march 2017 index of internet readiness of indian …...message from iamai i am pleased to present...

Index ofInternet Readiness of Indian States

March 2017

Disclaimer: © IAMAI 2017All Rights ReservedNo part of this report can be reproduced except for review, in any format without the written permission of the publisher. www.iamai.inPublished by Dr. Subho Ray, President, Internet and Mobile Association of India

Table of

ContentExecutive Summary 1

Introduction 3

Earl ier work on internet readiness 4

Objecti ve 6

Framework of the study 6

Methodology 10

E-infrastructure index 11

21

IT envi ronment 25

Government e-services 27

Internet-Readiness Index 30

Core Internet Index 39

Conclusion 40

E-parti cipation index

Appendix 41

Message from IAMAI i

Message from Nielsen ii

Message f ro m I A M A I

Iampleasedtopresentbeforeyoutheannual'IndexofInternetreadinessofIndianStates'report.The

reportinteraliahighlightsthestrengthsofeachstateinIndiainthetechspace.Thepurposeofthe

reportistwo-fold:a)toaccelerateadoptionofinternetandencouragestartupsineachstateandb)to

highlightpossibleareasofinvestmentinthetechsectorineachstate.

IamgratefultoNielsenforputtingtogetherthereportforIAMAIandtomycolleaguesatIAMAIwho

haveworkedonthisreportforoversixmonths.Thisreportwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthe

cooperationofthestates,especiallyITsecretariesofeachstate.Iwouldliketothankallofthemfor

theirhelpandcooperation.

Ihopethestakeholderswill�indthisreportuseful.ItiswiththisobjectivethatIAMAIengagedinthe

processofbuildingtheInternetReadinessindexofStatessince2015;andweareproudtopresentthe

secondreportinthisseriesafter2016.

Theinternetreadinessdiffersfromexistinge-readinessindexinthesensethatthisindextriestotake

a more holistic view of internet penetration; where digital infrastructure, participation of the

populationindigitalactivities,ITservicesandgovernmente-servicesarealltakenintoconsideration

andanalysedindetails.Acompositeindexofallthesesubindicesformsthe�inalstateindexonthe

basisofwhichthestatescanberankedfortheirlevelofinternetreadinessforDigitalIndia.

Developingthisindexisasubstantialexercise,andcertainshortcomingmayremaindespiteourbest

efforts.I,onbehalfofIAMAI,takeresponsibilityforanypossiblediscrepanciesandwouldliketo

extendmyapologiesinadvance.

Dr.SubhoRayPresident,IAMAI

Message f ro m N i e l s e n

Competitivefederalismisaconceptthathasbeenidenti�iedbymanyasakeyfactorthatwillhelpIndiaattainafaster

degreeofdevelopment.Infact,theconcepthasgainedalotmoreprominenceintherecentpast.Incompetitivefederalism,

thestatescompetewitheachotheroverabroadrangeofissuestoprovidecitizensvariousservices,resultinginbetter

economicoutcomes.Thisreport“IndexofInternetReadinessofIndianStates”wasenvisagedkeepingthisconceptin

mind.Whiletherearemultipleareaswherethestatescancompetein,thisreportfocusesentirelyoninternetreadinessin

India,andstudiesthepreparednessofourstateswhenitcomestoplayingastrategicroleindrivingtheinterneteconomy.

Today,everyoneisjustaclickawayfromanyinformationlyinginanypartoftheworld.WhilesomeoftheIndianstatesget

easyaccesstosuchservicesowingtobetterconnectivity,largerpenetrationofmobilephones,industryconcentrationand

evengovernmententhusiasm,otherstatesfallshortandhaveamplescopetoimproveonthesemetrics.Thisreportranks

differentstatesbasedontheirinternetreadinessencapsulatingfourpillars:

e-infrastructure|Governmente-services|e-participation|ITservices

Inadditiontorankingthestates,wealsolookedattheInformationandCommunicationsTechnology(ICT)policiesofthe

topperformingstates,andcompareditwiththoselaggingbehind.Basedonthiscomparison,wehavecomeupwithalist

ofsuggestionsthatcouldserveasabenchmarkforstatesthatarelookingtoimprovetheirscores.

Itisapparentthatthefutureliesintheinternet.WebelievethatthestatesmustrevisittheirICTpoliciestoensurethatthey

haveprudentplanstosyncwiththerestofthenation,andtakestepstowardsbeingfuture-ready.Whilesomestatesare

movingintherightdirectionwithapplause-worthysteps,otherstatesneedtocatch-uptoachievedesiredeconomicand

socialdevelopment.

Wehopethatthisreportwillactasareadyreckoneroninternetreadinessofthestatesforthepolicymakers,researchers,

students aswell as industry experts.Wewelcome any comments and suggestions on the report, especially on the

methodology,�indingsandwayforward.

AREINDIANSTATESINTERNETREADY?

DriptoMukhopadhyayDirectorMicro-Marketing&EconomicsNielsenIndia

SanchitAroraSeniorManagerMicro-Marketing&EconomicsNielsenIndia

Executive S u m m a r y

Internet communication& technology is increasingly

de�iningrelationshipsbetweenindividuals,consumers

and enterprise, citizen and government. With this

objective,InternetMobileAssociationofIndia(IAMAI)

and IndicusAnalytics conducteda studyon 'Indexof

InternetReadinessofIndianStates-2015'thatdelved

intotheperformanceofthestatesinvariousmeasures

ofinternetreadiness.

With the launch of Digital India Programme, the

Government of India is taking a big step forward to

transform the country into a digitally empowered

knowledge economy. The other important aspect of

growing internet economy is the ease of opening or

functioning digital start- ups. With this background,

IAMAIdecidedtoconductastudyon'IndexofInternet

Readinessof IndianStates -2016'with the following

objectives:

l ontheDevelopastatelevele-Readinessindex

basisofdigitalinfrastructure,participationof

peop le in e -serv ices , d ig i t i za t ion o f

governmentservices,contributionofITinthe

stateeconomy,humancapitalresources,ease

ofopeningdigitalstart-ups.

l on the basis of e-ReadinessRank the states

index

l Apart from Central Schemes, list out the

various digitization programmes initiated

acrossStates

l ofimplementationofAssesstheeffectiveness

thevariousCentral/Stateservicesoffered

l forIdentify and evaluate the best practices

replicationinotherStates.

Theindicatorsareorganizedin4maincategories,with

arankingforeachcategoryandtheparameterswithin

the categories being discussed in details. The 4

categoriesare(a)E-Infrastructure,(b)E-Participation,

(c) IT Environment and (d) Government E-Services.

These4broadindicesarethenusedtoconstructthe

InternetReadinessIndexofthestates,whichgivesan

overallrankingofthestatestakingintoaccountallthe

parametersconsidered.

A�ifthIndex(namedtheCoreInternetIndex)hasbeen

createdthisyear,consistingofselectvariablesalready

usedinconstructingtheaboveindices.Thepurposeof

the index is to give a sharper perspective for digital

industries looking to expand their business in the

IndianStates.

Tomakeafaircomparisonacrossthestates,thestates

aredividedintothreesub-categories:1)LargeStates,

2)SmallStatesandUTsand3)NorthEasternStates.

Executive Summary 1

Theoveralltoprankersamongststatesaspertheirscoresinthevariousindicesareasfollows:

Besides undertaking a quantitative exercise of rating

andrankingstates,itwasfeltthataqualitativestudyof

theregulatoryspaceofthecountryisalsonecessary,as

many of the new initiatives are still in their nascent

statesandhencewillnotre�lectongroundintermsof

quanti�iablemetricsusedforconstructingtheindices.

Therefore,alongwiththeindexation,aprimarysurvey

wasconductedtoassesstheICTpoliciesofthestates.

The information from primary survey was analysed

alongwiththeinformationfromsecondarysourcesto

drawacomparisonofICTpoliciesamongstthestates.In

addition,wayforwardsaresuggestedforthestatesthat

lag behind at present based on the 'Best Practices'

identi�iedfromthesuccessstoriesofthetopstates.

The qualitative analysis will help state level

policymakers to device future roadmaps for the

Internetinfrastructureintheirrespectivestatessoasto

raise their scores in various indices considered for

mappingthestates.

Index BestLargeState BestSmallState/UT BestNEState

E-infrastructure Punjab Delhi Manipur

E-participation Kerala Delhi Mizoram

ITEnvironment Karnataka Delhi Nagaland

GovernmentE-services HimachalPradesh Delhi Manipur

Internetreadiness Karnataka Delhi Nagaland

CoreInternetIndex Kerala Delhi Meghalaya

Executive Summary 2

Canweimagineourworldwithouttheinternet,laptopsandmobile

phones?Pauseandthinkforamoment.Thetechnologyhasengulfeda

largepartofourlives.Wetalkaboutsmartphones,smarttelevision,

smartcars,andevensmarthomes.Whatdoesthismeaninessence?

Thattheworldweliveinhasincreasinglybecomeinternetsavvyand

connected.Thischangeisnotlimitedtourbanareasthatcomprisesof

32.74%ofthetotalIndianpopulation(asperWorldBank2015data).

Rural areas arebecoming connected and the companies across the

boardarevyingforthislargershareoftheIndianpie.

Intoday'sworld,wearejustaclickawayfrommanygoodandservices.

Ifweneedacab,wejustneedtolookforoneonourphone,thecabwill

betheretopickusupinafewminutes.Ifweneedgroceries,wecan

orderthemfromthecomfortofourhomesovermanygroceryapps.If

wewanttostayconnectedwithourfriends,wehaveplethoraofweb

andmobilebasedsocialnetworkingsitesthatcanputusintouchwith

them.IfwewanttotransfermoneytosomeoneinKanyakumarifrom

Jammu,itisjustaclickofabuttonaway.

Everybusinesshasanonlinepresencenow,be ita localbrandora

multi-million dollar MNC. Along with the private sector which is

leading the change, the public sector too is embracing the change.

Utilitybillspaymentsarenowpossibleonline,allmajorservicesallow

online interaction for their customers and e-governance at various

degreesareenabledbymoststatesforthecitizens.

To achieve greater traction at an all India level, the digital sector

requires proper infrastructure support. It also requires continuous

convictiontopushindividualsandbusinessestoembracethechanging

environmentwithanopenmind.

With the focusof thecurrentgovernment to transformIndia intoa

digital economy, it seems India has its heart in the right place and

wantstogrowwiththeworldasitbecomesincreasinglyelectronic.

However,Indiaslippedfromrank89thin2015to91in2016asperthe

globalrankingof144countrieson“NetworkedreadinessIndex2016”.

SinceIndiacomprisesof29statesand7UTs,theprogressdependson

howallthesegrowtogether.Withthisbackground,IAMAI(Internet

andMobileAssociationofIndia),hasundertakenthisstudytoassess

thestatusofinternetreadinessofthevariousstatesaswellastheir

progressinlastoneyear.

INTRODUCTION

Introduction 3

Many studies (see below) have been done so far to

formulate the internet readiness rankings by various

government and private institutions. However, the

rankings differ based on the methodologies, the

de�initionsofinternetreadinessorboth.

Theinternetreadinessindicesthatexistare:

a. The United Nation's e-Government Readiness

Index(2008)measuresreadinessofgovernment

to use ICT effectively for providing governance

serviceswithacitizencentricapproach.TheUNe-

GovernmentReadinessIndexisacompositeindex

of three sub-indices (a)WebMeasure Index, (b)

TelecommunicationsInfrastructureIndexand(c)

HumanCapitalIndex.

b. The statedEconomistIntelligenceUnit(EIU,2006)

that different corporate and international

organizations have developed a variety of e-

readinessmodelstoparticipateintheglobaldigital

economyatthelevelofe-Commerce,e-Government

andgeneral ICTdiffusion. Different indiceshave

beendevelopedfortheassessmentofe-readiness

and consequently to measure its component

indicators.TheseindicesincludeTheInternational

Telecommunication Union Digital Access Index,

World Economic Forum Networked Readiness

Index, United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development ICT Development Index, The

Economist Intelligence Unit e-readiness Index,

MosaicGroupIndex,ConferenceBoardofCanada

ConnectedIndex,ORBICOMInfostateIndex.

c. The de�inesaEconomistIntelligenceUnit(2014)

country's e-readiness as a, “measure of their e-

businessenvironment,acollectionoffactorsthat

indicate how amenable a market is to internet

basedopportunities”. TheEIUse-readinessStudy

is a measure of the quality of a country's ICT

infrastructure and the ability of its consumers,

businesses and governments to use ICT to their

bene�it. Thisindexmeasures(a)connectivityand

techno logy in f ras t ruc ture (b) bus iness

environment(c)socialandculturalenvironment

(d)legalenvironment(e)governmentpolicyand

vision(f)consumerandbusinessvision.

d. The WEFs Network Readiness Index (2008-09),

measurespropensity forcountries toexploit the

opportunitiesofferedbyICTsmorespeci�icallyto

c omprehend t he impac t o f I CT on t he

competitiveness of nations. The Networked

Readiness(NRI)Frameworkassessestheextentto

whichdifferenteconomiesbene�itfromthelatest

ICTadvances.Thisindexisacompositemeasureof

environment,readinessandusage. Environment

is measured in terms of market environment,

po l i cy env i ronment and in f ras t ruc ture

environment.Readiness ismeasured in termsof

individual, business and government. Similarly,

usage is also measured at various levels -

individual,businessandgovernment.

Earlier Work on Internet

Readiness

Earlier Work on Internet Readiness 4

IndianScenario

e. National Council of Applied Economic Research

(NCAER)isthe�irstorganizationinIndiatoassess

the e-readiness of Indian states and union

territories. As de�ined byNCAER, e-readiness of

state/UTsmeasuresitsabilitytoparticipateinthe

increasingly networkedworld as a composite of

ICTenvironment,readinessandusagewithinthe

state/UTs. The emphasis of this measure of e-

readiness was to capture capacity to provide

services that enabled (a) participation in the

provincialanddigitaleconomies,(b)equitableand

costeffectivegovernance,(c)abetterintegration

of the deprived segments of society and remote

regions. Thus e-readiness index as de�ined in

Indian context is based on the following broad

parameters:

a.TheICTenvironmentofagivenstate

b.ThereadinessofthepeopletouseICT

c.TheactualusageofICT

f. IAMAIalongwithIndicusAnalytics(NielsenIndia

now) created an index in 2015 to measure the

extentof internet readiness in the Indian states.

Thestudy identi�iedvariousvariables thatcould

help understand the progress on internet

readiness across the states. The variables were

categorised into 4 main categories – e-

infrastructure, e-participation, IT services and

governmente-services.ThestudyusedPrincipal

ComponentAnalysis(PCA)toformanindexbased

onthesevariables.

Earlier Work on Internet Readiness 5

ObjectiveGlobalrankingsoninternetreadinesslargelytalkabout

countriesasawholewithoutprovidinganyinsightsinto

therolesthatthestatesplay.Aspointedoutearlierin

theintroduction,Indiaslippedfromrank89in2015to

91in2016aspertheglobalrankingof144countrieson

“Networked readiness Index 2016”. Most of the

indicators either stayed stagnant or showed

deterioration for India. This is in contrast with the

objectiveofDigitalIndia.Inthisstudy,wedelvedeeper

and understand the contribution of the states. To

understand the entire picture, it is imperative to

understandtherolesofthestatesandhowtheyfarein

termsofinternetreadiness.Tomakeafaircomparison

acrossthestates,thestatesaredividedintothreesub-

categories:

1) LargeStates

2) SmallStatesandUTsand

3) NorthEasternStates.

Thestudyaimstodevelopaninternetreadinessindex

for the states in India. In brief, the objectives of this

studyare:

a. Developastatelevelinternet-readinessindex

b. Rankthestatesintermsofinternetreadiness

c. Identifyvariousdigitizationprogramsinitiatedby

thestates

d. Assess the effectiveness of the state level

programs

e. Identify and evaluate the best practices for

replicationinotherstates

Framework

Theindicatorsareorganisedintofourmaincategories

basedonsimilaritiesintheircharacteristics:

a. E-infrastructure

b. E-participation

c. ITenvironment

d. GovernmentE-services

of the StudyE-infrastructure

E-infrastructure comprises of tools, facilities and

resourcesthatarerequiredbythepublic for internet

readiness.Thiscategorymeasurestheextenttowhich

individuals and business organizations use mobile

networks and the internet to access voice and data

services.

Objective 6

This index measures the level of e-infrastructural

support present in each state to support internet

readiness.

E-Participation

Promoting participation of the citizens is the

cornerstoneofanysocially inclusivegovernance.The

goal of e-participation initiatives is to improve the

citizen'saccesstoinformation&publicservicesandto

promoteparticipationinpublicdecisionmaking.This

impactsthewell-beingofthesocietyingeneralandthe

individualinparticular.

Thisindexcapturestheinternetreadinessofthestate

population in terms of their present digital

engagement.

ITEnvironment

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is

oneoftheboomingindustriesofIndianeconomytoday.

The Indian IT and ITeS industry is divided into four

major segments – IT services, Business Process

Management, Software products and engineering

services, and hardware. The revenue aggregate

(Exports+Domestic)ofIT-ITESindustryisexpectedto

growby9.2%andreachUSD130.0billionin2015-16

ascomparedtoUSD118.8billionin2014-15. Direct

employmentintheITservicesandBPO/ITeSsegmentis

estimated to growby 6.0% reaching 3.69million in

2015-16withnetadditionof2Lakhpeople(Ministryof

Information,Communication&Technology,2015-16).

This indexcapturestheextentof IT/ITES industry in

eachstate soas toascertainhowwelleachstatehas

managedtoharnessthegrowthpotentialfromoneof

themostdynamicindustriesofthecountry.

GovernmentE-services

Overtheyearsalargenumberofinitiativeshavebeen

undertaken by State Governments and Central

Ministriestousherinaneraofgovernmente-services.

Sustainedeffortshavebeenmadeatmultiplelevelsto

improvethedeliveryofpublicservicesandsimplifythe

processofassessingthem.TheNationalgovernmente-

services Plan takes a holistic view of government e-

servicesinitiativesacrossthecountry,integratingthem

intoacollectivevision.

In order to promote government e-services, various

policyinitiativesandprojectshavebeenundertakento

develop core and support infrastructure. The major

coreinfrastructurecomponentsareStateDataCentres

(SDCs), StateWideAreaNetworks (SWAN),Common

ServiceCentres(CSCs)andmiddlewaregateways,i.e.,

National government e-services Service Delivery

Gateway(NSDG),Stategovernmente-servicesService

Delivery Gateway (SSDG) and Mobile government e-

servicesServiceDeliveryGateway(MSDG).

Thisindexcapturesthee-servicesofferedbythestates

andtheextentoftheiradoptionbythelocalpopulation.

The selection of the categories (and the parameters

within each category) was based on the broader

understandingofinternetreadiness.Internetreadiness

encapsulates both the spread and the extent of the

digitalsectorindifferentaspectsofthesocio-economic

realitiesofeachstate.Thus,internetreadinessinthis

studyisnotlimitedtohowindustryfriendlyeachstate

isforinvestmentintheITsector,butalsoaimstogivea

more holistic picture of the digital ecosphere that

presently exists in the states. This stems from the

understandingthatonlyanorganiclinkagebetweenthe

digital world and the real world can lead to the

development and the wellbeing that digitalization

promisestodeliver.

The different parameters considered under each of

thesecategoriesandtheirrationalaregivenindetails

below.

Framework of the Study 7

Category Measure Rationale

E-Infrastructure Tele-Density Theextenttowhichthemobilenetworkisavailableto thepublicforvoiceservices.

Mobilesubscribersperperson Mobileusageismanifold.Ahigherpenetrationamong above15yearsofage adultsinare�lectionoftheavailabilityofthebasic infrastructure

Shareofprivateplayersin Privateserviceprovidersaredominantinthemarket. internetserviceproviders Therefore,thelargerthenumberofprivateplayersin themarket,thelargerwillbethecoveragein providinge-infrastructuretothepeople.

Mobilesubscriberswith Itdirectlyindicatestheinfrastructureavailablewith internetaccessperperson thepeoplethataccesstheinternetontheirmobiles. above15yearsofage

Percentageofhouseholds Itdirectlyindicatestheinfrastructureavailablewith usingcomputer/laptopwith thehouseholdstoaccesstheinternetconnectionin internetconnection computer/laptop.

Percentageofschoolswith Thisindicatestheinfrastructuralsupportprovidedto computerfacility thechildren.

Numberofpostof�icesunder Thisindicatestheinfrastructuresupportatthepost- 'ProjectArrow'–postof�icesthat of�ices. remodernizedandenabledwith ITservices

Wi�iinuniversities Thismeasurestheextenttowhichtheinfrastructure supportisprovidedtothestudentsatthegraduate andpost-graduatelevels.

Publicwi-�ihotspots Thismeasurestheinfrastructuresupportavailableto thegeneralpublictostayonline.

E-Participation RatioofNumberofadults Thisindicatesthebasicskillsthatpeoplepossessto completedprimaryorhigher participateinane-readyenvironment.Thehigherthe levelofeducationtototal numberofeducatedpeople,thehigherarethe population chancesofthemtoembracethenewtechnology.

Averagerevenueperuseron Re�lectstheextentofusage mobileservices

No.ofe-transactionsinUtility Itincludesthecitizenparticipationine-transactionsin Billpaymentsperlakhperson paymentofWaterbill,telephonebill,electricitybill, above15years e-municipalityservices,piped-gasbilletc.

No.ofe-transactionsin Itincludescitizenparticipationinbusinessservices, BusinesstoCitizen(B2C) like,bankingtransactions,mobilerechargeetc. Servicesperlakhpersonabove 15years

No.ofe-transactionsin Thisre�lectstheuseandawarenessofgovernment InformationalServicesperlakh e-servicesservices personabove15years

No.ofe-transactionsinStatutory Itincludescitizenparticipationinstatutoryandnon andNon-Statutoryservicesper -statutoryservices lakhpersonabove15years

FacebookUsers Itmeasurescitizenparticipationonlinefor recreationalpurposes.


Category Measure Rationale

ITEnvironment No.ofITcompaniesper'000 Itidenti�iestheeconomythathasscopeofgrowth population andemploymentinITsector

RatioofITWorkerstoTotal Itre�lectstheemploymentstatusofICTwhich Workers directlyimpactsane-readyenvironment

Numberofdigitalstart-ups TheITenvironmentthatleadsandpromotesdigital revolution.

Numberofdigitalstart-up Itre�lectsthewillingnessofastatetopromote incubators start-upsinordertorevolutionizepracticesand services.

Government %ofKiosksinstalledunder Re�lectstheachievementofthegovernmentinE-Services RuralWirelineBroadband meetingthetargetofNeGP SchemeinIndia

ExpenditureIncurredon Re�lectstheextentoffunctioningoftheCSCs OperationalCommonService Centersperperson

No.ofe-servicesrolledoutfor Re�lectsthegovernmente-servicesservicesprovided citizenparticipation bythegovernmenttothecitizen

NumbersofCSCs Re�lectsthewillingnesstoopenandoperateCSCsto ensuregreaterparticipationfromthepublic

NumberofJanDhanYojna Re�lectsthegovernmentoutreachtobring�inancial accountopened servicestothemasses

NumberofAadharCardissued Re�lectsthewillingnesstoidentifyandef�iciently provideservicestotheneedy

E-books Itmeasurestheextenttowhichbookshavebeen convertedintoe-books.


MethodologyThere are plethora ofmethods available that can be

usedtocreateanindex.PrincipalComponentAnalysis

(PCA) is one of the most popular methods used for

indexation. PCA transforms a large number of

correlatedvariablesintoasmallerandmorecoherent

setofuncorrelatedfactorscalledprincipalcomponents.

The principal components account for much of the

varianceamongthesetoforiginalvariables.

In mathematical terms, from an initial set of 'n'

correlatedvariables,PCAcreatesuncorrelatedindices

or components, where each component is a linear

weighted combination of the initial variables. For

example,fromasetofvariablesXn

PC = X X +……………+a X1 a11 1+a12 2 1n n

PC X X +……………+a Xm=am1 1+am2 2 mn n

Whereamnrepresentstheweightforthemthprincipal

componentandthenthvariable.Theweightsforeach

principalcomponentaregivenbytheeigenvectorsof

the co-variance matrix. There are two methods to

choosethenumberofcomponents–Kaiser'scriterion

andCatell's scree test.AsperKaiser's criterion, only

thosefactorswitheigenvalue1ormorethan1should

beretained.Anothermethodofselectingcomponentsis

thegraphicalmethodknownastheCatell'sscreetest.

Catell (1966) introducedscreeplotswhicharevisual

toolsusedtohelpdeterminethenumberofimportant

components.

Giventherangeofdimensionsandthelargenumberof

variablesunderstudy,PCAanalysiswasfoundtobethe

most suitable method for creating the internet

readinessIndex.Sometimes,astatescoresveryhighon

aparticularindicator,say,mobilesubscriptionbutvery

lowintermsofanotherindicator,i.e.,growthininternet

penetration.PCAanalysisisequippedtodeterminethe

relativeimportanceofeachindicatorinthemodel.

First,werunPCAfore-infrastructure,e-participation,

ITenvironmentandgovernmente-servicesseparately

toformacategorywiseindex.Later,thesesub-indices

arecombinedtocreateacompositeindexusingPCA.

Methology 10

ToconstructE-Infrastructureindex,9measureswere

considered;,a)Tele-density,b)Mobilesubscribersper

personabove15years c) Internetaccessbywireless

phonesperpersonofagegroupabove15yearsd)No.of

internetserviceproviderse)Percentageofschoolswith

computerfacility, f)Postof�icesperpersonupgraded

and modernized under project arrow, g) Grants

allocated by state governments to improve internet

connectivityinuniversitiesandh)Publicw-�ihotspot

zonesinastateand(i)Percentageofhouseholdsusing

computer/laptopwithinternetconnection. However,

only6were�inallyincludesintheindexbecauseofthe

following:

l Publicwi-�ihotspotzonesinastate,thoughan

important measure , was found to have

inadequate coverage across a l l s ta tes .

Accordingly,thismeasurewasdroppedfromthe

model. However, the report discusses different

initiativestakenbythestatesgovernmentsina

sub-section.

l Percentage of households using internet

connectionincomputer/laptopisanindicationof

the e- infrastructure avai lable with the

households. However, data on this indicator is

available for the year 2013-14. Since there has

been signi�icant growth in internetusage since

2013-14,thisvariablewasnotconsideredinthe

model.

l Wi-�i in universities is one of the proposed

indicators to capture government support in

promoting internet readiness in universities.

However, there were constraints in getting

uniform information across all states. While it

waspossibletogetinformationonsomecolleges

oruniversities ina state thatprovidesWi-Fi, it

was not possible to get comprehensive

informationofallcollegesanduniversitiesofthe

state. Incomplete information of any one state

could have mislead the results. Therefore, this

indicatorwasalsodroppedfromthemodel.

Computer technology has revolutionised the tele-

communicationsindustry.Variousvalueaddedservices

overandabovetheplainvoicecom-municationshave

resulted in the emergence of info-communication

industry.Consequently, infrastructuralnetwork tools,

like, telephone connections,mobile subscription and

internetaccessibilitytobestatisticallysigni�icantinthe

model.

IndexE-Infrastructure

:

:

:

:

:

E-Infrastructure Index 11

LargeStates

l Punjab, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and

Gujarataretheleadersinthiscategory.

l Punjab, ranked 1, is way above other states in

terms of telephone connections with 104

telephoneconnectionsper100persons.Further,

forevery10personsinPunjabthereare7mobile

subscribersandforevery10mobilesubscribers6

subscribersaccesstheinternet.

l Kerala, at rank 2, has about 95 telephone

connectionsforevery100individualsin2015-16.

While this may not be the highest, Kerala

continuestoleadinmanyoftheothermeasures

usedinthiscategory.About93%oftheschoolsin

Keralahaveacomputerfacility.Alsoforeveryone

millionpersonsthereare4postof�iceswhichare

modernisedandupgradedunderProjectArrow.

Inaddition,about57%ofthemobilesubscribers

accesstheinternet(thesecondhighest).

l TamilNaduhasthehighesttele-densityamongst

the large states. In Tamil Nadu, the density of

telephoneconnectionsis118per100population

vis-a-vis238inDelhi(thehighest).

l Maharashtrawith35 internet serviceproviders

(per million population) is one of the most

competitive internet market. However, despite

the large population, access to the internet

remains at 38 per 100 mobile subscribers.

Surprisingly,Maharashtrahasthelowestnumber

ofmodernisedandupgradedpostof�icesunder

projectarrowpermillionpopulation.

KeyHighlights(Figure1)

Top 5 Large States

1.Punjab2.Kerala3.TamilNadu4.Maharashtra5.Gujarat

Top 3 Small States / Uts

1.Delhi2.Chandigarh3.Puducherry

Top 3 North-Eastern / States

1.Manipur2.Sikkim3.Mizoram

Legend

E-Infrastructure Index

Low(Upto0.26)

Medium(0.26-0.64)

High(0.64-0.84)

VeryHigh(MoreThan0.84)

Puducherry

Goa

Lakshadweep

Jammu & Kashmir

Himach Pradesh

Punjab Chandigarh

Haryana

Delhi

Uttarakhand

Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

NagalandAssam

Meghalaya

Manipur

Sikkim

Bihar

MozoramTripura

West BengalWest Bengal

Jharkhand

Odisha

Chandigarh

Madhya PradeshGujarat

Maharashtra

Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Karnatka

Tamil NaduKerala

I N D I AE-Infrastructure Index

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

Figure1:E-infrastructureIndex

Source:Nielsen(India)estimates


l Gujarat, one of the leaders in terms of e-

infrastructure, stands above the other states in

terms of providing network tools. Gujarat has

about 73 mobile subscribers per 100 person.

However, only 40 subscribers of the 100

subscribersaccesstheinternet.

l BiharandJharkhandaretheworstperformersin

thiscategory.Thebasictoolsofcommunication,

i.e.,telephoneconnectionscontinuetobeverylow

inthiscircleat51per100person. Whilemostof

theindicatorsareofconcern,themostworrying

pictureisthatoftheinadequatecomputerfacility

intheschools.Merely5%schoolsinBiharand9%

schoolsinJharkhandhavecomputerfacility-the

basic infrastructurerequiredtoacclimatisekids

withthetechnology.

SmallStatesandUTs

l Delhileadsinallthemeasuresofe-infrastructure.

TelephoneconnectionsinDelhiarealmostdouble

than that of the other states, about 2.4

connections per person. There are 191 mobile

subscribersper100persons,i.e.,morethanone

subscriptionperperson.Also, thestate leads in

termsofinternetaccess.About52subscribersper

100 mobile subscribers access the internet via

their mobile phones. 82% of the Delhi schools

have computers in school suggesting a growing

trendinfavourofinterneteducation.Thereare5

postof�icesforeveryonemillionpopulationthat

aremodernisedandupgraded.

l ChandigarhisrankedsecondafterDelhi,closely

followed by Puducherry. Internet access by

mobile subscribers stands at 47 per 100

subscriptionsinChandigarh,oneofthehighestin

this group. Besides, 96% of the schools in

Chandigarhareequippedwithacomputerfacility.

l Puducherry ranks high in terms of tele density

(118telephoneconnectionsper100persons)and

mobile subscribers (62mobile subscriptionper

100persons).Thereareatleast3postof�icesfor

everymillionpopulationwhichismodernisedand

upgradedunderprojectarrow.

l Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra and Nagar

Haveli,andDaman&Diuarewaybelowinterms

of e-infrastructure measures. The number of

mobilesubscribersinAndaman&NicobarIslands

isabout44per100person,butonly16per100

mobile subscribersaccess the internet. In these

UTs, there are 1-2 post of�ice for everymillion

population that are modernised and upgraded

underProjectArrow.Thepercentageofschoolsin

theseterritoriesthathaveacomputerfacilityin

schoolslieintherangeof36%-58%.

NorthEasternStates

l AmongstNE states,Manipur leads; followed by

SikkimandMizoram.Manipuredgestothetopof

list mainly due to the presence of the highest

numberofinternetserviceproviderspermillion

population.Also,ithasthesecondhighestmobile

subscribers per 100 population. Sikkim,

outperforms Manipur in three out of the six

variable, however, Manipur maintains its lead

overalltostayatthetopofthetable.

DetailedAnalysisofKeyParameters

The composite indexprovidesa comprehensiveview

thathelpsustorankthestates.However,thenuances

get left out. This section discusses each of the

parametersindetailinordertoappreciatetheefforts

madebyeachofthestatesinthese�ieldsandidentify

theareasthatrequiremoreefforts.

A. Telephoneconnectionsareanessentialnetwork

tooltoconnectpeopleandtogivethemaccessto

voiceservices.

KeyTrends

l Delhihasthehighestmobilesubscribersper100

population, this hold true across all the state

118 115 105

105238

TOP 3 LARGE STATES

TOP SMALL STATES/UT TOP NORTH EASTERN STATE

TamilNadu HimachalPradesh WestBengal

Delhi Sikkim

Figure 2: Tele-density per 100 person

Source:TRAI,2015.


groups, be it large states or small states. Each

individual in Delhi has about 2.38 connections.

Thisisalmostdoubleofthesecondhighestsmall

state/UT–Puducherrywith118connectionsper

100population.

l Amongstthelargestates,wehaveTamilNaduat

thetopwith118connectionsper100population,

followed by Himachal Pradesh with 115

connections per 100 population. West Bengal

completesthetopthreewith105connectionsper

100 population. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

aretheweakstateswithonly49connectionsper

100population.

l Amongst the North Eastern States, Sikkim

outshinestheotherstateswith115connections

per100population.

Asper the press release of TRAI in June 2016,thetotal

number of telephone subscribers in India is 1058

million with an overall tele-density of 83 per 100

person.Thoughruralsubscriberswitnessedamonthly

growth of 0.65% and urban subscribers declined by

0.46% monthly. The tele-density in rural India still

standsat51.67whichis3timeslowerthanthatofthe

urban tele density (at 153). Between 2014-15 and

2015-16, the tele-density increased by 9 percentage

pointsfrom74per100personin2014-15to83per100

personin2015-16.Theincreaseisevidentinalltelecom

circlesbutatavaryingrate.

Himachal Pradesh had the highest increase of 23

percentagepoints.In2014-15,HimachalPradeshwas

thesecondhighestlargestate(afterTamilNadu)witha

tele-densityof105per100person.With23percentage

point increase in tele-densityHimachal Pradesh now

ranksafterDelhiinthismeasure.Thenextbeststatein

termsofgrowthinthismeasureisJammu&Kashmir

registeringagrowthof19percentagepoints.However,

thegrowthwasprimarilydrivenbyalowbase.Thestate

hasgrownfromaverylowbaseof61per100personin

2014-15to80per100personin2015-16. Delhiisthe

toprankedinthismeasurewiththetele-densityalmost

double that of any other states. Delhi registered a

signi�icantgrowthof16percentagepointsfrom219per

100 person in 2014-15 to 235 in 2015-16. Kerala,

AndhraPradesh,MadhyaPradeshregisteredagrowth

of 6-8 percentage points lower than the national

averagegrowthof9percentagepoints.Atthelowerend

oftheranking liesHaryanaandPunjab.Theyhadthe

lowestincrease,intherangeof1-2percentagepoints.

B. MobileSubscribersformthemaincomponentof

the telecom market. About 98% of the total

telecom subscription in India is mobile

subscription.Only2%ofthesubscribersare�ixed

orwire-linesubscribers.AspertheInternational

Telecommunications Union, India accounts for

about24%ofthetotalmobilesubscribersofall

Asian countries. In 2016, there are about 888

millionmobilesubscribersinIndiawhichmeans

that for every 10 person in India there are 6

mobilesubscribers.ThismakesIndiaoneofthe

largesttelecommarketwithimmensepotentialof

growth given its population and expanding

economy.

KeyTrends

l Amongstsmallstates,Delhiisrankedtopinterms

of the number ofmobile subscribers. Delhi has

192subscribersforevery100person.

l Amongst large states, Himachal Pradesh leads

with75mobilesubscribersforevery100person.

l Theotherstateswithmorethan6subscribersfor

every10personareGujarat,Punjab,Kerala,Tamil

Nadu,North-EasternstatesandKarnataka.

l At the other end of the ranking lie Madhya

Pradesh,Bihar, Jharkhand,WestBengal,Odisha,

Assam, and Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand. The

numberofmobile subscribers in these states is

lessthan50per100person.

C. AspertheTRAIIndicatorReport(2015),thetotal

internet subscribers in India are 302million of

which 203 million are wireless internet

subscribers.Further,99%ofthewirelessinternet

75

Himachal Pradesh

192

Delhi

73

Gujarat Punjab

69

Nagaland

63

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure3:NumberOfMobileSubscribersPer100Person

Source:CellularAssociationofIndia


D. Internet service providers are crucial in taking

internet connectivity to themasses. The higher

the number of internet service providers, the

higheristhecompetition.Thehighercompetition

ismostlikelytoimprovetheinfrastructure,make

theconnectionsaffordableandreachtheremote

areasforexpansion.

Key Trends

l The states can be divided into four categories

based on internet service providers permillion

population. Maharashtra and Delhi have more

than30internetserviceproviders.

Figure4:NumberofInternetSubscribers

Per100MobileSubscribers

Source:TelecomRegulatoryAuthorityofIndia,2015.

Punjab

75 73

Kerala

69

Telangana

Lakshwadeep

57.345

Sikkim

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


subscribers access internet through mobile

wirelessandonly1%ofthesubscribersare�ixed

wireless. With about 888 million mobile

subscribers in India, not even half of the

subscribershaveinternetaccess.Further,internet

densityinIndiaismere24.09per100population.

While,inurbanIndia,internetdensityiscloseto

50per100person,inruralIndiainternetdensity

ismere12.89per100person.

KeyTrends

l Punjabistheleaderstateinthismeasurewith63

internetsubscribersper100mobilesubscribers.

l Kerala,Telangana,DelhiandKarnatakahavemore

than 50 internet subscribers per 100 mobile

subscribers.

l At the other end, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar

Pradesh,AssamandRajasthanhavelessthan35

internetsubscribersper100mobilesubscribers.

l Thestatesinthesecondcategory,onanaverage

have 21 internet service provider per million

population.The states included in this category

areTamilNadu,Haryana,UttarPradesh,Andhra

Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal, Karnataka and

Telangana.

l Inthethirdcategory,thestateshaveanaverageof

13 internet service providers per million

population. While in the fourth category, the

averageis7.

E. IT infrastructure forms the core of an e-ready

society. Without appropriate infrastructure

support, the movement of internet readiness

mightjustgetlimitedtoafewwhohavethefunds

andresourcestostayupdated. Inacountry like

India where 12.4% population lives in poverty

and many do not have access to basic needs,

infrastructuralsupportisrequiredtoconvertthe

e-readymovementintoamassphenomenon.We

considertwomain institutions-postof�icesand

schools.

Post Of�ices: Indian Post has undertaken a 'Quality

Improvement Project' called 'Project Arrow' to

transform India Post into a vibrant and responsive

organisation.Theprojectaimsatcreatingaconducive

environment providing IT enabled services through

secureconnectivityimprovingtheservicequalitylevels

in core business areas, such as, mail delivery,

remittancesandpostalsavingschemes.Itstartedwith

50postof�icesinApril,2008whichextendedto2615

postof�icesin2015.

24

TamilNadu

23

HimachalPradesh Uttarakhand

22

Goa

30

Manipur

35

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure5:NumberOfInternetServiceProviders

PerMillionPopulation

Source:TelecomRegulatoryAuthorityofIndia;http://www.trai.gov.in/Content/ProviderListDisp/3_ProviderListDisp.aspx)


However,theimplementationofthisprojectacrossthe

statesisdismallylow.Onanaverage,inIndiathereare

only 3 modernized and upgraded post of�ices under

ProjectArrowforeverymillionpopulation.Ofthe2615

postof�icesthataremodernisedandupgradedunder

projectArrow,10%oftheseareinTamilNadu.Seven

states - Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and

Karnataka together account for 52% of the total

modernizedandupgradedpostof�iceinthecountry.In

contrast, in the states like Uttar Pradesh and

Maharashtra,thedensityofmodernisedandupgraded

postof�iceislessthan1forevery1millionpopulation

[Figure6].

Schools:Topreparetheyounggenerationfortomorrow,

IT infrastructural facilitiesavailableatschools isvital.

Internet education in schools is possible only when

schoolsareequippedwithbasicinfrastructurethatisa

computer facility. A wide variation is seen in the

percentageofschoolswithcomputerfacilityacrossthe

statesandunionterritories. Inthreeunionterritories,

24

Himachal Pradesh

23

Kerala

22

Tamil Nadu

Nagaland

7.964.81

Delhi

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure6:NumberOfPostOf�icesModernizedAndUpgradedUnderProjectArrowPer1MillionPopulation

Source:MinistryofInformation&Technology

Lakshadweep,PuducherryandChandigarh,about95%

to100%of the schoolsareequippedwith computers.

Amongstthebigstates,Keralaleadswithabout93%of

the schools equipped with a computer facility. At the

otherend,Biharhasonly5%schoolswithacomputer

facility. In Assam,Meghalaya, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh

less than 10% schools have a computer facility

[Figure7].

F. Public Wi-�i: Government of India with an

objective to develop 'Digital India' attempted to

easepublicaccesstotheinternet.Consequently,

many freeWi-Fi public spotswere identi�ied. A

fewinitiativesarepresentedbelow:

l In January 2016, Google’s free public WiFi

service went live at Mumbai Central. The

servicehasover1.5millionpeopleusersat19

railwaystations.

l In 2016, Gurugram announced free public

Wi�ihotspotsinthecityinpartnershipwith

Airtel.InGurugram,usersinselectedpartsof

thecitywillget30minutesoffreeWiFiaccess.

l InDelhi,theAAPgovernmenthadpromised

100percentWiFicoverage inthenational

capital in their electionmanifesto, however

theserviceshaven’trolledoutsofar. Indian

ExpressreportedinFebruary2016thattheIT

departmenthadidenti�ied3000‘hotzones’to

providethisfreeWiFi,buttheinitiativehasn’t

materialisedyet.


93%

Kerala

54%

Tamil Nadu

Lakshwadeep

100% 53%

Sikkim

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Gujarat

73%

Figure7:PercentageOfSchoolsWithAComputerFacility

Source:DistrictInformationSystemofEducation,2014-15.

Source: Indian Express, July 17, 2016

AFewKeyInitiatives

Creating a hassle free IT environment in education

systemhasbecometheneedofthehour.Atalllevelof

education, government of India and the state

governmenthavetakenseveral initiativestopromote

ICTinfrastructureinthestate.

Keralawasamongstthe�irsttosuccessfullyimplement

ICTinschools.ITinfrastructurehasbeensetupin4071

schoolsinsecondaryandhighersecondaryeducation.

Broadbandconnectivity(2Mbps)isprovidedviaatie-

up with BSNL. Currently, the state has 160 trained

mastertrainersand5600schoollevelITcoordinators

( h t t p : / /mh rd . g ov. i n / s i t e s / u p l o ad _ � i l e s /

mhrd/�iles/upload_document/Annexure%20IV.pdf)

ThefollowingtablegivesthelistofcitieswithaccesstofreeWiFiconnectivity:

Table1:Wi�iConnectivityAcrossCities

Cities Location

Delhi l PartsofKhanMarket

l PartsofConnaughtPlace

l Delhi'sHauzKhasvillage(HKV)hasfreeWiFifor�irst20minutesoflogin.

l TheNewDelhiInternationalAirport(internationalanddomesticterminals)have

freeWiFifor�irst30minutes

l MetrostationsinDelhiincludingRajivChowk,andKashmereGate

Bangalore l MGRoad,BrigadeRoad,CMHRoad

l Yeshwantpur,KoramangalaandShanthinagarbusstations

Ahmedabad l GandhiAshram

l ScienceCity

l KankariaLake

l Madhupuramarket

Bihar l NIT-PatnaonAshokRajpathtoDanapur.This20-kmstretchoffreeWiFiisthe

world'slongestcorridoroffreeWiFiconnectivity.

Mumbai l ShivajiPark

l MumbaiMetrostations

l MumbaiInternationalandDomesticAirports


Table2:IntiativesToPromoteICTEnvironmentByKeralaGovernment

NameoftheInitiative

Sampoorna–Aschoolmanagementsystem a. Moreef�icienthandlingofStudentinformation

b. Improvedservicedeliverytostudentsfromthe

schooladministration

SchoolWiki a. Createonlinecommunityofschoolstoenable

bettersharingofinformationbetweenschools

b. Decentralizethedataupdationprocesstoschool

level

Spark–AteacherHRMS a. Accurateandusefuldatabaseofteachers

b. Moreef�icientpayrollmanagement

c. Supporttoothercomplimentarysystemsthrough

moreaccurateandrelevantdata

TextbookIndentingsystem a. Accurate,fasterandmoreef�icientTextbook

indentingprocess

Extra-curriculareventsupport(3systems): a. Enableorganizerstomanageeventsmore

PortalsforKallolsavam,Sastrothsavam& ef�iciently

Schoolsports b. Increasevisibilityofeventsandparticipants

c. Supportentitlementmechanisms

SchoolGISmapping a. Provideaccurateandreliablegeographicdataofall

schools

Examinationsystems a. Completetransparencyinexaminationprocess

b. Fastturnaroundinlead-uptoexamsandresults

tabulationandpublishing

c. Protectreliabilityofcerti�icatesissuedbyreducing

fraud

SIET'sDigitalcontentdevelopment a. Learningsupportservices

Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology,Kerala

KeralaGovernmenthavealsointroducedthefollowinginitiativestopromoteICTenvironmentinschools[Table2].

GujarathasinitiatedvariousICTinitiativesinschooleducation,includingalargescaleenablementofITinfrastructurein

schools. IT infrastructure has been set up in all 6000 secondary and higher secondary schools. Each school has 11

computersandallrunontheUBUNTUplatform.


Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology,GovernmentofGujarat

All India: Given the need of providing internet

connectivitytocollegesanduniversities,theMinistryof

Human Resource Development launched a new

programmecalledCampusConnectin2014.

As part of Government e-services, E-Of�ice has been

implemented in the UGC to create paperless

environment as regards to receipt andmovement of

�iles,etc.In2015,atrainingprogrammewasorganized

forUGCof�icialsuptothelevelofJointSecretary.NICis

developingwebbasedonline applications for theXII

PlanSchemesoftheUGC.

l For developing courseware e-content in post-

graduate subjectsacrossalldisciplines, theUGC

hasconstitutedaStandingCommitteetoprepare

blueprintsandtoobservetheentireoperationof

thescheme.Thetaskofdevelopmentofe-content

hasbeenentrustedtoINFLIBNET.Thee-content

sodevelopedwouldbe available in open access

throughaLearningManagementSystem(LMS)set

up at INFLIBNET Centre as well as through

Sakshat Portal. The total cost incurred in the

projectduring2014-15isRs.9.08crores.

Table3:GovernmentE-servicesInitiativesInSchoolsByTheGujaratGovernment

Nameoftheinitiative EnvisionedOutcome

BACALS(BiometricAttendanceand a. Real-timeandaccuratedatacollectionregarding

ComputerAidedLearningforSchools) TeacherandStudentattendance

b. Centralizedanalysisofattendancedatafordecision

support.

SchoolGISmapping a. Provideaccurateandreliablegeographicdataof

allschools

ExaminationsystemsforSSCboard a. Completetransparencyinexaminationprocess.

b. Fastturnaroundinlead-uptoexams,results

tabulationandpublishing

c. Protectreliabilityofcerti�icatesissuedbyreducing

fraud

Datamanagementfor‘Gunotsav’ a. Supportthelarge-scaleandrapidturnarounddata

entryrequirementsfortheannual'Gunotsav’

Contentdevelopmentanddeliveryfor a. ToimpartInformationTechnologyskillsinstudents

IT-enablededucation ofGujaratgovernmentschools.

b. TodevelopcontentforvarioussubjectsusingICT

toolstoenablefasterandeffectivelearningwithin

thenationalcurriculumframework

c. Tocomplementthecoursedeliveryinvarious

subjectsthroughICTbasedsimulationandother

tools

d. TomonitordeliveryofICT-enabledcontentacross

enabledschools


l TheUGChastakenmappingoftheUniversitiesin

reference to (a) Universities connected with

Digital Fibre (b) Universities having LAN (c)

UniversitieshavingWi-Fifacility.636Universities

responded and it was found that (i) 89% of

universitiesareconnectedwithOpticalFibre(ii)

92% of universities have LAN and (iii) 85% of

universitieshaveWi-Fifacility.

l TheUGC'sInformation&StatisticsBureauisusing

theportal(http://aishe.gov.in)developedbyNIC

forCollection&CompilationofStatisticalDataof

Students Enrolment, Teaching Staff, etc. (UGC,

AnnualReport2014-15)

UNIVERSITY


indexE-participation

Themostsigni�icantaspectofane-readysocietyisthe

abilityofitspeopletoutilizeITservicesandparticipate

inanITenvironment.E-participationisanindexof5

measures, i.e., a) average revenueperuserofmobile

subscribers, b) e-Tansactions in interactive services -

utility bill payments, statutory services etc per lakh

person,c)e-Transactions:ininformationalservicesper

lakh person, d) e-Transactions in business to citizen

servicesperlakhpersonande)Facebookusers.

Thestudyalsoconsidersenrolmentofadultsinhigher

educationasoneoftheparameters.Itisanindicationof

the ability and need of the people to access e-

information.However,giventheeaseandtherangeof

servicesthatcancanbeaccessedthroughtheinternet,

theinternetnolongerremainsaneliteeducatedneed.

Thisvariablewasnotfoundtobestatisticallysigni�icant

and therefore dropped from the model. The most

signi�icant indicator is thee-transactions recorded in

interactive services, i.e., utility bill payments,

registration, issuance of certi�icates etc. The next in

importanceise-transactionsininformationalservices.

Legend


Low(Upto0.21)

Medium(0.21-0.43)

High(0.43-0.69)


Puducherry

Goa

Lakshadweep

Jammu & Kashmir

Himach Pradesh

Punjab Chandigarh

Haryana

Delhi

Uttarakhand


Arunachal Pradesh

NagalandAssam

Meghalaya

Manipur

Sikkim

Bihar

MozoramTripura


Jharkhand

Odisha

Chandigarh


Maharashtra

Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Karnatka

Tamil NaduKerala

Top 5 Large States

1.Kerala2.Telangana3.Gujarat4.Karnatka5.Maharashtra


1.Delhi2.Chandigarh3.Daman&Diu


1.Mizoram2.Sikkim3.Manipu

I N D I AE-Participation Index


Source:EstimatesofNielsen(India)

Figure8:E-ParticipationIndex

E-Participation Index 21

LargeStates

l Kerala,TelanganaandGujarataretheleadersine-

participationindex.

l Kerala,themostliteratestateinthecountry,leads

in the number of e-transactions recorded per

person in information services. The extent of

mobile usage measured in terms of average

revenue per subscriber stands at Rs 199 per

person just next to Delhi. Though Kerala stands

behindsomeofthebigstatesintermsofthetotal

number of e-transactions recorded in utility

services, yet theaveragenumberof transactions

recorded per person is higher than the country

average.

l In Telangana, 21% people are Facebook users.

Though, Telangana records fewer number of e-

transactionsperpersonininformationalservices

butitrecordshighernumberofe-transactionsper

person in business to citizen services and

interactiveserviceslike,billpayments,registration

etc.

l Gujarat records the highest number of e-

transactions per person in both information as

well as in interactive services. This indicates

success in terms of spreading awareness and

backend infrastructural support. However, the

scoresofGujaratine-participationgetsasetback

asonly10%ofthestatepopulationuseFacebook.

l The poorest performers in e-participation are

Bihar and Jharkhand. Since the states havepoor

networkingtools,itisnotsurprisingthattheyhave

low participation in an e-ready environment. In

Bihar,merely2%populationareFacebookusers.

Only7 e-transactionspermillionpopulation are

recordedinutilitybillpayments.Jharkhandfares

slightlybetterthanBihar.Itrecordsabout366e-

transactionspermillionpopulationininteractive

services and 4% population in the state have

Facebookaccounts.

SmallStates/UTs

l Delhi leads in all measures of e-participation.

Average revenue per mobile subscribers that

re�lectstheextentofusageofmobileservicesisthe

highest inDelhi atRs. 200per person.Also, the

number of e-transactions in interactive services

andutilitybillpaymentspermillionpopulationin

DelhiissecondafterGujarat.Facebookaccountper

'00 population provides indication on usage of

internet services for entertainment or other e-

commerceservices.InDelhi,41outof100people

are Facebook users, the highest amongst all the

statesexceptforUTsandNEstates.

l DelhiisfollowedbyChandigarhine-participation.

About50per100populationinChandigarhhave

Facebookaccounts.Also,Chandigarhrecordsthe

highest number of e-transactions per person in

utilitybillpayments.

NorthEasternStates

l Mizoram,aliteratestateintheNE,recordshighe-

transactions per person in information services.

Also, 19 per hundred person in Mizoram have

Facebookaccounts.

l Meghalaya, Andaman & Nicobar Islands are the

weakstates in this category. Meghalayarecords

high e-transactions per person in business to

citizen services but lowest amongst all in this

category in e-transactions in informational and

interactiveservices.Also7per100populationin

MeghalayaareFacebookusers,clearlylowusageof

internetofinternetforentertainmentoronregular

sur�ing.


A. EnrolmentinHigherEducation:Firstandforemost

criteriaofparticipatinginane-readyenvironment

is the ability andknow-how touse the available

information and technology. Given the ease of

usingtheinternet,itnolongerrequiresonetobe

technicallyequipped toparticipate inane-ready

environment. Nevertheless, with enrolment in

highereducation,theneedtoaccesstheinternet

service increases. In2014-15,about265.85 lakh

students were enrolled in higher education in

collegesanduniversities.Outofwhich16.27%of

the students were enrolled in Engineering and

KeyHighlights


660

TamilNadu

617

TelanganaUttarakhand

574

768

SikkimChandigarh

2064

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure9:EnrolmentinHigherEducation(ma/mphil/phd)

perLakhPopulation

Source:AllIndiaStatisticsofHigherEducation,2014-15

technology. Education content and research

materialsarenolongeratreasurehuntinlibraries.

Accessing non-traditional sources of information

has become the need nowadays for students,

lecturers,scientists,economistsetc.

Two UTs, Chandigarh and Puducherry, have the

highest enrolment state, followed by the north

easternstateofSikkim.Amongststates (excl.NE

and UTs), Delhi registers the highest number of

entrants (737) in higher education per lakh

populationofthestate.95%oftheuniversitiesare

Wi-Fienabled.TamilNaduandTelanganawithan

enrolmentrateof660and610perlakhpopulation

respectively.Bihar,OdishaandJharkhandhavethe

lowest entry in higher education (0.13%, 0.12%

and 0.11%) considerably below the all India

average.[Figure9]

B. Average Revenue per person: The internet is

increasinglygettingaccessedthroughmobile.The

range of services that are available through the

internetvaryfromgamestomusictoconvenience

appsetc.Thesehavecompletelyrevolutionisedthe

waynetworkserviceprovidersgeneraterevenue

from theirmobile subscribers. Thehigher is the

usageofmobilefortherangeofservices,thehigher

is the average revenue frommobile subscribers.

DelhileadsinthismeasurefollowedbyKeralaand

Maharashtra. Whereas, the average revenue per

subscriber is low in Bihar, Odisha and Uttar

Pradesh.[Figure10]

C. FacebookUsers:Facebookisundoubtedlyoneof

the largest socialmedia network today that has

attracted millions of people to connect across

geographies,age,etc.Thereareabout106million

people in India today that are Facebook users.

Maharashtraalonehasabout17millionFacebook

users.However,whencomparedinrelationtothe

populationofthestate,Chandigarhstandsatthe

topwith 52 Facebook users per 100 population

followed by Daman &Diu and Delhi with 41

Facebook users per 100 population each. The

lowest number of Facebook users is in Bihar

registering only 2 Facebook user per 100

population.[Figure11]

D. E-transactions in interactive and informational

services:Utilizingthee-servicesrolledoutbythe

governmentisoneofthemostcrucialaspectsofe-

participation.AttheallIndialevel,91%ofthee-

transactions are for interactive services and the

remaining only 9% of the e-transactions are for

informative services. In most of the states, e-

transactions in information services is almost

negligible. West Bengal is one exception

registering almost 65% of the e-transactions in

information services. Punjab follows next

registering45%ofe-transactions in information

21

Telangana

16.5

Kerala

Sikkim

20

Chandigarh

52

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


17

AndhraPradesh

Figure11:FacebookUsersPer'00Population


410

Kerala

1076

Delhi Nagaland

227

347

Punjab

304

Karnatka

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure10:AverageRevenuePerMobileSubscriber

Source:CellularAssociationofIndia,2015

Source:http://www.soravjain.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/II-01.jpg

Lakshwadeep Lakshwadeep Dadar & Nagar Havel i

8 15 0.5

Meghalaya

0.02

Gujarat

2.7

Madhya Pradesh

0.6

Gujarat

0.8

Tripura

0.09

Meghalaya

1.3

North-EastStates

Large States

Smal l States/ Uts

Informative ServicesUtillity Bill Payments B2C Services

Figure12:UtilityBillPayments,BusinesstoCitizenServices&

InformativeServices(topStates/uts)

Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology;ETAAL

services. Odisha and Gujarat are the other two

states with substantial proportion of the

e-transactionsininformationservices.

E-transactionsininteractiveservicesincludes:

a. Statutory services- and non-statutory services:

Statutory services include: a) certi�icates, b)

payment of taxes c) payment of subsidies,

scholarships and social welfare transfers. Non-

statutoryservicesincludeservicesdeliveredunder

agriculture/PDS/ruraldevelopmentschemesetc.

b. Business to citizen services: like, ticket booking,

bankingtransactionsetc.

c. Utility bill payments: like, water bills, telephone

bills,electricitybills,e-municipalityservices

d. Social bene�its: like repetitive government

disbursementtocitizens,like,pensions,MGNREGA

payment,DBTscholarshipetc.whichareperiodic

innature.

e. Mobilegovernance:endtoendservicesinmobile.

E-transactions in informative services include

information access from various governance portals/

websites, downloading of forms, enquiry related

servicessuchaspassportstatus,railwaysPNRenquiry,

resultsofexaminationetc.

Under interactive services, twokindof serviceswere

considered-'businesstocitizenservices'(aproxyfor

theoutreachofbusinesses toconsumers)and 'Utility

BillPayments'(aproxyforconveniencebasedservices),

sincetheseservicesdirectlypertaintoawideraudience.

Whereas, since interactive services form a very

negligiblepartofe-services,theyaretakenasawhole.

As per the analysis (�igure 12), Lakshadweep tops

amongst small and UTs on Utility Bill Payments and

informativeservices,whereasDadarandNagarHaveli

topsthelistintermsofBusinesstoCitizenServices.

Out of the large states, Gujarat leads in the �irst two

measures like Lakshadweep, however in the third

measure Madhya Pradesh takes the lead. Jammu &

Kashmir,BiharandAssamaretheweakstatesinterms

ofe-transactionsinutilitybills.Surprisingly,Telangana

is at the bottom in terms of informative services,

followed by Assam and Bihar. E-transitions in B2C

servicesarethelowestinKerala,followedbyJ&Kand

TamilNadu.

IntheNEstates,Meghalayaoutperformsothersinterms

ofUtilityBillPaymentsandB2Cservices,whileTripura

leadsinInformativeServices.

E. E-transactions per person: While the previous

pointusedasubsetofe-transations,hereallthee-

servicesarecombinedtogethertogetthebigger

picture.Pleasenotthatthisvariablewasn'tused

while indexation. These transactions include

statutory and non-statutory services, utility bill

payments , business to c i t izen services ,

informationalservices,socialbene�itsandmobile

governance. Thewide variation across states in

utilizing or participating e-services of the

government isevident from�igure15below. In

Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, the average e-

transactionsrecordedperpersonare27and23

respectively.WhereasinBihar,Jammu&Kashmir,

AssamandJharkhand,theaveragee-transactionis

lessthan1perperson.[Figure13]

27

Telangana

23

Andhra Pradesh

13

Kerala

Meghalaya

1.9

Lakshwadeep

20

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure13:E-transactionsPerPerson

Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology,ETAAL


IT EnvironmentITenvironmentisanindexoffourcomponents:

a) No.ofITcompaniesregisteredwithNASSCOM

b) Ratiooftechnicalworkerstototalworkers

c) No.ofdigitalstart-upsand

d) No.ofstart-upincubators

AcloseinspectionofthepresentITenvironmenthighlightsthatthere

areafewhubs/statesinIndiawheretheinformationandtechnology

sectorislocated.

Legend


Low(Upto0.24)

Medium(0.24-0.48)

High(0.48-0.62)


Puducherry

Goa

Lakshadweep

Jammu & Kashmir

Himach Pradesh

Punjab Chandigarh

Haryana

Delhi

Uttarakhand


Arunachal Pradesh

NagalandAssam

Meghalaya

Manipur

Sikkim

Bihar

MozoramTripura


Jharkhand

Odisha

Chandigarh


Maharashtra

Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Karnatka

Tamil NaduKerala

Top 5 Large States

1.Karnatka2.Maharashtra3.TamilNadu4.Telangana5.Gujarat

I N D I AIT-Participation Index


Figure14:ITParticipationIndex


KeyHighlights

l Karnataka is at rank 1 in terms of the best IT

environmentinthecountry.Karnatakadominates

in terms of attractiveness with the city of

Bengaluru leading the charge. 22% of the IT

companies registered with NASSCOM are in

Karnataka.In2015-16,about1092digitalstart-

upswereopenedinKarnataka.Furthermore,11%

ofthedigitalincubatorsareinKarnataka.

IT-Environment Index 25

l Maharashtra gets rank 2 in terms of IT

environment primarily due to two reasons: a)

about17%of the IT companies registeredwith

NASSCOM are in Maharashtra, second after

Bengaluruandb)714digitalstart-upsopenedup

inMaharashtrain2015-16comparedto1092in

Bengaluruand966inDelhi.

l Since the data for other states/UTs is not

consistentlyavailable,werefrainfromdiscussing

them.Ratherwefocusontheoneswithdataand

theirranking.


A. Concentration of IT companies: Figure 15

highlightsthattheITindustriesarelocatedonlyin

few locations in India. Karnataka, Maharashtra,

UttarPradeshandTamilNaducontainabout68%

of the total IT companies registered under

NASSCOM.Furthermore,tenstatescoveralmost

the entire IT industry. The other states not

reported either have no data or have no IT

companiesregisteredunderNASSCOM.

B. NumberofDigitalStart-ups:ThePrimeMinister

of India, Shri Narendra Modi in this year's

IndependenceDayspeechannouncedthe“Start-

upIndia”initiative.Thisinitiativeaimsatfostering

entrepreneurship and promoting innovation by

creating an ecosystem that is conducive for

growth of start-ups. In 2015-16, about 3612

digital start-ups materialised, however the

concentration remainedonly in a few locations.

[Table4]

Figure15:ConcentrationOfItCompaniesRegisteredUnderNasscom

Source:NASSCOM

Table4:NumberofDigitalStart-ups

State City No. of Digital Start-Ups

Karnataka Bangalore 1092

Delhi NCR 966

Maharashtra Mumbai 714

Telangana Hyderabad 336

Tamil Nadu Chennai 252

Maharashtra Pune 252

Others 588

Source:NASSCOM

C. Number of start-up incubators:As a part of the

start-uppolicy,thegovernmentaimsatcreatinga

policyandframeworkforsettingupofincubators

acrossthecountryinpublic-privatepartnership.

India currently lacks availability of incubation

facilities across various parts of the country.

Incubation facilities typically include physical

infrastructure,provisionofmentorship support,

accesstonetworks,accesstomarket,etc.

ofthetotal242start-upincubatorsinthecountry,

61start-up incubatorsare inTamilNadu.About

83%ofthetotalstart-upincubatorsinIndiaarein

10 states, i.e., Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar

Pradesh,Maharashtra,Kerala,Telangana,Gujarat,

West Bengal, Delhi and Rajasthan. In the North

East, Except for Manipur where 1 start-up

incubatorispresent,noneoftheotherstateshave

one[Figure16]

61

Tamil Nadu Karnatka

27

Manipur

19

Delhi

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Uttar Pradesh

25

Figure16:No.ofStart-upIncubators

Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology

IT-Environment Index 26

e-servicesGovernment

The index captures the e-services rolled by the

governmentbyaggregatingfourmeasures:

a)%ofkioskinstalledoutofthetotaltargetedkiosks,b)

OperationalCommonServiceCentres, c)Expenditure

incurred per CSC and d) No. of e-services. We

considered threeothervariables for the index (given

below),howevertheyweredroppedforthefollowing

reasons:

a. AccountsopenedunderJanDhanYojna:Asperthe

of�icialrecords,thecoverageisalmost100%.This

variables while important doesn't provide any

variation in thedata, andhencedoesn't improve

themodel.

b. Aadhar card issued: the number of e-services

linkedtoAadharcardisstate-speci�ic.Therefore,

thenumbersarenotcomparableacrossstates.

c. E-books:isnotconsistentlyavailableacrossstates

atauniformtimepoint.

Arunachal Pradesh

Nagaland

Meghalaya

Manipur

MozoramTripura

I N D I AIndex of Government E-Services

Legend


Low(Upto0.16)

Medium(0.16-0.33)

High(0.33-0.55)


Puducherry

Goa

Lakshadweep

Jammu & Kashmir

Himach Pradesh

Punjab Chandigarh

Haryana

Delhi

Uttarakhand

Rajasthan Uttar PradeshAssam

Sikkim

Bihar


Jharkhand

Odisha

Chandigarh


Maharashtra

Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Karnatka

Tamil NaduKerala

Top 5 Large States

1.HimachPradesh2.Gujarat3.Maharashtra4.AndhraPradesh5.Punjab


1.Delhi2.Lakshadweep3.Andaman&NicobarIslands


1.Manipu2.Nagaland3.ArunachalPradesh


Figure17:IndexOfGovernmentE-services


Government E- Services Index 27

LargeStates

l HimachalPradesh,Gujarat,Maharashtra,Andhra

Pradesh and Punjab are the leaders in the

governmentinitiatives.Inthesestates,thenumber

ofoperationalCommonServiceCentres(CSCs)and

expenditure incurred per CSC is substantially

abovetheotherstates.

l InHimachalPradesh,thereareabout46CSCper

lakhpopulationwhileonanaveragethereare10

CSC per lakh population in India. 18% of the

targeted kiosks are installed. The state has also

rolledout89e-servicesforcitizenparticipation.

l Conversely, Jammu&KashmirandBiharare the

worst performers in terms of the number of

governmentinitiatives.

SmallStates/UTs

l Delhi leads in this category fol lowed by

Lakshwadeep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Dadra&NagarHaveli andDaman&Diu are the

worstperformerswiththelowestnumberofCSCs

and e-services rolled out by their respective

governments.

NEStates

l All states in this category have taken very few

initiatives in government e-services. Of these,

Manipur fare slightly better. In Manipur, 59 e-

serviceshavebeenrolledout.


Overtheyearsalargenumberofinitiativeshavebeen

undertakenbyvariousstategovernmentsandcentral

ministriestousherinaneraofe-governance.Sustained

effortshavebeenmadeatmultiplelevelstoimprovethe

deliveryofpublicservicesandsimplifytheprocessof

assessing them. The National government e-services

Plan takes a holistic view of government e-services

initiativesacross thecountry, integrating them intoa

collectivevision.

KeyHighlights Inordertopromotegovernmente-servicesinaholistic

manner, various policy initiatives and projects have

been undertaken to develop core and support

infrastructure. The major core infrastructure

componentsareStateDataCentres(SDCs),StateWide

Area Networks (SWAN), Common Service Centres

(CSCs) and middleware gateways, i.e., National

government e-services Service Delivery Gateway

(NSDG),Stategovernmente-servicesServiceDelivery

Gateway (SSDG) and Mobile government e-services

ServiceDeliveryGateway(MSDG).

State Data Centre has been identi�ied as one of the

important element of core infrastructure for

supporting government e-services initiatives of

National government e-services Plan. State Data

Centreshasbeen setupand is operationalized in all

statessince2011.TheservicesintheStateDataCentre

are rendered through common delivery platform

seamless ly supported by core connect iv i ty

infrastructuresuchastheStateWideAreaNetworkand

Common Service Centres. SWAN has been made

operationalin34states.ImplementationofSWANisat

the �inal stage in Jammu&Kashmir andAndaman&

NicobarIslands.

A. Percentage of Kiosks installed: The state level

performancecanbegaugedbymeasuringthe%of

kiosks installed out of those targeted to be

installed.Instates,likeTamilNadu,Keralaalmost

97 -99% of the kiosks that were targeted were

installed. At the other extreme, in Andaman &

Nicobar Islands only 2% of the kiosks were

installed. InWestBengal,HimachalPradeshonly

11%and18%ofthekiosksareinstalled.Noneof

thenortheasternstateshaveankiosksinstalledin

theirterritory.[Figure18]

99%

TamilNadu

97%

Kerala Karnatka

89%

2%

Andaman&Nicobar

TOP 3 LARGE STATES

TOP SMALL STATES/UT

Figure18:PercentageofKiosksInstalled

Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology(AccessedfromIndiastat)


B. Common Service Centres: The “Common Service

Centres”isastrategiccornerstoneoftheNational

government e-services Plan, approved by the

governmentinMay,2006.Ason2016,apartfrom

Goa all states/ UTs in India have at least 1

ope ra t i ona l C ommon S e r v i c e C en t re s .

Maharashtra has the highest number of CSCs in

India,almost22%oftheCSCsinIndiaareinthis

state. [Figure19A]

However, the set-up of CSCs has not been

proportionatetothepopulationofthestate.Uttar

Pradesh, themost populous state in the country

has only 8 CSC per lakh population. Himachal

Pradeshhasthehighestdensitywith46CSCsper

lakhpopulation.MaharashtraandGujaratarethe

othertwoleadinglargestatesinIndiaabout26and

21CSCsper lakhpopulationrespectively.On the

otherhand,Haryana,Karnataka,TamilNaduhave

merely1CSCperlakhpopulation.

ThesetupofCSCsisnotuniformacrossthestates,

however a different picture emerges when one

looks at the expenditure incurred per CSC.

Haryana, with 228 CSCs, spends about Rs 3.07

crore per CSC. While Jammu and Kashmir with

1110 CSCs spends about 1.75 crores per CSC,

followedbyAssamthatspendsRs1.24croreper

CSC.[Figure19B]

With data on major small states not available,

Lakshadweep tops the list. Interestingly,Sikkim

spendsthehighestamountnotonlyamongstNE

states,butamongstallIndianstatesandUts.

C. E-services: The Government approved the

National government e-servicesPlan comprising

of27MissionModeProjectsand8componentson

2006.In2011,4projects-Health,Education,PDS

andPostswereintroducedtomakethelistof27

MMPsto31MMPs.No.ofe-servicesrolledoutfor

citizen participation is widely different across

states. In Andhra Pradesh, the leading state in

governmente-servicesinitiativeshasabout261e-

services rolledout forparticipation, followedby

Telangana,GujaratandMadhyaPradeshthathave

morethan200e-servicesrolledout.[Figure20]


Manipur

14.4

Gujarat

20.545.7

Himachal Pradesh

Lakshwadeep

22.5

Maharashtra

25.6

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Source:DepartmentofInformation&Technology(AccessedfromIndiastat)

3.07

Haryana

1.75

Jammu & Kashmir

Lakshwadeep

0.31 5.16

Sikkim

1.24

Assam

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


Figure19B:ExpenditureIncurredPerCsc(inRsCrores)


224

Telangana

209

Gujarat

83

Delhi Tripura

68

TOP 3 LARGE STATES


261

Andhra Pradesh

Figure20:No.ofE-services


Figure19A:CommonServiceCentresPerLakhPopulation

Index

Internet-Readiness

Internet readiness index isa composite indexof four

c omponen t s , i . e . , E - I n f ra s t r u c t u re I ndex ,

E -Part ic ipat ion Index , IT-Environment and

GovernmentE-ServicesIndex.Allthefourcomponents

haveequalsigni�icanceintheinternetreadinessindex

model.

Therankingofthestatesbasedoninternetreadiness

indexdependsonseveralfactors.Thedrivingfactorsof

each state differ from others. For instance, in

Maharashtra,thoughe-infrastructureisrelativelylow

comparedtoKerala,KarnatakaandGujarat, thestate

surpassesothersonallothercomponentsmakingitthe

toprankede-readystate. Furthermore,inthecaseof

Karnataka, the participation of citizens in the ICT

environmentislowerthanthatofKeralaandGujarat,

yetthestatemakesittothesecondspot,primarilyon

account of high contribution of IT to the overall

economyandthesuccessofe-government initiatives.

Likewise,MadhyaPradesh, thoughhasahighrankin

terms of e-participation, ranks lowly on all other

components.

Internet-Readiness


LargeStates

l Karnataka ranked second in terms of internet

readiness is also known as the Silicon State of

India.Itisoneofthemostattractivedestinations

forITbusiness.MostoftheITstart-upsinIndiais

concentrated in Karnataka. Karnataka IT policy

offersseveralincentivesforcompaniesthathelps

tocreateemploymentinInformationTechnology.

Concession bene�its in terms of areas of cost of

land, registration charges, zonal regulations etc.

are given to the companies that provide

employmenttomorethan200inBangaloreand

100inotherareas

l Maharashtra and Kerala with a similar level of

performance hold the third and fourth rank in

terms of internet readiness index . The

government e-services initiatives in the state of

Maharashtraarewidelyacknowledgedandhave

been awarded at various e-government related

KeyHighlights

forums and competitions (Directorate of

Information Technology, Govt. of Maharashtra).

Theoutcomeoftheinitiativesisseeninthehigh

indexation of Maharashtra in terms of internet

readiness.Keralathethirdrankedstateintermsof

internetreadinessindexisgallopingfastintheIT

service sector. According to the Industries-IT

Minister P.K. Kunhalikutty, Kerala is all set to

becomeanaggressiveandcompletee-statesoon.

ITpolicyinitiatedin2012hasbroughtinseveral

positivesteps.Severalincentivesandconcessional

powertariffweregiventoIT/ITESunits,Govt.IT

Parks,Akshayae-Centers.Speci�ic ICTPrograms

weredevelopedtocatertotheneedsofdifferent

sectionsofsociety.

l Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Gujarat, Telangana, and

Haryana are the aspirerswith their index value

higherthantheaverageindexvalueofallstates.

Severalinitiativeshavebeentakenbythestatesin

thisdirection.

Arunachal Pradesh

Nagaland

Meghalaya

Manipur

MozoramTripura

I N D I AInternet-readiness Index

Legend


Low(Upto0.28)

Medium(0.28-0.53)

High(0.53-0.76)


Puducherry

Goa

Lakshadweep

Jammu & Kashmir

Himach Pradesh

Punjab Chandigarh

Haryana

Delhi

Uttarakhand

Rajasthan Uttar PradeshAssam

Sikkim

Bihar


Jharkhand

Odisha

Chandigarh


Maharashtra

Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Karnatka

Tamil NaduKerala

Top 5 Large States

1. Karnatka2. Tamil Nadu3. Kerala4. Maharashtra5. Punjab


1. Delhi2. Chandigarh3. Puducherry


1. Nagaland2. Manipur3. Tripura


Source:EstimatesusingNielsen(India)

Figure21:Internet-readinessIndex


Maharashtra • Ranked4thininternet • Themajorhighlightsofthe • Thestrategic readiness2016,down MaharashtraIT/ITeS driversfortheIT threespotsfromthe policy2015are: &ITESPolicy previousreport • Aimsatmakingthestatean providedirection • Maharashtraranks IT,animationandgaming totheState's secondinthecountry industryhubbyattracting commitmentto fortheexportsofIT Rs.50,000croreof createlong &ITES investmentandcreating termassets • LasttwoITpoliciesof 1millionjobsby2020. throughan statein2003and2009 • Promotesawalk-to-work expanding hadplayedimportant conceptbyproposingthe talentpool, roletoattractinvestment constructionofintegratedIT extensiveIT of3.24trillionrupees townshipsalongwith infrastructure andhadcreated465 residentialapartmentsand andathriving privateand37publicIT socialinfrastructuresuchas cultureof parksalongwith schools,hospitals, innovationand 748,000directjobs multiplexes,mallsand entrepreneurship • Maharashtraisthe parksetc. largestmarketforIT • Severalincentivesand hardwareandinternetin concessionsaregivento India promoteITParks

Karnataka • Leaderininternet • ThecurrentICTPolicyinthe • Thestrategic readiness,mainlydueto stateis'ICTPolicy-2015' driversofIT thebestITenvironment • Themajorhighlightofthe policyisto amongsttheIndian policyis: createatalent states. • SettingupofResearchhub poolanddevelop • Bangalore,thecapital toencourageentrepreneurs ITR&D. cityisacknowledgedas andstart-upcompanie • Toenable the'ITCapitalofIndia’ • Innovationarktobesetup Karnatakaasthe • TheITpolicyofthestate fortheMSME's mostpreferred

State CurrentStatus NewPolicyinitiatives Direction

Chandigarh is ranked second in both e-

infrastructure and e-participation. Puducherry

ranks after Chandigarh in measures of e-

infrastructureindex.

NorthEasternStates

o Nagalandtopsthelist,closelyfollowedbyManipur

and Tripura. Nagaland leads in IT environment

andperformsmoderatelywellinothercategories

togettothetop.

Each l ead ing s ta te has i t s own un ique

characteristicwhichmakesitstandabovetherest.

For instance, Maharashtra is the onewith the

largestmarketforIThardware,Karnatakaisatthe

forefrontinITservices,Keralaistheforerunnerin

the adoption of IT services and Gujarat is the

favouritedestinationforinvestment.Asummary

ofITpoliciesdrivingthestatetoane-readysociety

isgivenbelow.

SmallStatesandUTs

· Delhiisatthetop,evenwhenconsideredamongst

allthestatestogether.Infact,TheGovernmentof

NCT of Delhi have taken various steps to bring

openness and transparency in providing citizen

friendlyservices.Itinitiatedthefollowingaction

withemphasison“preventivevigilance”

l To set up a dynamic website leading to

government e-services for departments or

agencies

l Toprovideonlineservicesincludingservicesone-

applications

l To reduce citizen's visit to of�ices and provide

information electronically rather than over the

counter

l MakingDelhiacybercity

l DelhiisfollowedbyChandigarhandPuducherry


helpedinthegrowthof • Incentivesfor destinationsfor ITindustries.Increased export-orientedenterpris MicroSmalland computerliteracyandIT Meduim penetrationthrough Enterprise Yuva.comCentres, Computerlabsingovt. schools,capacity buildingininstitutesof higherlearning,setting upofInternational InstituteofInformation Technologyat BangaloreandHubli wasinstrumentalin helpingthegrowthof ITindustry • TheITindustryinthe statehasemergedas oneofthelargestjob providingsector.The industryprovidesdirect employmenttoovera millionandindirect employmenttomore than1.5person

Kerala • Ranked3rdininternet • TheKeralaTechnology • Themajor readiness,primarilydue Start-UpPolicywas strategicdriver tothe2ndrankin declaredin2014 ofthepolicyisto e-infrastructureand1st • Thekeyhighlightsofthe developKerala ine-participation. policyare: astheNo.1 • Keralahasbeenthe • Governmentwillprovide Destinationin forerunneramongthe coreinfrastructurelikeplug IndiaforStartups statesofIndiainthe andplayincubationfacilities andamongstthe adoptionandapplication indifferentsectorsand top5startup ofICTservices/support differentlocationswithin ecosystemsin toitscitizenorenabling thestate theworld smootherfunctioningof • AllGovernmentownedIT thebusinesscommunity Parks,IndustrialParksand • ThebasicICT SMEClustersshallhave infrastructure,viz,State incubationfacilityforthe DataCentre,Kerala sectorsconcerned. StateWideArea • Thegovernmentwouldwork Network,MobileService withuniversities,educational DeliveryPlatforms, institutionsandtheindustry Akshaya,withitsinitial toprovidepre-trained emphasisonbridging manpowerinemerging thedigitaldividethrough technologiesandtofostera e-literacyprogramsand cultureofentrepreneurship callcenters inallsectors

Gujarat • Gujaratisranked6th • ThecurrentITPolicyofthe 1.Toincrease overall.Itgetsrank2in stateisthe'ITPolicy: thecurrent



governmente-services 2016-21' investmentin andrank3in • Thekeyhighlightsof IT/ITeSsectorby e-participation. thepolicy: 10times. • Gujaratisoneofthe o TheGovernmentwillduly 2.Toincreasethe moste-governedstates facilitateallotmentofland turnoverupto inthecountry forIT/ITeSunits/parks USD15Bn. • Gujarathasanumber investingintheState. 3.ToincreaseIT ofvibranttierIIcities IncentivesforITandItes exportsfromthe withadvantageslike parksintheformofcapital StateuptoUSD availabilityofskilled subsidy,registration/stamp 2Bn. resources dutyconcession,incentive 4.Topromoteand onpowertariffand develop electricityduty. employment o IncentivestoIT/ITeSunitsin opportunitiesin theformofcapitalsubsidy, theITandITeS registration/stampduty Sectorand concession,leaserental providedirect subsidy,interestsubsidy, employmentto VAT/CST/GSTincentive, 10lakhpersons. employmentgenerationvia 5.Tofocus,inter EPF,patentassistance, alia,onFinancial incentiveonpowertariffand Services,Mobile electricityduty.Etc.. Applications, Animation,3D- Gaming,Digital Entertainment, Cloud,Big-data andInternet- of-things.

Delhi • DevelopmentofIT • ThecurrentITPolicyofstate

infrastructureand is–ITPolicy2003'

promotinggovernment • Thenewpolicyis

e-serviceshasbrought beingdrafted

enormousbene�itsto

thepeopleofDelhi

• 'TeachtheTeachers'

Programmefor

upgradingtheIT

knowledgeandskills

hasbeenacatalystfor

thestatedevelopment

Puducherry • Puducherryhas • ThecurrentITpolicyofthe • Themajor emergedasahardware stateis'ITPolicy-2008 strategicdriver destinationofIndiaand • Increasethenumberof ofthispolicyis alsoacentreforIT registrationofITcompanies thatthe investmentin by50% government ITservices • Achieve100%ITliteracyin wouldmaximize • Amulti-productSpecial schoolsandcolleges theuseof EconomicZoneat • Allgovernmentdepartments technologyinall Sedarapet,ITParkat tobecomputerizedand itsprocesses. Kalapet,provideworld networked



classinfrastructureand • Everygovernmentemployee businesssupport toreceivetraininginbasic facilitiesfor ITusage IToperations • Increaseofatleast50%in earningsinforeignexchange • Increaseinemploymentby atleast50%inITsector

Chandigarh • RajivGandhi • ThecurrentITPolicyofthe • Themajor

ChandigarhTechnology stateis–'ITPolicy-2013. strategicdriver

Parkwhichstartedin Themajorhighlightsof ofthepolicyisto

2005hasemergedasa thepolicyare: improvethe

majorcentrefor • Enablingservicedelivery environmentfor

ITexportsfrom throughgovernment theITandITeS

theregion. e-servicesand industryby

• RGCTPpresentlyhosts m-governance givingseveral

around70companies • Creationofnextgeneration incentives.Also

fromtheITworldand ITinfrastructure toenhance

providesdirect • Toenhancetheavailability availabilityand

employmenttomore andqualityoftalentpoolof qualityoftalent

than20,000persons. ITprofessionalservices poolofIT

RGCTPitselfgenerates • TosupportMSME'sto professionals

exportsofaround establishandgrowin

Rs1750Crores variousverticalsofthe

annually.Chandigarh, ITindustry

asawhole,hasexports

ofaroundRs1850

Croresannually

Telangana • Telanganais4thin • ThecurrentITPolicyofthe • Toemergeasa

termsofITinfrastructure stateis'ICTpolicy rolemodelfor

and2ndintermsof framework2016'.The smartgovernance

e-participation. highlightsare: inthedeliveryof

• Creationofaclusterforthat citizenservices

initiative(Ex:GAMEpark, • Toposition

DataAnalyticspark,Data Telanganaasa

Centercampusetc.) leadingglobal

• Creationofspecialized hubfor

wingswithintheITE&C entrepreneurship

Departmenttofocus andinnovation

exclusivelyonspeci�icareas • Totransform

(Ex:PhotonicsValley Telanganainto

Corporation). themostpreferred

• Developmentofthematic destinationfor

trainingandinnovation ITcompanies

centersandCentersof • Toempower

Excellence(Ex:IoT citizensinutilising

InnovationCenter) emerging

• Thegovernmentwillalso opportunitiesinthe

notifyadditionalincentives digitalworld

forcompaniesthattakeup • Toestablishstate



R&Dandproduct astheleaderinkey

Developmentinthese emerging

emergingareas.

• Attractivebene�itsand

incentiveswillbeprovided

tothe�irst

fewanchorclientsforeach

oftheseareas.

TamilNadu • TamilNaduranks2ndin • TheICTpolicyofTamilNadu • TamilNadushall

internetreadiness,3rd is8yearsold.Thepolicy betheICTHub

inE-infrastructureand wasunveiledin2008-09. ofSouthAsiaby

ITEnvironment. creatinga

knowledge

driven

ecosystem,

leveraging

entrepreneurship

andpromoting

sociallyinclusive

growthto

achievea25%

productionshare

oftheIndian

ICTindustry.

Bihar • Biharisoneofweak • TheICTPolicywasunveiled • Toendeavourfor

statesininternet in2011. rapidexpansion

readiness,andneedsto andgrowthof

pullupsigni�icantlyto knowledge

beabletocompetewith basedeconomy

theotherstates. inthestate.

• Tobridgethe

digitaldivide

whichseparates

thecitizenin

urbanareasfrom

thoseinrural

areasby

creatingan

unparalleledIT

infrastructure&

deliveronline

servicestoevery

citizeninthestate

• TomakeBihar

thenext

destinationof

investmentin

theIT/ITES/EHM

industriesand



fuelthe

developmentof

thestate

• TomakeBihar

thefrontrunner

stateingood

governance

throughICT

(Informationand

Communication

Technology)

enablement.

UttarPradesh • UttarPradeshranks • Thepolicyiscalled • TouseITasa

14thininternet 'InformationTechnologyand vehiclefor

readinessamongst Start-upPolicy2016' economic

largestates.Itranked • Thepolicyshallbe developmentof

7thinITinfrastructure. implementedbasedona4 UttarPradesh

pointstrategy– withinclusive

ITinfrastructure growthtocreate

development,Human avibrantsociety

Capital/SkillDevelopment, withahigh

Incentivesand qualityoflife.

IndustryFacilitation.

Punjab • Punjabranks5thin • Thenewdraftreportonthe • Makeall internetreadiness,1st newICTpolicyisyet-to- Government ine-infrastructure,6th unveiled.Thepolicy services ine-participationand highlightsare(nospeci�ics): accessible24x7 5thingovernment • Toredesigngovernmental tothecommon forms,processesand manat structurestomakethem affordablecosts adaptabletoe-Governance andinhassle • Alltheof�icesofthePunjab freemanner,and Governmenttobe ensure inter-connected ef�iciency, • Each&everyGovernment transparency& employeeoftheStateshall reliabilityofsuch beICTtrained services. • ThePolicyaimstomaintain andstrengthenthe leadershipoftheStateinthe areaofe-Governanceand takeittowardscitizen centrice-Governance. • Thepolicywouldenable Governmenttofunction moreef�icientlyand effectivelyandmove towardsaless-Paper environment.

Source:FieldvisitsbyNielsenandstategovernmentwebsites.



Internet-Readiness

The above discussion on internet readiness index

bringsintofocussomeinterestinginsights.Thecrucial

dr ivers o f in ternet read iness index are e -

infrastructure, e-Participation, IT environment and

government e-services. However, government e-

services initiatives cannot harness bene�its unless

people have access to the network tools (e-

infrastructure) and the skills to participate in an e-

ready environment (e-participation). Therefore, an

important pre-requisite of an e-ready society is

developed IT infrastructure, honed skills to use IT

infrastructure and ability to utilize the government

initiatives.

Maharashtra, Karnataka,Delhi andTamilNaduhave

beenthebestperformingstates,howeveronemustnot

forgetthatthereasonsfortheirgoodperformancelie

inthepoliciesthattheyhaveenactedonaregularbasis.

Whilemost of the states do have an ICT policy, the

successliesinthesuccessfulimplementationofthese

policiesalongwitharegularreviewcyclethatkeeps

theprogressincheck.Thefollowinglistbasedonthe

policies of successful states can serve as a broad

roadmapfortheweakstates:

a. Aclear ITpolicyplanthatgetsupdatedevery

couple of years , so as to address the

shortcomings and promote the policies that

seemtobebearingfruits.

b. A regular review to see where the objectives

standtoensurethattheprogressisunderway.

c. Tohaveametricstomeasuretheperformance.

Thisisthemostcrucialofthelot.Whileitiseasy

tosaythataparticularstatewantstobecome

theIThubby2020,itisdif�iculttoputaroad

maptoitwithregularcheckpoints.

d. Beasobjectiveaspossible,morepreciseinstead

of vague statements. The policy statements

shouldreadlike“toachieveFDIworth$3million

by 2020” rather than “become the most

preferred FDI destination”. The former

statement ismore likely toact asbenchmark,

whilethelatteroneisopentointerpretations.

e. Aclearcutdemarcationofresponsibilitiesand

powers is necessary to ensure accountability.

Peopleresponsible forachievingcertaingoals

should provide a roadmap, and a proper

explanationiftheobjectivesarenotmet.

While it is important that the governments take

initiativestoeasetheaccesstopublicservicesforthe

citizens,itisequallyimportantthatsuchinitiativesare

takeninthelanguagethatthecitizensunderstand.For

example:apersonwhosenativelanguageisKannada

anddoesn'tspeak�luentEnglish,mustbeabletoaccess

websitesandapply forprovisions/connectionswith

equal ease. This forms one pillar for inclusive

development.Tounderstandwherestategovernments

standonthismeasure,thewebsitesofdifferentstate

governmentswererandomlyvisited.It'slaudablethat

mostwebsitesareavailablebothinEnglishandinthe

locallanguage.Whilethishasbeenalowhangingfruit

for most of the governments, there were initial

scepticalabouttheapplicationformsetc.thataremost

oftenthannotentirelyinEnglish.Theresearchteam

visitedwebsites(ofpublicservicessuchaselectricity

connection, water connection etc.) of Maharashtra,

Karnataka,Assam,Gujarat,Punjab,UttarPradeshand

Tripura. Theydownloaded forms randomly to check

whetherthecontentisavailableintheirlocallanguage

ornot.Thestudyfoundthattheformsareavailablein

thelocallanguageandEnglish.Thisisawelcomestep

thatwillensurethatthemassesgetaccesstoservices

online in their local languages that they understand

andcomprehend.


IndexCore Internet

The internet readiness index captures the digital

preparednessandpotentialof thestatesbasedondifferent

metrics.Theindexisusefulinprovidingasenseofthestatus

quo of the states vis-a-vis each other. While the internet

readinessindextalksaboutthestatesinaverybroadsense,it

wasfeltthatanotherindexisrequiredthatprovidesasharper

perspective.Forexample:acompanyundergoingexpansion

wouldbeinterestedinknowingwhichstates/citiesofIndia

are ready to support/deliverdigitally.Withmoreandmore

start-ups focussing on the sharing economy and the

government'sstressontheuseoftechnologytodeliverbetter

services, it is crucial that before a company expands they

shouldbecognizantofwhattheyaregettinginto.Whilethere

aremultiplefactorsthathelpdecidethecompaniesontheir

expansion,internetinfrastructureisincreasingly

becoming an indispensable factor. The Core

Internet Index provides the �irst �ilter while

scanningforpotentialplacesforexpansion.

TheCore Internet indexcombines thevariables

already used in the sub-indices. The variables

used are a) mobile subscribers (a proxy for

existingconsumers),b)thepercentageofschools

with computer facility (a proxy for potential

consumers), c) the number of e-transactions in

business to citizen services (a proxy of current

magnitude of the e-commerce sector), d) the

number of e-transactions in statutory andnon-

statutoryservices(aproxyof internetadoption

rate),e)thenumberofFacebookusers(aproxy

for the regular users of the internet), f ) the

numberoftechnicalworkers(aproxyforsupport

staffavailable),g)thetotalnumberofe-services

(aproxyforthescaleofe-services),h)operational

CSCs (a proxy for government support), i) the

number of Aadhar card issued (a proxy for

government openness). All the variables were

standardisedtoensurethatthecomparisonsare

meaningful.

TherankingofthestatesonthebasisoftheCoreInternetIndexis:

Keralatopsthelistforthelargestatesprimarilyduetothehighest%ofschoolswithcomputerfacility,thehighestnumberofstatutoryandnon-statutoryservicesper100population,thehighestnumberofe-servicesper100populationandthehighestnumberofAadharcardsissued.Biharliesatthebottomendofthelist.Amongstthesmallstates/UTs,DelhitopsthelistfollowedbyChandigarh.IntheNorthEasternstates,Meghalayatopsthelist.

LargeStates

Kerala Himachal Pradesh Gujarat

Telangana AndhraPradesh Punjab

Maharashtra MadhyaPradesh Uttarakhand

TamilNadu Haryana Jammu&Kashmir

Karnataka Rajasthan Chhattisgarh

Odisha Jharkhand UttarPradesh

WestBengal Bihar

SmallStates/Uts

Delhi

Chandigarh

Lakshadweep

Daman&Diu

Puducherry

Andaman&NicobarIslands

Goa

Dadra&NagarHaveli

NorthEasternStates

Meghalaya

Nagaland

Sikkim

Mizoram

ArunachalPradesh

Tripura

Manipur

Core Internet Index 39

ConclusionInnutshell,thereportdrawsacomparisonbetweentheIndianstatesin

termsofinternet-readiness.Thisreportdivesdeepertounderstandthe

contribution and the current status of the Indian states in terms of

internet-readiness.SomeofthestatessuchasDelhi,Maharashtraand

Karnatakaarealreadyquiteadvanced,theotherstatessuchasBihar

andChhattisgarhneedsubstantialimprovement.

Inthisstudy,Internetreadinessindexismeasuredbyaggregatingfour

broad dimensions, viz., e-Infrastructure, e-Participation, IT

environment and government e-services. Each of these broad

dimensionsisacombinationofseveralrelevantsub-dimensions.

Overall,e-participationisveryhighinmanystates(~8states)i.e.more

andmoreindividualsareinutilizingITservicesandparticipatinginan

ITenvironment.However,whenoneexplores thee-infrastructure in

thesestatesonlyKerala,PunjabandDelhiseemtobeperformingwell.

Not surprisingly, the IT sector is concentrated in a few states –

Karnataka,MaharashtraandTamilNadu,whiletheotherstates/UTslag

behind.Notably,governmente-servicesarehigh/veryhighinalmostall

thestates,barringJ&Kandthenortheasternstates.

Major�indings:

a. Delhioccupiesthe�irstrankintermsofinternetreadinessindex,

notonlyamongstsmallstatesandUTsbutalsowhenallthestates

aretakentogether, followedbyKarnataka,Maharashtra,Kerala

andTamilNadu. Delhigetsthisrankprimarilybecauseofitstop

performanceine-infrastructureande-participationindex.Ithas

thehighesttele-density(238per1000population),thehighest

numberofmobilesubscribers(192per100population)andthe

highestrevenuepersubscriber(Rs200permobilesubscriber).

b. AmongstsmallstatesandUTs,Chandigarhgetsthesecondspot

withPuducherryaclosebehind.LikeDelhi,Chandigarhperforms

extremely well on two indices – e-participation and e-

infrastructure.

c. Nagalandparks itselfat thetopwithatoughcompetitionfrom

ManipurandNagaland.

Conclusion 40

AppendixDATACOLLECTIONANDANALYSIS

MethodofDataCollection

AnexhaustivesecondaryresearchwasconductedtocollectinformationrelatedtointernetreadinessofIndia.Basicdata

hasbeensourcedfromallof�icialgovernmentsourcessuchasTelecomRegulatoryAuthorityofIndia(TRAI),Department

of Information,CommunicationandTechnology,District InformationSystemforEducation(DISE), IndianCensusetc.

However,afewcriticalindicatorsthatwereessentialforevaluatingthequalitativeaspectofinternetreadinessofastate

couldnotbeobtainedfromsecondarysources.AnattemptwasthereforemadetocollectinformationfromtheStateIT

of�ices.

InformationCollectedfromSecondarySources

Table6providesinformationabouttheseriescollectedfromsecondarysources:

Table6:Indexparameters,theirsourcesandtheirlatestyear

Measure Source Year

Tele-Density TRAI 2015

Mobilesubscribersperpersonabove15yearsofage COAI 2015

Numberofinternetserviceproviders TRAI 2016

Mobilesubscriberswithinternetaccessperpersonabove15yearsofage TRAI 2015

Percentageofschoolswithcomputerfacility DISE 2014-15

Numberofpostof�icesunder'ProjectArrow'–postof�icesthatremodernized IndiaStat 2015andenabledwithITservices

Publicwi-�ihotspots IndianExpress 2016

RatioofNumberofadultscompletedprimaryorhigherlevelofeducationtototalpopulation AISHE 2014-15

Averagerevenueperuseronmobileservices COAI 2015-16

No.ofe-transactionsinUtilityBillpaymentsperlakhpersonabove15years eTAAL 2015-16

No.ofe-transactionsinBusinesstoCitizen(B2C)Servicesperlakhpersonabove15years eTAAL 2015-16

No.ofe-transactionsinInformationalServicesperlakhpersonabove15years eTAAL 2015-16

No.ofe-transactionsinStatutoryandNon-Statutoryservicesperlakhpersonabove15years eTAAL 2015-16

FacebookUsers Facebook 2015-16

No.ofITcompaniesper'000population NASSCOM 2015-16

RatioofITWorkerstoTotalWorkers MinistryofLabourandEmployment 2013-14

Numberofdigitalstart-ups NASSCOM 2015

Numberofdigitalstart-upincubators DepartmentofInformationandTechnologye 2015

%ofKiosksinstalledunderRuralWirelineBroadbandSchemeinIndia IndiaStat 2014-15

ExpenditureIncurredonOperationalCommonServiceCentersperperson DepartmentofInformationandTechnology 2014-15

No.ofe-servicesrolledoutforcitizenparticipation eTAAL 2015-16

NumbersofCSCs DepartmentofInformationandTechnology 2014-15

Appendix 41

Abriefdescriptionofthedifferentsourcesofdataused

isgivenbelow:

a. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI,

http://www.trai.gov.in):TRAIwasestablishedwith

effect from 20th February, 1997 by an act of

parliament, called the Telecom Regulatory

Authority of India Act, 1997 to regulate telecom

services, including �ixation/revision of tarrifs, for

telecomserviceswhichwere earlier vested in the

centralgovernment.TheannualreportofTRAIgives

state level details of tele-density, broadband and

narrowbandsubscribersatthecirclelevel

b Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis

Layer (eTaal; Department of Electronics and

InformationTechnology,http://etaal.gov.in):eTaal

isawebportal fordisseminationofe-Transaction

statistics of National level and State level

government e-services projects including Mission

ModeProjects.Itreceivestransactionstatisticsfrom

web based applications periodically on near real

time basis. eTaal presents quick analysis of

transaction counts by various government e-

servicesprojects.

c. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE;

http://www.aicte-india.org): All India Council of

TechnicalEducationwassetupinNovember1945

asanational levelApexAdvisoryBodytoconduct

surveyonthefacilitiesontechnicaleducationandto

promote development in the country in a

coordinated and integratedmanner. It gives state

level reports on annual intake in technical

education.

d. National Association of Software and Service

Companies (NASSCOM; http://www.nasscom.in):

NASSCOM is a trade association of Indian

InformationTechnology(IT)andBusinessProcess

Outsourcingestablishedin1988.Thesurveybased

data of NASSCOM collects �inancial and other

information from its member companies and the

participatingcompanies.

e. District Information System for Education (DISE):

This is the only comprehensive database on

elementaryeducationinIndiawhichiscreatedby

theNationalUniversityofEducationalPlanningand

Administration with the �inancial support of

UNICEF.Thesurveycollectsinformationfromboth

primaryandupperprimaryschoolsofalldistrictsin

the country. In this analysis data on schoolswith

computerfacilityisused

f. Census of India, 2011: Census of India provides

detailed information on demography, economic

a c t i v i t y, e d u c a t i o n a n d o t h e r h o u s i n g

characteristics.TheOf�iceoftheRegistrarGeneral

and Census Commissioner, India under the Union

MinistryofHomeAffairsisthenodalauthorityfor

conductingdecennialCensusinthecountry.Dataon

internetpenetration isused fromCensusof India,

2011.

InformationCollectedfromStateITof�ices

States ITof�iceswerevisited inorder to collectboth

quantitative and qualitative information related to

internetreadiness.

A. QuantitativeInformation

• No.ofITParks

• EmploymentinITparks

• No.ofDepts.havingweb-siteinlocallanguages

• ExpenditureorBudgetdocumentofITdept.

• Apps launched by state governments for

consumerinterest

• Canyoupleaseprovidedatathatcanmeasurethe

successofNationalgovernmente-servicesPlan

• No. and percentage of Urban local bodies

completelycomputerized

• Percentageofsuccessesintrackingcrimesunder

the Crime and Criminal Tracking Networking

System (A scheme approved by the Cabinet

CommitteeonEconomicAffairsinJune,2009)

• No.andpercentageofPanchayatRajInstitutions

fullycomputerized

• No. of districts bene�itted by e-District project

(oneof31missionmodeprojectsunderNational

governmente-servicesPlan)

• No. and percentage of Road Transport Of�ices

computerized

• Howmanypostof�icesareconvertedintomulti-

service centres as per the e-Kranti digital

programmeoftheGovernment?

Appendix 42

B.QualitativeInformation

• WhenwastheICTPolicyinitiated?Howoftenis

theICTpolicyamended

• Is there any institutional mechanism to

implementandreviewprogressofICTpolicy

• PleaseshareadetaileddocumentonICTpolicyof

yourstate

• Any new initiative undertaken to promote

internetreadinesssince2013

• Pleasesharedocumentsshowcasingthesuccess

ofyourstateinthe�ieldofinternetreadiness

• State speci�ic policies to promote research in

electronicsandIT/ITeS

• State speci�ic policies to encourage set up of

digitalstart-up.

• Informationcontentavailableinlocallanguage.

Multiple attempts were made to collect information

fromallstates,particularlyforquanti�iableindicators.

Unfortunately,many states reported that theydonot

maintainanyrepositoryforsuchinformation.However,

qualitativeinformationcouldbeobtainedfrommostof

thestates.

Table7A:Parametersofthee-InfrastructureIndex

State TeleDensity MobileSubscribers No.ofinternet No.ofmobile NumberofPost %ofschoolswith (Telephone permillionpopulation serviceprovidersper subscriberswith Of�icesModernized computerfacility connectionsper inagegroup15-60 millionpopulation Internetaccess andUpgradedunder thousandpopulation) permillionpopulation ProjectArrowLook inagegroup15-60 andFeelActivityin Indiapermillion population

LargeStates

AndhraPradesh 49.08 60.63 21.00 29.54 2.29 0.30Assam 53.95 47.97 13.00 33.77 1.54 0.08Bihar 51.20 42.43 9.00 25.44 0.78 0.05Chhattisgarh 60.25 40.48 12.00 37.79 1.63 0.09Gujarat 95.61 72.7 70.00 39.69 1.84 0.73Haryana 82.67 50.76 20.00 47.73 2.04 0.44HimachalPradesh 114.52 75.07 23.00 47.26 6.16 0.22Jammu&Kashmir 76.93 57.03 11.00 44.55 2.73 0.16Jharkhand 51.20 42.62 9.00 25.44 0.78 0.09Karnataka 97.54 60.60 8.00 50.17 2.09 0.30Kerala 95.41 65.86 20.00 57.29 3.55 0.93MadhyaPradesh 60.25 40.69 0.00 37.79 1.64 0.13Maharashtra 80.75 53.48 9.00 38.64 0.21 0.51Odisha 66.85 46.71 12.00 34.83 2.43 0.11Punjab 103.79 69.17 15.00 62.5 52.69 0.52Rajasthan 77.76 60.46 13.00 34.48 2.76 0.23TamilNadu 117.52 63.39 24.00 47.75 3.19 0.54Telangana 49.08 60.26 20.00 56.33 2.28 0.50UttarPradesh 60.51 49.42 8.00 30.27 0.84 0.11Uttarakhand 60.51 49.39 22.00 30.27 0.83 0.32WestBengal 105.00 43.21 7.00 45.01 1.39 0.11

SmallStates/UnionTerritories

Andaman&NicobarIslands 105.00 43.68 6.00 45.01 1.40 0.53Chandigarh 82.67 51.11 0.00 47.73 2.05 0.96Dadra&NagarHaveli 95.61 68.78 0.00 39.69 1.74 0.36Daman&Diu 95.61 68.26 0.00 39.69 1.73 0.58Delhi 237.991 91.78 9.00 51.55 4.81 0.82Goa 80.75 54.34 30.00 38.64 0.21 0.39Lakshadweep 95.41 66.06 13.00 57.29 3.56 1.00Puducherry 117.52 61.88 0.00 47.75 3.11 0.96

NorthEasternStates

ArunachalPradesh 77.00 60.46 6.00 39.10 7.62 0.24

Appendix 43

Table7B:Parametersofe-ParticipationIndex

Manipur 77.00 61.66 35.00 39.10 7.77 0.25Meghalaya 77.00 60.68 8.00 39.10 7.64 0.08Mizoram 77.00 61.00 7.00 39.10 7.68 0.32Nagaland 77.00 63.19 6.00 39.10 7.96 0.35Sikkim 105.00 42.06 0.00 45.01 1.35 0.53Tripura 77.00 61.89 0.00 39.10 7.80 0.11

State No.ofEnrolledin No.ofFacebook AverageRevenue No.ofe-transactions No.ofe-transactions No.of

MA/M.Phil./PHD usersper100 perMobile inutilitybill ininformational e-transactionsin

per'00personinthe population Subscriber payments-Interactive servicespermillion businesstocitizen

agegroup20-35 Servicespermillion population servicespermillion

years population population

LargeStates

AndhraPradesh 483.00 16.96 235.16 219331.53 106160.64 67518.33Assam 205.17 5.63 161.43 17.65 2401.54 64389.32Bihar 107.19 2.28 103.45 7.61 3081.09 41834.73Chhattisgarh 195.06 3.87 119.86 87880.77 1001427.11 349155.82Gujarat 214.73 10.00 256.10 757438.22 2690557.51 26073.49Haryana 331.06 12.72 169.88 120982.93 10093.74 32588.92HimachalPradesh 408.27 14.52 257.97 522479.87 27847.81 67036.04Jammu&Kashmir 537.10 9.86 273.96 0.76 16367.29 19366.76Jharkhand 125.17 4.04 103.92 366.42 10077.91 93444.36Karnataka 364.26 11.74 303.48 560961.97 17116.38 69668.26Kerala 337.15 16.51 410.07 142336.43 1299790.10 18990.92MadhyaPradesh 286.69 5.56 120.46 57268.27 447103.74 552418.70Maharashtra 365.25 14.59 203.90 12252.52 22874.72 27512.17Odisha 114.83 5.04 111.05 4989.36 459595.47 54912.12Punjab 380.75 14.38 346.63 41704.14 206670.33 28585.43Rajasthan 246.96 6.87 200.59 178125.13 13921.29 85982.36TamilNadu 660.27 11.49 301.68 242986.87 1133632.39 20841.51Telangana 616.78 20.90 297.97 479864.42 1512.43 51402.37UttarPradesh 203.69 4.36 142.60 22064.45 882365.17 33943.66Uttarakhand 574.30 14.05 142.52 49487.10 6836.21 34354.70WestBengal 196.94 7.17 94.74 143.34 1251126.68 63852.75

SmallStates/UnionTerritories

Andaman&Nicobar

Islands 493.84 7.84 95.76 75.86 0.00 17495.64Chandigarh 2064.40 51.90 171.07 1696832.26 90257.98 26234.38

Dadra&Nagar

Haveli 72.44 12.88 242.08 38477.42 2668.11 44751.19Daman&Diu 0.00 41.41 240.22 35429.78 214.67 19716.83Delhi 736.71 40.50 1076.05 636028.73 109315.49 24503.06Goa 485.56 8.93 98.54 0.00 5673.44 4421.35Lakshadweep 37.60 8.42 411.29 7772527.91 15293279.56 3293.45Puducherry 1188.21 16.70 294.52 32.01 37895.07 13284.48

NorthEasternStates

ArunachalPradesh 350.21 5.99 217.21 12.73 928.85 21909.24Manipur 247.76 9.56 221.52 343.66 5027.14 49440.03Meghalaya 242.22 7.37 218.00 16617.81 7622.01 1305042.00Mizoram 319.99 19.12 219.13 0.83 245.27 44695.85Nagaland 338.65 6.53 227.02 0.00 5773.19 16160.90Sikkim 768.00 19.76 92.22 0.00 6756.40 1756.54Tripura 207.84 5.66 222.35 39.14 86540.46 50303.43

Table 7C: Parameters of IT Economy Index

State No.ofITcompaniesregistered %ofTechnicalworkersoutof No.ofdigitalstartups No.ofstart-upincubators withNASSCOMperlakh Totalworkers population

LargeStates

AndhraPradesh 13.00 2.24 0.00 4.00Assam 1.00 2.51 0.00 2.00Bihar 1.00 2.24 0.00 4.00Chhattisgarh 1.00 2.81 0.00 1.00Gujarat 45.00 2.87 0.00 14.00Haryana 143.00 3.06 0.00 3.00HimachalPradesh 0.00 3.27 0.00 0.00Jammu&Kashmir 0.00 5.61 0.00 1.00Jharkhand 0.00 2.22 0.00 1.00Karnataka 406.00 2.53 1092.00 27.00

Appendix 44

Kerala 68.00 4.40 0.00 16.00MadhyaPradesh 23.00 1.81 0.00 3.00Maharashtra 338.00 3.32 714.00 17.00Odisha 7.00 2.17 0.00 6.00Punjab 6.00 3.11 0.00 5.00Rajasthan 13.00 2.41 0.00 6.00TamilNadu 275.00 2.21 252.00 61.00Telangana 0.00 2.24 336.00 15.00UttarPradesh 307.00 2.50 0.00 25.00Uttarakhand 6.00 2.34 0.00 4.00WestBengal 81.00 2.42 0.00 11.00

SmallStates/UTs

Andaman&NicobarIslands 0.00 7.64 0.00 1.00Chandigarh 13.00 8.19 0.00 0.00Dadra&NagarHaveli 0.00 1.62 0.00 0.00Daman&Diu 0.00 5.24 0.00 0.00Delhi 88.00 4.80 966.00 9.00Goa 2.00 10.80 0.00 5.00Lakshadweep 0.00 8.28 0.00 0.00Puducherry 2.00 2.84 0.00 0.00

NorthEasternStates

ArunachalPradesh 1.00 5.76 0.00 0.00Manipur 0.00 4.15 0.00 1.00Meghalaya 1.00 4.11 0.00 0.00Mizoram 0.00 4.11 0.00 0.00Nagaland 0.00 4.75 0.00 0.00Sikkim 0.00 4.18 0.00 0.00Tripura 0.00 3.85 0.00 0.00

Table7D:ParametersofGovernmente-ServicesIndex

State %ofTargetKiosksthatwere OperationalCSCs(Rural+ ExpenditureincurredperCSC No.ofe-services

installed Urban+IntegratedKiosks)

perlakhpopulation

LargeStates

AndhraPradesh 0.46 8.05 0.52 261.00Assam 0.31 11.59 1.24 65.00Bihar 0.46 7.09 0.42 57.00Chhattisgarh 0.61 11.17 0.28 127.00Gujarat 0.26 20.55 0.11 209.00Haryana 0.74 0.81 3.07 100.00HimachalPradesh 0.18 45.70 0.45 89.00Jammu&Kashmir 0.27 8.42 1.75 57.00Jharkhand 0.46 12.84 0.36 88.00Karnataka 0.89 1.37 0.00 92.00Kerala 0.97 5.85 0.07 190.00MadhyaPradesh 0.66 16.53 0.26 206.00Maharashtra 0.43 25.64 0.05 138.00Odisha 0.79 14.24 0.51 104.00Punjab 0.88 11.99 0.20 172.00Rajasthan 0.76 9.46 0.30 116.00TamilNadu 0.99 1.44 0.65 113.00Telangana 0.00 9.26 0.00 224.00UttarPradesh 0.00 8.15 0.22 164.00Uttarakhand 0.27 18.77 0.30 75.00WestBengal 0.11 6.49 0.53 114.00

SmallStates/UTs

Andaman&Nicobar

Islands 0.02 1.00 0.00 32.00Chandigarh 0.00 2.41 0.00 56.00Dadra&NagarHaveli 0.00 1.84 0.28 35.00Daman&Diu 0.00 0.32 0.00 62.00Delhi 0.00 0.49 0.00 83.00Goa 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.00Lakshadweep 0.00 22.56 0.31 32.00Puducherry 0.00 3.90 0.12 60.00

SmallStates/UTs

ArunachalPradesh 0.00 12.73 1.85 38.00Manipur 0.00 14.41 2.66 59.00Meghalaya 0.00 6.75 1.186 0.00Mizoram 0.00 11.30 1.56 47.00Nagaland 0.00 10.89 1.69 58.00Sikkim 0.00 4.65 5.16 30.00Tripura 0.00 3.69 1.68 68.00

Appendix 45

The Internet and Mobile Association of India [IAMAI] is a young and vibrant association with ambitions of

representing the entire gamut of digital businesses in India. Itwas established in 2004 by the leading online

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Thirteenyearsafteritsestablishment,theassociationisstilltheonlyprofessionalindustrybodyrepresentingthe

digitalandmobilecontentindustryinIndia.TheassociationisregisteredundertheSocietiesActandisarecognized

charity inMaharashtra.Withamembershipofover300IndianandMNCcompanies,andwithof�ices inDelhi,

Mumbai,BengaluruandKolkata,theassociationiswellplacedtoworktowardschartingagrowthpathforthedigital

industryinIndia.

Contact:DrAmitayuSengupta|[email protected]|+91-11-41766610

NielsenHoldingsplc(NYSE:NLSN)isaglobalperformancemanagementcompanythatprovidesacomprehensive

understandingofwhatconsumersWatchandBuy.TheCompany'sWatchsegmentprovidesmediaandadvertising

clientswithNielsenTotalAudiencemeasurement servicesacrossalldeviceswherecontent—video,audioand

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oftheworld'spopulation.Formoreinformation,visit:www.nielsen.com/in

Contact:Mr.DriptoMukhopadhyay|[email protected]

march 2017 index of internet readiness of indian …...message from iamai i am pleased to present...

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