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M a n u a l

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CreditsParadox Entertainment:

CEO: Theodore BergquistProducer / Lead Programmer: Johan Andersson

Programmers: Jonas Bjering, Johan Andersson, Henrik FhraeusLead Artist: Marcus Edstrm

Artists: Dick Sjstrm, Stefan ThulinGame Designer: Joakim Bergqwist

Scenario Development: Henrik RothenManual: Joakim Bergqwist, Mark H.Walker, Fredrik Lindgren

Layout: Stefan ThulinMarketing & Sales: Fredrik Lindgren

Music: Inon ZurSound Efffects: Wave Generation / Michael Elman

Special Thanks: All the people at our forum.FORZA DJURGRN!

www.paradoxplaza.com

Crusader Kings Copyright 2004 Paradox Entertainment AB. Related logos, characters, names, and distinctive likenessesthereof are trademarks of Paradox Entertainment AB unless otherwise noted. All Rights Reserved.

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Crusader KingsCrusader Kings is a strategy game depicting the feudal times of Medieval Europe and theCrusades to retake the Holy Lands. The player assumes the personae of the head of a medi-

eval dynasty. As such, he is responsible for ruling his lands, conquering provinces, develop-ing advances, and growing his economy.Acquiring Prestige and Piety are the ultimate goal of the scenarios. These are acquired in

a variety of ways, but all have two things in common. You acquire Piety by doing good worksfor the church, and you gain Prestige by building your kingdom and conquering lands. Thedynasty with highest total score is the winner.

Consumer Safety Warnings and Precautions:Epilepsy WarningSome individuals may experience epileptic seizures when exposed to certain patterns offlashing lights. Exposure to certain light patterns on a television screen or while playing com-puter games may induce an epileptic seizure in these individuals. Certain conditions may in-duce undetected epileptic symptoms in persons who have no history of prior seizures of epi-lepsy. If you, or anyone in your family, have an epileptic condition, consult your doctor priorto use. If you experience any of the following symptoms while playing a computer game: diz-ziness, altered vision, eye or muscle twitches, loss of awareness, disorientation, any involun-tary movement, or convulsions, IMMEDIATELY discontinue use and consult your doctor be-fore resuming use.

Follow these precautions whenever using this software: Do not sit or stand too close to the monitor. Play as far back from the monitor as pos-

sible. Do not play if you are tired or need sleep. Always play in a well-lit room. Be sure to take a 10 to 15 minute break every hour while playing.CAUTION: Some people may experience fatigue or discomfort after playing for a long time.Regardless of how you feel, you should ALWAYS take a 10 to 15 minute break every hourwhile playing. If your hands or arms become tired or uncomfortable while playing, stop and

rest. If you continue to experience soreness or discomfort during or after play, listen to thesignals your body is giving you. Stop playing and consult a doctor. Failure to do so could re-sult in long-term injury. If your hands, wrist or arms have been injured or strained in other ac-tivities, use of this Software could aggravate the condition. Before playing, consult a doctor.

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Technical SupportShould you experience a technical problemwith this software please contact our techni-cal support staff. Before you call, please read

the README.TXT file on the Crusader KingsCD to see any last minute recommendationspertinent to your problem. Also check outthe support page on our web site listed be-low. When e-mailing please provide the fol-lowing information: Computer brand and model.

Windows version. Total system RAM. Total hard drive space. Video card make and model.

Contact InformationInternet Email: For prompt technical support

via email, contact us at the following e-mailaddress:[email protected]

System RequirementsTo play Crusader Kings, youll need the fol-lowing hardware:

Windows 95/98/ME/2000/XP Pentium III 600 128MB RAM 16 MB

Graphics Card Direct X 8.1 Direct XCompatible Sound Card 4X CD-ROM.

Installation Place your Crusader Kings CD in your

CD ROM drive. This should trigger your

computers autorun function, which dis-plays the Crusader Kings installationscreen. Follow the prompts to install thegame.

If the autorun doesnt click Start>Run[theletter of the CD-ROM drive]>Setup.exe.That should do the trick.

Once the game is installed, you canplay by selecting Programs>ParadoxEntertainment>Crusader Kings.

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Definitions ofTermsSucceeding in Crusader Kings takes not on-

ly a true strategic mind, but also the combi-nation of diplomatic skills and intrigue. Thegame is different from many traditional em-pire-building games, and so is the terminol-ogy. Below you will find a list of commonwords used to describe central aspects of thegame.

DynastiesFirst and foremost, Crusader Kings is a gameabout dynasties. Each player is the head ofa dynasty. Each dynasty head must grow hisdynasty, gain more territory, garner wealth,and get influence in Europes politics. The

land that each dynasty head holds is his per-sonal demesne, or as Websters dictionarydefines it: a legal possession of land as onesown.

Vassals will swear their allegiance to you, andyou may form friendships with other dynas-

ties through marriage and shrewd politics.In fact, marriage is a key facet of CrusaderKings. Af ter all, you must have heirs to whomyou may bequeath your throne.

All the characters in Crusader Kings havetraits, and there are plenty of characters.

From the Pope to the wife of the first cousinof the Count of Gstrikland, there are scadsof characters in Crusader Kings. You alsohave a court from which you may appointyour marshals, advisors, or appoint Bishops

or Counts. Each has a number of traits. Theymay be brave or cautious, religious or world-ly, trustworthy or deceitful. These traits gov-ern how they will react and respond to your

moves as well as assist you in the creation ofyour glorious lands.

You govern a medieval, feudal dynasty. Youmay be a Christian Emperor, King, Duke, orCount but there are also non-player Dukes,Counts and Bishops even the Pope. The feu-

dal hierarchy was a stiff and conservativeinstitution. Despite the brutality of the age,fighting unprovoked wars was frowned up-on. Therefore you must hold claims to prov-inces to declare war on its owner. Claimsmay be obtained from marriages, Papal orImperial decree, by claiming the title or byevents. You may also usurp the throne of adynasty that holds a higher title than yoursand assume that title, but that is rarely a pop-ular decision.

ProvinceA province is a defined area on the map sep-arated by borders. A province contains pro-vincial buildings; social groups with differentamounts of political power, and may gener-ate income and mobilize troops.

DemesneDemesne is the province or provinces un-der the direct control of one ruler. The De-

mesnes are divided into Royal, Ducal, andCountal depending on the status of the rulerof the particular Demesne.

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RealmEach realm, which consists of all demesneand vassal provinces, has one ruler. The rul-er has full control of his demesne provinces,

but only partial control of vassal provinces.The vassals are supposed to mobilize troopswhen instructed by the ruler. The ruler guidesthe advances and set the laws.

Coat-of-ArmsThe Coat-of-Arms is the symbol for a dy-

nasty/ruler in the game. A Christian Coat-of-Arms in Crusader Kings is always in the formof a shield, while the Muslim Coat-of-Armsis a circle.

The HierarchicalSystem Kings: Kings are the most powerful ruler

and govern entire realms. Dukes: Dukes are the second most pow-

erful ruler in Crusader Kings, and pledgeallegiance only to the king of the land.

Counts: Although powerful, counts arethe least powerful of the Crusader Kingrulers.

Counts and duke can also be independent,which means they are not vassals but maylegislate and rule without interference froma King.

Vassal/LiegeA vassal is a lord of a Ducal or Countal de-mesne that has sworn allegiance to a lord ofhigher rank than himself/herself. The higherranked lord is called the Liege of the lower

ranked one. During the medieval age, warsbetween different vassals were not uncom-mon. Even revolts against lieges were quitecommonif vassals felt powerful enough tochallenge their lords.

CrusadesIn addition to growing your kingdom andgaining Piety and Prestige, youll also par-ticipate in the Crusades to retake the HolyLands from the Muslims. Doing so, and do-ing so successfully, can garner your charac-

ter large bonuses in Piety and Prestige. Thereare also certain Piety penalties for those whorefuse to go on Crusades.

The PopeThe Pope in Crusader Kings is a non-playercharacter (NPC) able to significantly influ-

ence the game. The Pope may instigate aCrusade, sanction a dynasty lord, or bestowhis favor. The Pope and some of his select-ed few may also place the ultimate penaltyon those who are not deemed to be faith-ful Christiansexcommunication. The playercannot become the Pope. However, he may

get an ecclesiastical courtier of his elected asPope, and thus control the Pope.

EventsEvents are an important part of the game.These are in-game happenings that are ei-ther triggered by circumstances or occur

randomly. Sometimes the events require noplayer action (such as a plague), other timesthe players response to an event (such asgranting subjects rights), will have globalconsequences.

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MuslimsThe Muslims and their lords are non-play-er characters and armies. Players are givenboth Piety and Prestige points for conquer-

ing Muslim provinces. Muslims are powerfuland start all scenarios with more advancesthan most Christian realms.

The Mongol HordeThe Mongol Hordes will come from the Eastin the middle of the 13th century and attack

everything in sight. There are two hordes;The Golden Horde attacks into Europe, andThe Ilkhanate attacks into the Middle East.Note that the Mongols are technological-ly quite superior, making them formidablefoes.

Piety and PrestigePiety and Prestige are two critical factors inCrusader Kings. Simply stated, performingacts for the Church gains Piety, while the typ-ical power-wealth-fame triumvirate bestowsPrestige on the player. For example, con-quering the Holy Land gives your characterhuge amounts of both Piety and Prestige.

Almost all of your actions will influenceyour Piety or Prestige. These values will alsoinfluence how others view your dynasty.

CombatYou may receive and develop advances, ne-gotiate deals, and pass laws, but no matterwhat you do, sooner or later youll have to

fight. When entering into battle in CrusaderKings you may seek help from vassals or lieg-es that are loyal to you, or choose to fight thebattle on your own. If war has been declared,combat occurs between enemy armies thatoccupy the same province. The two armiesbattle, taking into account their morale, pow-

er, technological prowess, and battles tacticsuntil one triumphs. The losing army retreatsand the winning army stays in the province.If the invader wins the battle, he must siegeboth the provincial fortifications and the cap-itals city walls to capture the province. Warscan be declared for a number of reasons, butthe primal causes are religion or title claims.

You may recruit a regiment from eachprovince in your demesne. You may also mo-bilize the regiments of your vassal dukes orall your vassals simultaneously with a GrandMobilization. The people, however, dont likemobilization, so you must balance the needfor a large army against the unrest it willcause. In fact, disloyal Vassals might not mo-bilize when ordered. Of course this gives youreason to revoke the Vassals title and give itto a loyal subject, like your daughter or firstcousin.

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How to playCrusader KingsUnderstanding the key elements in Cru-

sader Kings is the first step to playing thegame well. Lets start at the beginning andgo through the interface, button-by-button,screen-by-screen.

Starting the game

Single PlayerTo start a single player game you must enterthe Single Player menu by clicking the appro-priate button in the main menu.

Scenario Selection

ScreenChoosing Single Player from the Main Menubrings you to the scenario selection screen.This screen lists the available scenarios,saved games, and three buttons across thebottom of the screen. The scenarios are:

Hastings 1066Remembered throughout history for the fa-mous battle of Hastings where William I,known as The Conqueror, occupied the Brit-ish Isles laying the framework for a futuredynasty. The scenarios start as William isdeemed King of Britain.

The Third Crusade 1187Saladin, king of Babylon, with an immensemultitude of his Turks, re-took Jerusalem

from the Christian invaders the year this sce-narios starts.

Hundred Years War 1337Marking the beginning of The Hundred Years

War, lasting from 1337 until 1453. The periodwas a defining time for the history of bothEngland and France. The war started whenKing Philip VI of France attempted to confis-cate the English territories in the Duchy ofAquitaine. The conflict ended in July 1453when the French finally expelled the English

from the continent by force.

You can play King, Duke or Count by click-ing the shields to the middle of the open-ing screen. Clicking the shield to the leftwill present you with a list of all the play-able Kingdoms, whereas the middle shield

will show all playable Duchies and rightmostshield gives an overview of all Counties play-able in Crusader Kings.

Left-click on the country/duchy/county thatyou that wish to play, and the character youwill be playing, and his or her titles are dis-

played. Click start to begin the scenario. ClickBack to return to the main menu. ClickingOptions displays the following list of options.

Game OptionsSeveral game options become availablewhen you choose to play a single player

game or host a multiplayer game (coveredlater in the user manual). They are found un-der options in the scenario selection screen.

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Diffic ultyChanges the game difficulty. There are five

different settings ranging from Very Easy toVery Hard.

Ai AggressivenessModifies how aggressive the AIs will be, andhow quickly it reacts.

Game Speed

Dont bother about this in single-player itcan be changed anytime you want while in-side the game using ctrl and + / onthe numerical keypad. In a multiplayer gameset the game speed to Normal or Below Nor-mal. While playing, this can only be changedby the host of the game.

Fog Of WarThis turns the Fog of War on or off. Playingwith Fog of War off is recommended for be-ginning players as it allows you to see all ofyour opponents moves.

AutoSave

this setting turn the auto save function on oroff and can be set to different intervals. Everytime the game is automatically saved it cre-ates a backup of the most recent auto save(AutoSave in the Saved Games window forthe most recent saved file and old AutoSavefor the second most recent saved file).

NOTE: Only the host may change options ina multiplayer game.

The Top BarsAfter the scenario loads, youll be taken to

the map and playing interface. The GameMap dominates this screen, but the screenalso includes the Province Window on theleft of the screen, and Text window at thebottom of the screen, and a strategic map inthe lower left corner of the screen.

The Game Map shows your province

and some of the provinces of your enemies.You may scroll the map with either the arrowkeys or by moving your mouse to the edge ofthe screen. At the top of the map are the cur-rent date and three icons. From left to rightthey are: Gold: The coin icon indicates how much

gold your character has. Crown: The crown icon indicates how

much Prestige your character has. Pres-tige is your standing among your equalsin glory, fame, and power.

Cross: The cross icon indicates howmuch Piety your character has. Piety is

how well you incarnate the perfectedChristian ruler, in justice, in honesty, andin meekness.

Holding the mouse over any of the icons willdisplay the rate of change and the factors af-fecting it. This will also indicate what actions

you need to take if you are losing gold, Pietyor Prestige.

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The Char-acterIn the top right of

the game map isyour character por-trait. Left-click theportrait to go to theCharacter screen. Inthe game, you cango to a the Charac-

ter screen of spe-cific Characters byleft-clicking theirportraits.

Across the top ofthe Character Win-dow are your char-acters Prestige, Piety, and gold levels. Im-mediately under these icons are special iconsrepresenting traits that your character has.For example, if your character has a tenden-cy to knock off folks in his family he will bedeemed a Kinslayer, and a green icon with abloody sword appears in this section of theCharacter Window.

See Appendix A Character Traits

Below the icons are the characters four at-tributes: Martial, Diplomacy, Intrigue, andStewardship. We define these below:Martial: The characters military skill. It is

used as a bonus when the character leads hisregiment in combat.Diplomacy: The characters diplomatic skill.It is used when the character is interacting

with other rulersthrough game ac-tions, as peace nego-tiations etc.

Intrigue: The char-acters ability to nav-igate the tricky wa-ters of medieval con-spiracy. It is used bythe event system todetermine the like-

lihood of gettingintrigue events in-creases the abilityto assassinate otherCharacters.Stewardship: Thisindicates the charac-

ters skill in governing his lands, and effec-tively utilizing his resources. The numbers ofdemesnes he can hold without penalty de-pend on it, and all incomes are modified bythis skill.

Below the characters attributes is his or her

name, date of birth, and age. Below this is hisor her title. The bottom half of the CharacterWindow provides a graphic depiction of thelieges and vassals loyal to the character, hisparents, spouse, children, siblings, and suc-cessors.

Normally, characters are born with 2-3 traits.An extra trait is added when the characterstarts Lower Education at age 5 (Court, Ec-clesiastical, Martial), and surfaces when the

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character turns 15. Other traits are addedthrough events or by actions conducted bya character. The Character also has two hid-den attributes, Health and Fertility, which de-

termine risk of death/sickness and the child-birth rate.

Mini-MapAt the bottom left of the main screen is theMini-Map window. Left clicking anywhere in

the mini-map centers the Game Map on that

point. You may also zoom in and out in themini-map using the + and - icons.To the left of the mini-map are five largeshields. From left to right they are:

Terrain Map: This is the default view. Click-ing on this button displays the terrain map.Relational Map: Shows your Vassals, Liegeand enemies.

Economic Map: Clicking here displays theresources of each province. The provinc-es wealth is color coded from red (poor) togreen (wealthy).Religion Map: Clicking here displays the re-ligion of the population of each province.Muslim is light green, Orthodox is brown, Pa-

gan is gray, and Catholic is white.Realm Map: Presents all provinces from thesame realm in the same color.Below these shields are three smaller icons,which provide the following options:

Toggle Coat-of-Arms: The blue shield icon

toggles the coat of arms on the Game Map.Toggle Units: The sword icon toggles units.Toggle Forts: The fort icon toggles forts.

Type of Trait Gained through Affected by Effects Symbol

Educational Education Chosen/ Character Paper scrollrandomly attributes + - of different colordistributed

Diseases Events Character Character Red Hearthealth health

Personality Birth or Events Personality All game Green circleand inheritance values

Special Events or Events or All game Blue shield

special Actions by valuescircumstances charactercharacter

The following table lists the character traits and what affects them.

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MenuThe menu button allows you to view gamesettings. Clicking on it displays the followingmenu:

Save: Clicking here opens the save menu.Once opened, type in the name for yoursaved game, and click OK to save yourgame.Export: This menu allows you to exportyour Crusader Kings saved game to EuropaUniversalis II. Open the menu, choose your

game, and click OK.Options: This menu gives you access to thefollowing options: Game Speed: This defines how fast the

game will run. AutoSave: Sets how often the computer

will save your game.

SFX Volume: Sets the volume for soundeffects. Use the slider to adjust the vol-ume.

Music Volume: Sets the volume for mu-sic. Use the slider to adjust the volume.

Message Settings: These message settings

dictate the pop-ups you see during play. Youmay be notified of as much or little as youdesire. Just click the appropriate block.

Clicking Cancel cancels any changes, andclicking OK confirms them.Hints: Clicking here allows you to cyclethrough the game hints, and choose whether

to show tips at star tup or not.Surrender: Click surrender to exit the game.You will be asked to confirm your decision.Return: Returns you to the game.Game Speed: This defines how fast thegame will run.

Land MovementYou may notice that you already own a regi-ment on the map. If not, you may click on aprovince within your demesne, and click onthe soldier. This will mobilize the regimentand place him in the province on the gamemap.

Left click on any of your regiments on theGame Map to select them. A base will ap-pear under the soldier to indicate that he isselected. To move the soldier, right click inthe province to which you wish him to moveto. A line will be drawn between the regi-

ments starting location and its destination.As it travels to the destination the line willchange to light green. When the line is com-

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pletely light green the regiment will have ar-rived and a message will pop on the screento inform you of the arrival.

You may set any points for the regiment. Todo so hold down the shift key as you clickin several provinces. The speed that theregiment travels depends on the provinc-es through which it is traveling. Regimentsmove faster through open country than theydo through woods, and move even faster inprovinces with developed road nets.To attack an enemy province, send your reg-iment into the province. Well cover this ingreater detail in the section on combat.

Sea MovementRegiments cannot only march across land,but may be ferried across the water as well.For example, you may ferry your regimentfrom Kent to Calais. In order to go through

with this order, select what regiments youwish to move and then right-click on Cal-ais. Youll get travel box that asks you if youwant to move it by sea and tells you the costin gold for it. Answer yes and you will see along arrow from the regiment to the targetprovince. When the regiment has moved for

a while it transforms into a ship and travelsautomatically to the target province.

There are no sea battles in CrusaderKings. Battles at sea were rare, and not im-portant strategically during the medieval era.Ninety percent of them were fought within acouple of hundred meters from land.

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Province WindowThe Province Window is located along theleft side of the Main Screen, and is displayedwhenever you left-click on a province with-

in your dynasty. At the top of the window isa representative picture of the province. Ifthere is a castle or other buildings in the prov-ince, theyll show up here, as will any armiesthat are present. Below the pictures are ban-ners representing the four social groups thatwe discussed in the Definition of Terms sec-

tion. From left to right they are:

Peasants:They belonged to the lowest societal groupand were often called those who worked(a lot). They might be everything from freemen to serfs, and work the lands the dwellon. If you increase the power and loyalty ofthe Peasant the following happens: The power and loyalty of Nobles will de-

crease. Your regiment will hold more Light in-

fantry. You will get an instant Prestige penalty. You will get more tax income from the

province.

Burghers:They belonged to the next lowest societalgroup and were often called

Those who worked. They were freemen and city-dwellers that specialized in

manufacturing and trade. If you increase thepower and loyalty of the Burghers the follow-ing happens: The power and loyalty of the Clergy will

decrease.

Your regiment will hold more Archersand Pike Men.

You will get an instant Piety penalty. You will get more tax income from the

province.Clergy:They belonged to the next highest societalgroup and were often called Those whoprayed. The men of God were the shepherdsof the peasants and helped those lesser menserve God. The clergy rarely paid taxes and

were often the keystone in any serious ad-ministration. If you increase the power andloyalty of the Clergy the following happens: The power and loyalty of the Burghers

will decrease. Your regiment will hold more Light Cav-

alry and Heavy Infantry.

You will get an instant Piety bonus. You will get less tax income from the

province.

Nobles:These belong to the highest societal group,and were often called those who fight.The nobles where barons, bannerettes andknights who upheld the law and defend-ed the country. Defined by bloodline alone,they held special status and rarely paid taxes.If you increase the power and loyalty of theNobles the following happens: The power and loyalty of the Peasants

will decrease.

Your regiment will hold more Knights. You will get an instant Prestige bonus. You will get less tax income from the

province.

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Province Improve-mentsYou may also improve buildings in your prov-ince. To erect buildings click somewhere inthe landscape of the province screen. Thisdisplays the available improvements as shad-ow buildings. Passing your mouse over theshadow building displays the available build-ing, how much it will cost and how long it will

take. The provincial buildings can be foundin the appendix. Buildings generally increasethe income generated by your province, andthe size of the provincial regiment dependon the income.

Province DetailsIn the lower half of the province window

you will see small icons representing specificprovince features and conditions like Plagueinfested or Prosperous. More about provinc-es can be found in the Appendix.

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Managing yourDynastyClicking your Coat-of-Arms on the Game

Map displays the Dynasty Window on theleft side of the screen. From this window youcan access most of the functions that yourcharacter will need to manage his dynasty.

Your ActionsClicking on the weapons in the right side of

the dynasty management window brings upthe Action Screen. The window offers the fol-lowing options:Mobilize Host: This will mobilize all of theprovincial regiments of the chosen ruler.Grand Mobilization: This will mobilize all ofthe provincial regiments in the realm in one

stroke. It can take some time for every one toanswer the call and disloyal provincial lordsmay refuse to mobilize at all.Offer Marriage: Offers a ruler a chance tocreate a marriage between two characters intheir dynasties. If that ruler accepts, the mar-riage is carried at the listed cost, giving Pres-

tige to both rulers and increasing their mu-tual relations. If the ruler refuses, the playerscharacter loses Prestige.Create Bishopric: turns a County into a Bish-opric. Note that your Piety will influence theloyalty of the Bishop.Grant Title: Grant a title to a character.

Revoke Title: Removes a title from a target-ed vassal and take it for yourself. If the vassalrefuses then you merely get a claim on histitle instead.

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Create Title: If you own a lot of land (likemaybe half of Sweden) and no one has thetitle King of Sweden you can create that ti-tle for yourself.

Usurp Title: When you control more thanhalf of the land of a province/country, youcan claim being the lawful owner of a title,even if it is held by another Character. Thisis called usurping the title and gives you alegal claim on the title, but not the title itself.You will have to earn the title by conquering

the province by warfare.Grab Title: A megalomaniac (or even you)may say that a title is theirs without havinga legal claim to do so. This costs quite a bitof Prestige, but allows the character to de-clare war.Offer Vassalization: You may ask a ruler tobecome your vassal. This is a way to increaseyour realm without warfare.Pledge Allegiance: You may become thevassal of another ruler. This is a wise movewhen you are faced with powerful enemieswho threaten your Realm.

Send Assassin: You may send an assassin tokill another character. Note that it is harder tokill a titleholder than a regular courtier. Yourintrigue value and that of the target is very

important. A failed mission may result in ahuge loss of Prestige and Piety.Declare War: You may declare war if youhave a claim. You may always declare war onPagans or Muslims.Sue for Peace: If at war you may sue forpeace. How well you can press your claims in

the peace negotiation is dependent upon theoutcome of the battles.Excommunicate: May only be done by thecontroller of the Pope. Throws the characterout of the church. The target will become acheap target for title grabbing and usurpa-tion. The target may not inherit.Revoke Excommunication: May only bedone by the controller of the Pope. The tar-get is no longer excommunicated.

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Your CourtClicking on the five advisors in the DynastyWindow displays the Court Screen. From thecourt screen you appoint the most valuable

members of your administration to the titlesthey deserve and where they can serve youbest. In the Court Screen you will be provid-ed with a list of available people to serve you.These can be your successors, vassals, andother random people in your demesne.

To appoint a character, click on their portraitin the Court Screen. Doing so displays per-sonal information, such as age, attributesand other information.

Below the attributes you will find a dropdown menu that displays the positions the

character/candidate is eligible for. Scrolldown to the position you wish to fill, click onit, and then click on Appoint. Youll see theposition appear under the characters name.Its always a good idea to fill positions withpeople who have a knack for the job. For ex-ample, if the person has a high Martial rating

make them a Marshal, not a diplomat. Pleasenote that you cannot appoint Courtiers with-out a full education. This means that theyneed to be at least 15 years of age to be ap-pointed to aposition at the Court.

The positions are:

Courtier: A courtier is a member of yourcourt eligible for appointment to various po-sitions.Marshal: A Marshal runs his lords army. Hismartial attribute is added to the martial attri-

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bute of the ruler. The Marshals martial val-ue will decide the speed of development ofthe military advances. The Marshal will alsocommand the second of the regiments fromyour demesnes (The first being commandedby you).Steward: A Steward helps his ruler with thetasks of running his lords treasury. His stew-ardship attribute is added to the rulers stew-ardship attribute. The Stewards stewardshipvalue will decide the speed of developmentof economic advancement as well as thetax income from your demesnes and vassalprovinces.Chancellor: A Chancellor helps his ruler withnegotiations with foreign courts. His diplo-

macy attribute is added to the rulers diplo-macy attribute. This affects how well you doin negotiations of all kinds.Spy Master: A Spymaster helps his ruler withthe tasks of running his lords personal affairsand supplying him with information. His in-trigue attribute is added to the rulers intrigueattribute. Your personal protection, certainevents and chance of succeeding in assas-sinations are all partly dependent upon theSpy Master.Diocese Bishop: A Diocese Bishop servesas the main clerical figure in the rulers de-mesne. He may be elected to Pope or Bish-op, and his Piety influences the Piety of theruler.

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Your TreasuryOf course nothing is free, and there is onlyso much money to go around. To ensure youhave the money you need, when you need

it, it is imperative that you manage your trea-sury. Lets take a look at how to do this. Click-ing on the Chest in the Dynasty Window.

From the Treasury Screen you will allo-cate the resources of your kingdom. Usingsimple sliders you will dictate how much ofyour hard-earned gold is spent where. To ac-

cess the Treasury Screen, call up the DynastyWindow by clicking on the coat of arms be-low your characters portrait or at the top leftof the game map.

Once you are in the Dynasty Window, clickthe treasure chest to access the Treasury

Screen. As you can see, the screen has sev-eral sliders.Scutage: Rulers could take this tax insteadof military service from vassals. The vas-sals will provide smaller regiments, but yougain more gold to hire mercenaries. Higherscutage lowers the loyalty of your vassals.

Crown Duty: This is the duty paid by the no-bles and is a contractual fee for running theland. A high Crown duty decreases the loyal-ty of the Nobles.

Under these two sliders is your own coat ofarms. The following information and sliders

are located under it, and pertain to eitherincome or money spent on your own de-mesne.Demesne Income: The income from yourdemesne.

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Vassal Income: If you are a Liege this willshow how much money your vassals sendyou. If you have no vassals this will show anincome of zero.Census Tax: Tax based on the census. Themore people the greater the tax. The peas-ants pay this. Higher Census Tax reduces theloyalty of the Peasants.Tolls: Income based on your road net. Theburghers pay this. Higher Tolls reduces theloyalty of the Burghers.Army Upkeep: How much it costs to keepyour current army under arms.Duty to Liege: If you are a vassal this willshow how much money you send to your

liege. If you have no liege this will show anexpenditure of zero.Church Donations: This is the periodicamount of gold you want to donate to thechurch. This provides Piety and increasesClergy loyalty.

Finally at the bottom of the screen is a sum-mary that displays your income and expens-es. Obviously you want more coming in thangoing out. You may always try to balance theflow by decreasing the number of men thatyou have under arms, increasing taxes, orjust increasing your provinces profitability.

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Your RealmThe Realm Screen is where you manage thegrand laws and research of your realm. Youmay access the Realm Screen from the Dy-

nasty Window by clicking on the scepter.Note that we have provided a complete ex-planation of the laws and advancements inthe appendices.

LawsPart of ruling a land is deciding what laws

to impose. You may pass laws that affect allyour provinces simultaneously. For example,changing the system of succession so thatsons on the shield side of the family mayinherit land, or raising taxes (never a popu-lar decision). There are three kinds of laws;those that regulate who can inherit those

that regulate religion, and those that regulategovernment and administration. We includea complete explanation of the effect of lawsin the appendix

To impose a law, access the Realm Screen byclicking on the scepter in the Dynasty Win-

dow. Youll see two tabs in the Realm Screen:Laws and Advances. Click on the Laws tab.Clicking on a law will display its definition,and any provinces currently utilizing the lawwill turn green. Choose the law that you wishto impose, and then click the icon on the bot-tom of the screen. Frequently changing laws

will reduce the loyalty of your vassals.

AdvancesUnder the Advances tab you find the differ-ent fields in which advances can be made.

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You may click on an advance, and clickthrough the different levels to see preciselyhow it will affect your armies, production orother changes in your scores.

To choose an advance to focus on, click onan available advance (some advances arenot available until others are researched)and then click the icon at the bottom of theRealm Screen. During the course of a typicalCrusader Kings scenario you will not have thetime to research all the advances, so form aplan early and stick to the advances that sup-port that plan.

Note that there is a limit to the advanc-es you may research, and that each has acost in gold. Also keep in mind that once anadvance is researched it does not instanta-neously take effect. In medieval times, andit took time for the advance to spread across

different provinces.

Read more about the different advances inthe appendix.

The Feudal SystemTo understand Crusader Kings, you must un-derstand the medieval feudal system and thehierarchy within it. Although an archaic sys-tem by todays standards, it was nonethelesswell established and rigid. A character oftenholds several titles. It is most important tounderstand what the nobility titles are anddo.

KingThe King was the sovereign ruler of the land(monarch). Under the King were all the no-bility the dukes and the counts, etc. Ingame terms, kings have enormous Prestigepotential, but on the down side, everyonewants your job. King is the highest title inthe game. A King can also hold one or moreduchies or counties which he controls direct-

ly. These are added as titles to this Charac-ter, and those titles can be granted others inthe court.

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DukeAlthough not as powerful as Kings, Dukesrule several provinces and are powerful men.They are second only to the King in power.A Duke often holds one or more provincesand can all extra titles are added to his title

as Duke.

CountsCounts are rulers of a single province, calleda County. They can be independent or an-swer to a Duke, or answer directly to themonarch. A Count may also be the same per-

son as a Duke or King; in this case the Coun-ty is considered a Ducal or Royal demesne(more on those below.) Counts lead theirprovincial regiment in combat.

VassalsA Vassal is a ruler who has sworn allegiance

to another ruler (his liege lord) of a higherfeudal tier. The three tiers are King -Duke-Count (Archbishops are equal to Dukes andBishops to Counts). A vassal has some con-trol of his regiment(s) and has a loyalty rat-

ing. The liege lord has partial control of hisvassal, but it is within the vassals power tomobilize his regiment and fight his neighborand to refuse to mobilize when his Lord or-ders it.

All vassal characters have a loyalty scorebased on their loyalty to their liege. The loy-alty score affects whether the character willmobilize their host when told so, and if theytake independent actions, such like declar-ing wars or refusing their lieges orders. Thehighest loyalty score is 100%, and the lowestis 0% . The loyalty level affects vassals in thefollowing ways:

At 80% Loyalty: The liege may mobilize theregiments of the vassal directly.At 50% Loyalty: The vassal may be offeredvassalization from another ruler, not present-ly his liege, and may accept such offers.At 30% Loyalty: The vassal may initiate

pledge allegiance to another ruler who notpresently his liege.At 10% Loyalty: The vassal may declare him-self independent

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LiegesThe master of a vassal is a liege. A vassal canhave other vassals (Ex. The Duke of Norman-dy is vassal of the King of England, but the

Counts of Calais and Brabant are vassals ofthe Duke of Normandy.). No one can vas-salize a King. However, a King can vassalizea Duke, and Kings and Dukes may vassalizeCounts. A liege has vassals, but also demesneprovinces. The demesne provinces are prov-inces he fully controls. Because of the politi-

cal situation during the medieval time thereis a limit to how many such provinces a liegecan control without economic penalties. Thelimit depends on the following:

The Stewardship value of the ruler andhis appointed Steward.

The lieges highest title.

Note: The Court of Justice building diminish-es the penalty for owning multiple demesneprovinces.

Counts and Dukes Prestige and Bishops and

Archbishops Piety influence the loyalty ofyour vassals.

ReligionNext to the Feudal System, Religion is themost important aspect of the game. There

are four religions in Crusader Kings: Catho-lic, Orthodox, Muslim, and Pagan. The play-able dynasties all have Catholic or Orthodoxas state religion.

The PopeThe Pope is the head of the Catholic Church,the secular ruler of the Papal State, and acharacter much like the others in the game.

The Papal State is not playable, but all play-able Catholic dynasties have a chance to gaincontrol of the Pope, and thus his diplomaticactions and other special abilities.

Papal ElectionWhen a Pope dies a new Pope is elected. The

candidates are catholic Archbishops, Bish-ops, and Diocese Bishops, plus all courtierswith ecclesiastical education in the courts ofthe Pope and the Pope controller. Winningthe election depends on the candidates Pi-ety, intrigue, diplomacy, and power. DioceseBishops are less efficient in gathering sup-

port than other candidates. With a new Popecomes a new controller of the Pope, and heis the ruler closest related through blood tothe new Pope.

ExcommunicationThe controller of the Pope gets two unique

actions: excommunication and revoke ex-communication. Putting an excommunica-tion on a ruler means obstructing him frominheritance and it is much easier/cheaper tograb his titles or to usurp him. Revoking ex-communication removes these effects froman excommunicated target.

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Papal EventsThe Papal State receives events like normalcountries. These events, however, appear tothe Popes controller. For example, if France

controls the Pope, it is the French King whodecides whether the Catholic Church shouldcondemn serfdom or not a decision withglobal consequences.

ArchbishopsArchbishops are the Catholic equivalent of

secular Dukes. Some provinces in the gameare Archbishoprics instead of Duchies, whichmeans that an Archbishop rules these eccle-siastical realms in much the same way as ifthey were Dukes. Such provinces are espe-cially tricky for the monarch to control, sincethe Archbishop has such blatantly divided

loyalties. Archbishops can hold counts/re-publics/bishops as vassals but nothing else.There are even Archbishops that rule theirArchbishopric like independent realms; thusthey have no secular liege lord.

BishopsBishops are the Catholic equivalent of secu-lar Counts. Some provinces in the game areBishoprics instead of Counties, which meansthat a Bishop rules these ecclesiasticalrealms in much the same way as if they wereCounts. Such provinces are especially tricky

for the Monarch to control, since the Bishophas such blatantly divided loyalties. Thereare even Bishops that rule their Bishopric likeindependent realms, thus they have no secu-

lar liege lord.

Rules for Bishops andArchbishopsMen of the Church cannot marry. If theywere married before receiving their title, hewill keep his children. Note that they are still

able to get bastard children. Prerequisites forbecoming a Bishop or Archbishop are thatthe character is male, has one of the four ec-clesiastical educations and is not presentlymarried.

Investiture of Bishops

and ArchbishopsWhen a Bishop or Archbishop in your realmdies, a new one must be invested. If yourcharacter is an orthodox christian then acharacter in your court that has an ecclesias-tical education and is not a ruler will becomethe new Bishop. If your character is Catho-lic then the new Bishop/Archbishop is tak-en either from your court or from the courtsof the Pope and controller of the Pope. Thechance for this depends on the religious lawset in your realm.

Byzant ine War riors Mongol Warri orsCeltic Warriors Easter n Slavi c

Warriors

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The CrusadesThe Pope will Call for the Crusade and thusstart a long period of Crusading. This canhappen anytime during the game. When theCrusade is in effect each Catholic ruler is ex-

pected to fight against Muslims and Pagans.How high this expectation is depends on thepower of the ruler and the need of the Pope.If a ruler doesnt crusade he receives a Pietypenalty that continues to accrue the longerhe avoids the crusade. Crusaders receive alot of Prestige and Piety from conquering

Muslim and pagan provinces and for defeat-ing pagan and Muslim units. If the ruler hasthe Trait Crusader, all bonuses or penaltiesare multiplied by five.

WarWar and combat is a critical portion of Cru-sader Kings. Sure there is diplomacy, surethere is subterfuge, and yes, there is mar-riage, but frequently the only way to assumecontrol of a province is to go in and take itwith force. Declaring war, and conquering aprovince is a simple five-step process.

Step 1: Place a claim onthe rulerTo go to war against a ruler you need a claimon one or more of the enemys titles. Claimsare received either through inheritance,events or by usurping the title. If you haveno legitimate claim you may grab a title ata considerable cost in Prestige. As a Christianyou may freely declare war upon rulers of

Frankish Warr iors Muslim War riors Hospitaler KnightsIberian War riors

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unaccepted religious faiths, such as pagansand Muslims.

Step 2: Mobilize your

armiesIn Crusader Kings you do not build armies.Armies are constructed in the provinces ofyour demesne. Numerous factors affect theconfiguration of the armies, such as the pow-er balance between social groups, wealth,and buildings in a province, laws and ad-

vances. The most important issue for a newplayer is to know how to mobilize his armies.There are basically three ways - individualmobilization, host mobilization and grandmobilization.

To mobilize a provincial army click theprovince on the map and click the soldier infront of the landscape (if one is present andready to mobilize).

To mobilize all armies in your demesneselect Mobilize Host from your Action Menuand click on the seal.

To mobilize all your armies and call forthe assistance of all your vassals - selectGrand mobilization from your Action Menu.Note that vassals reserve the right to denyyou control of their armies.

To gain strong armies you should fa-vour the Nobles in the balancing of the so-cial groups, legislate in a way that favours the

Nobles, construct Castles that can host largearmies and focus on advances that can helpyou in battle.

Step 3: Declare war onthe rulerWhen you have a claim on a ruler declar-ing war is easy. Simply navigate to the actionscreen of the ruler and select Declare War. Allclaims at stake in this war, both yours and theopponent rulers, will be shown as icons with

the portrait of the ruler and the coat of the ti-tle in question. Click the seal to confirm yourdecision. You are now at war.

Step 4: Win the battleand conquer the prov-incesWhen armies owned by rulers at war meetin a province they fight. Many factors decidewho wins the battle, including advances; themilitary skills of the leaders, terrain and otherfactors play an important part.

The Combat Screen resides on the leftside of the screen. The combat resolvesin six distinct phases. The phases are dis-played at the top of the Combat Screen. Youmay not control your units once combat isjoined. During each phase specific unit types,signified by the abbreviations and units de-scribed below attack.

Templar KnightsTeutonic Order Italian Warri ors Ugric Balti c

Warriors

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1) Maneuver: a short delay while the forcesjockey for position

2) Advance: Archers, Horse Archers3) Skirmish: Archers, Horse Archers, Light

Infantry, LightCavalry4) Front: All (Archer fire halved)5) Flank: All (Archer fire halved)6) Retreat: One side retreats or is extin-

guishedThe combat will loop through phase 2 to 5,until one side has too low morale or is elimi-

nated and combat ends with phase 6.Unit TypesYour armies are not generic masses of men.They are composed of several types of units,and each with strengths and weaknesses.

KnightsThis unit type is sometimes called HeavyCavalry, but is actually something more. Re-cruited from the highest social group, thosewarriors are superior in training and mo-rale. Very good against none mounted units,though Pike Men can be deadly opponentsto this troop type.

Light CavalryThis unit type is cavalry that has traded ar-mor for speed. It is a standard troop type andis good against most other types.

Horse ArchersA Mongol specialty, this type of unit can on-ly be built by the Hordes and the Arabs. Theunit fires during every phase of combat. They

are deadly against all heavy armored units.ArchersThey are lightly armored footmen. They canuse either Bows or Crossbows and are verygood against heavy armored units.

Heavy Infantr y

This is Heavy infantry that can go toe-to-toewith any other type of infantry. It is especiallyeffective against Archers, Pike Men, and LightInfantry.

Pike MenThis is an anti-cavalry type of unit that is es-pecially effective against Knights, but can

perform well against other unit types as well.

Light InfantryThis unit type consists of lightly armouredfootmen. They are not very good againstanything but Archers, but they are cost effi-cient if used in great numbers.

The battle ends when one side is eliminat-ed or routes. Simply winning a battle, how-ever, is not enough to control a province. Youwill need to besiege the province for sometime in order to break down its defences.

Norse WarriorsWestern Slavic

Warriors

Turkish War riors31

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The siege begins as soon as the enemy armyroutes from the province or is eliminated. Noaction is required, the siege is automatic, andyoull be notified when it is complete. The

time it takes to siege a province is depend-ent upon the number of men you have, yourtroop types and advances made.

Step: 5 Sue for peaceSooner or later someone will to sue forpeace. To do so bring up the opponents Ac-

tion Menu and select Sue for Peace. One boxwill appear for each claim contested in thewar. You can propose Draw (grey box), Vic-tory (green box) or Defeat (red box). Togglebetween the options by clicking on the box.You may also pay or demand tribute by ad-justing the slider on the Sue for Peace menu.When you click the seal your peace offer issent to your opponent. The chance of himaccepting the proposal depends on your warscore, which is shown in the upper left cornerof the menu. In the final peace offering yougain or lose titles, gold, Prestige and Piety.

Winning the GameIn Crusader Kings, as in history, there is nosingular winner, although there are many

apparent losers. To a large extent winningis achieved by accomplishing your personalgoals: conquering land, wealth, Prestige, Pi-ety or whatever else you strive for. The win-ner, if there is one, will be anyone who sur-vives the course of history and is ready to lethis country confront the challenges of the

coming era in Europa Universalis II.

MultiplayerIn order to play a multiplayer game you willrequire either a fast Internet connection ofat least 512 kbit/s with TCP/IP protocol in-stalled, or connection to a Local Area Net-work. The host of a new game will decide thescenario, victory conditions and game speed.He will also save the game. Note that eventsthat temporarily halt a single player game willnot do so in multiplayer. Only the Host maychange game speed in Game Options, or

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once the game has started.When pausing in a multiplayer game

only the player who paused may restart thegame within the first 30 seconds. After that

time period any player can restart the game.

Connection Types: Local Area Network: Will automatically

search your local network for any hostedgame. You may join the game, or hostone yourself.

Valkyrienet: Here you will meet otherplayers. Chat; join their games or host agame for others to join.

Internet: You must know the IP addressof the host in order to join a game. Tofind out your IP address, follow the in-structions below. Note that unless youhave a permanent connection your IPaddress will most probably change ev-ery time you connect to the Internet.

Finding your IP address Make sure you are connected to the In-

ternet Under the star t-menu, choose Run.Win98/Me Type winipcfg and click OK. Your IP ad-

dress is displayedWin2000/XP Type cmd and click OK.In the new window type ipconfig and press

ENTER. Your IP address is displayed

TroubleshootingIf you are having problems running the gameplease follow the guidelines below.

Does your PC meet the minimum speci-fications for the game? Make sure you are using the latest ver-

sion of DirectX. Install the latest driversfor your display adapter and sound card(Compatible with your DirectX version).

Shut down any other programs you have

running before starting Crusader Kings

Game updatesUpdates, if needed, will be made available atthe following www address: http://www.par-adoxplaza.com/downloads.asp (under theCrusader Kings heading)

Community forumsThe user community for Crusader Kings, aswell as other games by Paradox Entertain-ment can be found at http://forum.para-doxplaza.com/forum. Here you will find themost recent FAQ as well as discussions onstrategies and user mods (user made add-ons and changes to the game). Make sureyou drop by for the latest information aboutour games but also to meet other peoplewith a genuine interest in strategy games.

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Appendix ACharacter

TraitsThese are the traits that affectthe character you choose to play.Traits will not only decide howCharacters interact with eachother, but also how likely cer-tain events are to hit the player.Most traits have both advantag-es and penalties, and these may

affect your attributes and hiddenscores like fertility or what otherpeople think of you. In-game youcan read more about the traits byholding your cursor over the spe-cific trait in the Character screen.Some events can only be trig-gered by Characters with specificTraits.

Description ofTraits:Liked/Disliked by others Oth-er characters in the game tendto like or dislike you because ofyour trait. This affects your re-lations with other countries, aswell as the loyalty from yourVassals.

Penalty Describes how thetrait affects the Character in anegative way.

Advantage Describes howthe trait affects the Character ina positive way.

Opposite Trait All traitshave an opposite trait. Peoplewith opposite traits tend to dis-like each other. A Character maynever have two opposite traits at

the same time.

ArbitraryLikes Arbitrary people.

Dislikes Just people, De-creased stewardship attribute.Just.

ChastePiety increase over time, Like

Chaste people.Decreases Fertility score,

Dislike Lustful persons.Lustful.

CowardDislikes Coward people, De-

creases Martial attribute.Likes Valorous people.Valorous.

CruelLikes Cruel people.Dislikes Merciful people, Pi-

ety decrease over time.Merciful.

DeceitfulDislikes Deceitful people,

Decreases Diplomacy attriLikes Honest People, Increas-

es Intrigue attribute.Honest.

EnergeticLikes Energetic people, In-

creases Diplomacy attribute.

Dislikes Lazy people.Lazy.

Forgiving

Likes Forgiving people.Dislikes Vengeful people.Vengeful.

GenerousPrestige increase over time,

Like Generous people.Decreases Stewardship attri-bute, Dislikes Selfish people.

Selfish.

HonestLikes Honest people, Increas-

es Diplomacy attribute.Dislikes Deceit ful people,Decreases Intrigue attribute.

Deceitful.

IndulgentLikes Indulgent people.Dislikes Temperate people,

Decreases Health score, Pietydecrease over time.

Temperate.

JustLikes Just people, Increases

Stewardship at tribute.Dislikes Arbitrary people.Arbitrary.

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LazyLikes Lazy people, Increases

Intrigue attribute.

Dislikes Energetic people,Decreases Diplomacy attribute,Martial and Stewardship attri-butes.

Energetic.

LustfulLikes Lustful people, Increas-

es Intrigue attribute and fertil-ity score.

Dislikes Chaste people.Chaste.

MercifulLikes Merciful people, Piety

increases over time.Dislikes Cruel people.Cruel.

ModestLikes Modest people, Piety

increased over time.

Dislikes Proud people, Pres-tige decreased over time.

Proud

ProudLikes Proud people, Prestige

increased over time.

Dislikes Modest people, Pietydecreased over time.Modest.

RecklessLikes Reckless people.Dislikes Wise people, De-

creases Martial attribute.Wise.

SkepticalLikes Sceptical and Her-

etic people, Faster technologyspread.

Dislikes Zealous people, Pi-ety decreased over time.

Zealous.

SelfishLikes Generous people, In-

creases Stewardship attribute.Dislikes Selfish people, Pres-

tige decreased over time.Generous.

SuspiciousLikes Trusting people, In-

creases Intrigue attribute.Dislikes Suspicious people,

Decreases Diplomacy attribute,disliked by others.

Trusting.

TemperateDislikes Indulgent people.Likes Temperate people, In-

creases Health score, Piety in-crease over time.

Indulgent.

TrustingLikes Trusting people, In-

creases Diplomacy attribute,

liked by others.Dislikes Suspicious people,Decreases Intrigue attribute.

Suspicious.

Valorous:Dislikes Coward people.

Likes Valorous people, In-creases Martial attribute.Coward.

VengefulDislikes Vengeful people.Likes Forgiving people.Forgiving.

WiseLikes Wise people, Increased

Martial, Diplomacy, Intrigue andStewardship attributes.

Disliked by others, DislikesReckless people.

Reckless.

ZealousLikes Zealous people, Piety

increased over time.Dislikes Heretic and Scepti-

cal people.Sceptical and Heretic.

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Appendix BDiseasesThese are not so much traits, butrather the illnesses a Charactermay suffer from.

Effect : Describes how the dis-ease affects the Character.

IllnessThe character is sick

making them weak and feeble.Decreases health and fertil-

ity scores, decreases DiplomacyMartial, Stewardship and Intrigueattributes. This trait is a prerequi-site for other illnesses, or rather;it can develop into one of them.

ClubfootedThe character was

born with a deformed foot, of-ten considerably larger that theother foot. He will never be ableto run and a martial career is un-likely. Neither is he or she viewedas very beautiful and not consid-

ered a grand marriage prize.Disliked by others and de-

creases Martial attribute.

DepressionThe characters stress

symptom has developed into de-pression. The characters behav-ior swings wildly between nor-

mal mood and deep depression.Decreases health and fertilityscores and decreases Diplomacy,Martial, Stewardship and Intrigueattributes.

HarelipThe character was

born with a deformed upper lipthat affects their speech. Thismakes interacting with othersdifficult and the character willnot be treated well.

Disliked by others and de-creases Diplomacy attribute.

HunchbackThe character was

born with a small deformationon his back. The person is notviewed as beautiful and not con-sidered a grand marriage prize.

Disliked by others and de-creases Martial attribute.

InbredThe character is seri-

ously mentally or physically de-formed, which will make him un-able to fend for himself.

Decreases fertility score and

decreases Diplomacy, Martial,Stewardship and Intrigue attri-butes.

IntestinalWorm

The character was born with anintestinal worm that feeds on hisinner organs. If the character sur-

vives to become an adult, a veryrare phenomenon, the worm willdie, but the character will alwayshave poor health.

Decreases health and chanceto recover, increases risk ofdeath.

LeperThe characters illness

has developed into leprosy. Ex-tremities are dried out which canmake the character to lose fin-gers, toes and even limbs. Somepersons have been known toheal naturally, but how and why

is yet a mystery to medieval sci-ence.Decreases Health and Fertil-

ity scores, decreases DiplomacyMartial attributes.

LispThe character was

born with a pronounced lisp.This makes interacting with oth-ers problematic.

Disliked by others, decreasesDiplomacy at tribute.

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ManiacThe characters stress

symptom developed into insan-ity. The character creates grandi-ose plans, which he or she uses

all their energy to finish no mat-ter the cost or what anybody elsesays.

Decreases Health and Fertil-ity scores, decreases Diplomacy,Martial, Stewardship and Intrigueattributes.

PlagueInfested

The characters illness developedinto bubonic plague. He or she isseriously hampered by this verypainful and deadly illness, whichhas infected the nervous systemand produces large boils on the

body. It is contagious deadly.Decreases Health and Fertil-ity scores, decreases Diplomacy,Martial, Stewardship and Intrigueattributes.

PneumoniaThe characters illness

developed into pneumonia. Thisillness is deadly, but occasionallypeople survive.

Decreases Health and Fertil-ity scores, decreases Diplomacy,Martial, Stewardship and Intrigueattributes.

SchizophreniaThe stress symptom

of character has developed into

schizophrenia. The charactersbehavior swings between nor-mal and short periods of extremesuspicion about everything.

Decreases Health and Fertil-ity scores, decreases Diploma-cy, Martial and Stewardship at-tributes. Increases Intrigue attri-

bute.

StressSymptom

The character becomes verymoody. Sometimes his behavioris overcautious and sometimes

overactive.Decreases Health score, de-creases Diplomacy, Martial,Stewardship and Intrigue attri-butes. This trait is a prerequisitefor other mental disorders, orrather; it can develop into oneof them.

StutterThe character was

born with a harsh stutter. Thismakes interacting with othersproblematic at best.

Disliked by others, decreasesDiplomacy attribute.

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Appendix CEducationFor more information on Edu-cation, point your cursor on thesymbol for the specific Educationand wait for a short while. Thetext will appear in a mouse-overwindow. The symbol for Educa-tion is a scroll, which can be indifferent color depending on theart of the Education.

Primary Educa-tional TraitsThese are the educational traitsof the character, and affect howwell he is perceived or perceives.When a Character enters educa-tion at the age of five, on of thefollowing three paths are chosenby the player:

CourtEducation:

Increases Diplomacy, Steward-ship and Intrigue attributes.

EcclesiasticalEducation

Increases Diplomacy and In-trigue attributes.

Mar tial

educationIncreases Diplomacy and Martialattributes.

Secondary Educa-tional TraitsAt the age of 15, the Charactergains his secondary Educationtrait. This is chosen randomly

and cannot be controlled by theplayer.

AmateurishPettifogger

Decreases Martial attribute.

CharismaticNegotiator


Proven

DealbreakerIncreases Diplomacy, Steward-ship and Intrigue attributes.

GreyEminence

Increased Diplomacy, Steward-ship and Intrigue attributes.

NaiveWirepuller


Flamboyant

SchemerIncreases Diplomacy and In-trigue attributes.

IntricateWeb weaver

Increases Diplomacy, Martial,Stewardship and Intrigue at-tributes.

Illusive Shad-ow

Increases Diplomacy, Martial,Stewardship and Intrigue at-tributes.

Hole in thePocket


ProvenAccountant

Increases Diplomacy, Martial

and Intrigue attributes.

FortuneBuilder


Midas TouchedIncreases Diplomacy,

Stewardship and Intrigue at-tributes.

Misguided

WarriorIncreases Martial attribute, de-creases Stewardship attribute.

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Tough SoldierIncreases Diplomacyand Martial attributes.

KnowledgeableTactic ianIncreases Diplomacy, Martialand Intrigue attributes.

BrilliantStrategist

Increases Diplomacy, Martialand Intrigue attributes.

DetachedPriest

Increases Diplomacy at tribute,decreases Martial and Steward-ship attributes.

Mar tial ClericIncreases Diplomacy,

Martial and Intrigue attributes.

Scholarly

TheologianIncreases Diplomacy, Steward-ship and Intrigue attributes.

Master mindTheologian


SpecialTraitsThe Character can also gain Traitsunder certain circumstances.

BastardThe character is a bas-

tard, meaning that he or she wasborn outside marriage. The char-acter has a lower position thanhis or her sisters and brothers.

None.Disliked by others, decreased

Prestige, do not inherit

CanonizedWhen the character

died his virtuous life as an ex-

emplar Christian mad highertheological authority to canonizehim or her.

Piety Bonus.None.

CrusaderThe character has

taken the cross and is presentlyon crusade.

Modifier to Crusading Bonusand/or penalty.

Modifier to Crusading Bonusand/or penalty.

Excommuni-catedThe Holy Father has banned this

character from the Catholic com-munity.

None.Can be attacked easier by

others.

HereticThe character has

embraced a variant of the exist-ing religion or his region. Theyare now known as a heretic, andmembers of his old religion willhold them in contempt.

Likes Sceptical and HereticPeople.

Dislikes Zealous People, Canbe attacked easier by others.

KinslayerThe character kills off

relatives. Relatives will be veryhosti le, and others will be re-luctant to interact with the char-acter.

None.Disliked by others, decreased

Diplomacy attribute.

SaintAfter having been can-

onized the character was laterdeemed spiritual enough to at-tain the sainthood.

Advantages: Piety Bonus.None.

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Appendix DLawsTo read more about the differ-ent Laws that can be chosen, go

to the Court Screen and click oneach law. A description of the lawwill appear on the bottom of thepage. All independent rulers maydecide new laws, Vassals haveto adapt to the law of the ruler.This will clearly affect your line ofheritage, which in turn is crucial

for the gameplay. Note that yourVassals will react strongly on thelaws if changed regularly and totheir disadvantage.

InheritancelawsInheritance laws decide who

will inherit a ruler when he orshe dies. It is very important fora ruler to have an unbroken lineof heritage, if the player does nothave a proper heir when he dies,the game ends. Choosing theright inheritance law is crucial tobuilding a prosperous dynasty.

Elective LawThe strongest male vassal takesit all. Strength depends on mili-tary attribute, prestige and own-ership of provinces.

Salic ConsanguinityAll titles go to the strongest child

or if dead his oldest brother andso on. If no child can provide anheir then the strongest grand-child inherits and so on. Strengthdepends on military attribute,

prestige and ownership of prov-inces.

Salic GavelkindAll titles are divided equally be-tween all male heirs in order of

age (children and then grand-children and so on), but ignoringmales that traces through theirmothers, for example the sons ofyour daughters.

Salic PrimogenitureAll titles go to the oldest malechild or if dead his oldest male

child and so on. If oldest malechild cannot provide an heir thennext oldest male child traces theinheritance.

Semisalic Consan-guinityAll titles go to the strongest child

or if dead his oldest brother andso on. If no child can provide anheir, then the strongest grand-child inherits and so on. Notethat this allows a female to traceinheritance, though a female maynever inherit, but only pass it onto a male. Strength depends onmilitary attribute, prestige and

ownership of provinces.

Semisalic GavelkindAll titles are divided equally be-tween male heirs in order of age(children and then grandchildrenand so on).

Semisalic Primogeni-

tureAll titles go to the oldest child,or if dead his oldest child and soon. If oldest child cannot providean heir then next oldest childtraces the inheritance. Note that

this allows a female to trace in-heritance, though a female maynever inherit but only pass it onto a male.

Realm laws

The Realm laws decide whattaxes can be imposed on Vas-sals and how you can rules yourrealm. It will also define whethercertain events will occur.

Royal PrerogativeThe loyalty of a leaders vassalswill decrease over time. Your reg-

iments will tend to be heavy butmixed. The law will limit the eco-nomic sliders as follows: Scutage(Min.0 Max.100), Crown Duty(Min.50 Max.100), Census Tax(Min.25 Max.100), Tolls (Min.25Max.100).

Feudal ContractThe ruler will get tournir events,and the loyalty of his vassals willincrease over time. Your regi-ments will tend to be heavy withemphasis on knights. The lawwill limit the economic sliders asfollows: Scutage (Min.0 Max.50) ,Crown Duty (Min.0 Max.50),

Census Tax (Min.50 Max.100),Tolls (Min.50 Max.100)

Traditional CustomThe ruler will not get tournirevents, and the loyalty of his vas-sals will not be modified overtime. Your regiments will tend tobe mixed but with few knights.

The law will limit the economicsliders as follows: Scutage (Min.0Max.70), Crown Duty (Min.0Max.70), Census Tax (Min.0Max.70), Tolls (Min.0 Max.70)

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Popular LawThe ruler will not get tournirevents, and the loyalty of his vas-sals will not be modified overtime. Your regiments will tend

to be light and with emphasison Pike Men and archers. Thelaw will limit the economic slid-ers as follows: Scutage Scutage(Min.50 Max.100), Crown Duty(Min.50 Max.100), Census Tax(Min.0 Max.50), Tolls (Min.0Max.50)

Religious lawsReligious laws define the con-nection between the Church andthe ruler. It will affect the relationto the Pope and if certain eventswill occur.

Regal SupremacyEach clergy power in your prov-

inces gives you additional troops.Church Donations slider limit-ed by (Min.0 Max.80). CatholicBishops appointment chances asfollows (Ruler 80/Pope 20).

Monastic SupremacyReligious authority will fluctuatewith events and rulers will get nousury events. Each clergy powerin your provinces gives you extragold instead of troops. Monaster-ies and Templar houses will becheaper. Church Donations slid-er limited by (Min.50 Max.100).Catholic Bishops appointmentchances as follows (Ruler 30/

Pope 70).

Ecclesial BalanceReligious authority will be under-mined over time with events andthe ruler will get no usury events.

Each clergy power in your prov-inces gives you some gold andsome troops. Church Dona-tions slider limited by (Min.30Max.70). Catholic Bishops ap-pointment chances as follows(Ruler 50/Pope 50).

Church SupremacyEvents will strengthen religiousauthority over time, and the rul-er will ban usury events. Clergypower in your provinces givesyou neither gold nor troops.Churches and Cathedrals will becheaper. Church Donations slid-er limited by (Min.70 Max.100).Catholic Bishops appointmentchances as follows (Ruler 0/Pope 100).

Appendix EAdvancesThe technological advancesduring the Medieval Age werespread between regions rath-er than researched. You can in-crease the speed of advances bybuilding schools and universities

and somewhat affect what ad-vances are made through click-ing the chosen Advance in theRealm Screen and confirm it byclicking the seal at the bottom.

There are three main fields inwhich Advances can be made:

Military Culture Economy

Every advance can be developedin five steps, getting better for

each step. These different ad-vances are described in more de-tail below:

MilitaryadvancesAdvances in Military gives attackand defense bonuses for differ-ent troop types depending onadvances made.

BowsAccurate long distance weapons

will provide your archers andhorse archers with significant bo-nuses in battles.

1 Short BowThis weapon is made out ofwood, easy to use, and quick tofire. It had a short range and poorarmor piercing capabilities.

2 Long BowMade out of wood and moder-ately easy to use. It was quick tofire, had medium range, good ar-mor penetration capabilities.

3 Composite BowThis weapon is made out ofwood, horn, and sinew and mod-

erately easy to use. It was quickto fire, had a long range, and waseffec tive against armor.

4 Reinforced LongBowThis weapon was made out ofwood, horn, sinew and rein-forced with steel and was rather

cumbersome to use. Its rate offire was rather slow, but it hadvery long range and a very goodpunch against armor.

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5 Marksman LongBowConstructed like the reinforcedLong Bow, its rate of fire is veryslow, but it can hit targets at ex-

treme ranges with excellent ac-curacy and armor penetration.

CastlesCastles are not only excellent forprotection against siege; they willalso provide a bonus for prestigeand loyalty from the Nobles.

1 Hill FortThe hill fort was often builtaround the ruins of elder forti-fications. They were often verysmall but made maximum use ofthe terrain.

2 Small CastleThe small cast le was built around

the foundations of a hill fort. Theywere often rather small but had agarrison all through the year. Anyruler who was anyone had tohave at least a small castle.

3 Medium CastleThe medium castle was oftenbuilt around the foundations of a

small castle. They were often ofaverage size with a small hamletwithin its walls and had a garri-son all through the year.

4 Large CastleThe large castle was often builtaround the foundations of a me-dium castle. The castles were

large with a small town withinits wall, and had a large, profes-sional garrison. It was durableand could withstand prolongedsieges.

5 Huge CastleThe huge castle was often builtaround the foundations of alarge castle. They were oftenhuge complexes with a small

domain within its wall and hada very large garrison all throughthe year. It had enormous dura-bility and was nigh on impossi-ble to take for anything but Kingsand Emperors.

Chain ArmourApart from providing defense foryour foot soldiers and knights inbattle, Chain.

1 Chained LeatherThis is a leather suit with stringsof chains attached to make itwithstand slashes. This is thebest armor within the leather

class.2 Light Chain MailThis is a light hauberk made ofsmall chains that protected thetorso.

3 Chain MailThis is a hauberk made of chains.The torso and arms are protect-ed by leather, the chest by chainmail.

4 Full Chain MailThis is the full suit made of smallchains covering the entire body.

5 Plated Chain MailThis is a full suit made of small

chains covering all parts of thebody. To this armor plates havebeen added to protect parts ofthe torso.

CrossbowsPowerful at a long distance witha deadly accuracy, Crossbowswill provide a significant bonusfor your archers.

1 Sling JavelinThis is basically a thrown shortspear empowered with a logsling to increase thrust powerand range. It was normally usedin one volley against the ene-my. After slinging the javelin, thethrowers fought in melee.

2 Light CrossbowsA wooden weapon that was easyto use and quick to fire. It had amedium range and limited ar-mor piercing capabilities.

3 Medium CrossbowThis weapon is made of woodand sinew. Although easy to use

it was slow to fire. It had a longrange and a good punch againstarmor.

4 Heavy CrossbowThis weapon is a composition ofwood, iron, and sinew. Easy touse, but slow to fire, the cross-bow possesses a long range and

packs a good punch against ar-mor.

5 Arbalest

Crush WeaponsAdvances in this field of dead-ly weapons will give a bonus tolight cavalry and heavy infantry.

1 Hand AxeThis is the smallest of crushweapons. It is easy to use andalso has slashing qualities that

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makes it an excellent weapon forlighter units.

2 War HammerThis is a light crush weapon. It iseasy to use and doesnt require

special training. It is especially ef-fective against heavily armoredopponents and often used by in-fantry.

3 MaceThis is a medium crush weapon.It is easy to use and doesnt re-quire special training. It is espe-cially good against heavily ar-mored opponents and was oftenused by infantry.

4 Morning StarThis was a heavy crush weapon.It was cumbersome to swing andrequired special training to mas-

ter. It was, however, especiallygood against heavily armoredopponents and often used by in-fantry.

5 Battle AxeThis is a heavy crush weapon. Itis cumbersome to use and needspecial training. It is especially

good against heavily armoredopponents and often used byinfantry. This is the best crushweapon.

Defensive TacticsSometimes defending is the bestway to attack. Taking advantageof terrain and organizing your

armies correctly will provide notonly strengthen morale, but alsoincrease the Shock score.

1 Defensive TerrainThis tactic involved training unitsto take advantage of defensiveterrain. It also included scout-ing and using specially prepared

equipment.2 Positional CombatThis tactic made it easy to de-fend a smaller area by defendinga chain of positions with earth-works and poles.

3 Missile BarrageArchers drilled and disciplinedin releasing barrages of arrowsor bolts onto the onrushing en-emies. The effect could be dev-astating and was much more ef-fective that the fire-at-will tactic.

4 Drilled Pike MenThis tactic involved training and

drilling the Pike Men in units.These units could march into po-sition, stop, and become islandfortresses in the sea of battle.They worked in squares and hadgreat stopping power against in-fantrymen and cavalry alike.

5 Unit Organization

This was the changing of themasses of infantry into organizedmilitary units. Instead of being amob they worked in unison withmuch Increases efficiency.

Leather ArmourEasy and flexible, the Leather Ar-

mour provided a good protec-tion for all types of units.

1 Soft LeatherThis is a leather suit softened byoil to let the warrior keep his mo-

bility. It only stopped the weak-est strikes or punctures.

2 Reinforced LeatherThis is a leather suit softenedwith so as not to hinder the war-

rior in battle. It is reinforced withpadding to give better protectionagainst blows and punctures.

3 Boiled LeatherThis is a leather suit softened byoil to let the warrior and thenboiled to make it stiff. It stopsmore strikes and punctures thanits softer cousins at the expenseof agility, but is still inferior tochain mail.

4 Rigid LeatherThis was a leather suit softenedby oil to let the warrior fit the ma-terial, and then boiled for a shorttime to make it stiffer, and then

reinforced with padding. It wasas effec tive as boiled leather butdid not hamper agility as much.

5 Scaled LeatherThis is a leather suit made bytaking small scales of first classleather and boiling them for avery long time and then adding

them together on padding. Thisis the premier leather armor andmore effective than even somechain mail.

Offensive TacticsLearning how to command andattack is a basis for succeedingin battle. It will strengthen mo-

rale along your lines and also in-crease the Shock attack score.

1 Offensive TerrainThis tactic evolved by trainingthe units to take advantage of of-

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fensive terrain. It included scout-ing and using specially preparedequipment.

2 Frontal ChargeThis tactic used the shock power

of massed cavalry.3 ReservesThis tactic involved keeping asmall reserve at hand that couldbe used to change the balance atkey points in the battle.

4 Dismounted

KnightsIncluded training knights as in-fantrymen. This made their em-ployment more flexible. Theknights superior morale and skillmade them excellent multipur-pose units.

5 Hierarchic Com-

mandThis evolved from the need forclear battlefield leadership. Nowa hierarchic command systemwas implemented where eachman knew is place and disobey-ing orders meant a quick and dis-graceful death.

Piercing WeaponsBeing a weapon mainly for PikeMen and Knights, the deadlypiercing weapons will providebonuses for these units in battle.

1 Long SpearThis was a standard medium-piercing weapon. It was easy touse and didnt need special train-ing. It was also a good weaponagainst a mounted opponent.

2 PikeThis was an advanced mediumpierce weapon. It was easy to usebut required special training. Itwas a very good weapon against

mounted opponents.3 LanceA lance is an advanced mediumpierce weapon. It is rather easyto use but the wielder neededspecial training. It is a very goodweapon against dismounted op-ponents and is therefore primar-

ily used by heavy cavalry.4 Pole ArmThis was a heavy pierce weap-on. It was an excellent weaponagainst mounted opponents.

5 Heavy LanceThis is a heavy pierce weapon.

It proved excellent against dis-mounted opponents.

Plate ArmourHeaviest of the Armour Types,the Plate will give a defense bo-nus to Knights and Heavy Caval-ry in battle.

1 Scale MailThis is a leather suite with armorplates added to it to give extraprotection for the torso, biceps,and thighs.

2 Banded MailAn armored leather suite that hasarmor plates crafted in circlesaround the body. The protec-

tion is very good, but it leaves ex-posed areas and decreases agil-ity extensively.

3 Half PlateThis is a chain mail suite with ar-mor plates added to give extraprotection for the torso, biceps,and thighs.

4 Plate MailThis is a plate mail suite where allplates are put to work in unisonwith normal bodily movement.It covers head, torso, biceps, andthighs, while the rest of the bodyis covered by chain mail.

5 Full PlateThis is a plate mail suite where allplates are put to work in unisonwith normal bodily movement. Itcovers the whole body.

Siege EquipmentIn order to efficiently forcingwalls and towers, Siege equip-

ment was built.Siege Equipment gives a bonusto Siege.

1 Battering RamThis is the most basic piece ofsiege equipment. It consists of alarge wooden pole which is usedto batter down a section of the

wall or if possible the castle en-trance.

2 Siege LaddersThese are tall ladders that areraised against the castle wall toenable the attacker to overrunthe castle defenders on top ofthe wall.

3 Siege TowersThese where tall structures in theform of an armored siege ladder

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that protected soldiers from ar-chers.

4 MangonelA Mangonel is a medium sizedcatapult used to throw large

rocks against a castle wall andbreak it. It can also be used forthrowing burning material or dis-ease stricken animals/corpses in-side the castle to weaken the de-fenders.

5 TrebuchetThis is a large catapult used tothrow large rocks against thecastle wall in order to break in.It could also be used for toss-ing burning material or diseasestricken animals/corpses overthe wall to weaken the defend-ers.

Slash WeaponsSwords being one of the maincharacteristics of a true Knight,Slash Weapons has come tosymbolize medieval warfaremore than other types of arms.They give a bonus to Knights,Light Cavalry and Heavy Infantryin battle.

1 Short SwordThis is the smallest slash weapon.This one-handed blade is readilyused with a shield for extra pro-tection. It was the classical in-fantry melee weapon developedfrom the Roman Spaeta.

2 Broad SwordThis is the standard medium-damage slash weapon. This one-handed blade is easily used to-gether with a shield for extra pro-tection. The broader and slight-

ly longer blade gives its wielderbetter reach than the wielder ofthe short sword.

3 Long SwordThis is the supreme medium

slash weapon. This one-handedblade is easily used together witha shield for extra protection. Thelonger blade gave its wielder bet-ter reach and balance than thewielder of the broad sword.

4 Bastard SwordThis is the most flexible medium-

heavy slash weapon. This blade iseasily used together with a shieldfor extra protection if used one-handed and will then have bet-ter punch than the long sword. Ifused two-handed, a shield is nolonger an option, but the powerof its strikes will rival those of thegreat sword.

5 Great SwordThis is the supreme slash weap-on. This blade is easily used two-handed; a shield is no longer anoption. None but the great axeand the heavy lance rival thepower of its strikes.

CulturalAdvancesCultural advances are made invarious fields such as customs,religion and art. Advances withinthe field of Culture normally af-fect the loyalty of the stands, but

Noble CustomsLearning to act and think like aNobleman is not only important,but will also increase the loyaltyof your nobles.

1 Divine RightsMembers of the nobility enjoyedspecial legal status and had im-munity from almost all outsideauthorities. They were also the

protectors and arbiter of thosewho worked.

2 Chronicle WritingThis was often official historywriting, but to call it history in amodern sense would be quitewrong, as there was no, or verylittle, critique of sources. Most

often this was the ideologicalpropaganda of the medieval era.

3 Romantic PoetryRomantic poetry had its origin inthe tough consequences of for-mal marriages. Thus this formof poetry

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