Mastering NT Greek

12. Imperfect Verbs12. Imperfect Verbs

By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

Quick Review PAI verbs

lu<w lu<w I looseI loose lu<omen lu<omen We We looseloose

lu<eij lu<eij You looseYou loose lu<ete lu<ete You You all loose all loose

lu<ei lu<ei He/she loosesHe/she looses lu<ousi(n) lu<ousi(n) They They looseloose

2-1-2 Noun Paradigms

2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou? lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&? lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<n lo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era< lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?n lo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?j lo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi<

ei]mi< ei]mi< I am I am e]sme<n e]sme<n We areWe are

ei# ei# You areYou are e]ste< e]ste< You You areare

e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) He/she/it is He/she/it is ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n) They areThey are

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, -o<meqa, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai -etai, -ontai

I loose myself [Mid.] // I am loosed [Pas.]I loose myself [Mid.] // I am loosed [Pas.]II loose [subject emphasis] loose [subject emphasis]

Shape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<sw lu<somenlu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai

I will loose for myself (Dep. = active)I will loose for myself (Dep. = active)II will loose (subject emphasis) will loose (subject emphasis)

First Person Personal Pronoun

Singular PluralSingular Plural NomNom. . e]gw< e]gw< su su

h[mei?j h[mei?j GenGen. . mou mou sou? sou? h[mw?n h[mw?n DatDat. . moi moi soi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n

AccAcc. . me me se se h[ma<j h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th<, au]to< = au]to<j, au]th<, au]to< = he, she, it he, she, it

Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns Summary

e]kei?noj, e]kei<nh, e]kei?no e]kei?noj, e]kei<nh, e]kei?no = = thatthat

ou$toj, au!th, tou?toou$toj, au!th, tou?totou<tou, tau<thj, tou<tou tou<tou, tau<thj, tou<tou = this= this

o!j h! o! = o!j h! o! = Relative (who, Relative (who, which)which) ou$ h$j ou$ ou$ h$j ou$

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j:Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j: father our the one in heavenfather our the one in heaven

a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name your make holy name your

e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom your let come kingdom your

genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your

Introduction

English: only one pastEnglish: only one past They They stoodstood at the top of Mt. Jefferson. at the top of Mt. Jefferson.

Greek has 2 past tenses

Imperfect: continuous/process pastImperfect: continuous/process past They They were standingwere standing at the top of Mt. at the top of Mt.

Jefferson. (is verb + participle [-ing])Jefferson. (is verb + participle [-ing]) Aorist: complete/wholistic past--it Aorist: complete/wholistic past--it

happenedhappened They They stood stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson.at the top of Mt. Jefferson.

Imperfect Formation

Augment + Augment + PRESENT STEMPRESENT STEM + CV + + CV + 2nd Ending 2nd Ending CV = connecting vowelCV = connecting vowel

e + lu + o + n = e + lu + o + n = e@luone@luon

The connecting vowel is: The connecting vowel is: o o beforebefore m m andand n n e e before everything elsebefore everything else

Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w

Singular PluralSingular Plural e@luon e@luon e]lu<omene]lu<omen

I was loosing I was loosing We were loosingWe were loosing

e@luej e@luej e]lu<ete e]lu<ete You were loosing You were loosing You (pl.) were loosingYou (pl.) were loosing

e@lue(n) e@lue(n) e@luon e@luon He/she/it was loosing He/she/it was loosing They were loosingThey were loosing

Secondary endings: (primary = present/future)Secondary endings: (primary = present/future)

ChantChant: : e@luon, n, s, e, men, te, e@luon, n, s, e, men, te, n n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w

Singular Singular PluralPlural e]luo<mhn e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa e]luo<meqa

I was being loosed I was being loosed We were being loosedWe were being loosed

e]lu<ou e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<esqe You were being loosed You were being loosed You all were being loosedYou all were being loosed

e]lu<eto e]lu<eto e]lu<onto e]lu<onto He/she/it was being loosed He/she/it was being loosed They were being loosedThey were being loosed

Chant: Chant: e]luo<mhn, e]luo<mhn, -mhn, -ou, -eto, -o<meqa, -esqe, -mhn, -ou, -eto, -o<meqa, -esqe, -onto-onto

Four Ways to Augment an Augment

1) 1) Before a consonant: Before a consonant: ee 2) 2) Before a vowel:Before a vowel: lengths vowellengths vowel

a a andand e e lengthen tolengthen to h (e+a=h; e+e=h)h (e+a=h; e+e=h) o o lengthens tolengthens to w (e + o = w)w (e + o = w) i i ending a diphthong subscriptsending a diphthong subscripts (e+ei = ^)(e+ei = ^) uu ending a diphthong stays strongending a diphthong stays strong (e+au=hu)(e+au=hu)

Four Ways to Augment and Augment

3) 3) Prepositional with final consonant:Prepositional with final consonant: insert insert e e augment in middle augment in middle e]kballw -- e]ceba<llone]kballw -- e]ceba<llon

4) 4) Prepositional with final vowelPrepositional with final vowel: drop+insert: drop+insert -- final vowel dropped and -- final vowel dropped and e e insertedinserted a]poktei<nw a]poktei<nw (I die)(I die) – –

a]pe<kteinon a]pe<kteinon (I was dying)(I was dying)

Augmenting Imperfect Examples

e + a = h h@kouon (e + a]kou<w) e + a = h h@kouon (e + a]kou<w) e + e = h h@geiron (e + e]gei<rw)e + e = h h@geiron (e + e]gei<rw) e + o = w w]rxou<mhn (e + o]rxe<omai)e + o = w w]rxou<mhn (e + o]rxe<omai)

• I was dancingI was dancing e + ai = ^ ^?ron ( e + ai@rw) e + ai = ^ ^?ron ( e + ai@rw) e + oi = & &]kodo<moun (e + e + oi = & &]kodo<moun (e +

oi]kodome<w)oi]kodome<w)• I was building I was building

Imperfect ei]mi< (a big one)

Singular PluralSingular Plural h@mhn h@mhn h#menh#men

I was I was We were We were h#j h#j h#te h#te

You were You were You all wereYou all were h#n h#n h#san h#san

He/she/it was He/she/it was They wereThey were Chant this one in your sleep.Chant this one in your sleep.

Some Translation Examples

e]kei?noj de> e@legen peri> tou? e]kei?noj de> e@legen peri> tou? naou?naou?tou? sw<matoj tou? sw<matoj (body)(body) au]tou? au]tou? (Jn 2:21) (Jn 2:21)

but that one was speaking concerningbut that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body the temple of his body

kai> h@rxonto pro>j au]to<n kai> h@rxonto pro>j au]to<n (Jn (Jn 4:30)4:30)

And they were coming to himAnd they were coming to him

Vocabulary - Chapter 12

a]poqn^<skw a]poqn^<skw I die I die e]kei? e]kei? therethere e!wj e!wj untiluntil i]dou< i]dou< behold behold i!na i!na in order that, in order that,

that that

Vocabulary - Chapter 12

]Iwa<nnhj, -ou, o[ ]Iwa<nnhj, -ou, o[ JohnJohn me<n me<n on the one hand, on the one hand,

indeed indeed o!loj, -h, -on o!loj, -h, -on whole, entirewhole, entire o!te o!te whenwhen su<n su<n withwith

Imperfect IAI (I M/P I)

Chant:Chant: e@luon, n, s, e, men, te, e@luon, n, s, e, men, te, n n

Chant: Chant: e]luo<mhn, e]luo<mhn, -omhn, -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -omhn, -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto-onto

Imperfect ei]mi< (a big one)

h@mhn h@mhn h#menh#menh#j h#j h#te h#te h#n h#n h#san h#san I was, you were, s/he/it was…I was, you were, s/he/it was…