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doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: A Japanese Activity on 300-GHz CMOS TransmittersDate Submitted: 6 May 2017Source: Iwao Hosako, contributors of the research are listed in “Contributors” slideCompany: NICT, Hiroshima UniversityAddress 4-2-1, Nukuikita, Koganei, 184-8795, Tokyo, JapanVoice: + 81 42 327 6824, FAX: +81 42 327 6669 , E-Mail: [email protected]: []

Abstract: A 300GHz CMOS transmitters (TXs) in 40nm CMOS is presented. With the fmax being below 300GHz, it adopts a new PA-less QAM-capable architecture employing the “cubic mixer” and “square mixer”. The output powers of 300GHz CMOS TXs by cubic-mixer- and square-mixer-last architectures are −14.5 and −5.5 dBm, and the data rates of them demonstrate 17.5Gb/s/ch 16QAM transmission over 6 channels and 105Gb/s 32QAM transmission over a single channel, respectively. Purpose: []Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Slide 1

May 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 2

IntroductionMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

• Purpose of this talk is to introduce a Japanese activity on 300-GHz silicon CMOS transmitters and their wireless demonstrations.

• The introduced work was performed by contributors listed in the next slide and financially supported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan.

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 3

List of Contributors Kyoya Takano (Hiroshima University) Kosuke Katayama (Hiroshima University) Ruibing Dong (Hiroshima University) Shuhei Amakawa (Hiroshima University) Takeshi Yoshida (Hiroshima University) Minoru Fujishima (Hiroshima University) Shinsuke Hara (NICT) Akifumi Kasamatsu (NICT)

May 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 4

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

• Background of 300GHz wireless communication

• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture

[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture

[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017

• Performance comparison

• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs

• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 5

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT







• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 6

Atmospheric window and frequency allocation above 175 GHz

https://www.ntia.doc.gov/page/2011/united-states-frequency-allocation-chart

Vast unallocated frequency band lying above 275GHz

NICT Amaterasu:https://smiles-p6.nict.go.jp/thz/jp/decay.html,

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330

Atm

osph

eric

loss

(dB/

km)

Frequency [GHz]300

Atmospheric window

325183 200 250

Allocated Unallocated

300275

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


Possible applications of 300GHz wireless communication

Ultrahigh-speed wireless communications8K broadcasting

THz communication with super computer in outer space

THz communication withcold storage center on outer space

Enormous potential for THz wireless communication

M. Fujishima, Keysight world 2016 Tokyo (14 June, 2016)

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 8

300GHz CMOS transmitters (TXs)May 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

QAM-capable 300GHz CMOS TX with 17.5Gb/s/ch [1]

300GHz CMOS TX over 100Gb/s [2]

(~10GHz) (~100GHz)

(~300GHz)

Ref. [1] RF (~300GHz)

Tripler

Double-rat-race

Rat-race balun

Square mixer

Quasi-SSB mixer

Ref. [2]

IF (~10GHz)

LO(~50GHz)

in 40nm CMOS ( fmax: ~280GHz)

[1] K. Katayama, K. Takano, S. Amakawa, S. Hara, A. Kasamatsu, K. Mizuno, K. Takahashi, T.Yoshida, M. Fujishima, “A 300GHz 40nm CMOS Transmitter with 32-QAM 17.5Gb/s/ch Capabilityover 6 Channels,” Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC2016), pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.[2] K. Takano, S. Amakawa, K. Katayama, S. Hara, R. Dong, A. Kasamatsu, I. Hosako, K.Mizuno, K. Takahashi, T. Yoshida, M. Fujishima, “A 105Gb/s 300GHz CMOS Transmitter,” Int.Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC2017), pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 9

May 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

QAM-capable 300GHz CMOS TX with 17.5Gb/s/ch [1]

300GHz CMOS TX over 100Gb/s [2]

Unallocated

275 305GHz1

30GHz

2 3 4 5 6Unallocated

275 313GHz

23GHz

1290

32QAM 3.5Gbaud → 17.5Gb/s/ch (×6) 32QAM 21Gbaud → 105Gb/s

(~10GHz) (~100GHz)

(~300GHz)Ref. [1]

(~10GHz) (~100GHz)

(~300GHz)

Ref. [1]

300GHz CMOS transmitters (TXs)

RF (~300GHz)

Tripler

Double-rat-race

Rat-race balun

Square mixer

Quasi-SSB mixer

Ref. [2]

IF (~10GHz)

LO(~50GHz)

in 40nm CMOS ( fmax: ~280GHz)

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 10

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT







• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


THz transmitters (TXs): State of the art

LO

BB / IF

BB / IF

Multiplier

THz TX Architecture

RF

RF

Spectrum QPSK

Power Amp.

LO

x 2 or 3RF (spread)

2 or 3 x LO

RF

LO

16QAM

Case of “x 3”IF Amp.

fMAX > RF→ III-V

PA-last

Multiplier-last

TXs architecture depends on transistor fmaxfmax : Unity-power-gain frequency

High powerQAM-capable

fMAX < RF→ CMOS

Low powerQAM-incapable

BB / IFMixer-last Low powerQAM-capable

RF

LO LOfMAX < RF→ CMOS

RF

Complicatedlayout

[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


THz transmitters (TXs): State of the art

LO

BB / IF

BB / IF

Multiplier

THz TX Architecture

RF

RF

Spectrum QPSK

Power Amp.

LO

x 2 or 3RF (spread)

2 or 3 x LO

RF

LO

16QAM

Case of “x 3”IF Amp.

fMAX > RF→ III-V

PA-last

Multiplier-last

TXs architecture depends on transistor fmaxfmax : Unity-power-gain frequency

High powerQAM-capable

fMAX < RF→ CMOS

Low powerQAM-incapable

BB / IFMixer-last Low powerQAM-capable

RF

LO LOfMAX < RF→ CMOS

RF

Complicatedlayout

Technical challenges300GHz PA-less TX in CMOS operating beyond fmax, QAM-capalibility for high data-rates Without undue layout complication


doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


Design

ISSCC2016

IF1

LO

IF Mixer

RF

IF2

LOleak

Cubic-mixer-last architecture (ISSCC2016)

Cubic mixer is essentially a tripler It receives superposition of IF2 (modulated) and LO (pure)

Cubic MixerIF Mixer

~300GHz~100 GHzfmax: ~280GHz

LOleak RF

Cubic MixerIF2


doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


Power spectra and signal constellationsR

F po

wer

(dBm

/MH

z)−20

−80

−40

−60

270 280 290 300 310

CH1 CH3 CH5CH2 CH4 CH6

Unallocated

275 305GHz1

30GHz

2 3 4 5 6

32QAM 3.5Gbaud → 17.5Gb/s/ch (×6)

32QAM


doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

Channel CH1 CH2 CH3Constellation(Equalized)

EVM 8.9%rms 4.8%rms 7.0%rmsData-rate 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/sChannel CH4 CH5 CH6

Constellation(Equalized)

EVM 7.1%rms 6.4%rms 5.9%rmsData rate 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/s

May 2017


Power spectra and signal constellations

Aggregate data-rate reaches 105Gb/s

32QAM


doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 16

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT







• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


Design

ISSCC2017

Square mixer + quasi-SSB mixer (ISSCC2017)

Square mixer is essentially a doubler Quasi-SSB mixer includes filters for image suppression

Square Mixer RF

IF2LOleak

Square mixerQuasi-SSB mixer

Quasi-SSB Mixer

IFRF

IF

LO LO

fmax: ~280GHz ~300GHz~150GHzLO leak

cancellationImage

suppression

IF2

IF2

[2] K. Takano, et al. ISSCC2017, pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


-70

-60

-50

-40

Pow

er (d

Bm

)

−40

−50

−70

Pow

er (d

Bm) 32QAM

−60Image

RF

-70

-60

-50

-40

265 275 285 295 305 315

Pow

er (d

Bm)

Frequency (GHz)

−40

−50

−60

Pow

er (d

Bm)

275 285 295 305 315Frequency (GHz)

265−70

128QAMCH1 CH6

ImagesLO leak < Noise floor


275 285 295 305 315Frequency (GHz)

265

Unallocated

275 314GHz

27GHz

1287

2 3 4 5 6Unallocated

275 313GHz

23GHz1

29032QAM 21Gbaud → 105Gb/s 128QAM 3.52Gbaud → 24.6Gb/s/ch(×6)


doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


32QAM

8.9%105Gb/s

Modulation

EVMData rate


128QAM

3.3 ~ 4.1%24.64Gb/s x6

Modulation

EVMData rate




doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 20

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT







• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


Performance comparison

[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016.[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017.[3] Song et al., TMTT, 2014.

[4] Boes et al., IRMMW-THz, 2014.[5] Kallfass et al., IEICE Trans., 2015.[6] Sarmah et al., TMTT, 2016..

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Technology 40nm CMOS 40nm CMOS 250nm

InP35nm GaAs

35nm GaAs

0.13µmSiGe

Freq. (GHz) 275-305 302 289−311 300 240 300 240Modulation 32QAM 32QAM 128QAM QPSK 8PSK QPSK 64QAMPout (dBm) −14.5 −5.5 − −3.5 −4 7

Pdc (W) 1.4 1.4 − − − 0.54Data rate

(Gb/s) 17.5 x 6 105 24.64 x 6 50 96 64 1.02

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 22

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT







• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission

May 2017


Wireless demonstration

300GHz CMOS TXby square-mixer-last-architecture

300GHz CMOS TXby cubic-mixer-last-architecture

Ref. [1] Ref. [2]

Video Contents

[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.[2] K. Takano, et al. ISSCC2017, pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 24

OutlineMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT







• Conclusion

doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-01-0thz

Submission Slide 25

ConclusionMay 2017

Iwao Hosako, NICT

• A Japanese activity on 300-GHz silicon CMOS transmitters and their wireless demonstrations were introduced.

• QAM-capable 300GHz TXs in 40-nm CMOS operating beyond fmax were reported.• cubic-mixer-last architecture

[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016.

• square-mixer-last architecture[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017.

• For realizing 300GHz wireless communication, Si CMOS is one of possible technology.

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