march 2005 mobide research group location-aware computing (cse750) spring 2005 2005. 3. 9 sanghyun...

March 2005 MobiDE Research Group

Location-Aware Computing (CSE750) Spring 2005

2005. 3. 9SangHyun Park

MobiDE (Mobile Data Engineering) Research GroupDept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Korea University

2 March 2005 MobiDE Research Group

Contents

Part 1 : LBS Application Chapter 1 : General Aspect of Location-Based Services

Introduction Usage Areas of LBS LBS Application Taxonomy LBS and Privacy LBS Markets and Customer Segaments The LBS Communication Model and Related Industry Issues


1.1 Introduction

Location service Defined as services that integrate a mobile device’s

location or position with other information so as to provide added value to a user


1.1 Introduction

Traditional positioning systems (1970s ~ 1980s) GPS (global positioning system)

A satellite infrastructure serving the positioning of people and object

Location information has typically been derived by a device and with the help of a satellite system (i.e., a GPS receiver)


1.1 Introduction

Location-based services (1990s ~ ) A new type of localization technology and new market

interest in data services was sparked by mobile network operator

User location is an important dimension in a new data-service world

Data service as SMS is becoming popular. 1st Voice, 2nd Data and 3rd Location (3rd assets)


1.2 Usage Areas of LBS

Military and government industries Satellite based GPS allows for precise localization of

people and objects of up to 3 meters or more of accuracy Emergency services

When placing an emergency call from a mobile phone, a caller’s phone position is automatically transmitted to the closest emergency station



Commercial use of positioning information Marketers have been unsure what kind of accuracy level

would be sufficient to consumer and business services It is necessary to consider accuracy level for different

types of application Location information can be integrated into many

existing and new application that enhance current value proposition and usability



Accuracy Levels for different types of application


1.3 LBS Application Taxonomy

Person-oriented LBS All of those application where a service is user-based The focus of application use is to position a person or to

use the position of a person to enhance a service The person located can control the service (e.g., friend

finder application)



Device-oriented LBS Instead of only a person, an object (e.g., a car) or a group

of people (e.g., a fleet) could also be located The person or object located is usually not controlling

the service (e.g., car tracking for theft recovery)



Push services The user receives information as a results of his or her

whereabouts without having to actively request it The information may be sent to the user with prior

consent or without prior consent e.g.,an advertising welcome message sent to the user

upon entering a new town



Pull services A user actively uses an application, “pulls” information

from the network e.g.,finding the nearest cinema



Categories and examples of LBS applications


1.4 LBS and Privacy

Many studies shows that consumer care about their privacy and intrusion

Location-based spam message may occur and intrude on people’s privacy


1.4 LBS and Privacy

EU Commission regulate push message that are “unsolicited” (Directive 2002/58/EC)

Vodafone has defined strict requirement regarding the privacy management capability of its location middleware technology


1.4 LBS and Privacy

Privacy Management Code of Practice (Vodafone) Two types of location services

Active services, the end user initiates the location request (e.g., information services such as Find My Nearest Cinema)

Passive services, a third party finds out an indivisual at the request of another (e.g, friend finder services, location-based gaming, fleet management)

Passive services imply a higher risk of misuse by end user and application service provider


1.4 LBS and Privacy

Privacy Management Code of Practice (Vodafone) Vodafone imposes stricter requirements in Passive services

Explicit and written capture of consent of the locatee (request receiver)

Clear information of the locator (request sender) prior to consent Explicit and repeated notification of location requests happening Direct access of the locatee to a site that specifies who has the

right to position oneself A direct and easy way to cancel a passive service


1.5 LBS Markets and Customer Segments

Location as a mean to enable services Improve usability of existing services Develop new service concepts

Location markets Vertical market Horizontal market



Vertical market Mobile location information is an integral part of the

business e.g., Taxi companies, Airports, police



Horizontal market Use of mobile location information is a new and added

value to existing services Horizontal markets offer a big business potential for

operators and third-party application developers e.g., child tracking, asset tracking, tourist industry



Location market and segments


1.6 The LBS Communication model and related industry issues

General LBS communication model



Positioning layer Positioning layer responsible for calculating the position

of a mobile device or user with the help of position determination equipment (PDE) and geospatial data in a GIS

Application layer Comprise all of services that request location data to

integrate it into their offering



Middleware layer More LBS applications are being launched, many

network operators have put a middleware layer between the positioning and application layer

Middleware layer can reduce the complexity of service integration

Saves time and cost for application integration Location middleware can be used to manage

interoperability between network for location data



Application integration with or without middleware

March 2005 MobiDE Research Group

Location-Aware Computing (CSE750) Spring 2005

2005. 3. 9SangHyun Park

MobiDE (Mobile Data Engineering) Research GroupDept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Korea University


Contents

Part 1 : LBS Application Chapter 2 : Development of the Find Friend Application

Background LBS Platform Consideration AT&T’s Find Friend Application


2.1 Background

Location-based applications are one of the most anticipated new segments of the mobile industry


2.1 Background

Mobile friend finder service 2001, AT&T Wireless created the first Find Friend

application The goal was to provide enhanced LBS solution for

people to stay in touch with their friends and family, to be able to find one another, to get directions to local shops and restaurants


2.1 Background

Capabilities of Find friend application Deliver relevant user information about the location Calculate driving directions from a mobile cell phone

position to an address or point-to-interest (POI) Provide for selection of a business POI meeting place

between two mobile cell phone positions Provide for selection of a business POI in proximity to a

mobile phone position


2.2 LBS Platform Considerations

Two area that contribute to the quality of results from LBS application The Mapping data The LBS Engine software



Data Capture and Collection LBS application use information from several content

databases The road network (digital maps) Business and landmark information (Yellow Pages, POI

information) Dynamic data (traffic, weather reports)



Digital Road Databases Building LBS application starts with the collection of

road data Map database vendor collect and convert raw geographic

content into digital formats



Point of Interest Information Mobile concierge-type services help users locate

businesses near specified location (e.g., “Where is the airport?, “Where is the nearest gas station?”)

Concierge application use business and landmark information that has been compiled into POI databases



Point of Interest Information POI database contain the kind of detailed information

typically found in a phone directory and add value to the map database’s geographic content

Integrating the map database with the POI database create a detailed, digital representation of the road network and business services



Dynamic data Daily traffic conditions cannot be coded into a map

database a priori Well-designed Location Engines are designed to work

with dynamic data and use it to existing map information



The Location Engine Location Engine contains the software components that

add intelligence to digital map data Software functions such as geocoding, reverse

geocoding and routing are key technologies



Kivera’s Location Engine architecture



Geocoding and reverse geocoding Geocoding

Converts a street address to a latitude/longitude position so it can be accurately placed on a map

Reverse geocoding The process of deriving the location of the nearest road segment

to a point with a specified longitude/latitude



Routing Routing is the technique of calculating the optimal

course, based on specific criteria, between an origin and destination

The speed and quality of route generation is one of the hallmarks of great LBS engines



Proximity searches Proximity searches use POI database information to find

businesses or landmark near a specified location Users can search for locations of ATMs, gas station,

restaurant, hotels, or others



The LBS Platform The map database, POI database, geocoding, and routing

software form the basic components of LBS applications


2.3 AT&T Find Friend Application

User Interface Offer a simple, WAP browser-like interface for

accessing all of the Find Friend functionality


2.3 AT&T Find Friend Application

Find Friend Core Functionality Geocoding/reverse geocoding Phone location display Driving directions Point-of-interest (POI) search by proximity Neighborhood search by proximity Determine city/neighborhood between two positions Search for all friends


2.4 Conclusion

Future mobile devices will be used more frequently to access dynamic and personal, geo-relevant content

LBS technology and application will be a key driver of the mobile service market

march 2005 mobide research group location-aware computing (cse750) spring 2005 2005. 3. 9 sanghyun...

Documents

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lbs applicationchapter

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objectlocation information

itthe information

mobile devices location