... ... 78
... ... ... 77, 78
... .. ... 78... ... ... 151
... ... ... 77
... ... . 61
... ... ... 86
... ... ... 78
... ... ... 136
229PAGE.
Angle, equal to a given angle, how to lay out ... ... ... 33how to bisect ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 33
,, right, how to lay out... ... ... ... ... ... 3360 or 1200, how to lay off ... ... ... .. ... 33
Angles of slope, conversion into fractions ... ... ... ... 32,, setting off, method ... ... ... ... ... 32
Animals, dead, disposal of ... ... ... ... ... 151Approaches-
Bridge, demolition by mined charges ... ... ... 194Bridges, importance of ... ... ... ... ... 128, 129Crossings, gap, regulation of traffic ... ... ... ... 128Fords, preparation of ... ... ... ... ... ... 142
Artillery-Ammunition, shelters for ... ... .. ... ... 77Bridges, light ... ... ... ... ... ... 134
Classification of ... .... ... . ... . .. ... 21
Command post, siting of ... ... ... ... ... 77Guns, characteristics of. ..... ... ... ... ... 22
Howitzers, characteristics of ... ... ... ... ... 22Field defences for ... ... ... ... .. 76 et seq.Fire, attraction by villages for ... ... ... ... 87Mortars, characteristics of ... ... ... ... ... 22
Personnel, shelters, instructions for ... ... ... ... 77Positions, order in construction of ... ... ... ... 76Protection for, degrees of ... ... ... ... ... 151
Attack, tank, defence against ....... ... ... ... 75
B.
Bangalore torpedo, description of ... ... ... ... ... 192
,, ,, use against obstacles ... ... .. , ... 58Bankseat or shore transom, use of ... ... ... ... ... 131
Barricades, use of ... ... ... .. . ... ... 57
Battery, camouflage of, methods ... ... .. .... ... 97
Battle position-Approximate, marking of, on map ... ... ... ... 82Communication trenches in the ... ... ... ... 85Engineers employed on field works for ... ... ... 103Organization of ... ... ... .. ... .. ... 83
Proposed, marking of by flags... ... .. ... ... 82Baulk holdfast, description of ... ... ... . ... 117
Beaches, shingle, defence of ... ... ... ... ... 91
Beams and road-bearers, sizes of ... ... ... ... ... 223
Billets-Bunks in buildings ... ... ... ... ... ... 145
Latrines, provision of ... ... ... ... ... ... 151
Preparation of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 145
Water, daily allowance of ... ... ... ... ... 146
(B 14783)q n 3
230
PAGE.Bivouacs--
Construction of ... ... ... ... .. ... .. 144Discomforts due to rain and draughts . ... ... ... 144Latrines, provision of ... ... ... .. ... .; 150Protection from shell and bomb splinters ... ... ... 145Rain water, disposal of in .. ... ... .. 144
Siting of, factors determining ... .. ..: ... ... 141Water, daily allowance in ... ... ... ... ... 146
Blast marks, use of camouflage for... ... ... ... ... 97Blockhouses, defence of ... ... ... ... .. 73
Blocks, tackle-Lashing to a spar ... ... ..... .. 115Mousing the hook of ... ... .. : ... 115Snatch, use of ... ... ... .. ... ... 120, 121Use of ... ... ... ... ... , ... ... 120
Boards, notice, for bridges ... ... ... ... .. ... 132for fords ... ... ... ... .. 142
for inter-communication ... ... ... ... 88for marking tracks ... ... ...... ... 162
Boat and bridging stores . .-.. . ... ... 216,, extemporized, from bivouac sheet ... ... ... ... 141,, buoyancy of, determining ... ... ... ... ... 143
Bolts, particulars of .. ... .. .. ... ... ... 218Bombs, aerial, protection from ... ... . ... ... 26Box respirator, remove before using compass ... ... ... 111Breastworks, use and construction of ... ... ... ... 63, 64Bridge ends, floating piers, precautions ... ... ... ... 137
traverse, use of ... ... ... . ... ... 67
Bridges-Approaches to, importance of ... ... ... .. ... 129Classification of ... ... ... ... ... ... 126Completion of, duty of officer in charge of construction, on 132Demolition of, methods of ... ... ... ... 193 et seq.Fastenings for bridge work, various ... ... ... ... 132Fixed piers, height of, method of fixing ... ... ... 130Flying ... ... ... .... .. .. .. 140Gauges, use of in a wet gap ... ... .. ... ... 133Light, road-bearers and beams, particulars of ... ... 223
,, infantry footbridges ... ... ... ... 133 et seq.
types of ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 127
Locality of, factors governing siting ... ... ... 127, 128Maintenance party for upkeep of ... ... ... ... 132Materials and use of, for ... ... ... ... ... 127Military, traffic controls for ... . ... ... ... ... 128
Notice boards for, provision of ... ... ... ... 132Parts of, general description ... ... ... ... 130 et seq.Piers, see P.
PAGE.
Bridges-contd.Road, necessity for ... ... ... ... ... ... 126
Safety and protective arrangements for ... ... ... 137Site, selection of the exact ... ... ... ... . 129Type of, factors determining ... ... ... ... . 129Types of ... ... ... .. ... . ...... 130
Wooden, demolition of by burning ... ... ... ... 194
Bridges light, fixed piers:-Disadvantages of ... ... ... ... ... ... 133
Crib piers, preparation of ... ... .. ... ... 134Materials for making ... ... ... ... ... 134
Scouring, cause and action against ... ... ... ... 136Trestles, various types of ... ... ...... ... 134
Bridges light, floating piers-Anchors, position of ... ... ...... ... 136Boat piers, use of ... ... ... ... ... 138Buoyancy, calculations for ... ... ... ... 142Cask piers, construction of ... ... ... ... 138
Construction of ... .. .. ... ... ... ... 136
Crossing streams, the best method ... ... ... ... 133Log piers, construction and use of ... .. .... ... 139Placing of, methods for the ... ... ... .. ... 136
Precautions necessary with bridge ends ... ... ... 137Traffic river, passage of ... ... ... ... ... 137
Bridges light, single span-Artillery, description of ... .. ... ... ... 134
Cantilever and suspension, use of ... ... ... ... 134Description of ... ... ...... ... ... 133
Brushwood as an obstacle in the defence ... ... ... ... 39,, revetments ... ..... ... ... ... 71
,, rule for transport for ... ... ... ... ... 29
cutting and use of ... ... ... ... 29
Buildings, demolition of ... ... . . . ... ... 192
Bullet, rifle, slope of descent ... ... ... ... ... 20
pointed, rifle, penetration of ... . ... ... 20Bullets, machine gun, penetration of ... ... ... ... 21
Buoyancy-Actual, and method of finding... ... ... ... ... 143Boat, available, how determined ... ... ... ... 143Floating bridge, calculations for a light ... ... ... 142Rafts, calculations for ... ... ... ...... .143
Safe, method of determining ... ... ... ... ... 143
,, of closed vessels ... ... ... . ... ... 143
(B 14783)q 3 4
232
C.
Cable, burying of ... ... ...Cables, insulated, for firing charges ...Camber, allowance for in height of pier ...
in road making ... ...,, use of in bridges ... ... ...
Camouflage-Area, method for effective ...Artillery positions during constructionBattery, dressing and spacing ...Blast marks, methods for ...Camps, method of ... ... ...Considerations affecting ...Definition of ... ... ... ...Dumps, forward ... ... ...Heavy guns, method of ... ...Inflammability of, precautions ...Machine gun emplacements ... ...Materials and their employment ...Mining work ... ... ... ...
Observation posts, methods of ...Principles of ... ... ... ...Screens, use of ... ... .. ...Shadows, disguising of ... ... ...Snow, considerations ... ... ...Spoil from dug-outs ... ... ..Summer to winter period to be watchedTanks, method of ... ... ...Tracks, discipline regarding ... ...Trenches, work on limited ... ...Work, important factors in ...
Camps-Camouflage of ... ... ... ...
Defence of, against an uncivilized enemyGround, foul, marking of ... ...Large, splinter-proof protection for ...Latrines, provision of ... ...Refuse, collection and disposal of ...Siting of, factors determining ... ...Water, daily allowance of ... ...
Cantilever bridges ... ...Canvas and wire netting in revetments ...
how supplied ... ... ...screens, use of ... ... ...
Causeway for tanks ... ... ... ...
PAGE.
... ... ... 88
... ... 183, 184
... ... ... 130
... ... 166, 169
... ... ... 131
... ... ... 98.... ... 77
... ... ... 97
... ... ... 97
... ... ... 100... ... 93 et seq.
.. ... ... 93... ... ... 99... ... ... 98... ... ... 98... ... "99, 100... ... 97, 214... ... ... 99... ... ... 98
... ... ... 93
... ... "43, 101
... ... ... 96
... ... ... 99
.. ... ... 99
... ... . 102
... ... ... 100
... ... ... 95
... ... ... 99
... ... ... 93
... ... ... 100
... ... ... 89
... ... ... 151
... ... ... 155
... ... ... 150... ... ... 151
... ... ... 141146
... ... ... 134
... ... ... 71
... ... ... 213101, 102, 132, 151
... ... .:. 134
Causeways for road crossings ... ... ...Chambers, dug-outs, construction of ...
Characteristics of-Ammonal... ... ... ...Cordeau detonant ... ... ... ...Dynamite ... ... ... ...Earth ... ... ... . ...Fulminate of mercury ... . ...Gun-cotton, dry ... ... ...
wet ... ... .Guns ... ... ... ... ... .
Howitzers ... ......Mortars ... ... ......Stones and earth ... ... ...
Charges, demolition-Ammonal, making up of ... ... .Calculations for ... ... ... ...Connecting up primer, detonator and fuze ...Demolitions under water ... ... ..Dynamite, fixing of ... ... ... ..Failure of, common causes ... ...Location of in building for demolition ..Making up and fixing, important points in ...
percautions ... ... ... ...
Mobile, use and making up of ...Stockades, calculation for ... ... .Tamping of ... ... ... ... ...
Charges firing of-Alternative methods ... ... ...Ammonal... ... ... ... .. .
Electrical, choice of method, points in the ...Electrically, connecting up ... ... ...
remarks ... ... ... ...
Gun-cotton ... ... ... ...
Insulated cables for ... ... ... ...Missfires, causes for ... ... ... ...Testing firing circuits ... ... ... ...
Charges, mined-Calculation of to produce definite craters ...Cordeau detonant, use of in firing ...Firing of electrically ... ... ... ...Laying of, considerations ... ... ...Priming, treatment of ... ... ...Tamping of essential ... ... ... ...
Cliffs,.chalk or rock, defence of ... ... ...., clay, defence of ... ... ... ...
PAGE.
.. 168
... 158
... ... 177179
... ... 177
... ... 29
... ... 178
... ... 178
... ... 176
... ... 22
... ... 22
... ... 22
... ... 29
... ... 181188 et seq.... 179
... ... 180
... ... 181
... ... 186
... ... 192
... ... 179.. 181
... ... 182... ... 192... ... 182
... ... 185
... ... 180
... ... 185
... ... 184
... ... 182
... ... 180... 183, 184... 185, 186... 184
188, 189... ... 179... ... 186... ... 189... ... 189... 182, 189... ... 92... ... 92
234
Coast defences, field-Bombardment, naval, effect of on .. ,Coast line, classification of ... ...Obstacles for, provision of ... ...Road blocking posts, provision ofSiting of ... ... ...
System of, general ... ...principles of development
Command post artillery, siting of ... ...Communication trenches, siting of ... ...
Communications-Cross-country tracks ... ... . ... ...Roads, see " R."Signal, burying of cable ... ... ... ...Tramways, see " T."Woods, provision of in ... ... . ... ...
Compass, remove helmet and box respirator before use...
Concealment-Artillery positions, during work on ... ... ...Battery position by screens ... ... ... ...Camouflage, use of ... ... ... .. ...
Defence posts, necessity for ... ... . ...Fire trenches, vital importance of ......Obstacles ... ... ... ....
Machine gun positions during construction ...,, guns, to be most complete ... ... ...
Shell holes, rules and points for ... ... ...Soil, disturbance of ... ... ...Trench, new, method of ... ... ...Tracks, precautions necessary ... . ...Work during progress ... ... .....
Consolidation-Trenches, fire, preparation for .. .....Outpost zone ... ... ... ...
Shell holes and craters ... .. ...Construction of shelters and dug-outs ...Control line. establishment of ... ...
Cooking arrangements-Grease traps. provision of ... ... ...In the field, a simple method ... ...Oven and cooker, types of ... ... .. ...Rations, storage of, in safes ... ...Trenches for ... ... ... ...
Weatherproof cover for cooks ... ... .. ...Co-operation with machine guns in siting trenches ...Cordage, detail of supply ... ... ... .. ..
PAGE.
... ... ... 90... ... ... 91
90.. .. . . 90
. ... ... 90
... ... ... 91... ... 77
... ... ... 38
162 et seq.
... 88
88... 111
... 77101
93 et seq.... 86... 36
47... 47
42, 4341
... 74
... 95
... 1009543
608474
.153... 128
.. 149150150150150150
... 35, 41... 215
235
Cordeau detonant-Characteristics of ...Detonating, methods of ... ...Fixing of, precautions ...Gun-cotton primer to be used:... ..Uses for ... ...
Corrugated iron, nailing of ... ...,, ,, revetments ... ...
Cover-
Artillery positions, order of importanceExisting, use of ... ... .. ..Guns, anti-aircraft, provision ofHead, provision of hasty .. ...Overhead, not for fire trenchesSearchlights, anti-aircraft, provision ofShell-proof for artillery ammunition ...
,, medium, description of ...Smoke, use of ...Splinter-proof, description of ... ...Thickness of, for shell-proof protection
Craters, defence of ......,, on roads, treatment of ... ...
Crops, treatment of, in the defence
'Cross-country tracks-Lanterns, use of at junctions and pointsMarking of, methods ...Necessity for provision of ... ..Pack animals, construction ofRoads, crossing of, preparation for ...Track wardens, for maintenance of ...Tracks for men, construction of ...Transport, horsed, construction of ...Trenches, crossing of ...
PAGE.
179179181180179154
71
76, 77197667677678
15525
15415575
16840
... 163,
Crossings, gap-Dry or fordable no arrangements necessary ..Illuminated signs by night forInfantry; tactical, limitations to ... . ..Numbering of ... ... ... ... . ...
Sides, precipitous, arrangements necessary ... ... :.Tapes, laying of before assault ... .. . ..Traffic, control of, at ... ... ... ...
-Crossings, small streams, use of causeway for .. : .Culvert, in road crossing over a small stream ... ... ...Curtains, gas, particulars of : . :... . . ...
Cutting tools,. description ... ... ...... ...
,, list of ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
163162162164165164163164164
142128128128142128128168168
7628
211
236
D.PAGE.
... .. ... 151... ... 131
Dead animals, disposal of ... .. ...Decking, bridges, nature, and care of ...
Defence-Co-ordination of all items of theCommunication trenches, methods of...
Crops, treatment of in theEfficient, method of obtaining the most
Gas, methods for
Posts, siting of ...
Successful, essentials for
Tank attack, obstacles suitable
Walls, use of, in ...
Woods, use of, in
Defence of-
Beaches, inspection of groynes ... ...Blockhouses ... ... ... ...
Camps in uncivilized warfare .. ... ...
Clay cliffs, demand special attention ... ...Cliffs of chalk or rook, points in the ... ...Embankments and cuttings ... ...
Hedges, important points ... ... ...Marshy shores with sea walls ... ... ...Sand hills, disadvantages of, in the ... ...
Sangars ... ... ... ... .. ...
Shell-holes and craters ... ... ... ...
Shingle beaches, difficulties in the ... ...Stockades ... ... ... ... ...
Town fronts on sea shore, arrangements for ...Villages, organization of ... ...Walls, considerations ... ... ... ...
Defence posts-
Accommodation necessary ... ... ...Concealment, necessity for ... ...Construction and organization of
Machine gun, siting of ... ... . ...
Siting of ... ... ... ......
Term, explanation of ... ... ...
Defences-
... ... 92
... ... 73
... ... 89
... ... .92... ... 92
... ... 73
... ... 73
... ... 91
... .. 91
... ... 73
... ... 74,75
... ... 91
... . 73
... 9287
... 73
... . 86... 86
... 86
... ... 87... 83... ... 86
Anti-aircraft, cover for ... ... .. .. ... ... - 76
Field, for artillery, descriptions ... ... ... 76 et seq.,, of a coast line, see" C."
responsibility for execution of ... ... ... ... 103
Hasty io c t i ... ... wr b n e ... 18Rear positions, construction of field works by engineers ... 103
237
PAGE.Defences-contd.
Shell-hole and crater ... ... ... ... ... ... 74
,.. temporary nature of ... ... ... ... 74Types of, officers to study ... ... ... ... ... 103Uncivilized warfare, design of, hints on ... .. ... 89, 90
Defences, deliberate-Employment of ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 19
Scope of, limitations ... .. ... ... ... ... 19Trenches, tracing of, instructions for ... ... ... ... 111
Defended localities-Accommodation, additional ... ... ... ... ... 87Concealment of, necessity for ... ... ... ... ... 87Obstacles, provision of ... ... ... ... ... ... 87Organization of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 87
Siting of, for defence of marshy shores with sea walls ... 91Term, explanation of ... ... ... ... .. ... 86
Defensive position-Foreground, preparation of ... ..... ... ... 39Inter-communication, notice boards for ... ... ... 88Junctions of formations, co-ordination of siting ... ... 82Line of, important considerations ... ... ... ... 81Obstacles for, order of priority ... ... .. .. 49Sectors, division of into ... ... ... ... ... 82Selection of, principles affecting ... ... .... 81Shell-holes and craters, conversion into a ... ... ... 74Signal communication, system of buried ... ... ... 88Siting of, considerations ... ... ... ... ... 81
Defensive system--Coast defences, field, development of ... ... ... 90
,, line, general ... ... ... .. ... ... 90
Composition of ... .. ... .. . ... ... ... 81
Construction of, responsibility for ... ... ... ... 103Headquarters, infantry and artillery ... ... ... ... 85Inter-communication, notice boards for .. ... ... 88Organization of ... ... . ... .. ... .. 85
Priority of work, decision for ... ... .. ... ... 85Reconnaissance and siting of ... ... ... ... ... 82Switches, use of, in .. .. .. ... ... ... 85Trenches, siting of, considerations ... ... ... .. 85Woods, design of, important points ... ... ... ... 88
inclusion of in a ... ... ... ... 87
Definition of camouflage ... ... . ... ... ... 93
Definitions (terms) ... ......... ... ... 13-17
Demolition stores, list of ... ... ... ... ... - ... 219
'Demolitions-Ammonal, disadvantages of, in ... ...... . 177Bridges deliberate method .. ... ... ... ... 193
PAGE.Demolitions-contd.
Bridges, hasty method ... ... ... ... ... ... 194
Buildings, distribution of charges for ... ... ... 192Charges for, see " C."Classification of ... ... ... ... ... ... 187, 188
Deliberate, best method of firing charges ... ... 185, 186Entanglements, barbed wire by Bangalore torpedo ... 58, 192Girders, considerations and formula .. ... ... 190, 191Gun-cotton, wet, use of in ... .. ... .. ... 177
Guns, method of ... .. ... ... .. . ... 191
Iron and steel work, formula ... ... ... .. ... 190
Objectives for, selection of ... ... ... ... ... 187
Other means, than by explosives ... ... ... ... 187Railways, methods of ... .. .. ... ... 195, 196
Reconnaissance for ... .. ... ... ... ... 187
Stockades ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 192
Timber posts and trees, method ... ... ... ... 192Uses of in warfare ... ... .. ... ... 186 et seq.
Derricks-Design of, factors governing .. .. ... 125Power required ......... ..... ...... ... 223Raising, method of ... ...... ... .... 122
Single, description and use of ... ... .. ... ... 122Spars, size of to be used .. ... ... 221Stresses, example of .. ... .. .... 125, 126
in lifting .... .. ... ... ... 221Swinging, description and use of ... ... ... ... 122Tackles for ... ... ... ... ... ... 222
Working party for erecting ... ... ... ... 123Destructor, provision of ... ... ... ... ... ... 151Detonation, nature of ... ... ... .. .... 176
Detonators-Commercial caps ... ... ... ... ... 178Connecting up for firing, precautions ... ... 180, 181Electric, No. 13, description of ... ... 178, 182No. 8, description and use of ... .. ... . :.. 178Precautions in fixing ... ... ... .. . - 181Storage and care of ... ... .. .. . 178Withdrawing from ammonal a dangerous- operation... ... 180
Dig, every man to be trained to ..., .. .. .. . 26Distance between two points, how to find . .. ... ... 33Drags, ropes, G.S., description of ... .. ....... 115
:Drainage- .... .. :Dug-outs, arrangements for ... ... ... .. ... 159Duty of maintenance ... ... ... . ... ... 66Gun emplacements ... ... ... .... . ... 78
239
Drainage-contd.Machine gun emplacements ... ... ...Roads, arrangements for .. .. ...Shell-holes, vital importance of ... ...Tramway tracks... .... ... ...Trenches .. ... .. ......
Trenches, ammunition ... ... ... .Drill for making wire obstacles ...Dug-outs--
Artillery, siting of ... ... ...Bunking, particulars of...... ...Construction, essential points in ...
,, general instructions ... ...Drainage, importance of ... ... ...Earth on one support, to find weight of ...Girders and rails in, safe loads for ... ...Protection by, degrees of ... ... ...Roofs, beams in, size of ...
,, of, instructions for ... ... .
Shell-proof, medium, cover for... ... ...Special, mine warfare ..... ...Splinter-proof, cover for ... ... .Timber, economy in use of ... ... ...
,, joists and poles in, safe loads for ...Tunnelled, accommodation required in
,, advantages and disadvantages of,, design and construction ... ...,, for shell-proof protection ...
Ventilation of, precautions ... ... ...Working parties, details for ... ... ...
Dug-outs, tunnelled-Chambers, construction of ... . ...Design and construction of ... ... ...Galleries, construction of ... .. .
Protection, shell-proof, as ... ...Dummy gun position, clues of active battery in ...Dumps, establishment of ... ... ...
,, forward, camouflage of ... ...
,, tool, in position warfare ... .. ...
Dynamite-Calculation of charges ... ... ...Characteristics of .. ... ...Comparison with wet gun-cotton ... ...Frozen, necessity for care in dealing with ...Manufacture and issue of ...Ramming of charge with an iron bar, dangerousUse of ... ... ... ... ...
PAGE.
... ... 43166, 167, 169
... ... 74
... 174...... 38, 65
...... 78... ... 53
... 77
... 160... 153
... 153159
... 154
154, 224... 151... 223
... 154
... 155
... 25
... 154
... 156
... 154
... 156
... 156
157 et seq.155 et seq... 160... 160
... 158157 et seq.
158155 et seq.... 99... 31
... 99
... 107
... 188177
... 177
177.. 177.. 181
... 177
Earth-Characteristics of
240
E.
PAGB.... ... ... ... ... ... 29
Depth of, for splinter-proof protectionExcavated, conspicuous from air ...Use of in field defences ... ...Weight of ...
,, of on roof, how to find ...Electrical firing of charges ... ... ...Electricity, as a means of firing charges ...Elephant shelters ... ... ... ...Embankments and cuttings, defence of ...
Emplacements-Ammunition not to be stored in ...Dimensions of, for various types of gunsDrainage of ... ... ... ...Gun, classification of ... ... ...Machine gun ... ... ... ...Platforms for, particulars of ... ...Protection of, measures for ... ...
Enfilade fire, siting trenches for ... ...Engineering, field, introduction ... ...Engineers employed on field works... ...
Entanglements-Abatis, destruction of by artillery ...Barbed wire, demolition of by BangaloreConcertina wire, description of ...Double apron fence, best pattern ...Gaps, provision of, in ... ... ...Line of to be taped ... . ...Low wire, description of ... ...Passage through ... ... ...Spider wire, construction of ... ...Standard French wire, rapid form of...Tree, construction of ... ... ...Wire, for communication trenches ...
,, man loads ... .. -.. ...
Woods, edge of, to deny enemy access
Entrenching-Tools, description ... ... ...Tools, list of ...... ...
Expanded metal revetmentsExploder, Dynamo, Electric Mk. VExplosion, nature of ... ... ... ...
... 154... ... ... 43... ... ... 29... ... ... 29... ... ... 152... ... 182et seq.... ... ... 178... ... ... 153... ... ... 73
... ... ... 78
... ... ... 79... ... ... 78
... ... 78
.. ... 40 et seq.... ... ... 79-81
... ... ... 79... ... ... 35... ... ... 16... ... ... 103
... 58torpedo ... 58, 192... ... ... 50... ... ... 50... ... 48, 49, 86... ... ... 51... ... ... 50
.. ... ... 58, 86... ... ... 51.... ... ... 49
... ... ... 57
... ... ... 62... ... ... 56
... ... ... 87
27211
71183176
"' "' "'
"' "' "'
"' "'
"' "' "'
Explosives-,Ammonal... ... ...
Bulk, for use on service
Classification of .. ...Cordeau detonant ...
Detonators for ... ...
Dynamite ...
Fulminate of mercury ...
Gun-cotton, dry ...wet ...
Methods of firing ...
Primers, use of ... ...
Fascine, use and making of ... ... ... ...
Felling trees ... ... ...
Ferries, use of rafts as ... ... ...
Field defences of a coast line ... ... ...
for artillery ... ... ...
responsibility for execution of ...
,, engineering, introduction ... ...
Field fortifications-
Aeroplane, protection from ... ... ...
Classification of ... ... ... ..
Bombs, aerial, protection against ... ...
Defences,. deliberate ... ... ... ...
S hasty ... ... . . .
Definition of ... ... ... ... ...
Design of, effects of modern war on ...
Gas, as affecting design... ... ..General principles of ... ... ... ...
Mines, influence on design ... ...
Objects of, main... ... ... ...
Tanks, influence on design ... ...Tools and materials used in ... ... ...
Field geometry ... ... ...
,, level, use of ... ...
Field of fire-
Extent of... ... ... ... ... ...
Foreground, preparation of ... ... ...
Improving and clearing ... ... ...
Woods, clearing for ... ... ... ...
Field works-
Construction, responsibility for ... ...
Division of into two classes ... ...
PAGE.
... ... 177
... ... 176
... 176
... 179
178
... 177
... ... 178
... 178
... ... 176
... 177, 178
... ... 178
... 30
... 29
... 140
90 et seq.76 et seq.
103
... 16
... 26
... 18
... 26
... 19
... 18
... 18
... 19
... 25
18 et seq.
... 25
18
25
27 et seq.... 32-34
... 32
... 35, 38
... 39
... 39
... 39
... ... 103
... ... 103
"' "' "'
'''
" " "'
"' "' "'
"' "
'
......
........
.........
........
......
242Field works-contd. PAGE.
Engineers, employment on ... .. .... ... 103Officer in charge, responsibilities of ... ... 104, 106, 107, 110Reconnaissance for ... 104 et seq.Table of time, men and tools for ... ... ... 202 et seq.Task and time work-division of .. .. .... ... 109Tasks, limits of, to be marked ... ... ... ... 105Tools, demands for working parties ... ... ... ... 106Trenches, tracing of ... .. ... .. .. ... 111Withdrawal from, authority for ... ... ... ... 104
Fire-Artillery, attraction by villages for ... ... ... ... 87Classification of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19Enfilade, considerations in siting trenches ... ... ... 35Machine gun, description and use of ... ... .. ... 21
,, penetration of ... ... ... ... ... 21Protection of camouflage against ... ... ... ... 98Rifle, maximum range ... ... ... ... ... ... 20Trenches, concealment of ... ... .. .. ... 36
design of ... ... ... ... ... 59-61
,, siting of ... ... ... ... ... ... 34-40
Firing charges, see " C."Fishing spars, how to ... .... .. ... ... ... 115Flash screens, use of at night ... ... ... ... ... 102Flying bridge ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... 140
Fords-Approaches, preparation of ... .. ... .... 142
Marking of ... ... . .. ... ... ... 142
Notice boards for ... ... . .. .. .. 142Passable, limits to depth of ... ... .... ... ... 141Positions of ... ... ... ... 142
Shallow muddy rivers, use of mats ... ... ... 142Streams, efforts to bridge, necessity for ... ... ... 142
Forward slope positions ... .. ... .. ... ... 36Frames revetting, use of ... ... ... .... ... 31, 70Fulminate of mercury, characteristics of ... ... ... ... 178Fuze, safety, connecting up for firing ... ... ... 180, 181
,, ,, No. 11, rate of burning ... ... ... ... 177Fuzes, lighting of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 183
G.
Gabions in revetments ... ...... .. ... .. 72use and making of ... .. ... .. ... ... 30
Galleries, dug-outs, construction of .... ... ... ... 158Gap, measurement and section of, for bridging ... ... ... 129Gaps, crossing, see " C."
243
Gaps in wire, provision of ... ... ...
,, road, protection of ... ...
,, small, bridging by filling in .. ...
,, assault across, approaches for ...
Gas-
Bore holes of dug-outs, precautions ...
Curtains, particulars of ... .
Defence against ... ... ...
Helmet, carrying of by working parties
Villages a harbour for ... .Woods, harbouring of ...
Gauges, use of in a wet gap ... .
Geometry, field ... ... .
Girders, demolition of
,, to find load of earth on span
Grease traps, provision of ... ... .
Ground, boggy, passage of ... ... .
,, foul, marking of ... ... ...
study of, before siting trenches ...
Groynes, inspection of, in defence of beaches
G.S. wagon loads of field stores ... ...
Guides for working parties ... ... ...
working parties, fictitious names for
Gun-cotton, dry, characteristics of ...
PAGE.
... 48, 86
... 48
... 134
... 128
... 160
... 76
... 75
... 109
... 87
... 87
... 133
... 32-34... 190
... 224
... 149
... 164
... 151
34
... 92
.. 208
105, 106... 108
... 178
Gun-cotton, wet-
Calculation of charges ... ... ......... .. 188
Characteristics and use of .. . ... ... .. 176
Composition of ... ... ... ... . ... 176
Issue of, for use ... ... ... ...... ... ... 176
Gun emplacements, classification of ... ... ... ... 78
, pits, reverberation of ... ... .. ... ... 79
, platforms, particulars of ... ... . ... ... 79-80
various natures, details of ... .. ... 80-81
, position, dummy, clues of active battery in ... ... 99
Guns, anti-aircraft, cover for ... ... ... ... ... 76
,, characteristics of ...... .. ... ... ... 22
heavy, method of camouflage ........ ... 98
methods of demolition of ... ... ... ... ... 191
Gyns-S Description and use of ... ... ... ... 124
Design of, factors governing ... ... ... .. ... 125
Power required ... ...... 223
Spars, size of to be used ... ... ... ... 221
Stresses in lifting ... ... ... ... ... 221Tackles for ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 222
Working with, points for ... ... ... ... .. 124
244
H.
Handrails, nature and use of on bridges ...
Hasty defences ... ... ... ...Head cover, provision of hasty ... ...
Hedges, defence of ... ... ... ...
S in the defence, use of ... .Holdfasts, description and strength of ...Helmet, steel, removal before using compassHouses, demolition of ... ... ...Howitzers, characteristics of ... ...Hurdles, use and making of ... ...
Hutments-
Hutting, provision of ... ... ...Latrines, provision of ... ... ...Protection for splinters ... ...Siting of, factor determining ... ...Stoves, issue of for ... ... ...Water, daily allowance of ... ...
I.Illumination of obstacles ... ... .
Incinerator, temporary, type of ...Intelligence posts ... ... ...Introduction, field engineering ...
Inundations, use of ... ...Iron and steel work, demolition of ...
K.
Keep, provision of in village defence
Knife rests ... ... ... ...
Knots, desdription and use of ... ...
PAGE.132
... 18
... 67
... 73
... 39
116, 117... 111
... 40
... 22
... 30
... 145
... 150
... 146
... 141
... 146
... 146
58
... 151
.. 68
... 16
57
... 190
... 87
... 56
113 et seq.
L.
Laagers, description of ... .... ... ... ... ... 89
Land mines, see " M. "Landing stages for rafts ... ... ... . ... ... 140
Lashings-
Diagonal, description and use of ... ... ... ... 114
Hemp-rope, precautions necessary ... ... .. ... 115
Rack, description and use of ... ... ... ... ... 114
Rope or wire for fastening bridge work ... ... ... 132
Lashings-contd.
Square, description and use of...
Strength of ... ...
Wire, use of ... ...
Latrines-
Accommodation, scale of ...
Provision of, urgency for ..
Screens, provision of ... ...
Sites for, precautions ... ...
Types of ... ... ... ...
Ledgers and shoes, use of with bridges
Level, field, use of ... ... ...
Levers, various orders of ... ...
Localities, defended, see " D."
Look-out posts ... ...
Loopholes, construction and use of...
Lorry, 3-ton, loads of field stores ...
Machine gun-
Bullets, penetration of ... ... ... ...
Defence posts, siting of ... . .
Fire, description and use of ... ... .
Machine gun emplacements-
Camouflage of ... ... . . .
Champagne type ... ... .
Classification of ... ... .. .
types ... ... ..
Coast defences, siting of ... ...
Construction of ... ... ... . . ..
Dimensions of ... ... . ... .
Drainage and revetment of ...
General principles ... ...
Hasty, construction of ... ... ... ...
Moir pill-box, type ... ...
Open, description and use ... ...
Reinforced cement, type ... .
Siting of on lower slopes of clay cliff coast ...
Type, factors governing ... ... ...
Machine gun positions-
Concealment during construction ...
Considerations in siting ...
Harassing fire, for ... ...
Marking of by flags ... .. .. .
Responsibility for siting ...
Villages, siting of in ... ... ..
Woods, siting of in ... ... ... ...
PAGE.
... 114
... 119
... 115
151
... 150
... 151
... 150
... 150
135
32
117, 118
... 68
... 67
... 208
... 21
87
21
... 99, 100... ... 45
... ... 41
... 45
... ... 90
... ... 42
... 44
... ... 43
... ... 40
... ... 42,43
... ... 46
... ... 45
... ... 46
... ... 92
... ... 41
... ... 42,43... 41
... 42
... 83
... 41
87
... ... 88
246
Machine guns-- PAGE.Concealment and protection for ... ... ... ... 41Co-operation with in siting trenches ... ... ... ... 35, 41
Man loads of field stores ... ... ... ... ... 208Manure, disposal of .. : ... ... ... ... ... ... 151Marks, range, to be provided ... ... ... ... ... 40Marshy shores with sea walls, defence of ... ... . 91Materials, distribution of, method ... ... ... .. ... 31Metalled roads, construction of ... ... ... ... 165 et seq.Mined charges, see " C."
Mines, land-Contact mines, description of ... ... ... . ... 196Delay action mines, description of ... ... ... 197Detection and removal of ... ... ... ... 198, 199Nature, use and classification of .. .. ... ... 196Observation mines, description of ... ... .. ... 197Precautions necessary ... ... ... .. ... .. 198Surface, use of ... ... ..... ... ... ... 57
Trench system, influence on design of ... ... ... 25Mining work, camouflage of .. ... .. ... ... 99Mirage, effect on wire obstacles ... ... ... ... 51Missfires in firing charges ... ... 185, 186Mortars, characteristics of ... ... ... .. .. ... 22Mousing a hook ... ... ... ..... ... 115
N.
Nails, method of using with corrugated iron ... .. ... 154particulars of ... .. ... .. . ... ... 218
Netting, wire, use of ... ... ... 71, 163Night work, training for ... ......... 17Notice boards for bridges ... ... ... . ... ... 132
,, for fords ... ... . . .. 142,, ,, for inter-communication ... ...... 88
,, for marking tracks.... ... ... 162
0.
Observation, enemy, means of ... ... .. .. ... 93
Observation posts- .
Camouflage of, methods ... . .. . .. .. 98Craters, importance of, in ....... .. .. 75Defence posts, provision for ... ... .. ... ... 86Design of, considerations .. ... ... ... 68Security of in siting trenches .. ... ... ... ... 35
247
Obstacles- PAGE.
Abatis, destruction of by artillery ... ... ... ... 58Anchorage of ... ... : ... ... ... ... 48
Apron fence, thickening of ... ... ... ... ... 55
Bangalore torpedo, use against ... .. 58, 192Barbed wire, most effective ... ... . ...... 49Barricades, use of ... ... ... ... ... 57
Coast defences, provision of ... ... ... ... ... 90Communication trenches, making along ... ... 48Concealment of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 47
Concertina wire, description of ... . ...... 50Construction of, considerations .. ... ... .... 48
,, duty of ... ... ... ... .. ... 49
Craters by mined charges ... ... ... ... 189
Defence against tank attack ... ... .. ... .... 75
Defended localities, provision of ... ... ... ... 87Destruction of by artillery ... ... ... ... ... 47, 58
Double apron fence, description ... .. ... ... 50Erection of, without authority ... ... ... ... 49Gaps, concealment of ... ... . ... ... 49
,, marking of ... .. . .. ... .. 49
Hasty, storage of for defence of a clay cliff coast line ... 92Hedges, in the defence ... . ... . ... ... 39
Illumination of ... ... ... ... 58Inundations, use of ... ... ... ... ... 57
Low wire entanglement, description ... ... ... ... 50Mines, surface, use of ... ..... ... ... ... 57
Nature of.. .. ...... . .. .. ... ... 47
Passage of, through wire, &c. ... ... ... ... ... 58
Portable, for use in defence of 'a shingle beach ... ... 91Protection of ... ... .. ... ... .. .. 49
Protective, siting and use of ... ... .. ... 47
Spider wire, description ... ... .. ... ... 51
Standard French wire, rapidity of ... ... ... 49Sunken, value of ... ... ... .. ... ... 48
Tactical, siting and use of ... ... ... ..... 47
Tank, nature of ... ... ... .. ... .. ... 58
Tree entanglement ... ... ... ... .. .. 57
Wire, effect of mirage on ... ... ... .. 51
,; drill for making .. .... . .. ... ... 53 et seq.
man loads ... ... ...... ... 56
,, marking position of by lags ... ... . ... 82, sunken, against tank and infantry attacks ... 75,, visibility from the air ... ... ... ... . 51
Woods, conversion of into .. 87
use of, in defence ... . ... ... ... 40
Zone, passage for artillery .. ... ... ... ... 49
,, weakest point in .. ... ... .... .. 48
248
Officer in charge of-
Bridge construction, duty of ... ...Tramways, responsibilities of ... ...Field works, responsibilities of ...Working party, responsibilities of ...
Officer ordering a working party, duty of...Officers to study types of defences... ...Orchards, see " Woods."
Outpost zone-
Communication trenches in ...Consolidation of ...
Extent of... ...
Organization and siting ofOverhauling a tackle
Overhead cover not for fire trenches
P
Parties, tracing ... ... ... ...
S working ... ... ... .
Passing places in communication trenches
,, on single way roads ... ...
points on tramway tracks ... ...
Penetration of machine gun bullets ...
of a pointed rifle bullet ...
Periscopes, use of in various objects ...
Perpendicular, how to trace ... ...
Photographs, aeroplane, see " A."
,, air, reading of ... ...
Piers, bridge-
Boats ... ... ... ...
Casks ... ... .
Crib ... ...
Logs ... .. ... ...
Trestles ... ... . .
Pickaxe, use and method ...
Pickets, use of as holdfasts ... ... ...
,, ,, use on revetments ...
Platforms, gun, details of the various natures
, particulars of ...
Planking, forest, in revetments ... ...
Positions-
Artillery, order in construction of
Battery, concealment of by screens ..
Captured, fire trenches for .
Defensive, preparation of the foreground
104,
PAGE.
... 132
... 175
106, 107, 110
104, 106, 111
106
... 103
.. ... 112
... ... 103 et seq.... ... 62
... 166, 170
... ... ... 174
... 21
... ... 20
... 99
.. ... ... 33
... ... ... 93
138
138
134
139
135
27
116
70
80-81
79-80
71
of...
249
Positions-contd.
Dummy gun, clues of active battery inFire, drainage of ... ... .
,, nature of protection for... ...Forward slope, description ...Machine gun, responsibility for sitingReverse slope, description ... ...
Post-
Command, artillery, siting of ... ...Defence, see " D."
Intelligence ... ... ...Look-out ... ... ... ..
Marking tracks, for ... ... ...Observation ... ... ... ...
S in craters, importance ofRoad blocking in field coast defences
Snipers', siting and construction of ...
Primers-
Connecting up for firing ... ...Mined charges, treatment of ... ...Testing of before use, precautions ...Use of ... ... ... ...
Gun-cotton, dry, issue of ... ...
Protection-
Aeroplane attack ... ... ...Bivouacs, from shell and bomb splinters
Camouflage, against fire ... ...Communication trenches ...
Efficient, for all works, for occupation
Gas, in dug-outs ... ... .
Hutments, splinter-proof ...Machine guns, to be most complete ...Obstacles to have ... ...
Shell-proof for ammunition ...
medium ... ...
thickness of cover ...
Shelters and dug-outs ..
Splinter-proof, description of ... ...
Trenches, concealment the best ..,, natures of ... ... ...
Working parties, precautions necessaryProtective obstacles ... ... ... ...
Pumps, supply of, for drainage ... ...
Purifying water, methods of ...
PAGE.
99
. 5
... 58
36
... 41
... 36
... ... ... 77
... ... .. 68
... ... ... 68
... ... 162
... ... 68
... ... ... 75
... .. ... 90
... ... ... 68
... 180
... 189
... 180
... 178
178
... 26... 145
98
... 62
... 58
... 25
... 146
... 41
... 49
... 78
... 155
... 155
151 et seq.
... 154
... 35
58
... 109
... 47
... 65
... 147
Rafts-Buoyancy of, calculations for ... ..Deck space, estimating forDescriptions of, general ...Extemporized, for 18-pdr. gun ...Ferries, permanent, use as ......Landing stages for ... ... ... ..Loads, table of, due to light artillery, &c ...
Rails, safe loads over spans ... ... ...Railways-
Demolition of, methods ... . ...Obstacles on, craters by mined charges ...
Range marks, to be provided ...Rear systems, use and organizations ofReconniassance-
Battle position, marking of by flags ... ...Defensive system, conduct of ... ...
,, , , responsibility for co-ordinationDemolitions, importance of, for ..Field works, modifications ... ... .Preliminary, defensive system ...
for tracing trenches ... ...Siting of defended localities ... ... .Tramways, special points for ...
Reeving a tackleRefuse, camp, disposal of ..Reserve trenches, design of ...Reverse slope positions ... ...Revetment-
Trenches, considerations onType, selection of ... ...
Revetments-Brushwood, preparation and use in ...Corrugated iron, use in ... ...Expanded metal, use in ...Gabions, use of in ... ... .Machine gun emplacements ... ...Pickets, use of inPlanking, forest, use in .. . ..Revetting frames, use of inSandbags, preparation and use in . ..Sods, construction of ..
Types of ... .Wire netting and canvas, useless in ...
Revetting of communication trenches ... ...Ribands or wheel-guides, use of
PAGE.
... 143S140... 139
... 141
... 140
... 140143
... 224
195, 196189
... 40
... 86
... 8282
... 82
. 187.. 104
... 34
... 111
... 82
... 173120151
... 63
36
... ... 6969
7171717243707170
... .. 72
72
70... ... 71
... ... 62
... ... ... ... 131
PAGE.
Rides, provision of in woods ... ..... ... ... ... 40, 88
Rifle fire, maximum range ... .. ... ... ... ... 20
Right angle, how to lay out .. ... ... ... ... 33
River traffic, passage through floating bridges ... ... ... 137Rivers, muddy, shallow, crossing on mats... ... ... ... 142Road-bearers and beams, sizes of ... ... ... ... ... 223
Road blocking posts in field coast defences ... ... ... 90,, bridges ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 126 et seq.
,, gaps, protection of ... .. ... ... ... ... 48
,, screens, siting of ... ... ... ... ... ... 102
,, bearers, nature and laying of ... ... ...... 131
Roads-Bridges, nature and width of ... .. ... .. ... 130
Causeways, use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 168
Construction, general principles ... .. ... ... 165
Metalled-Camber in, particulars of ... ... ... ... 166, 169Construction, operations of ... ... ... ... 165Craters, filling in of ... ... ... ... ... 168
Drainage of ... . ... ... ... 166, 167
Maintenance of ... ... ... ... ... 166 et seq.
Passing places on single way ... ... ... 166, 170Ruts, repair of ... ... ... ... ... ... 167
Thaw precautions, for traffic ... ... ... ... 166Width of single and double way ... ... ... ... 166
Obstacles in, craters by mined charges ... ... ... 189
Slab, sleeper or corduroy-Width of single and double way ... ... ... ... 169Turning places, provision of ... ... ... 170Construction of, methods ... ... ... ... 169-170Drainage of ... . .. .. ... ... 169
Converting into metalled ... ... ... ... ... 170
Natures of ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 169
Materials, description of ... ... ... ... ... 169
Sunk, special points on ... ... ... . .. 167
Tracks, crossing, preparation for ... ... ... ... 165Tramway crossings, construction of ... ... ... ... 174
Roofs of shelters and dug-outs ... ... ... ... 154
Rope-Care of when using ... ... ... .. .. ... 118
Descriptions of service ... ... ... ... ... ... 118
Lashings for fastening bridge work ... .. ... ... 132Precautions when working ... ... ... .. ... 118
Seizing ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... 115
Size of, how measured ... ... ... ... ... ... 119
Whipping ... ... ... ...... .. ... 115
252
Rope-contd. PAGE.Wire, table of lengths and weights ... .. ... ... 217Working stress of ... ... ... ... ... ... 119
Ropes, drag, G.S., description of ...... ... ... ... 115
Russian saps, conversion to communication trenches ... ... 65,, ,, nature and use of ... ... ... ... ... 64
S.
Sacks, capacity and use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 30, 31
Safes, for storage of rations ... ... ... ... ... 150
Sandbags, dimensions and use of ... ... ... ... ... 30
,, in revetments ... ... .. ... ... ... 72
Sand hills, defence of ... ... .. .. ... ... 91
Sangars, construction of ... ... ... ... ... ... 29
,, defence of ... ... .... .. ... ... 73
Sanitation, bearing on efficiency of force ... ... ... ... 144Sapping, explanation of term ... ... ... ... 64
Saps, Russian, nature and use of ... ..... .. ... 64
,, wiring of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 64
Scouring, cause and action against ... ...... ... 136Screening, aim and methods of ... ... ..... 100
Screens-Artificial, description of ... ... ... ... ... 100
Camouflaged, preparation and use of ... ... ... 101Flash, use of at night ... ... ... ... .. ... 102
Handrails on bridges for horse traffic, supply of ... ... 132Latrine, provision of ... ... .. . .. ... ... 151
Manufacture, erection and maintenance of ... ... ... 102Natural, preparation of... ... ... ... ... ... 101
Plain, use and effect of... ... ... ... ... ... 101
Road, siting of ... ... .... .. . .. ... ... 102
Searchlights, anti-aircraft, cover for ... .. ... ... 76Sectors, siting of trenches at junctions ... .... ... 34Seizing a rope ... ... ... ...... ... 115
Selvagees, use of ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 116
Sheers-Description and use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 123
Design of, factors governing ... ... ... .. ... 125
Power required ... ... ... ... ... ... 223
Spars, size of to be used ... ... ... ... ... 221
Stresses, example of ... ... ... ... ... 125, 126
,, in lifting ... ... ... ... .. .. .. 221Tackles for ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... 222
Shell-holes-Concealment of from ground observers ... ... ... 74Consolidation and defence of ... ... ... ... ... 74
253
Shell-holes-contd. PAGE.Conversion of into a defensive position ... ... ... 74Defences, temporary nature of ... ... ... ... 74Drainage of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 74Water in, never to be used for drinking ... ... ... 146
Shell-proof accommodation order of construction ... ... 88,, medium, cover ... ... ... ... ... 155,, protection .. ... ... .. ... 155 et seq.
Shells, classification and use of ... ... ... ... ... 23-25
Shelters, protective--Ammunition, artillery ... ... ... ... ... ... 77Construction, essential points in ... ... .... 153
,, general instructions ... ... .. ... 153Curved corrugated iron ... .. ... ... ... 152Earth on one support, to find weight of ... ... ... 154Elephant, large and small ... .. ... ... ... 152Girders and rails in, safe loads for ... ... ... 154, 224Materials for, list of ... ... ... ... ... ... 213Personnel, artillery, instructions for ... .. ...... 77Provision of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 151Roofs of, instructions for ... ... ... ... ... 154Shell-proof, medium, cover for ... ... . ... 155Splinter-proof cover for... ... ... .. ... ... 154Timber-joists and poles in, safe loads for ... ... ... 154Troughing plates ... ... ... ... ... ... 152
Types of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 152
Shovel, use and method ... ... ... ... ... ... 27
Sighting of rifles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20
Single derrick ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122
Siting of trenches ... ... .. .... .. ... ... 34-40
Slings, various, designation and strength of .. ... ... 116Slit trenches, description and use of ... ... ... ... 63Slopes, angles, conversion into fractions ... .. ... ... 32
,, described by fractions ... .. ... ... ... 31,, earth, affect of weather on ... ... . ... 29,, gauging ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... 32
,, setting off .. ... ... .. . ... ... ... 32
Smoke, production and use of ... .. ... ... ... 25Snatch blocks, use of... ... ... ... ... ... 120, 121Snipers' posts, siting and construction of ... ... . ... 68Snow camouflage, considerations ... ... .. ... ... 99Sods, cutting of ... ... ... .. ... .. ... 29
use of ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... ... 29
Spar, carrying of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 122
,, how to lash a block to a ... ... .. ... ... 115Spars, fishing of, how to .. ... .. . .... .. ... 115
how to lash ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 114
Splinter-proof cover ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 154
Stables, siting and building of ...
Stages, landing, for rafts ...
Stockades, defence of ...
demolition of ...
Stones, use of in defence works
Stores, bridging and boat ...
,, distribution of, method ...
loads for-
G.S. wagons ... ... ...Lorry, 3-ton ... ... .
Man ... ...
Stores, miscellaneous
Sissue of for hutments ...
Streams, best method for crossing
S fordable, necessity for bridging
Sumps, considerations in provision of
S necessity for ... ..
Sunk roads, special points on ...
Support trenches, design of ... ...
Suspension bridges ...
Swinging derrick ... ...
Switches, use of in trench systems ...
T.
Tackles-
Chock-a-block, length when ...
Definitions used with ... ...
Mechanical power of
Names of parts of
Overhaul of, method ...
Precautions before use
during use
Reeving of, method
Whip, description of ... ...
Tactical obstacles ... ...
Tamping of charges, points ...
Tank attack, defence against ..
obstacles, nature of ... ...
Tanks, as affecting design of works
camouflage of... ... ...
causeway for ... ... ...
Tape for marking tracks ... ...
Tape-templet, use of ...
Terms, technical, glossary ofTesting firing circuits
Thaw precautions for road traffic ...
PAGE.
146
140
73
192
.. 29
... 216
... 31
... ... 208
S 208
208
212
... 146
... .. 133
... ... 142
... 6538
166, 167
63
.. 134
... 122
... 85
... 125
... 120
... 121
1.20
... 120
... 121
121, 122... 120
... 121
... 47... 182
... 75
... 57, 5825
100
S134
163
112
... 13-17
... 184
... 166
255
PAGE.Timber, detail of supply ... ... ... .. ... ... 215
economy in use of in dug-outs ... ... ... 156posts, demolition of .. : ...... ... . 192use of ... ... .. .. . .. . .. ... 29
Tool dumps, in position warfare ... ...: ... ... ... 107
Tools-Cutting, description ... ... ... ... ... 23
,, list of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 211Demands, for working parties ... ... ... ... 107Distribution of, method ... ... ... ... ... 31Entrenching, description ... ... ... ... ... 27
,, list of ... .... .. ... ...... 211Field fortifications, used in ... ... ... ... ... 27, 28Miscellaneous ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 212
Pick-axe, method of using ... ... ... ... ... 27Shovel, method of using ... ... ... ... ... 27Training in use of, necessity for ... ... ... ... 26
Town fronts on coast line, defence of ... ... ... ... 92Trace, definition of ... ... ... .. . ... 59
Tracing-Templet, tape, use of .. ... ... ..... ... 112
Parties, organization of ... .. ... ... .. 112
Practice in, necessity for by day and night . .... ... 111Reconnaissance, preliminary, importance of ... ... 111Tape, laying of, method ... ... ... ... ... 112
Trenches, instructions for ... ... ... ... .. 111Track wardens, use of ... . ... ... 163, 164
Tracks, cross-country ... ... ... ... 162 et seq.
discipline regarding ...... ... ... ... 95
Traffic controls-Bridges, military ... ... ... ... ... ... 128
Crossings, infantry ... ... ... .. .. ... 128
Traffic, river, passage through floating bridges ... ... ... 137Trail-support for gun platforms ... ... ... .. ... 79
Training for night work ... .. ... .... . .. ... ... 17
,, in use of tools ... ... . . ... ... 26
Tramways-Construction of track ... ...... ... ... ... 173Control of rolling stock ... ... ... .. ... 175
Description of tracks ... ... . .. . ... 171, 172
Drainage of tracks ... ... ... ........ ... 174
Location of lines, points in ..... ... ... ... ... 172
Maintenance, inspection of track, points i .... .. ... 175Officer in charge, responsibilities of .. ... ... ... 175Operating forward sections, system of ... ... ... 175Passing points, provision of ... ... ... ...... 174
Purpose of ... .. ... .. ... ... ... 170
256
Tramways-contd. PAGE.Reconnaissance for and staking out the line... ... ... 173Road crossings, construction of ... ... ... ... 174Rules for efficient working of ... ... ... .. ... 175Types of .. ..... .. . ... .. . 171
Working parties, distribution and work of ... ... 1.73-174Transom, shore or bankseat, use of ... ... ... ... 131Transoms, support of ... ... ... ... .. ... 131
Traps, explosive-Design of ... . ... ... ... 198Detention and removal of ... ... ... ... 198, 199Object of ... ...... ... .... .. ... 197
Precautions necessary ... ... ... ... ... ... 198Traps, grease, use of ... ... ... ...... ... 149Traverses, bridge, use of .. ... ... ... ... ... 67
,, construction and use of ... ... ... ... ... 66in communication trenches ... ... ... ... 61
Trees, demolition of ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 192
,, inspection and felling of ... ... ... ... ... 29,, use of in the defence ... ... ... ... ... ... 39
Trench-board track, use of ... ... ... ... ... ... 163Trench-boards not to be used in galleries ... ... ... ... 160
,, use of... ... ... ... ... . .. 31, 61, 66Trench wardens, detail of for drainage system ... ... ... 66
Trenches-Ammunition ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 78Camouflage work on ... .. ... ... ... ... 99Concealment, as the best means of protection ... ... 35
of new ... .. .... ... ..... 100
Defensive system, siting of ... ... .. ... ... 85Design, efficiency of, factors ... ... ... ... ... 58Drainage of ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 38, 65Loopholes, use of by snipers in ... ... ... ... 67Protection, nature of ... ... ... ... ... ... 58Reserve, design of ... ... ... .. ... ... 63Revetment of ... ... ... .. ... ... 69
Siting, considerations summarized ... ... ... .. 38Slit, description and use of ... ... ... ... ... 63
,, good splinter-proof protection ... ... ... ... 155Support, design of ... ... .. ... .... .. 63Tracing of, instructions for ... ... ... ... ... 111Tracks, crossing of, preparation for .. ... ... 164Woods siting of, considerations ... ... .. ... 8
Trenches, cummunication-Camouflage of, example ... ... ... ... ... 95Defence of, importance of ... ... .... .. ... 62Defended localities ... ... .. .. ... ... 89
Trenches, communication-contd.Design of ... ... ... ...Junctions, siting of ... ... ...Obstacles, making of along ... ...
Outpost zone and battle positions ...Passing places, provision of in ...Preparation for use as fire trenches ...Revetting of, necessity for ... ...Russian saps, converted into ... ...
Sign-posts for ... ... ... ...
Siting of ... ... ... ... ...
Splinter-proofs in ... .. ...Traffic, allotment of to up and down routes .Traverses in, obstruction to movement
Wardens, for drainage system, detail of
Trenches, fire-
Concealment, vital importance of ...Conditions essential for ... ...
Consolidation of captured position ..
Co-operation with machine guns in siting
Design of, affected by mines ... ...
,, affected by tanks ... ...
guiding principles ... ...
Digging of, rules for ... .. ...Enfilade fire, provision for in siting ...Field of fire, extent of ... ... ...Forward slope positions, siting of ...Ground, study of, before siting ..Lying down, construction of ... ...Mutual support, siting of, for ... ...Observation post to be secure from captureProtection against aeroplanes ... ...Recesses for ammunition, preparation ofReconnaissance for siting ...Reverse slope positions, siting ofSectors, adjustment at junctions
Section of, names of parts ...Siting of, guiding principles ...Splinter-proofs in ... ...
Trace, forms in general use ...
Tracing and marking of ...
Woods and valleys, effect of gasTrestles, placing and securing ...
Troops, protection for, degrees of ...
Tunnelled dug-outs, see " D."
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PAGE.
61
6348, 62
85
62
62
62
65
62
38
154
110
61
66
36
35
60
35
25
25
35, 5960
35, 38
35, 38
37, 3834
61
36
35
25
61
34
37, 3834
60
35
154
59
34
25, 87
S135
S151
258
U.Uncivilized warfare- PAGE.
Camps, defence of in mountainous country ... ... ... 89,, ,, in open country ... ... ... ... 89
Defensible post, example of ... ... ... ... ... 90
Design of defences, hints on from enemy ... ... ... 89
V.
Valleys, trenches in, effect of gas ... ... ... ... ... 25Ventilation of dug-outs ... .... ... ... 160
Villages-Artillery fire, attraction by ... ... .. ... ... 87
Defence of, organization ... ... ... ... ... 87
Gas, harbour for... ...... ... ... ... ... 87
Keep, provision in defence of ... ... ... ... ... 87
Trenches in, effect of gas ... ... ... ... ... 25
Visibility of wire obstacles from the air ... .. ... ... 51
W.
Walls, defence of ... ... . ... ... ... ... 73
,, demolition of ... ... ... ...... ... ... 39
in the defence ... ... ... .. ... ... 39
Wardens, track, use of ... ... ... .. ... 163, 164
Water, storage of in-Blockhouses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 73
Defence posts ... ... ... ... .. ... 86
Defended localities ... ... ... ... ... 87
Water supply-Allowances, daily ... ... ... ... .. ... 146
Animals, arrangements for ... ... ... ... ... 148
Control of, sentries and patrols for ... ... ... ... 148Direction boards, supply of ... ... ... ... ... 149
Distance of from camp ... ... ... ... ... 144
Men, arrangements for ... ..... ... ... ... 148
Purifying water, methods ... ... ... ... 147
Quality of, testing ... .. ... ... ... ... 147
Raising water, means of ... ... ... ... ... 148
Shell-hole water, not to be used for drinking ... ... 146Sources of, marking by flags ... ... ... ... ... 148
,, usually available ... ... ... ... ... 146
Stores, particulars of ... ... ... ... ... ... 218
Surface water, drainage for ... ... .... .. ... 149
Washing arrangements ... .. ... ... ... ... 149
259
Water supply-contd. PAGE.
Watering points, to be drained ... ... ... ... 149
Yield from a well, ascertaining ... . ... ... 147
,, rough average, of a stream ... ... .. ... 147
Wedges, wooden, use of ... ... ... ... ... .. 115
Weights and measures, tables of ... ... ... ... 25 et seq.
Wheel-guides or ribands, use of ... ... ... ... ... 131
Wheel-bed, for gun platforms ... ... ... ... 80
Whip tackle, description of ... ... ... ... ... 121
Whipping a rope ... ... ... ... 115
Wire-Barbed, in hedges ... .. ... ... ... 39
Cutters, issue of limited ... ... ... ... ... 51
Entanglements, barbed ... ... ... 49
,, concertina wire ... ... .. ... 50
,, double apron fence ... ... ... ... 50
,, spider wire ... ... ... ... ... 51
standard French ... ... ... ... 49
Fixing, on screw pickets ... ... ... ... ... 52
Gaps, concealment of ... ... ... ... 49
,, in, provision of .. ... ... ... ... ... 48, 49
marking of ... ... ... ... ... 49
Iron, particulars of ... ... ... ... ... ... 217
Lashings for fastening bridge ork ... ... ... ... 132
use of ... ... ... .. .. ... 115
Man loads ... ... ... ... ... ... 56
Netting and canvas in revetments ... ... ... ... 71
use of . .. ... ... ... 71, 163
Obstacles, effect of mirage on ... ... ... ... ... 51
,, drill for making .. ... ... ... 53 et seq.
,, sunken, against tank attacks ... ... ... 75
types of ... ... ... ... 49
Passage of ... . ... ... ... ... ... 58
Rope, table of lengths and weights ... ... ... ... 217
,, strength of ... ... ... ... 1.. ... 119
Steel, No. 14 gauge, strength of ... ... ... 115
,, strength of ... ... ... ... ... ... 217
Table of lengths and weights ... .. ... ... ... 217
Visibility of from the air ... ... ... .51 1Wireless chamber, artillery, siting of ... ... ... ... 77
W iring of saps ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 64
,, rapid, preparation for ... ... ... ... ... 51
Woods-Communications, provision of ... ... ... ... 88
Defensive system, design of, important points ... ... 88
,, ,, inclusion of ... .... ... ... 87
Gas, a harbour for ... ... ... .. ... ... 87
Machine gun positions, siting of in ... ... ... ... 88
Woods-contd.Ride, use of in .. ...
Rides, cutting of wide ... ...
Trenches, in, effect of gas ...
siting of in ... ...
Use of, in defence ... ...
Wooden wedges, use of ... ...Work, concealment during progress
Working parties-
Arms, disposal of in rear areas
Arrival of, detail for timing the
Daily, supply of, without demand
Darkness conduct of in ...
Demand for, with previous reconnaissance
Demand for, without previous reconnaissance
Derricks, erecting and lifting weights... ...
Dug-outs, details for ... ... ...
Distribution of, methods ... .. ...
Formations, complete, to be detailed for ...
Gas helmets, carrying of ... ...
Guides, fictitious names for ... ... ...
S provision of, for ... ... ...
Loads, distribution for carrying by ... ...
Officer in command of, responsibilities ...
ordering, duty of ......
Orders for ... ... ... .. ...
Organization of ... ... ... ... ...
Protection, precautions necessary ... ...
Relief of, arrangements for ... ... ...
Smoke screen for cover ... ... ...
Task and time work for ... .
Tasks for, limits of, to be marked ... ...
Tools, demands for ... ... ... .
Tramway tracks, distributions and work ...
Z.
Zarebas, description of ... ... ... ...
Zone, obstacle... ... ... ... ... ...
,, outpost, organization and siting of ... ...
Printed under the Authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office byHARRISON & SONS, LTD., 44-47, St. Martin's Lane, W.C. 2.
PAGE.
... 40
... 88
... 25
88
40, 287
... ... ... ... 115
... ... ... ... 43
... 109
... 106
... 108
... 109
... 107
... 110
... 123
... 160
105, 108
... 106
... 109
... 108
105, 106... 106
104, 106, 111
... 106
... 108
105 et seq.109
... 110
... 25
... r09... 105
... 107
173, 174
... 89
... 48
... 84
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USE OF SHOVEL.
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LIGHT COLLAPSIBLE GABION
FIG. E.
PLAN (closed).
OF CANVAS.
FIG. 3. Waterproo' Canevs.
' /;m6
..
-- ... :Io--. E)
PLAN.
/. The fastener prevents the raw edgesof the. X.RM. bulging outwards.
2. The endA is insertedjust far enoughto pass through the overlappd sheetsand the fastener /s then pressed'Vrtically downwards 6y tapping it withShsmmer . This causes the hook end"" to engage also through the overlappedSheets. The hook is driven down asfar as it wi/lgo. It is impossible towithdrew without too/s.
N.B. Wooden fremework is notessentia. VERT
FIG.4.
CPANDED METAL GABION.
582 3I9-38WOO322MlySn.Lh
- I
582. 31897 1328.10,000.3.22 Malby& Sons. Lith,
SHORT REVETTING FRAME.
I3nails Z"Iong
3xl~ 3ICoverStr'pfJI.Hoop Iron
3 IN 3c"Chockz xI "6overStrvo
SECTION
~S/at removed to showinterlocking of runnersof successive trench boards
Ma by &Sons Lith.
Fig.1.
ELEVATION
'Fy.2. TRENCH BOARD.
S'. 4"9
2:3"-----
,Plate 10.
FIELD GEOMETRY.
Fig. . i i or' y - C
r pe a9 for' ri~rnP.
C.A X 4Units. C
'i9.
A X C B
/ _-_ _ __ _ _ _
9.4.! D
a X
C G B
Malby & Sons,Lith.
Pki,,e ..
Fiy.4. ANr6lvl
~"Level folded qp.can be used as a foo ru/e.
582 ~S8~~i. aliur &Sans.Linn
Plate .12.
I MP R OV IS ED LE VE L
Fig. I.
-- Approx. .5ydos. centse to centre when, stretchedT
Water level-
F i9,2.
Par.apet of 7rench.
jEds 5ys 5ydd-6d--5ys5d.
H G IFE D 1~
S ID E EL EV AT I ON.
582.3j897Q'726. IO.o0o.3. 22 Malby &Sons, Lith.
Pla
te 1
3.
fj
I- -
--- -
-- -
ti.
\- \
~-20 /
Ile
/ .
.Ph.te 14 .
*POSITION
_'1 -60-*-
K I' I
SCALE
~i.j2. 3J897 ~J3z8. JOOOO.3.22 MaIby&Son~ Lith.
7-
I -
FROM CR
r
6s 2.3/897 .2 /32'8. IOGGO, 3; 22 Malby &Sons.Lith.
]'le~e 15.
/ /,
(POSITION ON; REVERS' SI/OPE.
L QAL)BSEVAILt EJ US7~VRR\ ,.16: /
\ j
/y.
lI000
Pla
te 16.
P'LAe 7.
MINI1MUM DIMENSIONS OFM,. G. EMPLACEMENTS.
124 4 , e
,I
582.3Ie397~I3?.9.IO.OOO.3. 2? M&Iby& Sons .Lith.
................- ---
4
582.3I897 l /323./OO?0.3.22 M aiby"& Sorts "Lith.
]~ate ]8.
SHELL- HOLE M.G. EMPLACEMENr.
Fi. I
-' , ---"A
1 4
Fig..3 - _ _ _ _
qiu -
\~ \
Fig. 4
58~.3/B97'~I32~,O 000 '3. ?2 MaI~' & 50n5. Lith582.31897: 1328.ia OC0. 3.22 Malby & Sons.1ith
Plarte 19.
CONCEALMENT OF M.G. EMPLACEMENT.
FIG. _.
SDump
- Occupiedsi S' i0/
FIG.3. Topof Roof
Emplacement with Splinter-proof Roof
fMaterial on top of Roof not shown.)
MaIby&Sons Lith.582,3/897. t1iU.iuuuv.< .,
Plate ,W. ______________
M .G .EMPLACEMENT DETAILS,.
I j " XN i i
PLAN C.D.
Gun Ri
x Openin/gi nfoor
6r6N
4~~
r-.-ece5 4on
SECTION G.H.
( I ,' 7 2 * - '
PLAN A.S
532.31897t"/32.10 17O.3. 22
9R8u
Beve,%d Cleat
40--
X4
3x 2'
NaL0 '
DETAILS OF T-BASE' FOR AN OPENGUN PLATFORM.
k--------------------46" ----------- --
O
o 00
I o o-
r c
* 00
f.
O Ou
MACHINE
Position of Chocks tobe determined inconjunction withM. G. OfP/cer
GUN PLATFORM
PLAN
SKETCHShowing Gun being Fired from reverse position.,
£82~~~- 319 -/Z.-WUa 4- a -y&Sns t
Plate 21
SECTION
s82. 3189713r9.1qWo.a.. .c Malby &.Sons. Lith
.Pla
te 22.
STH
E
MO
IR>
LL
- BO
X, SH
OW
ING
MAIN. DETAILS
OC
ON
STR
UC
TO
N, D
IME
NSIO
NS
AND W
EIGH
TS.c
b
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! 6 - ~ "-- . .
--{_
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41 C
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u m
oo
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° ro
D
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Cm
tj
4 ya
* N
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-If
01
PLaJe 23.
ACTUAL EXAMPLE SHOWING PROTECTIVE AND TACTICAL WIRE.
ki
}# Y
{ +t
} Yk#
k h'h
xXX
xfi
;nnnnnnX
%XxxXX
;cxYX
:rxx
xXXXL
*x~x
582.31897%rS26,~.~o. 22 MabjSnsLi582..3/8 97 ."lSZ03/./qcO. 3.22 Maby&.Sons.Lith.
f
z
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1'Za"e
24.
P~
cte 25.
\, c
V I__
0
zLL .Ii
1z
o+
M
/ /.
to
-.
c
Plate 26.
BLOCKING OF ROADS.TWO BELTS OF WIRE CROSSING A ROAD DIAGONALLY.
Position ofknife rest.
ROAD OPEN PREPARED FOR BLOCKING.
Wire Fence _ -Knife rest wiredto stoutpicket.
OBSTACLE. ZONE
ROAD CLOSED.,
OBSTACLE.
Wire Fence --
-Loose w/re between knife rests.ZONE.
' After knife rests are- -- -- wired together bntervening
- Wire Fence spaces may be filed with------ /loose wire.
58.38aZ'2aooo. .2 Miby Sn6 Lth
-- -- --- -------
58s.31897../328.l;OOo. 3.22 Malby& Sons.Lith.
Pla
te 2 7.
wzU.'
zzz0)0LL0.z0
~zI
"-I
.0C
:4
Pla
te 28:
f-
z A
O
a
-.E
--- o
Q
t
oL
T
Li
H.
ziW
bi
ILLl
I ''
Nt10
Pla
te 29._C
-- -----
------ -
--- ----------
Pia&
e 30
z
J-
'Ii
0 i
ze~
nq
.C
f1i
t
Pla
te 31
--
Plate32.
METHOD OF FIXING WIRE TO PICKETS.
FIG.!i.
/Punning - Ru,,rnn
End.nd
Running End.
S/ketch of lop eye show- 214 Operation showe~y Showing wire in t/lg eyerng wi/'e forced up into it nrnning end pass/ig on end e turn taeken b~e/ow
over the oit of the eye. the eye.
FIG.?2.
- Running End.
Sketch showing a wire force iq into Showing bit -fin.ished offae lower eye of pikakt and the brb ht on the running end.takren round the pickrot above the eye.
F1G.3.
S/re e showrirrr commencernent~ of Windkess.
582.3!897°'/328. /.000.3.27 Matby&:Srn .Litli
_____ PlJate 33.
BARRED WIRE CONCERTINAS.
timbe ber
lHalf planof framework for
making
e lrolri'
lIf planof framework for
Concertna
24 turns
Concertina stretched out
~J. Ij-""JJ- - IElevation ef Fr-amework
Concert na made uip fithe standard way.
Sketch showino one man Sketch show/ig two evntzany/nn Concere ina on sho/ilder carrying. Concert ina.
Ml4,y&S~n/.Lsaa.aras7, M-14000. a.XNP
liJt- 34
KN IFE RESTS.
.LARGE KrNIF REST MADE OF WOOD
l to I.r-
KNIFE REST MADE OF IRON PICKETS.
.. ~arpic~ket.
-- angl/a ironpost'.
or 8bu. 6'6 by using two 5'-J' osts.
Maf ,y ?sSons.uth
ICADES.KLc.
Enemy
imed throrIgA we//s.
- Ene'ny
FIG.3.
removed whenin position.
MaJy&
FIG.2.
Pla
te
36.
.c'
1. I
b
0 ~~
_ ~U
(~__ __
__I__Y C
__C
~
Pia
Lee 37
4--
/3
-i
\ U
1
1
.4
Ilate~ 3
zLa.
0I--
of
I-<1
582.3Ia57~I926 U
~OO
O.3.22
MaIby.~S
ons.Lith.M a.lby.lb
Sons.Lith.
582.3
1897'/3
28
. ),0
00.3
.22
Plate 40. _
ALTERNATIVE TRACE OF TRENCHES.
FIG.I.DOG LEGS .
\"\ \V, '^,
.^ ,ENEMY
ATTAC K -
1,2 .3
s58. 3/s7 1328.0, oo00.3.22
4
*I1
Malby Sons. Lith._------- --- ------ C --CIIC- --
______ ______ ___- Y ate 4].
NORMAL SEOTION OF FIR TRENCH.
Exterior Slope.
A zPr t Elbow Rest. Berm.
. 8010e .. Rear loape.
VIJC teno. '
FiG.2.
FIG. 3.
ORDER OF WORK.
Extra Excavation .:
for Revetment ands --- -
FINAL SECTION OF TRENCH.
- 3'Round.
SfIZ.3i897°'l3.S t.O0.3flMi? Sa3Zih
FIG.I.
Malby &SonaLith.
J Zoe 42.
TRACE & SECTION OF COMMUNICATION TRENCH.FIG.I.
TRACE
Corners rounded
"-',"< ^-.'c'. -
Yards
' '- . "5 Fee -" ' -
r /<o7t5 /to/ -SYards Yards
The 6ends in the trench must conform to the ground soas to get the bestadvantage in cover, but rough/y the distence between bendsshou/dnotbe more than /5yaro's up to support trenches,andnotrndre than /Oyards between support andfire trenches.
FIG.2.REVETTED SECTION
!- - ------ -6:6 ~ ------- -6 / >
Screw Picrket
C.I. Sheet
' -M ̂ ' Centrae Drain
Note In shifting & wet soils revetting frames as in
Plate 41. Fig. 3. should be used.
FIG.3.UNREVETTED SECTION
to Fib M, MT" sn 2-6r77?
/ /1/~>- l'6k-------- 6------ //6 /
STrench board.
-6.6 '.. Trest/e
-A~S 8S~'J3Z8.#.QOO.3. 22 Aaib &-- Sos. 11hMalby & Sons. Lith.,e8.3r1ias 7 '328.10,003. 2
Pla
te 4
3.
K
7
-1 k
ddfl'd '
0
/
C
) I
jT
C)
Ix 1
z m
.> t
144 -c
oo L
0 .1
C)\k
ol N
0'0
Plate 44.
DEFENCE OFBY"D" HEADS
N T
COMMUNICATION TRENCH
"T" HEADS AND RECESSES.Ii'S,<; Uly^u
c--
4-r* . .-
S.tP PORT LINE
$8.19738 /0..22 Mai---y&Sons.L -- th.M aiby &Sons.Lith.S82.31897.18.000.. . 83.72
rl te
45.
.9
9~
Mali: &
. Son
s Lith.
"Ptar te 46.
SHELL SLITS.TO GIVE QUICK IMPROVISED SHELTER.
U NSTR UTT V.
2-0-
STRUTTED.
Camouf/c eeA.Pr
PLAN OF STRUTTED TRENCH.
f __ - ~--_Steps or ladder
ac~adrn tonature of soi.ma.leng9th /5 yds.
582.3 r857 9j3Z&I5.q/Oo. 3. 2?i.
Plate 4 7.
S AP P ING.FIG-..
RUSSIAN SAP.
FIG.3.
Iro,? pipe e~r bair
E ELEVATION.
Screw Picket-,JroI.ppe cr Fr
~Screw Picket
b'ryme at3 to 4'i,,te, va/s
Upright
SIDE ELEVATION1562.3/897';328 IO~OOO.z3. ~2
~.1'
FIG. 2.
£/Sheeting
s8x:a1897 °'1328. M000-3. P2
1txt 8.
TYPE OF SUMP.
SECTION4.
PLAN Sumnp consists of a cjfcui/e/-orPLAN sqgare hole reve tedf'ecessary
I D~7rain_(-6" Sum
Note:-Sumnp shou/dnever be p't in whlere drainage out to lowerground carn be arranged.
BRN rai' fore~d ofcorrugated iron,sheets OY.
Or boxed-'hned with twood'en box(61.
Drains of the T s( f' 4,can be usedwhen a trench is sif ed on s/op/nq groun7dsufficient to ensure the flow ofwater as~eow~
BoxOrain slope /in /2
as2.~as i~ .ecwo~~a2Ma bv& Sons, Lth
Plate 4
3.
z<I
IL0C)IL.
Ii0
I J
t 10
I Z
p
.
+3/
FI G.2
- -6
co ±3'
-= +3'
PLAN.
r~ 1G:. 3 .
's82.3IO97?/,2g_ !00.. 22
PfZate 60.
Plate 51.
LOOPHOLES.
Exterior slope.
Vertical reetment. neio s
-- -2 3 -- ."3-
PLAN AT LEVEL 4 FEET SHOWINGFIRST LAYER OF SANDBAGS FORMING LOOPHOLE
FIG. I.
- 979iA.IWOO.3 22 alby SonsL-th.897'
}/318./cl00o.3.22 Malby &Sons.Lith.
Plcte 52.
LOOPHOLE PLATE.k-----.24----------$
Loophole.3% X2/e'pro vided *wth cover
LOOPHOLE BOX.Wire gauze over orifice
Padding
$/idigP/ate6 , ,4
MOCK SANDBAG CEMENT LOOPHOLE.FOR OBSERVATION*
Cauze taclred overand sandb~ag tobe cut out overhofe /
I, - -', I
' _
/, !~
!' " Q
,'Expanded 'ea/roundLoopok4
Sandag cut overhole and left '
N a f'ep to rarse. orobservi.g 4 \.
15P197I2 1000 M.2 lb Sn.U~
M al by &Sons. Lith.58P.31897 °1328.10,000.3.22
Plate 53.
SN IPER'S POST.
VIEW FROM 'FRONT.When front paurapet is covered with tins of all kinds, the tin used
to as guise the loophole Is very difficult to identify even at p'O yds. range.
OBLIQUE LOOPHOLE.
1r°>Fire lying oru,, standing.
TRAVERSE
Plenty of Dimmy Loopholes should be provided.
562.31837" '3 26 16~GqO..~72 MaIby&SOflS.LIth.582.318970'1328.,0,0OO. ?. 22 Malbv &SoaS. Lith.
SPLINTER AND BULLET-PROOFOBSERVATION POST.
Sandbas fdilldwith bra ,, stone.
Gauze netting,
Cea Pit pops ,
X.PM. -
I PZ3%2Sreade.
c;4 84f.
-5.4
.PM.
PLAN.
X.RM 1 LiALTERNATIVE HEAD PIECE.
582.3,897.f/323_. 1000.3. 2L ab&osihFIG. 23
£'NEA1l
Malby.Sonslith.
93
Anqie Irons
SECTION B.B.
PLAIN AT A.A
Tr en cf.Mined entranlce.
Direction of
4*2 postsin corner
SECTION OF HODShewin9 Observotlob Slit
Lzi_"ry
Ma ib1&$oS.LI582 SI897 ?1.2./qeoo 3..
flute
56.
U.
ICI'
(1) t
\ u
a a
.
Malb
y&
Sons.t.rtfl
582.3
1897'
/328./0
,000.
3.2
2
1NaZctte 57.
ANCHORAGES .
FIG. IBREAST WORK.
Drive untilf/ush with
FIG. 2
FIRE TRENCH.
58?.31837~J328 10,000.3.22 Mali~,&Sone.Uth.
587.3,837 .° ,328.10 000.3.22 MaJ ,d Sons. ith.
Pto.~te 58.
SANDBAG REVETMENT.
ELEVATION SECTION
CorrectEnglish Bond Foundestions shou/d be cut at
right angles co slope a nda/wvay"sbrought to a so/id bottom.
Parapet
Wrong (Joints not Brok en)
Wrong(Seems and ChokedEnd, aP~ags outward).
.Wrong(Vertical)-
Wrong(8ags noct oiightAnQ'/esto S/opt).
*ro',g'(A//Stretchers and no H'eaders).
Correct~gection
58Z.31897!'1329.10,000.3.22 Maiby & Son3.litfi.
Ploxte 59.
zLU
J
Id00-0C
0e
Puats 60.
ADAPTATION OF CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS.EMBAN KMENT.
3-,
SECT I ON.
PLAN.
582.3/897. 1328.10.000.3.22 Me.1t'&sons.t'th.
_____ ____ __ Pc te 61.;
CORRUGATED IRON BLOCK H-OUSE.
PERSPECTIVEVIEW. ..
FIG. Z. SECTION.
ing/ee
ophole
fa~' ubewl2.wdeatton
F1G.3. PLAN.
Fire 7
Malby&Sans.lith.
FIG.I1.
a.ian4o.4.22
Pla
te 62.N
'K
>
FIG.!
F/I.2
~82. 3~897~/.32G./qooo.~, 22 Matby&SonsLith.
Pla t4e, 63.
Malby& Sons, Lith.582.3 /S 97 ?78 2 D. /4INJ0.3.2 2
Plate 64.
IMPROVEMENTS TO SHELL-HOLES.
FIG. 7 / '\\
/ / ^ T M )'Wench hoapd overS/ /um- eunp, supported
at each end.
FIG. 2.
SECTION. PLAN.
NO EXCAVATED EARTH TO SHOWABOVE GROUND LEVEL.
FRONT FACE CUT AWAYTO FORM FIRE STEP.
* P/ace~ Trench. '^M Earh.nBoard or sadbs
tosado.SECTION. PLAN.
582.3/6897'I32$O 0 00 2.22Mlb SosLi
F G.-3.
FIG.4.
Malby &Soos.Lith.
___ PLo to 65.
TWO SHELL-HOLES WITH CAMOUFLAGEDCONNECTION.
Fj9dI
PLAN
Rfq_. SHELL-HOLE POSITION
lo
&82 . ;7; M alby & Sns, Lith
PLa±e 66.
IMPROVEMENTS TO SHELL-HOLES.
FIG. :/-777//
SLip of she/l-hole notSto be disturbed
SECTION.Weathen-proof coverfb Lewis gun and crewGun Fires from topnf shelter.
PLAN.
FIG.2.
Showing, she/ter let into side ofshell-hole ' oof of curved sheets of C I.
Maiby &Sons. Lith.
All excavated earth60 be dumped inneihbouning holes.
77/4
58e
R-t'te s7.
DEFE.NCE OF CRATERS.
NEAR LIP DEFENDED.
fne Trench
-Sfie/tei'
PLAN.
^onmunicaton
Soecie/ Oeep Ree.'iny /n'ame Oberto 7unne,/
SECTION A .B8.
Malby&Sons Lith.
1 >'e Trench
Pla
te 6
8.
Malby
Mols
, Litfl.
LULL
.ai
cs;
Li }-0
uiWU
W
';32.3
1897°/5
2.8
to
000.3
..2
______PLate fg~.
SPECIAL DEEP REV ETTI NG FRAMES.ELEVATION
I I
m,.
N
~0
CO
2.01--
444 4 ,4 Ho/es f1b-,4 o3
I "°
- -- - Length 7- -
DETAILS OF HOOP IRON.
SECTION.
0Q
10
Cr)
CoverStrq. C
/ Na/8j thr"Cshoe.
DETAILS
SHOE.
Kove- Strip
SCovet-
NStrip 3xINa/l tiO'Shoe on/y
ShoePounded to/ reo'Rw
Fpr shoes.
GAS -PROF CURTAINS.
Cur t.in Rolled.
S8Z Ma%~&3ons Lith
Late- '70
Frame.
La~ths.
ss2Maltry &,ons. Lith.
Plaice 71
GAS-PROOF CURTAINS.
FrameV
DETAILS OF
FrameCurtain -
Lathsnailed
Frame
Rear lathI/O"shorterthan Frontto clear Frome.
FIG. I.LATHS KEEPING CURTAIN
STRETCHED.
Hole through whichwires pass must bemade Gas-tight.
a8- - 6
S/ "b"wider than "a"to allow Telephonewires to pass without interferencewith side oFcurtain.
FIG.2.
PERSPECTIVE OF FRAME WHEN TELEPHONE
WIRES PASS ALONG. GALLERY.
582 M abvy Sons .rth
Curtain
. .Y-- -
Laths to keepcurtain strertceG
t-
LJ
0.p
oA U
h
0
{/ i'
I--aZ
0))
Li a.
Q a
7 I
ta
~
Mla!by &
Suras Lath
PLaie 73
B.C. POST.
- M Speaking TubesMap
Table
S e /BSpe n Tubese
Bed I Tgable
S- - 3 6' .. ... -n
Tab/e
S9 SECT I ON.<--- ..-- 9.6 ----- ...
PLAN.FIG..
Map TelephoTable le-hon -o H
o Tubes
Table 9 Telephone
1 i
-.--- "- , SECTION.
PLAN.FIG.2.
TELEPHONE DUG-OUT.
--K -- - - - -Bunk nk
BunkBun
I0 D -II a Bunk
Telephones -
- N- - --- SECTION.
PLyAN. FIG.3.&
82 "- .- ..- Malby &Sons.Lith
1PLate 74
Bo/ts - ! I 313
13%ong.
i 'cn
{
A fe'Jnon i%2 itQ ckeis.
V0 /o8,0
1 -
Yw I ILL
PLAN AT C.D.
582 MaIby& Sons. ith
IS-POUNDER AMMUNITION SHELTER.(FOR DRY GROUND.)
ioofib7g Fel Corr: Iran.
Dogs 9"C 9 -jx
2 "Speae.GrouInd level ___ [AnI lep ° *Ground Level
%8o/ts. iOIi/ng
-- t
B.irs
:
SETIN .B
A i
.ZTB
PLate 75
18-POUNDER AMMUNITION SHELTER.(FOR WET GROUND)
FRONT ELEVATION.
S82 Maby &Sons. Litc
TLcte 76
SPLINTER-PROOF -SHELTER FORAMMUNITIONI'.
FRONT ELEVATIOi1 SECTION
X3 x 2 Spla ved-J oarr. Iron
/ ' anci sAikd dto 'f 'Sheet.4"2S/I head to form/
X. PM 4A2 XPA Hea- -
¢ StrudtsA4AA/ 8 .5 #Pit prop-
N ------- /0,-4 °Pirt prop * r2 Si//s
PLAIN DETAIL C StSLh
Shelves for ammunition etc:must not be supported on the framework of the shelter.
FIG. I.
A--
EMPLACEMENTS.These Dimensions are suggested as a genera/ guide .tothe size of Emplacements. The details in any particularcase will vary with the ground and other factors.. TheDimensions given are governed by the angle of switch assumed.
-B -
PLANAllows 80'switch.
FIG.Z.
-s'o"
SECTION AB
18 P_R
60 p _R MK. II.
FIG. 3. \," ,I I
S l -- .. ./
-e- I o-
. .- j_ /S/ , /
PLANAllows 80switch
Position ofmuzzle
FIG. 4. o-w --- - - - o
ReECTIN A.B.ECTION A.B.
FIG. 5.
PLAN (Allws 70"switch)
FIG. G.
-5 --5d-f 1 e~ ______,.^
2 -
Ruble--*- - ------i Fascines
SECTION A.B.
6"ItW.(26 CWTs).
SECTION AB
60 P °o -MK.I.
--- B
FIG.S.
PLANAllows 70"'switch
I n.,Y a
FIG. 10.
SECTION AB
4-5" HOW.
Plate 77.
Malby &Sons. Lith"
7~"~-;"~
PROTECTION
Plate 78
ELEVATION
TO ENTRANCE -
-
PIT PROP
SANDBAG SCREEN
Gun Pit .
E n----- '." - --- 'Entrance I
PLAN 4<
. \:r- - /- -- 0- ---------
Fi . 3.
SCREEN
SECT IN
Malby &Sons.Lith
PlaL&e 79
TRAIL-SUPPORT SHEWING FIXED
SUPPORT AT "A" AND CUSHION AT "B".
0 00
0 0
' .' °°^ -- - o . r °'" I - °op
Bolster of brush woodwrapped with expandedmetal or wire nettingand lashed to spade.
Cushion oFSandbags .
ALTERNATIVE DESIGN WITHOUT BOLSTER.
Pit-props oF about 6 dia. driveno 4f. into ground at intervals
a a- ' of I foot. Heads of Front rowSo
0 ' connected by wire lashings.*- -* 0 O n / -- \ /' v ^- ~^.*.
road ma
582 Malby &Sons.Lit.
Pate. 80
PLATFORM FOR 18-POUNDER.
Corn sack filled with girth plcedoer T__ rail to keep it
ste
Trail Eye cldearCorrect positionf I f Baulk.of Sandbags.
SR'ubble. u/k formnmArc.
S'Wrong position 'endbag wired intoSmallJawofWheel Base of Sandbag Spade to form a cushion.
DETAIL OF TRAIL SUPPORT(ALTERNATIVE)
SECTION.
Timber Baulks
PLAN.
Malbv&Sons. Lith
FIG.2.
F/at sandbags wellbeaten and filled toTrace of Trail Arc.
FIG.3.
.Plate 81
PLATFORM. FOR 4.5 HOWITZER.
t t
L CentrP of Wheel a, 1 1
foret Rubble. Rubble Rubbl©. = aTimaber- o - Trb,/. r- T--S -. "
'. I o
'fCentre of Wheel. a
PLAN.
Rubble. PlieS ,,.., Cnreb
S4/'fres± Earth.
Tmber.3"diea Picks!
SECTION.
-582Malby&Sonis Uth
Platce, 82
WOODEN, WHEEL-BED AND WHEEL-GUIDES,FOR 60 PR B.L. GUN M IV/L CARRIAGE.
A---
ClI 1 i - 7 1I3 I
Q' WheO/-6Wdes Be _ oI a
.- - /2' 0----------
Sleeper I0xz4" Earth and Stones(well rammed.)
SECTION THROUGHA.B.
!o
r-f I | ~ /
riJ .j /
SECTION THROUGH
i*--- - /I-----
iron 4-acej _
j- .-- j T7^"- ^ .
/ /9X
< '//
'V
I:
ENLARGED PLAN AND SEC1IONOF WHEEL GUIDES.
Malby &4on .Lith
')
88s - 11084 PP.3115/387.
Piae 83
PLATFORM FOR 6 'HOWITZER.
-r -
~.1
PLAN.
--------------------------- /19- ---------
- - ----- ~L)-------- -~
<---2 ___-3
CROSS SECTIONA.B.
Malby 3eSans.Lith0921 11084 F'F3!'5/387
DOUBLE DECKED PLATFORMFOR 8" HOWITZER.
I I l •
* ; , i ,-'- ------- - -----
I 0
. ..; . . . _I. , ; ...IN--- -,4O-..
PLAN
., 9"' ,, 4
SECTION
Enemny.
GUIDE ARC
'Maib y&5ons Lith39.1
Plte&
ORGANIZATION OF ADEFENSIVE SYSTEM(DIAGRAMMIATICONLY).
Completed fire TrenchCofnruncation Trench -
I
I kI ,
I-Y-
(0 O
qa
I 0
Defended Locality
Front Trench
SSupport Trench
Outpost line ofresi/stance
Front TrernchSupport Line
Reserve Trench
8321.11084 PP3115/35'7 1~a~by&3on~.Li~i892/. //084- PP.3//S 387.
iaby&3ori . Lith.
-Plate 6
6.
x'C
k
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( 'l
.
$ 7.
44.
'-
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4
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xxx
xxxx%t
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XxXX
N
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Plate 89.
DEFENCE OF VILLAG
VILLAGE DEFENCES .rur.n.OTHER DO: JrUL
Maijbv &Sons.Lith.892l.ii084 PF31 5 387
___
~ ~
~
~
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_______
PL
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7
(I).uUzZL
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' 91.
LUILI
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8821. M
aIby&
Sons Lith
88
2/.
Ma
lbyi
Sons
Lith
Pte
32.
y t
N
I(
DEFENSIBLE POST.
SECTION 'ON A.B.
Bul/t pro wa//s
Malk a Sons Lth8821.11084. F F.31J5/587
Plate 94.
USE OF NATURAL CAMOUFLAGE.
RA4L C. T.
'-C o!{
REAL Pa 44 "
Co4l
T4O
'04,y
(B 14783)Q
19~Late 95
TRACK DISCIPLINE.
SFig. i
x , x xl.Th xl
., . Frm House
SHOWING TRACKS LIKELY TO BE MADE LEADINGTO A H.Qs. AND METHOD OF PLACING WIRE TOCONFINE TRAFFIC TO APPROVED ROUTES.
Fi . 2.
H.Q. fI
Cable Track
or pied .. -' '-'-: .-here. Ruied
Ferm House
TRACKS AS THEY APPEAR ON AIR PHOTOGRAPHS.
Mal by&Sons.Lith.892. I :o" 1 /.7
?!,c
tw
.96
iiip
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.-
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.4
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-.
1
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^ f
.: 1d
95Yr'
~MId
by &S
onE. Lith.
PORTABLE BEEHIVE O.P. UNARMOURED.Weight about 10/ bs.
Showing . brick Camouflage. Any surroundings can be sin
2/.11B"PP
315/"B7 PORTABLE BEEHIVE O.P. IN USE.
Mai n o Sons.L-*
FIG. 1 CONCEALMENT OF EMBRASURES
Splinter and bullet-proof M. G. emplacement in open field. Covered approach connectsit to heavily strutted cellar. Position of loophole indicated by dotted line.
Fia. 2.
M.G. emplacement guarding main approach. Loophole of painted canvas x.........xEmplacement connected to strengthened cellar.
(B 14783)Q
Plate 99.
CONCEALMENT OF EMBRASURES.
Splinter-proof M.G. emplacement inside a house. Concrete front, rail and sandbag roof.
Loophole x........x is covered with wire gauze painted to look like the bottom 6" of the
shutter. Emplacement is made strong enough to support the debris of the house when
it collapses under shell fire, and is connected to a cellar with strengthened roof.
Plate 100.
WIRE NETTING AND CANVAS SCREEN.
Fig./ 9'bPoststimber
',Ground Level
M
±1/0 |
I Guy
Fg.2.
Postsof4 tii
ELEVATION
Guys coniposec of at lea:S.W.G. or equiva
-t 4 strands N°Pent
Lo itudinal wiresforso rainnettingif used, independentl3 widths.
ettiny also stenedto post by wi orstes *,
- I,^ --------
--.- / o-'. 0 ----- - /0.. -- --- _.. --- 0.0-
4 timerNetting secured toposts by wire orstaples.
Stronm pickets well d
PLAI .I
IMITATION BRICK WALL
Enemy
*ffjg.3. ___^^ ^ ^^ ^
SDummy Wall
'teal wall removed
Fg._4.
8 Malby&Sors.Lith.
Plate 101.
SCREENING ROADS.
F!G.1. PERPENDICULAR TO FRONT.
______ RAD
Screens should notbe less than 50 Ydbs.from the road.
FIG.2. PARALLEL TO FRONT.
E--Enemy--j-g
Screens^ ^
FIG. 3 OBLIQUE TO FRONT.
892/I 1109f4rP3115f3g7 625 0OO i2 2 M al liy &So r.s . Lith
PLat" 10..
TAPE TEMPLET.
J9 .
USE OF HAIRPINS FOR RAPID TRACING.
Taelaid loosely
'7ape pulled back~round 7Taverse.
geNI.IiU84FF9 t/53$7Milby& SonsLith
____ ___________________PlaXty. 1(03 .
FIG./1.Thumb
FIG. 4.'Single Sheetr, Bend
Fic. 6.Hawser vend
Seizing
F, G. .9.
Hitch
8~ZI. 11084 PP3115/387 Malby&Sons. Lath
KNOTS.FIG. 3.Reef
FIG. Z.-Figure of 8
FI G. 7.
89L/.I1084 PF3115/98; Nalby &Sons, lith.
?tPaIte 104
KNOTS.
*Fig.J
2 H/efHitches
Round Turn & shra'2 //Hal //itches Bend
fig.6
Running9 Knot
Man Ha'rness Hit!ch
Figq. 7
Lever- Hitch
8921:1084 PP,3I5/387 My&os.iIMalby&Sons.Lith
Fig. I.
Cats Paw onCentre of Rope
KNOTS.
Fig. 2.
a' b
ill
DoulIe8/a cAk'wa /l Hit~ch
Single Blackw~ell Hitch
B92F~;D~4~f~7 M~iby&2ons bUt
P e 70.5
*X* I- Tension
Ni al by & Sons. L it h
Plate 106.
LASHINGS.
FIG. 1. FIG.2. FIG.3.
~It_ A An/AAA i. FIG. 5.
USE OF SELVAGEE.
892/.1D84 P P3II5/387 .y&Sn.i.Ma.! by dSons, Lith.
Plate 107
HOLDFASTS & .ANCHORAGES.
Fig. I.3.2.1. HOLDFAST.
Fig.2.-BAULK HOLDFAST.
Fig.3.LOG ANCHORAGE.
Fil/ed in and' rammed
e92,,B4-pyI~Malbv& Sons.Lith,P92.,11084PP31l,
*9k1.
ITO
4P
.3fl5
/387
M alby &
Son s. Ltth
Plate
108.
Plate 109.
USE OF SPARS.
Fig.4.LEADING BLOCK
FOR TACKLE.
eeer.Tioa453 Isfal j7
Fig I
SHEERLASHING.
Clove _
hitch.
---- Sheers.
S/mn.
Mal by &Sons. Lith.
plate. 110.
SWINGING DERRICK,
Fig .!.
Fig 2.
Fig .3.
Nl1aby&Sonm.'uth.
Pla
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INFANTRY FOOTBRIDGE.CASK FOOTBRIDGE.
- For 5'/ga//on~ casks
'2 PLAN
lash,',g 111
Il/'ssh~nq
When time presses ormater/els ar~e /ackig, planksone side only wi.,, suffice ror infantry in file.
ELEVATION 2"lashing round casks,qunwales & tie a/s
Pig 2
Ill lshinground chess
M al by & Sons .-Li t$921.11064. PP 31r S /S87
PZax1e LW.
ARTILLERY TRENCH BRIDGEF ly f. I'"Spacing ~ I & ~ oii
r -- -9 Bo/ tY4x3" 4x
SIDE. ELEVATION
Fiy. .
4 X,3SECTIONCRIB PIER
IN SHALLOW WATER.
CRIB CAUSEWAY FOR TANKS.
BUILT OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS.
Fig4. - W.aerJvel - -1.' -
LOGTNAL *ECTIO'N' GitrT-
_e 5 7<
CROSS SECTION lP.eckiny piece Bi otemnsvv
Lasa Blocks between sleepere IS5Iit
y
892. aliby&Sonbi Lith
Pcuel7.
FRAMED__TRESTLE.
h'andr.ai/---
Ria !-,. = I6
4BeC/f/r.,9,~ ~ ~ ~ -,- - --- _ __-
IFe, 6J edbe 1 iI -'1Trar.som I_ _ L
Difdt bo/t5 5,pikes
AIsant tliis minrnnvrn 6x6 exce pt braces '2Fot' hei~,ihts /2 'to /5 use 4 Ice's 6r 6 evenly 5s aced or 3 lgmilnimumrr T7 7
58Z.3I8~T Iaz~x~qoa.~.g~ M~~b1&Son~,Lth.sea.31899,
Mal by & Sons . Litt,.
P1Ad~e 116.
PLANK TRESTLE.Out off S'k 2" Timber
edge
Transom 3/6c'x
Loop iron
-eg
Sectional 1olan of'Ieg
Iron
Joint between Transomand Leg.
Transom
Ledger
BlockedSolid-
M J y&.SonsUth.582.31897.: L328. /O, OOO. 3.72
Ptatew1.9
LASHED SPAR TRESTLE.
------- Leg.---. ---------
Square lashing. Square lashing.- 6 rLedger 6"Diameter
----- I.0 /us of distance between transom' /edger
Height suff cient to clear obstruction.
Diameter of spers given are suitable for a /5 foot bay anda15 feet height of trestle.
FOR OTHER SPA/VS & HEIGHTS
TRANSOM: /O"diameter for /0 feet bay increase 4 inch. diameter
for every 2 feet increase in span of bay.
LEGS: Reduce 4 inch for every foot decrease in height with 6,/ch
minimum. With span of /0 feet legs can be k an inch lhghter thanwith /5 feet spans.
S8.l87, 261.0O.32 aly&.os.i
rrrrrr
r
,Crr
CIII
i-.-i
S82.3187t1328.O,000.3.22 Maiby &.Sons.Lith.
LAUNCHING TRESTLES.
FIG I,
SINGLE BARREL RAFT'
Maiby&Sans.Lith,
Placae120.
Piate 121.
BOAT PIER.
BARREL PiER.Fig.3. Gunnel
G OBO
Braces
METHOD OF LASHING BARRELS TO GU'NNELS.
Fi. 4
58. 97)36 ).OO . 2MabySo Ltse .3' 897 '328. 10.0003 . M1ii by & Sorni. it.h
Pla
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1ILc,-
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ai by &Sons. Lith.
FLY IN1Gi BRIDGE.
Stree m7.
55
POSITION FOR FORD.
A ~ ~ SEETIIONQ
582 ; 897. /328. O,0Q.3.2 Mly&osLt
Fi 91.
PLxte~ 123.
Fig. 2.
Mal by &Sons. Lith."
.P1 a~te .124k. ____
BRIDGI NG EXPED IENTS.7aPp~au/on /8x/'stu~ffed with .straw, &9
FiG.
aft of four' tarpoau/ins as Fi. .
FIG.2.
q-vrt ~ 4i9FIG 4.
Ra tof ,24 $7rour d bhee~ts as Fi r ,3.
IS~~~~~Z~ a1 by~32 xOO .3 5 L aby3n ith.asR2 31£a 7 .'";'at2 d.'a'AOOO 3.. "3.2:_..__ .. ".
____ ___ ____ ___ __ _ ___ ____ ___P tke l'25.
BIVOUAC SHEET BOAT.Note:-&raiinga6out5' / 9&8ttoii7$aen
form as 8 "but wi~deA// framnes to be /a./ed toqtr,rnotrni/ed .
4fCei pe/?t~rs 2J1'/ioar~s per raf t.
FJG.
FlAaml
FIG.2
-FRAME' '"
FIG.3.
Shelter
ELEVATION
FIG, 4,
FRAME B"
552.3/897 ~ P38/OQ322 M a, y &Sons, Lith
Pte
126.
Pbxte 127.
Pltatel 28.
SPLINTER-PROOF PROTECTION FOR
SECTIONAL ELEVATION.
B
PLAN.
SECTION A-B.
TENT.
Earth Wa/f at /ast2f0 thick., L '*
582.3/897.328.,/illO.3a. z- ;> , ',, Sons .Iith
PbLte 12k).
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Pla e 13 .
KETTLE TRENCH.
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
Corruyatedor biscuit, t ine
(Ped with mud
ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE VIEW.
"~~'5 ~
77/3Z8.iO.Qo 0 ~ MaI~y &Sons.iIth.582:3!897. /328.!0000.3.?-2
Malb) & Sons.iit.h.
C H A MB
SECTION THROUGH CHIMNEY
E R of V E N.
O2ven -
SIDiVEW
PER5.PECF4Vl ,VIEW-
FlAte
PZlte 134.
COOKER FOR CAMPS AND BILLETS.
+3.6
END ELEVATIONEND ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE VIEW. SECTION E.F.Ma.iby &Sor. Lith.
s, &.318$*las32& IOlQo.3. 22
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TYPES OF URINALS.
t3.6~
1-+2'.0
"J. L .dig.
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
II +2/0iS
SIDE VIEW SECTION TI4RO'SOAI( PIT.
NIGHT URINAL.
£8~.IB9?I38. OXWQ.3~2Malty &Sons. Lith.-582.31897:{1328,10.vno"3.12
2cr,2
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Plate
138.
a LUk
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PLaJe 144®.
TEMPORARY INCINERATOR.
Hiqh ground.
C ---Fire bars.
Bank.
Low' yround.,B
PLAN.Incinerator du<g out of side of ba5nk.R9efuse f"ed at top of inainerator from~ hijhyroundan~d drawn from passage cut out of bank side.
.SECTION C-D.
M/i9'h Sround. Corrugated iron.
Fire 7 ii'~A-~Bank.SECTION A-B.
58 2a.31897 . 3 28.10ooOo32jMalby&Suivs. Ut!
Ptce14l
SMALL CORRUGATED STEEL SHELTER.
SECTION
PERSPECTIVE/Vote.-Ho/tes for bok5 should be caiweft//ypuncbeo
to ensu're 6oth b5olts tekia7g a be ,r ng in60 0h sheets Witbout distorto?.
scr ewedfuI//etngth.
D ETA IL ATV D ETA IL AT' "
582.a,897~/32&,o.ooo. ~. 22 M&ihy &So~sLitJi.58P.31897: /328.10,000.3.22 Maily &Scis.lith.
SPLINTER-PROOF SHELTER,
SMALL
FIG.2. SECTION FRONT ELEVATION.
USING SHEETS OF CURVED C.I.
LARGE ORGATE._ ErPEL cte.3.
LARGE CORRUGATED STEEL SHELTER.
Rows fascines wiredtogether
^ a Fscine
9 Reinforced ConcreteBurster -- .
Concrete in lieu of wooden floor SECT ON.in damp sites.
S.---. --- -17.- 9 -------.
S ,2 Blocking PieceS/Boarding
, 6x4"Bearers.
DETAI L AT B,
Bolts /a i/" Screwed full length.
DETAIL OF LAP A'
Material required for each Shelter 17.9 Long.21 Sheets of large corrugated Shelter..(Each 2 9"wide:. 3nch lap)60 Bolts.,8 Bearers /O'x 6"x 4" 4 Pit Props./60 Sq.Ft. of Boarding for floor.Gas-proof double door frame complete.60 Fascines Approximately.Concrete materral. Gravel 44 tons. Send 22 tons. Cement 70Barrels 6reachShelterConcrete may be econom/sed by grouping two or three shelters together.Acc~mmodation double bunked 12 men in each she/ter.
- .i _~738I.O. 3 2M lb& o.ih
SELVATIO Niv ri
582.31897. 1328.I.0,00.3.?22 Maiby &Sons.Lith.
.Plate 144.._ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
SPLINTER-PROOF SHELTERS.
SECTION,
SKELETON SKETCH SHOWING CONSTRUCTION.
SKETCH SHOWING POSITION OF ENTRANCE ON SAFE SIDE.
Enemy ie
3men.
Cnemy fine.
MATERIAL. REQUIRED. baal "le"'ant Snerens.
3. Curtbed shets~ of small corrugated iron shelter'.2.Duckboeards fa , des.'4. Ouc/rbo.ads f'o, floor'.2.O/d coruayted aheete or boar'ding to fartm back.
Brick ,'uffle for tao coven'.Accommrodration - to 3 men.
A/v i-Level of' bobJoin of %e &re'h will r'e ulv, a level of boitto,n of she/6e,', , e.there will be e tr'adua down gr'ade Thomn bo/Jtom of shelters to 6oL~o'n offine trench for drainage
X82.31897 ?/323.14070.3.22 Ma(by & Sons:Gth.
Pic
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Plate. 14.
TIMBER CON4STRUCT1QOI.COMMON FAULTS.
FI;. I.Wrong
PIG.2.
Wrong
Right;
Righ t
FIG. 3.
Wrong Right
Speaer
FI G. 4-.
Wrong Right
.5preader
Rectangular
NMaiby&Sons, I i.X8'2.9/$97°/3Z3:/QO3Q 3:22
Plated.147.
TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONCOMMON FAULTS .
Fig. .
Wrong Wrong. Right.
Round Round 4 Round
Saw cut. Saw cut Saw cuts.
Fig.Z.
Wrong. Wron g.
C
S Dugout \I
I/f roof beam is constructed with a log B stretchedacross the centre oFa beam 4 , the stresses in "A'"redue to the load on its centre ie. concentrated anddouble what they would be /i log "Bwere omitted, endthe load d/stributed ovor the whole beam 'A
Wrong.Fi3. 3.
Wrong. Right
A>
02
52.3783721326 .10,000-3,22.2~2T MAlly or3. i t-(-L--i . -. - . IY- IIYI-- -III~LI--CICI ---
STRENGTH OF BEAMS.CALCULATION OF LOAD.
FIG. I.
Rails must be laid thus not
Steel joists must be laid thus ISTimber joists must be laid thus: . .^
notm
not
FIG. 2.
8;S7I J~Io J I
Beam "B" supports hal/ "X and ha/F"Y".
Beam "A" supports halF "X"nonly.
Therefore in a continuous rooF with a load evenly dis-
tributed, estimate the load on any beam by bakingthe cubic contents over hba/ the distance between that
beam and those on each side oF it, as at"Z".
As2.3 I97%( 32c./14i.!o.3. z2 Malby&Sons.trt h
B
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