mass multiplication of biofertilizer
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INTRODUCTION
The quality of inoculant is regularly checked prior to
distribution of individual biofertilizer culture.
The procedure involves isolation, mass culture production and preparation
of inoculants along with inoculant quality control.
The individual organism can be mass multiplied using specific media
either as small scale or as large-scale commercial production
procedure using fermenters.
The desired growth of organisms is then mixed with carrier
materials and sealed in culture packets.
The entire procedure is carried out under aseptic condition to
avoid contamination from other undesired organisms.
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Steps in the mass multiplication of Biofertilizers
All steps to be undertaken under asepticconditions.
Mass Multiplication of Biofertilizers
Strain Selection ,maintenance of pure culture
Preparation of broth culture.
Preparation of broth culture at commercial scale,inoculant quality control
Mixing broth culture with carrier (blending) andcuring Packing
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BACTERIAL INOCULANT PRODUCTION
Isolation Procedure
ISOLATION OF
BACTERIAL CULTUREPERFORMED UNDER
INOCULATION
CHAMBER USING SERIAL
DILUTION METHOD TO
GET PURE COLONIES OF
DESIRED MICROBE
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Laboratory scale production
Incubate flasks at 30 + 2C on
rotary shaker for 2-6 days
depending on the organism.
Preparation of the Inoculum (broth) culture
Mass Multiplication of Biofertilizers
Dispense 100 ml aliquots of the
specified broth into flasks, and plug
with non-absorbent cotton.
Autoclave flasks at 121C for 20
minutes.
Transfer 5-6 days old desired pure
culture of bacteriaasepticallyinto the
flasks with the help of inoculationneedle.
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MASS MULTIPLICATION OFBIOFERTILIZERS
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Commercial scale production
For large-scale production, fermenter
are used for growing bacteria. pH is
adjusted to 6.5 - 7.0. Inoculum should
be added @ 5%. Continuous aerationis done by forcing sterile air through
sparger. Incubate culture till the
bacterial population reaches 108
cells/ml, and added to carrier.
The organism count in final broth cultures shall not be less than
108to 109 cells / ml. Otherwise, the broth should be rejectedStandards
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Schematic diagram for mass scale production of
bacterial Biofertilizers
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Carriers for
Bacterial inoculants
Carrier is the medium in which organisms are allowed to multiply .
Different carrier materials viz., peat lignite , compost, leaf manures,
cellulose powder, charcoal powder, coconut shell powder, rice husk
powder, press mud etc are extensively used carrier for inoculum
preparation.
A B C D
E F G H
A : Press mud ; B : Lignite : C:
Charcoal : D: Coconut Shell : E:Rice Husk : F: Cellulose Powder :
G: Leaf Manure : H: Peat
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Preparation of carrier material
Carrier is sun-dried upto a moisture level of 5 %.
The carrier is ground to pass through a 100-200mesh sieves.
Particles coarser than this cause 'balling up' when
wetted and adhere poorly to the seed coat at the time
of inoculation .
Drying and grinding of the carrier Carrier is sun-dried upto a moisture level of 5 %.
The carrier is ground to pass through a 100-200mesh sieves.
Particles coarser than this cause 'balling up' when
wetted and adhere poorly to the seed coat at the timeof inoculation .
The survival of rhizobia is also poor in coarser
carrier materials.
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After curing, the inoculant is ready to be packed.
Select 50-75 micron polythene bags (6 x 10 inches).
Dispense 200 g of inoculant in each bag manually or
with automatic dispenser.
Seal the polythene bags leaving 2/3 vacant spaces.
Pin bags on few places for aeration. Keep inoculants for
a week at room temperature (25-30C).
Store in a cold room(4C) and despatch.
PACKING AND STORAGE
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QUALITY STANDARD
The inoculant should be infective and effective when tested on crop.
The carrier material shall be in powder form.
The manufacturers shall control the quality of broth and
maintain records.
The inoculant be packed in 50-75 micron
polyethylene packets.
The inoculant shall be stored cool place
preferably at 15C - 30C 2C.
Each packet shall be marked with information like: product name,
specific crop, manufacturers name, batch no, ISI mark, date of
manufacture, date of expiry, net quantity and storage instructions
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LET US SUM UP
Mass multiplication of biofertilizers involves small scale
and large scale production system.
The detailed procedure includes isolation, maintenance,
characterization and mass culture production.
A well furnished laboratory having specific equipments
and complete aseptic condition is required for mass
multiplication of biofertilizers.
contd
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The organism once isolated, purified is mixed with
carrier materials as solid support and packaged into
low density polybags prior to use.
Periodic quality assessment of individual culture is a
very basic for quality produce.
Mass Multiplication of Biofertilizers
LET US SUM UP