march 2013 doc.: ieee 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz launching project: ieee p802.15 … · 2013-03-20 ·...
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NetworksProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NetworksProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)(WPANs)
Submission Title: Launching a Study Group on THzDate Submitted: 18. March 2013Source: Thomas Kürner Company TU BraunschweigAddress Schleinitzstr. 22, D-38092 Braunschweig, GermanyVoice:+495313912416 FAX: +495313915192 E-Mail: t kuerner@tu-bs deVoice:+495313912416, FAX: +495313915192, E-Mail: [email protected]: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-00-0thz_Launching (Presented to IEEE 802.15 IG THz)
Ab t t Thi d t f ll th di i t th i IEEE 802 l ' i i ffAbstract: This documents follows the discussions at the previous IEEE 802 plenary's on spinning off a Study Group on THz Communications. To start this process a proposal is made to focus first on the application of THz Communications at wireless data centers. The documents concludes with a proposal for a roadmap on creating a study group.p g y g p
Purpose: Information of 802.15 SC WNGNotice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for disc ssion and is not binding on the contrib ting indi id al(s) or organi ation(s) The material in thisdiscussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of
Submission Thomas Kürner (TU Braunschweig) et. al.Slide 1
g p p p yIEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Launching a Study Group on THzLaunching a Study Group on THzCommunications
Thomas KürnerThomas KürnerTU Braunschweig
Chair IEEE 802.15 IG THz
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Outline
• Motivation for this PresentationB i f i ti l d t t f th t i TH• Brief review on rationale and state of the art in THz Communications
• Application of THz Communications to Wireless Data• Application of THz Communications to Wireless Data Centers
• Next Steps / Roadmap to create a SG• Next Steps / Roadmap to create a SG
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Motivation for this Presentation
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Motivation for this Presentation
• State of discussion at previous sessions of IG THz:Technology has made significant progress– Technology has made significant progress
– Discussion on various applications and usage models– The idea to spin-off a SG on THz Communcations has beenThe idea to spin off a SG on THz Communcations has been
discussed intensively
• Situation on standard development THzCommunications may be a bit different from otherstandards:
For the time being development of THz communcations is– For the time being development of THz communcations istechnology driven and not pushed from market requirements
– This is a technology getting more and more mature, but what
Submission
will be the appropriate application to start with?Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
B d C diti “ f St tiMarch 2013
„Boundary Conditions“ for Starting a Study Group (1/2)y p ( )
• The only task for a SG is to– Write a PARWrite a PAR– Write a document on 5C
• We should start a SG only when we have confidence that we are able to successfully produce a PAR and 5C document
• Therefore the following pre-requisits should be fulfilled– The selected application has to attract interest in industry. This
h b t if thi t h l h l t l l ldhappens best, if this new technology helps to solve a real-worldproblem
– Technology should be mature enough to master the complextityi d b th ti l diti f ifi li ti
Submission
imposed by the operational conditions of a specific application
Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
B d C diti “ f St tiMarch 2013
„Boundary Conditions“ for Starting a Study Group (2/2)y p ( )
• Starting a SG on a specific application does not mean the end of the IG THzthe IG THz
– The IG THz will continue its work creating opportunities to spin-off in the future. New SGs on other applications and operational environments may follow.
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Brief review on rationale and state of theBrief review on rationale and state of theart in THz Communcations
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
E l ti f D t R t i Wi lMarch 2013
Evolution of Data Rates in Wireless
60 GH St d d l d l t d bl d t t f 6 7 Gbit/• 60 GHz Standards already completed enable data rates of 6-7 Gbit/s• Assuming the development observed in the past years extrapolate into
the future we will see wireless 100 Gbit/s around the 2020
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 9
Source: based on IEEE 802.15-12-0320-02-0000-Tutorial_IGthz
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
P i i l P ibiliti t hiMarch 2013
Principle Possibilities to achieveWireless 10x Gbpsp
• Further development of 60 GHz systems byenhancing spectral efficiencies (15 bps/Hz to achieveenhancing spectral efficiencies (15 bps/Hz to achieve100 Gbps with 7 GHz bandwidth)
• Use FSO or IR solutions (eye safety, modulation and cost issues at least with some applications?)cost issues at least with some applications?)
• Use more spectrum and apply moderate spectralUse more spectrum and apply moderate spectral efficiencies => enough frequency spectrum available beyond 300 GHz only
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
St t f th t i t h l f THMarch 2013
State of the art in technology for THzCommunications (1/2)( )
• > 20 Gbps have been demonstrated by variousgroupsgroups– Song et. al. [1] demonstrated 24 Gbit/s at 300 GHz using an
electro-optical transmitter and an electronic receiver.– Kallfass, Antes et al [2,3] demonstrated 25 Gbps at 220 GHz
over a distance of 10 m using InP/GaAs based MMIC technologytechnology
• CMOS solutions at THz frequencies are challengingq g g– However, first approaches are promising and show a clear
potential (see e. g. 15-12-0621-00-0thz_THz_CMOS)
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
St t f th t i t h l f THMarch 2013
State of the art in technology for THzCommunications (2/2)( )
• Current demonstrations are focussing on point-to-point links onlypoint links only.
• Many applications require automatic beamsteeringcapabilitiescapabilities.
• Beamsteering has not been demonstrated yet (firstprojects targeting this may start soon)projects targeting this may start soon)
• First systems to be standardised should not requirefull beamsteering capabilities.g p
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
M M k t N M M k tMarch 2013
Mass Market vs. Non-Mass Market Applicationspp
• Yet the more expensive compound semiconductor technology(InP,GaN,GaAs) seems to be mature enough.(InP,GaN,GaAs) seems to be mature enough.– Expensive technologies might be feasible for non-mass-market
applications onlyWillingness to pay for performance is necessary– Willingness to pay for performance is necessary
• Cheaper CMOS technology can provide solutions in the futureas well.– This will pave the way for mass-market applications targeting
consumer electronics.
• From a technology point of view applications not targeting theconsumer market seems to be more appropriate to start with
Submission
consumer market seems to be more appropriate to start with.
Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
R l t Sit ti (1/3)March 2013
ITU Radio Regulations Footnote 5 565:
Regulatory Situation (1/3)ITU Radio Regulations Footnote 5.565:The frequency band 275-1000 GHz may be used by administrations for experimentation with, and development of, various active and passive services.services.
- Radio astronomy service: 275-323 GHz, 327-371 GHz, 388-424 GHz, [...]- Earth exploration-satellite service and space research service 275-Earth exploration satellite service and space research service 275277 GHz, 294-306 GHz, 316-334 GHz, [...]
Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these i i f h f l i t fpassive services from harmful interference.
Two options for THz communications:1 Transmission in remaining free parts of the THz1. Transmission in remaining free parts of the THz
spectrum2. Coexistent spectrum usage with radio
astronomy/earth exploration
Submission
astronomy/earth exploration
Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 14
Source: based on IEEE 802.15-12-0320-02-0000-Tutorial_IGthz
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
R l t Sit ti (2/3)March 2013
1 Transmission in remaining bands only
Regulatory Situation (2/3)R i i T t l il bl1. Transmission in remaining bands only
• Very small bandwidths• Distributed over entire THz range
RemainingFrequency
Bands
Total availableBandwidth
286-294 GHz 8 GHz Not feasible for data rates >> 10 Gbit/s
2 Coexistent spectrum usage
286 294 GHz 8 GHz307-313 GHz 6 GHz356-361 GHz 5 GHz366-369 GHz 3 GHz2. Coexistent spectrum usage
• Potential interference of active THz systems with radio astronomy
366-369 GHz 3 GHz392-397 GHz 5 GHz399-409 GHz 10 GHz411 416 GHz 5 GHz radio astronomy
spaceborne THz sensors
Interference investigations inevitable f t d di ti t l ith th
411-416 GHz 5 GHz434-439 GHz 5 GHz467-477 GHz 10 GHz502 523 GH 21 GHfor standardization to comply with the
ITU Radio Regulations502-523 GHz 21 GHz527-538 GHz 11 GHz581-611 GHz 30 GHz
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 15
Source: IEEE 802.15-12-0320-02-0000-Tutorial_IGthz
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Regulatory Situation (3/3)
• Using large bandwidths (in the order of 20-50 GHz) for THz Communications require the sharing offor THz Communications require the sharing of spectrum with passive services.
• Developing appropriate measures to avoidinterference to passive services is obligatory.interference to passive services is obligatory.
• Applications in indoor and shielded environmentsApplications in indoor and shielded environmentsinherently avoid interference.
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
P ibl U M d l d A li tMarch 2013
Possible Usage Models and Applicatonsfor THz Communications
• „Fixed“ THz links withlimited beamsteering
• „Mobile“ THzWLAN/WPANs with full limited beamsteering
– Multi-processor gamingstations
active beamsteeringand phase control
– 4kx4k TV/in-roomentertainment links
– Business kiosk video
– In-room multi userWLANS
– Pedestrian plazas in – Business kiosk videodownload
– Backhauling for cellulart k
Pedestrian plazas in buildings
– Broadband stadiumnetworks
– Server farms (wirelessdata centers)
access– Automotive/Rail/Aircraft/
Applications
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 17
)ppSource: based on 15-12-0652-01-0thz-discussion-document
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
H b t d l i TH t d dMarch 2013
How about developing a THz standardfor wireless data centers?
• Wireless data centers
– are non-mass market applications, where compoundsemiconductor devices may be used and customers have a willingness to pay for performance and to simplify theirnetwork complexity
– do require limited beamfoming capabilities only (at the time– do require limited beamfoming capabilities only (at the time of system reconfiguration)
– are operated in shielded rooms and make it easy to share i h i ispectrum with passive services
• But does THz Communications help to solve real-world problems there?
Submission
world problems there?
Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Application of THz Communications toApplication of THz Communications toWireless Data Centers
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Today‘s situation at data centers
• Due to rapid data explosion more data centers are required• Data intensive systems may have hundreds of thousands of• Data intensive systems may have hundreds of thousands of
computers yielding enourmous requirements for aggregatenetwork bandwidth
I 2009 G l h d 10 ili– In 2009 Google had 10 milion servers– Microsoft had 50000+ servers in their data centers
• Architecture design of the data center is critical to the total performance
– Requirements for easy reconfiguration
• Cabling complexityCabling complexity– Intensive cabling introduces problems like connecting efforts, maintenance
and cooling
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 20
Source: [4]
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
Addi i l i t ti t d tMarch 2013
Adding wireless interconnections to datacenters
• With pure wire solutions dynamic reconfiguration of data centersis not easyis not easy
• Wireless connections in the data center may help both in achieving easier dynamic reconfigurability and reduce cabling.
• [4] propses a hybrid solution consisting of both wired andwireless connections
• In [5] a wireless data center based on IEEE 802.15.3c is[5] a e ess data ce te based o 80 5 3c sproposed.
• [6] mentions explictly THz frequencies to increase bandwidthand proposes out of band lower frequency channels based onand proposes out-of-band lower frequency channels based on IEEE 802.11s
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Example of a wireless data center
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
S ti f i l tiMarch 2013
Some properties of wireless connectionsin data centers
• Beamsteering and high gain antennas enhancespectral efficiency and reduce collision probabalityspectral efficiency and reduce collision probabality.
• Steered-beem control is optimized during systeminitialisation and stored until next systeminitialisation and stored until next systemreconfiguration
• Due to lower transmission range and high penetrationDue to lower transmission range and high penetrationlosses, high frequencies can enhance security
• In [7] 3D beamsteering using the ceiling as a passive [ ] g g g prelay is proposed to overcome potential shadowing by racks
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 23
Source: [6]
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
I li ti th li ti fMarch 2013
Implications on other applications forTHz Comunications
• Standardization of a THz systems suitable forwireless data centers can pave the way for otherwireless data centers can pave the way for otherapplications, e.g. wireless backhauling and intra-device communication
• All these applications may be grouped together by a standard on „Beam switchable wireless point-to-point 40/100 Gbps links“
• Availability of cheaper CMOS technology will enablethe adoption of the standard to nomadic mass-marketapplications, e. g. gaming
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
U C R di Ch l C ditiMarch 2013
Use Case Radio Channel Conditions1.) Fixed li k
2.) Data t
3.) Intrad i
4.) Kiosk 5.) WPAN 6.) WLANlinks center
linksdevice
Multipathpropagation
None High; sup-pressible
Low Medium-highpropagation pressibleDynamics None Low Medium
Control over High Medium Noneenvironmentand TX/RX placementB O d i t l N t I iti l li t dBeam alignment
Once during setup; manual Not necessary
Initial alignment andtracking; automatic
Multiplestations
No Yes, time multiplex
No No Yesstations multiplexAccess Possible in THz band Via conventional radio technology
T ( ) N d i b T ( ) D i bT (b) T ( )
Submission Sebastian Priebe, TU BraunschweigSlide 25
Type (a): No dynamic beam alignment, THz access,
point-to-point
Type (c): Dynamic beam alignment, conventional
access, multi-user
Type (b): Type (a)+ conventionalradio access
Source: IEEE 802.15-15-13-0119-00-0thz
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
Next Steps / Roadmap to create a SG
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_Launching
N t St t d SG THMarch 2013
Next Steps towards a SG on THzCommunications
• More participation from industry on this topic is required• Possible measures to attract more industrial participation• Possible measures to attract more industrial participation
– Preparing a Call for Interest on „ Beam switchable wireless point-to-point 40/100 Gbps links“E l th ibiliti th IEEE I d t C ti ff– Explore the possibilities the IEEE Industry Connection offers
– Explore possibilities to engage IWPC• Preparing a White Paper p g p• If enough interest is created, the IG THz should consider to
make a motion at the July 2013 Plenary to spin-off a Study Group on Beam switchable wireless point to point 40/100Group on „ Beam switchable wireless point-to-point 40/100 Gbps links“
Submission Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-13-0130-01-0thz_LaunchingMarch 2013
List of References[1] H. J. Song et. al., „24 Gbit/s data transmission in 300 GHz band for future
terahertz communications“, Electronic Letters, 1th July 2012, Vol. 48, No.15 [2] I. Kallfass et. al., “All Active MMIC Based Wireless Communication at 220 GHz, [ ] , ,
"IEEE Trans. on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 477-487, Nov. 2011
[3] J. Antes et. al. ,”MMIC based wireless data transmission of a 12.5 Gbit/s signal G C C fusing a 220 GHz carrier,"in Proc. European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conf.,
Manchester, pp. 238-241, 2011[4] Kaishun Wu, „Rethinking the architecture design of data center networks”, Front.
Comp Science Review Article 2012 (9 pages)Comp. Science, Review Article, 2012 (9 pages)[5] H. Vardhan, Wireless Data Center with Millimeter Wave Network, Proc. IEEE
Goecom 2010[6] Katayama Y Takano K Kohda Y Ohba N Nakano “Wireless data center[6] Katayama Y, Takano K, Kohda Y, Ohba N, Nakano, Wireless data center
networking with steered-beam mmwave links”, in: Proceeding of 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. 2011, pp. 2179–2184
[7] Zhang W et. Al, „3D beamforming for wireless data centers”, in Proceedings of
Submission
[ ] g g gthe 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 2011
Thomas Kürner, TU BraunschweigSlide 28