manual section 1 mower history

8/3/2019 Manual Section 1 Mower History

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SECTION 1 MOWER HISTORY TW O CYCLE THEORY-DEVELOPMENT OF T H E A M E R I C A N P O W E R MOWERThe ollowing informationon thehis tory of the de-velopment of power mowingin America has been col-lected from the most reli-able sourceswe could find.1890 - This "One Horsepower"Henderson Mower Was Popular.Similar to First Patented Mowers.

The first mechanical mower of which we have any record was patented n England n 1830 by a Mr . Edwin Budding of Stroud, Glouceste rshire. This mower moved on a massive iron roller and featured a reel blade hatworkedagainst a parallelbedplate.TheBudding mower gave us the still-popular princ iplef the reel-cuttingblade. 1500 of these wereproducedbetween 1833 and 1859. Successors to this company are still n business, under he name oLawn Mower Works.The first power was added in 1842,when a M r . Shanks of "ShanksMare" famepatented a Budding-type horse-drawnmower, In 185a mower using chain drive instead of the Budding gear dr ive wapatented - the Silens Messer mower.


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The fi rs t ine of reasonablymoderate-priced mowers wasbrought ut by the irm ofRansome,Sims and Jef fri es,Ltd. inhe 1860's. Thesemowerswere of light on-struction andproduced n anumber of si ze s with varyingfeatures.In , 1878, the ennsylvaniaMowerCompany patented aside-wheelmachine hat wasdriven by' a train of gearinginstead of internal gear ringand pinion.The first asoline oweredlawn mower was patented byM r. Edward Ransome in 1902,and the first successful at-tempt to market a gasolinepowered mower was made bytheThomasGreenirmn1904.

The electric power mower made its appear-ance in th e early 1920's and rapidly gainedwide popularity.TheRansome firm lsomass-producedanelectricmowerseveralyears at er which featuredheadlights ornight mowing.Following World War I, mass production andthe genera l awakening of theAmerican in-dustrial giant brought forth a host of powermowernd handmower manufacturers.From 1918 to 1925 millions of the fa mi li artype hand-push reel mowers were made byscores of manufacturersnhe U.S. andabroad. By 1925, however,heasoline-powered reel mower began to take a biggerand bigger share of the market.For example:n 1924, 880,000hand-pushmowersretailingfo r $7,000,000 weresoldin the U.S. The same year, 5,000 eel-typepower mowers were sold for $1,250,000.

1917 - PowerMowers of ThisType Were 1920's - One of the First RotaryPowerToolbox. the Belt Drive.. Becoming Popular. Equipped Complete with Mowers,roducedn the Late 20's. Note

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Toward the middle of the 1930's the rotary power mower, featuring a horizontally-mountecutting blade, began to appear on the American home scene. This was the first and most significant dvance n a century of lawn mowing.Since World War II there have been great strides in the development of power mowers. Therotary has become increasingly popular; and in 1958 approximately 90% of the power mowerssold were rotaries, either self-propelled or push-propelled.Lawn-Roy became hecountry's first Production-linemanufacturers of completepowermowers, ncludingengines, n the early 1950's when OutboardMarine boughtout heRotoPower Mower Company of Kansas City, Missouri , one of the very first rotary power manu-facturers.Power mower sales in 1971 exceeded 5,500,000units. The walk-behind rotary accounted fo4,700,000, o r 85% of a ll power mower sales accord ing to theOutdoor Power Equipment Insti-tute. About 80% of the 1971 sales were for the replacement of the 38,000,000 power mowerscurrently in use in the United States. Sales of r ider mowers and lawn tr ac to rs have grown toover 800,000 units annually.Lawn and gardenbusiness is boomingand wi l l continue to boom. Saturation? . . . it wiHELP, NOT HURT, the quality manufacturer.

1959 - The New Lawn-Boy QUIETFLIT1934 - The 1934 "Lawn-Boy" was Manufac- ushered n the "Golden Age of Power Mowtured by Evinrude.elf-propelledhain ing." Its movingndorking parts aDriveeel Type. completelyealedndnsulated. QUIETFLITE in 1959 was the Last Word in ModeQuiet Power Mower Development.

SERV ICE ULLETIN REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .


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Thru he yea rs Lawn-Boy has continued oimprovenesign and performance- ofLawn-Boy products.his is one reasonwhy Lawn-Boy is one of theworld eadersin the industry. Lawn-Boy is one of the fewmanufacturers that offers a complete choiceof modelsdesigned o fit all mowing re-quirements. romhepartment wellertohestatewner Lawn-Boy offers achoice osatisfyall lawn and garden e-quirements.Test s have shown the Lawn-Boy D-400 Ser-ies, 2 CycleEngine, obe one of thebestengines avai lable . The heart of your moweris theengineand he D-400 Series is de-signed to offe r years of dependable service.1972 Lawn-Boy introduced its first Solid State(CD)D-600 Series engine. Available with manualorelectric start - self-propelled orpushpro-pelled type models. The solid state ignition sys-tem has no moving parts, is completely enclosedreducing ignition failure while producing up to30,000 volts. No points, coil or condenser toreplace, offering longer spark plug life. The allnew carburetor used on the D-600Series engine iscompletely utomatic. No adjustments therthan an atmospheric pressure adjustment is re-quired. A new primer system forces compressedair into the float chamber which forces fuel intothe carburetor venturi.Thismethod of priming iseffective and consequently, one prime is usuallysufficient to start the engine. The larger mufflerdesign reduces noise and exhaust down into theturf.

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Lawn-Boy developedheevolutionaryCORDLESS ELECTRIC MOWER poweredby 36 volts this compact mower contains allthe engineering "know-how" and safety fea-tu re s of gasoline operated mowers. Exces-sive noise and exhaust fumes are eliminated.One more FIRST for Lawn-Boy.In the uture Lawn-Boy wi l l continue toimprove to offer you, the deale r, and yourcustomers the best product available.

S E RV I CEBUL L E T I NRE F E RE NCE S .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .


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THE NEW GENERATIONThe new generation series of Lawn-Boy mowers combines68 years of 2-cycle echnology with advanced engineeringand manufacturing procedures.The final result is an al lnew look from the "grass up." 21 fewer parts,ess weight,and introducing an al l NEW "F" series Lawn-Boy enginewhich produces20 to 30% more usable power.Lawn-Boy has retained and refined all theoutstandingfeatures that have made us famous.

Easy fingertip starting - a reduced 4 to 1 gear ratio re-sulting in the easiest startingmower in Lawn-Boy's istory.

Quiet operation - featuring a newexhaustsystem.Thewelded muffler assemblycontainsanadditional affle and muffler tube.Designed as a one-piecessemblysecured to the mower with only threescrews.

Super vacuum action - the design of the mower housingandamousurable Lawn-Boyhigh l i ft blade has been improvedto dischargelippings into t herear of the grass bag -- this createsa well manicured mowing appear-ance. Also added under he decki s a crankshaft upportocatedapproximately 2 inches above theblade to provideadditional pro-tection for th e crankshaftndcrankcase.

The new generation began in the summer of-1972. WHY?1.ontainewerarts.2. Design a newengine which developsmorepower a t

lower RPMS which meetsrxceeds OPEI safetystandards.

1973: First engineering prototype"F" engine run.1974:Newuelndovernorystemevelopednd1975: In May, first factory "die cast" engine tested.1975: In October, first units released for extensive field1977: In October, ful l factory production began after

tested.

testing.- years of thorough and extensive testing.

This i s not theend -- rather, th e beginning of a NEWGENERATION for us the manufacturer and you the servicedealer.1983: In July, after 9 yearsof research and development,

Lawn-Boystartedproducingcompliance lawnmowers that featured wo different blade stopp-ing systems.One is the blade,brake, clutch (BBC) systemwhich stops the blade withinseconds after theoperator releases the ail. The engine continuesto run with this system.The other is a flywheel brake system which stopsboth the lade and engine ithin 3 seconds after.the operator releases the bail.


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T H E N E W G E N E R A T I O N F" SERIES 2 CYCLEU N I T I Z E DPO WERHEAD

An automated,computer-controlled machinemanufactures two pieces in toa cylinder block assemblythat has uniformityand precision.

PRESSURE-BACKPISTON RINGMinimizes compression blowby-to increase usable power,improve fuel economy andaid starting ase.

NO-TUNE-UPEL ECT RO NI CGNIT ION \I

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FRICTION-REDUCINGNEEDLE BEARINGSThe crankshaft, top and bottom,as well as the connecting rod,are nestled in precisionneedle bearings, resulting infree running, smoothoperation. Silverplatedbearing liner a t the big endof the connecting rod.

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Lawn-Boy mowers meet r exceedcurrent A.N.S.I. B71. Ib 1977safety standards for rotary-typemowers. We proudly displaythis Outdoor Power EquipmentInstitute seal on each machine.

\M O REUSABLE POWERDisplacement s increasedfrom 6.6 to 7.7 cubic inches.This and other improvementsadd 20-30% more usable power.

SERVICEULLETINEFERENCES . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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P R I N C I P L E S OF O P E R A T I O NR O T A R Y P O W E R M O W E R S

Rotary mowers are generally designed with On the rotary mower, heightof cutischangedfour wheels o support a housing on op of by changing the wheelheight. The cuttingwhich is mounted the engine,andwith the blade is usually attached directly to the en-cutting lade mounted horizontallynside gineshaft,and is generallymade of tem-and beneath the housing. pered steel of varying widths. Length of thecutting blade is determined by the size ofTheblade is designed to "lift" the grass as the mower housing.it rotate s, by creating an upward flow of air.This insures even cutting.

Rotary mowers are capable of cutting level,The housing covers the blade, channeling theclean awns, as well as rough awns.Theyflow of gra ss out a discharge hute. Ridding are limitednheir utting bilitynheightthehousing of cut gr as se s is a necessity, of grass (or weeds),only by theamount ofin or der toliminateoweross.aterial to be discharged.


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W H A T I S T H E D I F F E R E N C E B E T W E E N2 - C Y C L E E N G I N E S ?There are four main Differences in the operation of 4-cycle and 2-cycle engines:POWER - Number of power strokes per crankshaft revolution.EXHAUST - Method of scavenging burned gases from combust ion chamber.LUBRICATION - Method of providing internal moving parts with oil film.INTAKE - Method of gett ing uelvapor o hecombustionchamber.

2-CYCLE OPERATIONFirs t Stroke - UP - Piston movesp in cylinder.Piston movement creates vacuum in crankcasFuel Entry Reed valve opens.Fuel air vapor enters crankcase.As piston reaches top of cylinder, fuel vaporcylinder is compressed.

Explosion forces piston down, delivering pow

Second Stroke - DOWN - Fuel entry valve closes.POWER STROKE Exhaust ports open, burned gases escape.Downward movement of piston creates pressin crankcase.Intake ports openas piston moves by - Cracase pressure forces fuel vapor to rush icylinder.Incoming fuel vapor clearsylinder of burned gases.NOTE: 2-cycle f i res EACH revolution, requiring only one turn of the crankshaft to compleintake, firing, and exhaust. 2-cycle delivers TWO power st ro ke s while 4-cycle is completiONE.

4-CYCLE OPERATION

Firs t Stroke - DOWN - INTAKEPiston moves 'down towards theIntake alve is Open, ExhaustFuel enters compression chamber

crankcase.Valve Closed.(cylinder).

Second Stroke - up - COMPRESSIONPiston moves up in cylinderIntake and Exhaust valves Fuel vapor is being compresclosed.for igniting.

Third Stroke - DOWN - POWER STROKE Fourth Stroke - UP - EXHAUSTPi st on movesown after spark ig-iston movesp.nites and explodes fuel vapor, fur- Exhaust valve is open.nishing power output. Burned vapors are forced ou tcylinder.NOTE: NUMBER OF MOVING PARTS IN 4-cycleoperation.4-cycle fires every ourtstroke, equir ing TWO complete urns of the crankshaft ocomplete he ouroperations.SERVICE ULLETIN EFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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D E S I G NA P P L I C A T I O N

4-CYCLE LUBRICATION 2-CYCLE LUBRICATIONThe 4-cycle engine requires a separate sy s -tem of lubrication, with anoil ump thatmustbekeptfullandoperated on a fairlylevel surface to prevent lack of lubricationto nternal moving par ts. The4-cyclesys-tem ncludes an oil eservoir, l inger oroil pump (which are ineffective if the mowerengine is run with a low oil supply or til tedto an extreme ngle), ftenesultingndamage to the engine.

The 2-cycle engine is always lubricatedas ong asthere is a fuel mixture in the fuel tank. No tten-tion to oil level is required, as he oil is pre-mixedwith the fuel. The engine is kept lubricated re-gardless of angle of operation. The oil, suspendedin the fuel vapor, adheres to the surfaces of allthe moving parts, keeping them continuallycoated witha film of oil.

M A I N T E N A N C EEase of maintenance ncreases with 2-cycleoperation,because: (1)There are fewer moving par ts t o wear. (2 ) 2-cycle lubrication reachesevery moving par t eve ry stroke, and the oil is always fresh and clean.(3 ) Clean lubrication means longer life for moving parts.

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MOVING PARTS - 4-CYCLE ENGINEMOVING PARTS - 2-CYCLE ENGINEInclude timing gears , cam shaf t, intake and Th er e ar e only THREE major moving pa rt sexhaust valves, slinger or oil ump, springs. in the 2-cycle engine. These can be repairedAll are additional parts required for 4-cycle o r replaced with the simplest of workingengines.These create more riction,more tools. No valves o grind, cam shafts, pushwear, and requiremore quipment, xtra rods, iminggears,valve prings,etc. otime and materials for overhaul. adjustreplace.

THE 2-CYCLE ENGINE SEASIERTOCAREFOR AND TO REPAIR

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manual section 1 mower history

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