amIvknkw h-am-\-Ime {]knsF. CkvXmv

(tkma-Z-s amIvknkw h-am-\-Im-e-{]-kn F ]pkvX-I-ns Ah-Xm-cnI)

amIvknkw F Gw am\-hn--Iamb Iyq-Wnv cmjvSnbXXz-imkv{Xw ]cm-P-b-s-Xv Fp-sIm-v, Fs\ F At\z-j-W-amWv Cu ]pkvX-I-nse BIj-I-amb Nnm-hn-`-hw. amIvknkw h-am-\-Im-ev {]k-am-sWtm Astm {K-Im-c t\cnv Hpw Dcn-bm-Sp-n. Fm sNdn-sbmcpNcn-{X-Im-e-b-f-hnse tXmhn-bpsS t]cn a\p-jy-hw-i-ns kpZoL-`m-hn-bn \nv AXns\ Fgp-Xn--pI F Aam-\-hnIcmjv{Sob kao-]\w Cu hnai-\-n\v ]nn-en Fp hmb-\-bn t_my-s-Spw.A{X-bp-a-, hn-h-cm-Py--fnse Iyq-Wnv ]cm-P-b-ns Imc-W-fpw {Km-h-km\w hnh-cn-n- p Cykml-N-cy-fpw tNp-hm-bn-p-tm, amIvknkw AXns ka-{K-X-bn Ctmgpw A`n-Im-ay-amb cmjv{Sob{]Xybimkv{Xw Xms-sbv {K-Im-c ]d-bmsX ]d-bp-nt Fp tXmm-\p-an-S-bp-v.

amIvkn-k-n\v {]bp--ta-J-e-I-fn Dmb Xncn-Sn hne-bn-cp-p {]_--n, DNn-X-amb[mnIam\-Z-- {]mcw-`-nte Ah-X-cn-nv hmb-\-bpsS hgn-sX-fn-p-p-v {K-Im-c. CXv{Kin]s ]ng-h-Xpw XnI-hp--Xp-am-p-p. amIvkpw A\y-h-c-W-hpw, amIvkpw slKepw,amIvkpw aqe-[-\hpw Fo Aym-b- amIvkn-k-ns ka-{KX t_my-s-Sp-p-p-v. AXnshnh{]tbm-Kw, djy, ssN\, Iyq_ Fo cmPy- Hmtcm-n-sbpw khn-tijkml-N-cy-n Fs\Iem-inp F At\z-j-W-amWv XpSp-ff `mK-. Iyq_-bnse At\z-j-W-n-\p -ap-Xncpwapp-Xs{KmwNn-sbbpw eqm-n-s\bpw ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-bXpw DNn-X-am-bn. tkma-Z- Fdn-b-s-Sp amIvknvsskm-n-I {K-n \ndp \np-p.

amIvkn-k-ns {]tbm-K-]-cm-P-bs Bhn-jv--cn-m km{-Zm-bnI hnai-t\m-]-I-c-W-aXn-bm-Ip-n-. A{X A[n-I-amWv ]cm-P-b-ns Bgw. {K-Im-c D-bn-p khn-tij hnai-\-ns {]`-h-tI-{w, hnht\Xr-Xz-p kmm-XvI-cn-m-\m-Im-sX-t]mb amIvkn-k-ns ka-{KXbm-Wv. Ncn-{X-ns apt--n -amIvkn-k-ns ka{Kkm-m-XvIm-c-n-\p-X-Ip sshcp-ym-IZi\{]tbm-K--f- djy, ssN\, Iyq_ Fo aqp hn-h-cm-Py--fnepw t\XrXzw \S-m-n-b-Xv. tIhewkm-n-Im-\p-Iq-ey- \Ip--Xn-em-bn-cpp cmjv{Sobt\Xr-Xz-n\v Xm]-cyw. apX-em-fntimj-W-ns \m\m-hn-[-amb A\y-h-c-W-n \nv temI-ns ka-{K-hn-tam-N-\-n\v ap-Wn--S-bm-fnIfm-tI-n-bn-cp sXmgn-emfnhKhpw AXn DZv_p--am-Im-sX, tIhew km-n-Im-\p-Iq-ey-sImp Xr]vXn-s-Sm Xm-dm-bn. temI-k-aw hn-h-ns ka-{KX AtXmsS ]cm-P-b-a-S-p. ap Zp\-S-n-p-IAXn\v Bw Iqp-Ibpw sNvXp.

k-n-sbpw hn`-h--fp-sSbpw apX-em-fn--]-c-amb D]m-Z\hn\n-a-b--fpsS cmjv{Sob \nb-{-W-n-\-pdw t_m[-nepw {]h-\--fnepw ka-{K-amb tkmjy-env \nn-Xn-bpsS Nph-Sp-h-bv]p-I-sfmpwtkmhn-bv djy-bn-ep-m-bn-. ka-{K-amb tkmjy-env t_m[-n-tev P\-Xtbm Iyq-Wnv ]mnAwK- t]meptam Dn-jvThpw Pm{K-p-am-bn-. amIvkv kz]v\w I A\y-h-cn--s-Sm-- ]qa\p-jy, ka{Ka\p-jy-, cq]w sImm-\p kml-N-cy-fn-tev \bn-p--Xn- AhnsS \S knm{]tbm-K- ]cm-P-b-s-p. se\n-sbpw men-sbpw amthm-bp-sSbpw Imkvt{Sm-bp-sSbpw \mfp-I-fn sXmgn-emfnhKhpw P\-Xbpw PohnXka-{KX A{]m-]y-am-p A\y-h-c-W-ns Ncn-{X-ZoL-ambIpSnebmYmy-s-n t_m[-hm-m-cm-bn-. AXn-\ms Cu XS-h-d-s-Wn-bn \np tamN\wAhp kz]v\w-t]m-ep-am-bn-cp-n-s-q-ln-mw. aqm \qm-tmfw \o Iyq-Wnv `c-Wm--co--n P\-X, aX--hw-i tZio-b-X-I-fpsS kp-NnX t_m[-hr---fn \np-t]mepw Dp--cm-bn-spam{X-a Ah-tbmSp IqSp-X Dp-J-cmtbm FpXs kwi-bn-m-hp Ah--bn-se-n-t-Xm-bpw,tkmhn-bv djy-bnse ]nme Ncn-{X-kw-`-h- kmy-s-Sp-p-p-v.

amIvkns XXz-imkv{Xs BZy-Ime amIvkntsXpw ]nme amIvknt-sXpw shn-ap-dnv BZy-t-Xns\ Ah-K-Wnv ]nm-e-tXv ASn-tn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp, s]mXpth AXXp cmPy--fnse IyqWnphn-h-t\-Xm-fpw `c-W-Im--fpw. A\y-h-c-W-s-p-dnv amIvkv Gsd Fgp-Xn-bXv BZy-Im-e-m-bn-cp-p. AXv aqs-m amIvkns am\-hn-I--Im]-\nI Nm]eyw am{X-ambn Xn--f-p. ]qamIvkv, amIvkvhncp- Fpt]mepw Btcm-]-W-ap-m-bn.

Fm, BZy-Ime amIvkn-s\t]mse ]nme amIvkn\pw A\y-h-cWw apJy-ambNnm-hn-j-b--fn-sem-m-bn-cp-p. AXv amIvkns Pohn-X-nse ]q-L- -ns krjvSn am{X-ambn AhnsS]cy-h-km-\n-n-. amIvkn\v \m]Xp hb-kp--tm Fgp-Xnb {Kpvdn-t(Grundrisse)bnepw A\y-h-cWw kPohN-bm-bn-cp-p. Ah-km-\-Ir-Xn-bmb aqe-[-\w, -aqmw hmey-n A\y-h-c-W-s-p-dnv t\cn-smpw ]d-bp-n-s-n-epw, Xn\npw Xs kl-Po-hn-I-fn \npw A\y-h-cn-s-Sm

]qWa\p-jy(Wholeman) Ncn-{X-n cq]-s-Sm-\p km[y-X, A\n-hm-cy-X-bpsS k-n D]m-Z-\-n-tes-Sp Lw ]nn tij-am-sWv amIvkv Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. amIvkv kzw hmp-I-fn F]pkvX-I-nse "sXmgnhn-`-P-\hpw A\y-h-c-Whpw' F A[ym-b-n GWv ^nj CXv Cs\tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.

Man can only become a whole man, when he has advanced beyond the sphere of production for the sakeof necessity.

A\nhm-cyX(necessity)bpsS \n_kml-N-cy-n\nv a\p-jys D]m-Z\Xzcsb kzX-{hpw Bm-Z-I-c-hp-amb A[zm\ntepw A\y-h-c-W-an-m kmaq-ly-hy-h-n-Xn-bntepw \bnp Ncn-{X-ZuXyw Gs-Sp-p-sa-mWv amIvkv sXmgn-em-fn-h-s-n Ay-Im-epw kz]\w s\bvX-Xv.

]qW-a-\p-jys Bhm-k-hy-, A\n-hm-cy-X-bn \np ap-amb, A\y-h-cn--s-Sm, Bm-Z-I-c-am-b, kKm-I-amb A[zm-\m--co--am-sW-n AXp apX-emfnn-\-p-d-ap tkmjy-enp Iyq-Wnp hyh--bm-Wv. aqe-[-\hpw em`-hp-an-m B kmaq-ln-I-kKIm-e-n-tev Ncn-{Xs sshcyp-ym--I-ambn Nen-n-p-hm ap-Wn-bn \nt-Xv sXmgn-em-fn-hK-am-Wv. em`-\njvTapX-em-fn--nshI-t`-Z--fmb tZiobkm-n-I-hm-Z -\-b- Iyq-Wn-k-sa t]cn ASn-tn--s--tm, apX-em-fnw t]mse amIvkn-khpw D]-t`m-Km-k--amb ` uXn-I-hm-Z-am-sWv P\-X-I sXn--cn-p. BobapSp-]-S-n-\p-n hnhn[ cq]--fn aqe-[\w tI{o-I-cnv em`-hy-h-kmbw \S-p BtKm-f-a--X-fpw X-n\v amIvknkw `uXnIhmZ-am-sWp {]N-cn-nv B sXp-[m-cW apX-se-Sp-m apn-n-d-n-bXv asmcpsshcp-ym--IXXs.

Xz-im-kv{X-ns kmt-XnI `m-bnse Zzz--fmWv `uXn-I-hm-Zhpw Bi-b-hm-Zhpw. amdn-sm-n-cn-p Cu `uXn-I-tem-I-a bmYmyw, Bi-b-hm-Z-ho--W-n. a-dn-v, Ne-\m--I-{Z-hy-amb Cu`uXn-I-tem-I-amWv bmYmyw AmsX Bi-b--f F-XmWv `uXn-I-hm-Z-ho--Ww. amIvkv sshcp-ymIX-imkv{Xw kzoI-cnXv slK-en \nm-bn-cp--tm. Fm, slK Bi-b-hm-Zn-bm-bn-cp-p.Xncp-p-Spw-_ -n(Holy Family) amIvkv slK-ens\ Cs\ hnain-pp:

""sll-ens Ncn-{X--Zi\w Aaq-amb Hcm-m-hns\ kn-p-p-v. a\p-jy-hwiw t_m[-]q-tam At_m-[-]qtam Cu tIh-em-m-hns hml-I am{X-am-Wv. A\p-`hNcn-{X-n\p aptm-Sn-bmbpw ASn-m-\-ambpw [ym\m--Ihpw \nKq-V-hp-amb Hcp Ncn-{Xs slK kn-p-p. a\p-jy-hw-i-ns Ncn{Xw, bYm-a-\p-jys\ Ihn-p-\np a\p-jy-hw-i-ns Aaq-ambBm-hns Ncn-{X-ambn cq]m-cw {]m]n-p-p.''

FdnIv t{^mw amIvkns\ Cs\ kanpIbpw sNp:""slKen\p hncp--ambn amIvkv a\p-jy-s\bpw Ahs Ncn-{X-sbpw ]Tn-p-Xv bYm a\p-jy Pohn-p km-n-Ihpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb Ah--I-fn hm-Wv. AmsX Ahs Bi-b--fn \n-. slK-ens Bi-b-hm-Z-n \ns t]mse _qjzm-`u-Xn-I-hm-Z-n \npwamIvkv hfsc AI-se-bm-bn-cp-p. AXp-sImv Xs Zi\w Bi-b-hm-Ztam `uXn-I-hm-Ztam A,adnv Hcp ka-\zbw am\-hn-IXmhmZhpw {]Ir-Xn-hm-Zhpw BsWv At-l-n\p icn-bmbn ]d-bm Ign-p.''

amIvkns sshcp-ym`uXn-I-hmZw AYhm Ncn-{X-]-c-amb `u-Xn-I-hm-Zw, apX-em-fn--ns_qjzm`uXn-I-hmZw t]mse em`-ntem `uXn-I-k--ntem _-amb Bk-n-b-. `uXn-I-t\--tfm-Sp a-c-\n-jvT-amb aXnv F A-n `uXn-I-hmZw tNp \np-Xv apX-em-fntmSmW.v

""apX-em-fnw a\p-jys\ ]W-tmSv X-c-\m-p-Ibpw `uXn-I-t\-s apJy t{]c-W-bm-p-IbpwsNbvXp F-XmWv amIvkns apXem-fn hnai-\-ns kmcmwiw'' Fv FdnIv t{^mw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-Xv Hmmw. ""`uXnI Xm-cy-ns B[y-]Xyw Cm-Xm-Ip Hcp kaq-l-s-p-dn-pXmWv At-l-ns tkmjy-en-k-s-p-dn-p k]w.'' Fv t{^mw Iqn-tn-p-ap-v.

amIvkv a\p-jys kp\n-n-X- Xz-c-I-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-Xv hni-n-s\bpw Ima-s-bp-am-Wv. km-nIt\-n\p thnbp Xzc a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-n a-cm-[n-jvTnX apX-em-fnkaq-l-L-S-\-bn-emWv D-hn--Xv. AXn-\m AXv a\p-jys Bt]-jnI Xzc-I-fn-semp am{X-am-sW-m-bn-cpp amIvkns \nK-a\w.apX-em-fn-s adn-I-S-p-tm a\p-jy ]Wm-[n-]-Xys adn-I-S-p-sap amIvkv Dd-mn; Hw D]-t`m-Km-k-n-sb-bpw.

`uXn-I-h-kvXp--fpsS DS-a--Xbpw D]-t`m-Khpw Poh-X-k-kz-am-sWv amIvknkw DZvt_m-[n-n-n. adn-v, apX-em-fn--ns hm--fmbn amdnb aX- P\-sf hniz-kn-n--Xv, `qan-bn `uXn-I-am-bp-m-p t\- kzK-n Xp-ey-amb Bob t\- Dd-m-pp Fm-Wv. apX-em-fn--nse `uXn-Imn-bpsS hfbvp hfw hp sImSp-p-I-bm-bn-cpp Cu aX-[mn-I-X. "tem'amp apX "tIm-tdv' am-p-hsc aX- hfnb `uXnI Bo-b-X-bpsS D]-t`m-K-tI-{--fm-bn. apX-em-fn--ns XpS--n AXns Bo-tbm-t-P-I-ambn {]hn s{]m- v aXs ap\n-dpn amIvkv sh_ Fgp-Xnb Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism F ]pkvXIw apX-em-fn-hpw aX-hp-ambn \S `uXnI Bob kw_--ns Akw-_--n-tev \psS Ip- Xp-d-n-

pw.`qan-bnse hn`-h-am-ns nc-k-ar-n-bnte kzi-n\pw \ne-\npq F hn[-n

sFlnIhnP-b-sf ]mcn-{XnIhnP-b- e--W--fmbn hymJy-\n--tm Iyq-Wn-k-n kw`-hn-paqe-[\ Xntcm-[m-\hpw Itm-f-hn-\m-ihpw aX-p t]Sn-kz-]v\--fm-bn. Ah bYm-n apX-em-fn--ns t]Sn-kz-]-\--fm-W-tm. Gw hnI-e-amb coXn-bn Bcw-`n-p-Itbm {]hn-p-Itbm sNpIyq-Wnv kwcw-`- t]mepw Ncn-{X-K-Xn-bn amIvkn-k-ns ka-{K-]m-X-bn-sen Cu t]Sn-kz]v\wbmYmy-am-n-tb-m-sa Xo{h-`bw Chbvp cn-\p-ap-v. Cm-ev apX-em-fn-s t\cn-Sp--hAXns Ghpw ]pXnb tIm-tdv cq]-n-\p-n {]k-cn-p tIm-tdv Bo-b-X-sb-qSn Xncn--dnp t\cn-tS-Xpv. BtKmf apX-em-fn-w a\p-jyp km-\n-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-p ZpK-Zp-cn-X-v Xmm-enI ia-\-tI-{-mbn {]hn-p hInS Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw A\m-Ym-e-b-fpwB{ia[ym\ kwhn-[m-\-fpw BssZ-h-fpw {]mtZ-inI hnip-cpw [mcmf-am-bn \nn--s-Sp-XvHcpsamb Cu Cc--I-fpsS A`o-Xn-bpsS _mly-{]-I-S-\-am-Wv.

`qansb s]mbpw Xcn-ip-am-p aqe-[\ {]m-\-n\p _Z-sev Fp -temIw InWp Xnc-bp-tm- AXns kv]i-\n-I ka{KamIvkn-ks Xncn--dn-sp hcptam? Cu {Kw amIvkn-k-ns k^ehnai-\-am-Ip-sap {]Xo-nmw B ]cn-tim-[-\-bn.

CUy amIvkn-k-ns \n-e-X-bpsS Imc-W- tXSp {K-Imhv {]Xy-b-imkv{X`n-X-I am{X-a Is-p--Xv. CUy kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy--fn amIvknkw {]tbm-Knp t]m-Xn-ep ]ng-hn\v IqSp-X {]m[m\yw \Ip-p-v. ]mn-I-fn ISpIqSn-bn-p amIvknvhncp {]h-W-X-I-tfmSv {K-Im-c hnp-hogvN Imp-n-.

{]Xy-b-imkv{X`n-X-I sXep-m\kacw Ah-km-\n-n-Xp apX XpS-p-p. a[pc ]me-mSv Aar-X-k-cv tIm{K-pIfnse N-Ismpw ]cn-lmcw ImWm Ign-bm-Xn-cp A`n-{]mbhyXym-k- 1964 s]mn-s-dnp Imc-W-am-bn. XpSp ]nfpw amthm-bn-p-I-fpsS DZ-bhpw Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-I-fm-Wv.

tkma-Z-, amIvknkw h-am-\-Im-e-{]-n, kc-k ]n-t-j, N-\m-ti-cn, 2014