marine and water quality surveys for drainage outfall

AECOS,Inc.[FILE:1238A.DOCX] Page|1

MarinebiologicalandwaterqualitysurveysforHanapepeLoopdrainageoutfallimprovements,MaunaluaBay,Honolulu,O‘ahu,Hawai‘i1

October24,2011 DRAFT AECOSNo.1262FStaceyKilarskiAECOS,Inc.45‐939KamehamehaHwy,Suite104Kāne‘ohe,Hawai‘i96744Phone:(808)234‐7770Fax:(808)234‐7775Email:[email protected]

Introduction

In October 2011, AECOS, Inc. biologists conducted water quality and marinesurveys to assess themarine resources on the limestone bench and reef flatfrontingadrainageoutfallat150HanapepeLoop,Portlock,O‘ahu.(Fig.1).ThestormdrainlinecollectsstreetrunofffromHanapepeLoopandthesurroundingurbanized area and terminates at the drain outfall into Maunalua Bay. ThereconstructionofHanapepeLoopdrainageoutfall(theProject)proposedbytheCountyandCountyofHonoluluincludesreplacementoftheconcretedrainageoutfallandheadwallstructuresalongtheshoreline.Thisinvolvesremovalandreconstruction of the existing concrete headwall structure (21 linear ft) withcast‐in‐placeconcreteandremovalandreplacementofaportion(7linearft)oftheexistingdrainoutlet.Allin‐waterworkwillbedonewithhandequipment.Awater‐inflateddamwillbeusedasacofferdamtoisolatetheworkareafromthemarine environment. Any water pumped from the construction site (andwater fromthedam itself)willbepumped toaGeotubeTMmobiledewateringsystem, located on Hanapepe loop within a 30 cu.yd roll‐off container. Thepurpose of this survey and report is to identify sensitive biological resourcesthatmaybeimpactedbytheProject.

1ReportpreparedforBill’sEngineeringforuseinprojectpermitting.Thisdocumentwillbecomepartofthepublicrecordfortheproject.

Marinebiologyandwaterqualitysurveys MAUNALUABAY

AECOSInc.[FILE:1262F.docx] Page|2

Figure1.ProjectlocationontheIslandofO‘ahu.

SiteDescriptionThe Project is located along the shoreline adjacent to a residential lot at 150HanapepeLoop, inPortlockon thesouthernshoreofO‘ahu. Theshoreline inthe project vicinity faces nearly duewest intoMaunalua Bay. To the east isKokoHead, and to thenorth isMaunaluaBayLaunchRamp facility. Acoastalaccess pathway near Kawaihoa Point provides public access to the westernshoreline of Koko Head. People frequent the small beach just north of theproject site (Koke`e Beach Park); surf at breaks “Pillars” or “China wall;”spearfisharoundPortlockPoint;andfishfromthebreakwater,footbridge,andmarinebenchinMaunaluaBayLaunchRampfacility.Fronting the drainage outfall is a wide (approximately 40 ft) intertidallimestone bench with depressions that are periodically filled with seawater(tidepools; Fig. 2). Other portions of the limestone bench remain inundatedthroughout the tidal cycle. A fringing reef extends about 915 m (3,000 ft)offshoreandisprimarilymadeupofanancientlimestoneplatformcoveredbyalgaeandhavingvery littlecoralcover,acharacteristic typicalofshallowreefareasoffthesouthcoastofO‘ahu.



Figure2.Drainageoutfallandheadwallfrontedbylimestonebenchandwater

filleddepressionsatProjectsite.

MethodsMarineBiotaOnOctober 11, 2011,AECOSbiologists conducted a biological reconnaissancesurveyofmarineresourcesattheProjectvicinity. Biologistswalkedalongtheintertidallimestonebenchduringanebbingtide.Thesurveybeganat9:30am,41 minutes before the 0.4‐ft low tide (higher low water or HLW). BiologistssnorkeledthewatersoffshorefromtheProjectarea,approximately21m(70ft)fromtheshoreline.Watervisibilityduringthesurveywasabout2m(6 ft)onthereefflat.Marinealgae,fishes,andmacroinvertebrateswereidentifiedinthefield and verified with various texts (Hoover, 1999; Huisman, et al. 2007). Alisting, including relative abundances, of species of macroalgae (limu) andmarineanimalsobservedinbothareasispresentedasAppendixA.



WaterQualityTocharacterizethewaterqualityaroundthedrainageoutfallandheadwall,andto contribute to establishing baselinewater quality conditions for the Projectarea, three sampling stations were established (Fig. 3). Station “Impact” islocatedinthewater‐filledlimestonedepressioninfrontofthedrainageoutfall.Sta. “South” is located off the shoreline at the edge of the limestone bench,approximately15m(50ft)southofthedrainageoutfall.Sta.“North”islocatedofftheshorelineattheedgeofthelimestonebench,approximately30m(90ft)northoftheoutfall.

Figure3.HanapepeLoopDrainageOutfallImprovementProjectwaterquality

samplingstations.

Fieldmeasurements for temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO)were taken in situ at eachmonitoring station. Water sampleswere collectedfromjustbelowthesurfaceateachstationinappropriatecontainers,preservedon ice, and taken toAECOS laboratory inKāne‘ohe,O‘ahu. Collected sampleswere analyzed for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate+nitrite,ammonia,totalnitrogen,totalphosphorus,andchlorophyllα.Table1liststhefieldinstrumentsandanalyticalmethodsusedtoevaluatethesesamples.



Table1.AnalyticalmethodsandinstrumentsusedfortheOctober11,2011waterqualityanalysestocharacterizenearshorewatersoffHanapepeLoopdrainage

outfall,MaunaluaBay,O‘ahu.

Analysis Method Reference Instrument

Temperature EPA170.1 USEPA(1983) YSIModel85DOmeter

Salinity benchsalinometer Grasshoffetal.(1999) AGEModel2100salinometer

pH EPA150.1 USEPA(1983) HannahpocketpHmeter

DissolvedOxygen EPA360.1 USEPA(1983) YSIModel85DOmeter

Turbidity EPA180.1,Rev.2.0 USEPA(1993) Hach2100NTurbidimeterTotalSuspendedSolids

SM2540D SM(1998) MettlerH31balance

Nitrate+Nitritenitrogen

EPA353.2Rev.2.0 USEPA(1993) TechniconAutoAnalyzerII

Ammonianitrogen SM4500‐NH3B/CGrasshoffetal.(1999) TechniconAutoAnalyzerII

TotalNitrogen persulfatedigestionEPA353.2

Grasshoffetal.(1999) TechniconAutoAnalyzerII

TotalPhosphorus EPA365.1Rev.2.0 USEPA(1993) TechniconAutoAnalyzerIIChlorophyllα SM10200H SM(1998) TurnerModel112fluorometer

ResultsWaterQualityWater quality results are summarized in Table 2. Values for temperature,dissolvedoxygen (DO), and salinity at Sta. Impactwereelevatedcompared tothe stations North and South. The water was supersaturated (saturationgreaterthan100%)withoxygenatallthreestations.SalinitymeasuredatSta.Impactisindicativeofsomefreshwaterinput,whichisalsoreflectedinthelowpH. Chlorophyll α, a direct indicator of phytoplankton biomass, was slightlyelevatedatallthreestations,aswereturbidityandtotalsuspendedsolids(TSS).Ammonia(adissolvedformof inorganicnitrogen)waselevatedatSta. Impactand North, and nitrate‐nitrite (another dissolved inorganic nitrogen moiety)was very high at Sta. Impact. Total nitrogen (TN), which includes inorganic,organic, and particulate nitrogen moieties, was high, especially at Sta. South.Totalphosphorus(TP)waslowatallthreestations.



Table2.WaterqualitycharacteristicsofnearshorewatersoffHanapepeLoop,

MaunaluaBay,O‘ahuasdeterminedatLHWonOctober11,2011.

Time

Temp. Salinity DO DOsat.

pH

sampled (°C) (ppt) (mg/l) (%)

Impact 11:09 27.4 28.9 9.61 143 7.99North 11:20 26.4 33.4 7.43 112 8.37South 11:15 26.0 33.4 6.93 104 8.30

Turbidity

TSS

AmmoniaNitrate+nitrite

TotalN

TotalP

Chlα

(ntu) (mg/l) (gN/l) (gN/l) (gN/l) (gP/l) (g/l)Impact 0.95 10 34 334 596 16 0.67North 1.34 13 35 10 228 5 0.54South 1.12 15 14 14 896 <4 0.67

MarineBiologyDrainageoutfallandheadwall‐Thedrainageoutfallissparselycoveredwithsmall numbersof barnacles (Chthamalusproteus).Noother lifewasobservedon the drainage outfall structure. The headwall structure was void of anygrowths. The limestone platform adjacent to the outfall and the water‐filleddepression directly in front of the outfall and headwall does not host anymacroalgaeormarineanimals(seeFig.2,above).Limestonebench‐Theareaoflimestonebenchclosesttothedrainageoutfalland headwall is submerged only at high tide, and therefore hosts organismsadaptedtoconditionsoftheupperinteridal.Mostnotableinthisareaarefalse‘opihi(Siphonarianormalisor‘opihi‘awa)andlittoralsnails(dottedperiwinkle;Littorariapintado).Smallnumbersofneritesnails (NeritapiceaandN.polita)anda‘amacrab(Grapsustenuicrustatus)occurintheintertidalzone.At the mid‐littoral zone, depressions in the limestone bench are regularlyexposed and submerged by tides. Thewater‐filled depressions host a diverseassemblage of organisms including: goby (Bathygobius sp.), marbled blenny(Entomacrodusmarmoratus),snakeheadcowry(Cypraeacaputserpentis), rock‐boring urchin (Echinometra mathaei and E. oblonga), ashy sea cucumber(Holothuriacinerascens),zooanthids(Zoanthussp.),andcorallinealgaenodules(Fig 4), One small black‐lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) was



observed.ThepearloysterisprotectedthroughouttheStateofHawai‘ianditisprohibited to “catch, take, kill, possess, remove, sell or offer for sale” a stateprotectedspecies(HAR§13‐83‐1).

Figure4.ThemidintertidalzoneoftheProjectvicinity,withaviewofthesouth

extentoflimestonebenchandwater‐filleddepressions.

A few small (<5 cm diameter) coral heads or fragments (Porites spp. andPocilloporaspp.)arepresentinthetidepools; theselikelycastupduringhighseaconditionsfromparentcoloniesontheadjacentreefflat.Algaefoundinthetidepools include:Caulerpa taxifola,Cladophoracatenata,Halimedadiscoidea,Microdictyon setchellianum, Actinotrichia fragilis, Chamipa parvula, Galaxaurarugosa,Gelidiellaacerosa,Laurenciamcdermidiae,Peyssonnelia rubra,Dictyotasandvicensis, Dictyoperis sp., Padina sanctae‐crucis, P. australis, Sargassumechinocarpum, S. polyphyllum, Turbinaria ornata, and Lyngbamajuscule,withPadina spp. and Sargassum spp. being themost abundant. At the edge of thelimestonebench,wavescrestandwitharisingtide,allowseawatertofloodthe



shoreline.Indicativeofthelowerlittoralzone,algaeisabundant,specificallythebrownalgalspecies,SargassumpolyphyllumandS.echinocarpum(Fig5).

Figure5.Lowerlittoralzoneoflimestonebench,wherethebrownalgae,

SargassumechinocarpumandS.polyphyllum,areabundant.

ReefFlat‐Thereefflatoffshoreofthelimestonebenchhasroughly1.5to2.5m(5 to 7 ft) of water depth with a slightly undulating limestone bottom andwidelyscatteredcoraloutcrops(Fig.6).Thelimestonebottomiscoveredwithfinesediment,low‐growing,turfyalgae,andisdeeplyscouredbyboringurchins(E. mathaei and E. oblonga), which are the most commonly seen macro‐invertebrate on the reef flat. Other invertebrates are uncommon and includepurse shells (Isognomon californicum and I. perna) and sea cucumbers(Actinopygamauritiana,Holothuriaatra,andH.cinerascens).Common algae species observed in the area include Jania micrarthrodia.Lithophyllum kotschayanum, Galaxura rugosa, Padina australis, and Halimeda



discoidea. Other species less commonly seen include Caulerpa serrulata, C.sertularioides,Microdictyon setchellianum, Coelothrix irregularis, Dichotomeriamarginata, Ganonema papenfussil, Peyssonnelia rubra, Portieria hornemannii,Tricleocarpa cylindrica, Padina sanctae‐crucis,Dictyota spp.,Neomeris sp. andtheinvasivespecies,Acanthophoraspicifera,israrelyseen.

Figure6.Scatteredcoraloutcropsandscouredlimestoneofthereefflatarea

offshorefromtheProjectvicinity.

In theProjectvicinity,coralsarerepresentedbyat least11species.Themostcommoncoralgenus isPoriteswith threespecies represented:P. lobata (lobecoral),P.lutea(moundcoral),andP.evermanni(brownlobecoral).Nextmostcommon isPocillopora,with twospecies:Poc. ligulata (thin cauliflower coral)and Poc.meandrina (cauliflower coral). Also present areMontipora capitata(rice coral), Montipora patula (sandpaper rice coral), Cyphastrea ocellina(ocellatedcoral),Leptastreapurpurea(crustcoral),andL.bewickensis (bewickcoral)allinlownumbersandhavinglowcover.In the area directly seaward of the shoreline to approximately 12 m (40 ft)offshore, corals are generally small, ranging in size between 5 to 25 cm in



diameter.ThediameterofoneL.bewickensiscolonywasmeasuredat40cmandafewPocilloporacoloniesofdiameter30cmwereencountered.Remnantcoralgrowth is evident by several large, partially dead, mound‐forming Poritescolonies. Inanareaapproximately18m(60 ft)offshore fromthe frontof thebench, several large (>100 cm) Porites colonies are present. Most of thesecoloniesappearquitehealthy,withminimalmortalityordamage.

Figure7.CommonfishspeciesobservedonreefflatoffshoreProjectvicinity

includeconvicttang(A.triostegus)andsaddlewrasse(T.duperrey).Thirtyspeciesoffisheswereidentifiedinthesurveyarea(seeAppendixA)Themost common fishes on the reef flat are wrasses (Family Labridae), withnumerous juvenile saddle wrasse (Thalassoma duperrey) and belted wrasse(Stethojoulis balteata) present. Various damselfish, including the brighteyedamsel (Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis), Hawaiian sergeant (Abudefdufabdominalis), and Hawaiian Gregory (Stegastesmarginatus) are also present.Small schools mullet (Mugil cephalus) are seen over the shallow reef flat.Convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus) and brown surgeonfish (A. nigrofuscus)feed on the sparse algae present (Fig. 7, above). Uncommonly seen speciesinclude palenose parrotfish (Scarus psittacus), square‐spot goatfish



(Mulloidichthys flavolineatus), and spotted boxfish (Ostracionmeleagris). Reeftriggerfish (Rhinecanthus rectangulus), Hawaiian whitespotted toby(Canthigaster jactator), Ambon toby (Canthigaster amboinensis), Raccoonbutterflyfish (Chaetodon lunula), Hawaiian lizardfish (Synodusulae),manybargoatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus), bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis),ringtail surgeonfish (A. blochii), orangeband surgeonfish (A. olivaceus), andbarredmoray(Echnidnapolyzona)areallrarefishesinthesurveyarea.

DiscussionWaterQualityWater quality samples collected on October 11, 2011 represent low tideconditionsonthatdateandresultscouldvarydependingupontidalstage.Muchof the environment immediately seaward of the Project site is intertidal. Theuppertidalareasofthelimestonebenchisdryatlowtideandnearlycompletelyinundatedathightide,whilethelowintertidalarearemainsfloodedthroughoutthe tidal cycle. Waves crest over the limestone bench with the rising tideallowingseawatertofloodthearea.The waters of Maunalua Bay between Paikō Peninsula and Koko Head areclassified in the Hawai‘iWater Quality Standards (HDOH, 2009) as a Class A“embayment”andasa“Class IInearshorereef flat.”MaunaluaBay is listedonthe Hawai‘i Department of Health (HDOH), 2006 list of impaired waters inHawai‘i,preparedunderCleanWaterAct§303(d)(HDOH,2008).ThislistingisbaseduponwaterqualitydatacollectedbyHDOHinMaunaluaBay(GeocodeIDHIW00016) and indicatesMaunalua Baymay notmeet Hawai‘i water qualitystandards for total nitrogen (TN), nitrate‐nitrite (NO2+NO3), ammonia (NH4),andchlorophyllαinthewetseason(presumablymeaningnotmeetingthewetcriteria, applicable when freshwater inflow equals or exceeds 1% of theembaymentvolumeperday).Theprimarypurposeofwaterqualitymeasurementspresentedinthisreportisto characterize theexistingaquaticenvironment,not to setbaselinevaluesordetermine compliance with Hawaii’s water quality standards. In fact, statecriteria for all nutrientmeasurements, turbidity, and chlorophyll α are basedupon having a representative geometric mean value to compare with thestandard;aminimumofthreeseparatesamplespersamplinglocationwouldberequiredtogeneratethismean.Ideally,multiplesamplingswouldencompassarangeofconditions“typical”forthislocation,includingbutnotlimitedtosucheventsasrising,versusebbingtide,wetversusdryweatherperiods,andevenstormevents. The criteria presented inTable 3maybeused, togetherwith a



data collected from a series of preconstruction sampling events, to developdecision rules as part of the data quality objectives (DQO) process in anapplicable monitoring and assessment program (AMAP) developed inaccordance with the required Clean Water Act, Section 401, Water QualityCertification(AECOS,2011).

Table3.SelectedStateofHawai‘iwaterqualitycriteriaforembayments(HAR§11‐54‐5.2;HDOH,2009).

Parameter

Geometricmeannottoexceedgiven

value

Valuenottobeexceededmorethan10%ofthe

time

Valuenottobeexceededmorethan2%ofthetime

Turbidity(NTU)

1.5*

0.40**

3.00*

1.00**

5.00*

1.50**TotalNitrogen

(µgN/L)200.00*

150.00**

350.00*

250.00**

500.00*

350.00**Nitrate‐Nitrite

(µgN/L)8.00*

5.00**

20.00*

14.00**

35.00*

25.00**Ammonia(µgN/L)

6.00*

3.50**

13.00*

8.50**

20.00*

15.00**Total

Phosphorus(µgP/L)

25.00*

20.00**

50.00*

40.00**

75.00*

60.00***Wetcriteriaapplywhentheaveragefreshwaterinflowfromthelandequalsorexceeds

onepercentoftheembaymentvolumeperday.

**Drycriteriaapplywhentheaveragefreshwaterinflowfromthelandislessthanone

percentoftheembaymentvolumeperday.

Thefollowingnon‐specificcriteriaareapplicabletoboth“wet”and“dry”conditions.

pHshallnotdeviatemorethan0.5unitsfrom8.1,exceptatcoastallocationswhereand

whenfreshwatermaydepressthepHtoaminimumof7.0.

Dissolvedoxygenshallnotbelessthan75%saturation.

Temperatureshallnotvarymorethan1°Cfromambient.

Salinityshallnotvarymorethan10percentfromnaturalorseasonalchanges.Water quality at the Project site is influenced by stormwater runoff andfreshwater input. Project plans to use a water‐inflated dam will isolate theworkareawhichwillhelptoensurethatwaterqualityoftheadjacentreefflatis



protectedfromsedimentationandproject‐relatedrunoff. Anybriefperiodsofimpaired water quality associated with construction should have minimalimpactsonthenearbyreefflatasdailywaterexchangeishighinthisarea.ESAListedSpeciesNolisted(endangeredorthreatened;USFWS,2009)specieswereencounteredin the October 2011 surveys. Sea turtles, spinner dolphins, and humpbackwhaleswerenotobservedduring thesurvey;however, theymayoccur in theProjectvicinity(althoughwellofftheshore).GreenSeaTurtle—ThemostcommonseaturtleintheHawaiianIslandsisthehonuorgreenseaturtle(Cheloniamydas),aninhabitantoftheshallowwatersofMaunaluaBay.In1978,greenseaturtleinHawaiianwatersbecamelistedasthreatened under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS, 1978, 2001). TheNational Marine Fisheries Service and Fish andWildlife Service (NMFS‐FWS,1998) developed a recoveryplan forU.S. Pacific populations of the green seaturtle, a document that aidsmanagement decisions to protect the populationtowardsrecovery.Threats to green sea turtles in Hawai‘i, in order of greatest to least, include:diseaseandparasites,accidentalfishingtake,andboatcollisions.Lessorthreatsinclude:entanglementinmarinedebris,lossofforaginghabitattodevelopment,andingestionofmarinedebris(NMFS‐USFWS,1998).Turbidity(murkywater)does not appear to deter green sea turtles from foraging and resting areas.Construction projects on the south shore of O‘ahu, at Hawaii Kai and off ofKapolei, have found sea turtles adaptable and tolerantof construction‐relateddisturbances(Brock,1998a,b).Traditionally, sea turtles rest in deeperwater during the daywhere they usereeffeaturestoshelterthemselves(Smith,1999)andfeedovertheshallowreefflats at night (Balazs et al., 1987). Before acquiring a status of threatened inHawaiian waters, green sea turtles would flee upon encountering humanswimmers. In recent years, however, green sea turtles here have becomeexceedinglytolerantofhumanpresenceandnowregularlycometoshallowstofeedduringthedayaswellasnight(Balazs,1996).The green sea turtle diet consists primarily of benthicmacroalgae,which theshallow reefs of the main Hawaiian Islands provide in abundance. Redmacroalgaemakeup78%oftheturtledietandgreenmacroalgaemakeup12%(Arthur and Balazs, 2008). The single most consumed algal species isAcanthophoraspicifera,whichisanintroducedspeciesfirstrecordedinHawai‘iin1950(Huismanetal.,2007).A.spiciferawasobservedintheProjectvicinity,



butinverysmallamountsandnotlikelytobeofsignificanceforthegreenseaturtle.Humpback Whale — The humpback whale or kohola (Megapteranovaeangliae)waslistedasendangeredin1970undertheEndangeredSpeciesAct. Prior to protection, the North Pacific humpback whale population wasestimated at under 1,000 individuals, compared with an estimated originalabundanceofatleast15,000(Rice,1978;JohnsonandWolman,1984). In1993itwasestimatedthattherewere6,000whales intheNorthPacificOcean,andthat4,000ofthoseregularlycametoHawai‘i.Thepopulationisestimatedtobegrowingatbetween4%and7%peryear.Today,asmanyas10,000humpbackwhalesmayvisitHawai‘ieachyear(HIHWNMS,2008).ThewatersofMaunaluaBayarewithintheHawaiianIslandsHumpbackWhaleNationalMarineSanctuary (HIHWNMS). Humpbackwhalesnormallyoccur inHawaiian waters annually from November to May with the peak betweenJanuary and March (HIHWNMS, 2008). The Project will not directly affecthumpback whales, and sounds generated from Project activities are notanticipated to be substantial enough to cause an acoustic disturbance toprotectedspecies innearshorewaters.Thefollowing in‐wateracoustic impactthresholds are currently used byNMFS to assess potential impacts tomarinemammals(NOAA,2005;DonHubner,Pers.Comm.,2011):OnsetofInjury(alsoknown as the Permanent Threshold Shift) is 180 dB for cetaceans (whales,porpoises) and 190 dB for pinnipeds (seals). The Onset of BehavioralDisturbance(alsoknownastheTemporaryThresholdShift/ArealAvoidance)is160dBwhenanimpulsivesoundand120dBwhenacontinuous,non‐impulsivesound.

ConclusionsMinimal direct impacts from the Project can be anticipated for the intertidallimestone bench. No sensitive biological resources occur in the immediateProject area. Because all Project work will be done with hand equipmenttransported through thehouse lot andnoheavy equipmentwill beplacedonthe intertidal bench, impacts to the few small corals and one pearl oysterpresentinthetidepoolswillbeavoided.TheadjacentreefflatisexpectedtobeonlyindirectlyimpactedbytheProject.Potentialexistsforshorttermimpactsfromconstructionactivitiesonthewaterquality of the nearshore environment. Possible impacts from constructioninclude introducing sediment into the bay and increasing pH from concrete



pours. Brief periods of impaired water quality associated with constructionshouldhavenolongtermimpactsontheintertidallimestonebenchandnearbyreefflatasdailywaterexchangeishighintheseareas.Impactscanbemitigatedby employing best management practices (BMPs). A requirement of theNationwidePermitistofollowthestandardBMPs(USACE,2011)AnApplicableMonitoringandAssessmentProgram(AMAP)fortheProjecthasbeen prepared for this Project (AECOS, 2011). The AMAP describes themonitoringrequirementsandthedataqualityobjectivestobemetduringwaterqualitymonitoring efforts for theCleanWaterAct, Section401WaterQualityCertificationthatmustbeobtainedfromtheHawai‘iDepartmentofHealthfortheProject. The intent of theAMAP is to conductwaterquality sampling andanalysis to monitor potential impacts caused by in‐water work. The AMAPincludesbaseline(preconstruction),during‐construction,andpostconstructionmonitoring. Data collected as part of the AMAP will be used to assess theadequacyofBMPsappliedduringconstructionandwill facilitateassessingtheimpacts of the project on Maunalua Bay. If shown to be necessary by themonitoring data, BMPswill bemodified during construction to protectwaterquality.

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AppendixA[FILE:1262F.docx] Page|18

AppendixA.InventoryofaquaticbiotaobservedintheHanapepeLoopProject

area,MaunaluaBay,O‘ahu,onOctober11,2011.

PHYLUM,CLASS,ORDER,FAMILY

Abundancebylocation

Genusspecies Commonname&Hawaiianname

Status Tidalbench

Reefflat

ALGAE CHLOROPHYTA GREENALGAE Caulerpaserrulata Ind. R Caulerpasertularioides Ind. U O Caulerpataxifolia Ind. U Cladophoracatenata Ind. A Dictyosphaeriaversluysii Ind. U Halimedadiscoidea Ind. O C Microdictyonsetchellianum

Ind. C O

Neomerissp. Ind. U Ulvafasciata sealettuce

pālahalahaInd. U

RHODOPHYTA REDALGAE Acanthophoraspicifera Nat. U U Actinotrichiafragilis Ind. C Amphiroasp. Ind. R Avrainvilleaamadelpha Nat. R Champiaparvula Ind. U Coelothrixirregularis Ind. U Dasyairridescens Ind. R Dichotomeriamarginata Ind. U Galaxaurarugosa Ind. O C Ganonemapapenfussil Ind. U U Gelidiellaacerosa Ind. C O Hydrolithononkodes Ind. U U Hydrolithonreinboldii Ind. U U Janiamicrarthrodia Ind. C Laurenciamcdermidiae Ind. U Liagorasp. Ind. U Lithophyllumkotschayanum

Ind. U C

Peyssonneliarubra Ind. C O Portieriahornemannii Ind. O Tricleocarpacylindrica Ind. O



Abundancebylocation


StatusTidalbench

Reefflat

OCHROPHYTA BROWNALGAE . Colpomeniasinuosa Ind. R R Dictyotaacutiloba alani Ind. O O Dictyotasandvicensis alani End. C O Dictyotaceylanica Ind. A Dictyopterissp. Ind. C R Hydroclathrusclathratus Ind. R Padinasanctae‐crucis Ind. A O Padinaaustralis Ind. A C Ralfsiaexpansa Ind. U Sargassumechinocarpum

kala Ind. A

Sargassumpolyphyllum kala Ind. A Turbinariaornata Ind. C U

CYANOBACTERIA

Lyngbyamajuscule U

Symplocahydnoides Ind. U

CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA

Palythoacaesia blue‐grayzoanthid Ind. O Zoanthussp. OCNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCELRACTINIA

POCILLOPORIDAE Pocilloporaligulata thincauliflower

coralInd. U

Pocilloporameandrina cauliflowercoral Ind. CPORITIDAE Poriteslobata lobecoral,

pohakupunaInd. C

Poriteslutea moundcoral Ind. O Poritesevermanni brownlobecoral C Poritessp. R ACROPORIDAE Montiporacapitata ricecoral Ind. O Montiporapatula sandpaperrice

coralInd. O

FAVIIDAE Cyphastreaocellina ocellatedcoral Ind. R Leptastreapurpurea crustcoral Ind. R Leptastreabewickensis bewickcoral Ind. R



Abundancebylocation


StatusTidalbench

Reefflat

MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODAPATELLIDAE

Siphonarianormalis false‘opihi‘opihi‐‘awa

Nat. O

NERITIDAE Neritapicea blacknerite

pipipiNat. A

Neritapolita polishedneritekūpe‘e

C

CYPRADIDAE Cypraecaputserpentis snake‐headcowry

lehokupaInd. C U

Cypreahelvola THAIDADAE Morulauva grapedrupe Ind. R LITTORINIDAE Littorariapintado dottedperiwinkle

pipipikoleaInd. A

MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,PTERIIDAE

Pinctadamargaritifera black‐lippedpearloyster

Ind. R

ISOGNOMONIDAE Isognomon

californicumblackpurseshell Ind. A

Isognomonperna brownpurseshellnahawele

Ind. U

ARTHROPODA,CIRRIPEDIA,BALANIDAE

Chthamalusproteus Proteus’rockbarnacle

Ind. O†

ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,

DIOGENIDAE Calcinuslaevimanus. left‐handedhermit

crabInd. C

GRAPSIDAE Grapsustenuicrustatus

thinshelledrockcrab;‘a‘ama

Ind. R

MAJIDAE Schizophroidahilensis Hilocollectorcrab

pāpa‘limuInd. R



Abundancebylocation


StatusTidalbench

Reefflat

ECHINODERMATA,ECHNOIDEA,ECHINOMETRIDAE

SEAURCHINS

Echinometramathaei

rockboringurchin‘inakea Ind. A A

Echinometraoblonga

oblongboringurchin;‘ina Ind. C U

Heterocentrusmammillatus

redpencilurchinhā‘uke‘uke‘ula‘ula Ind. R

ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA

SEACUCUMBERS

HOLOTHURIDAE Ind.

Actinopygamauritianawhite‐spottedsea

cucumberloli

Ind. U

Holothuriaatra

blackseacucumberloliokuhi

kuhiInd. U

Holothuriacinerascens ashyseacucumber Ind. A CVERTEGRATA,ACTINOPTERYGII

BONYFISHES

MURAENIDAE Echnidnapolyzona barredmoray

puhileihalaInd.

R

BLENNIIDAE Blenniellagibbifrons bulletheadblenny

pāo‘oInd. U

Istiblenniuszebra Hawaiianzebrablenny

End. C

ACANTHURIDAE Acanthurustriostegus convicttang

maniniInd. U A

Acanthurusnigrofuscus

brownsurgeonfishmā‘i‘i‘i

Ind. C

Acanthurusblochii ringtailsurgeonfishpualu

Ind. R

Acanthurusolivaceus orangebandsurgeonfishna‘ena‘e

Ind. R

Nasounicornis bluespineunicornfish

kala

Ind. U

MUGILIDAE Mugilcephalus stripedmullet

‘ama‘amaInd. C C



Abundancebylocation


StatusTidalbench

Reefflat

MULLIDAE Mulloidichthys

flavolineatussquare‐spotgoatfishweke‘ā

Ind. U

Parupeneusmultifasciatus

manybargoatfishmoano

Ind. R

POMACENTRIDAE Abudefdufabdominalis Hawaiiansergeant

mamoEnd.

U

Abudefdufsordidus blackspotsergeantkūpīpī

Ind. CU

Abudefdufvaigensis Indo‐Pacificsergeant

Ind. R

Plectroglyphidodonimparipennis

bright‐eyedamselfish

Ind. O

LABRIDAE Thalassomaduperrey saddlewrasse

hinalealauwiliEnd. C

Thalassomatrilobatum

Christmaswrasse‘awela

Ind. C

Stethojuliusbalteata

beltedwrasse‘omaka

End. C

ZANCLIDAE Zancluscornutus morrishidol

kihikihiInd.

R

CLUPEIDAE Spratelloides

delicatulusdelicate

roundherringInd. A

SYNODONTIDAE Synodusulae Hawaiianlizardfish

ulaeInd. R

SCARIDAE Calotomussp parrotfish ‐‐ O Scaruspsittacus palenoseparrotfish

uhuInd. U

CHAETODONIDAE Chaetodonlunula raccoon

butterflyfishkikakapu

Ind. R

BALISTIDAE Rhinecanthus

rectangulusreeftriggerfish,humuhumu

nukunukuahupua‘a

Ind. R



Abundancebylocation


StatusTidalbench

Reefflat

KUHLIIDAE Kuhliaxenura Hawaiianflagtail

āholeholeEnd. C

OSTRACIIDAE Ostracionmeleagris spottedboxfish:

moa End. U

GOBIIDAE Bathygobiussp. Tidepoolgoby Ind. C TETRAODONTIDAE Canthigasterjactator Hawaiian

whitespottedtoby End. R

Canthigasteramboinensis

ambontoby Ind.

R

KEYTOSYMBOLSUSED:

Abundancecategories:R–Rare–onlyoneortwoindividualsobserved.U–Uncommon–severaltoadozenindividualsobserved.O–Occasional–seenirregularlyinsmallnumbersC–Common–observedeverywhere,althoughgenerallynotinlargenumbers.A–Abundant–observedinlargenumbersandwidelydistributed.

Statuscategories:End–Endemic–speciesfoundonlyinHawaiiInd.–Indigenous–speciesfoundinHawaiiandelsewhereNat.–Naturalized–specieswereintroducedtoHawaiiintentionally,oraccidentally.

Othersymbolused:†locatedondrainageoutfall

marine and water quality surveys for drainage outfall

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