masters and slaves
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Masters and Slaves
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August 22, 1831• Rebellion
– Southampton County, Virginia
– Nat Turner, Preacher, has a dream (black angels wrestling with white angels)
– Plantation to plantation killing
– About 60 whites killed
– Rebels executed, including Turner
– Inspired by abolitionists?
– Consequences?
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Consequences:
• Quarantine slaves from possible exposure to antislavery ideas and attitude
• Cannot assemble• Cannot learn to read
or write• Between 1831 and
Civil war there is no more mass killings of whites
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The Upper South
• The problems with Tobacco:
• New crops and methods• Fertilizer, rotation of
crops, diversified farming• Increased need for capital,
reduce demand for labor• Interstate slave trade• Less need = less hold on
public loyalty
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Slavery and the Southern Economy
• Vital and growing economic interest
• 1790’s to Civil War, plantation agriculture expands enormously
• Greater dependence on slave labor
• Mostly on Plantations• Half of South’s population by
Civil War• 90% of Cotton and almost all
rice and sugar
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The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom• Climate and soils of deep south affect
needs of labor and types of crops• Rice, Cotton, and Sugar: crops that
require little knowledge, much labor• Strengthened hold of slavery and
plantation system• The cotton gin makes short staple
cotton profitable • Westward expansion = new cotton
fields• From 1792 to 1817, the south’s output
of cotton rose from about 13,000 bales to 461,000, by 1840 1.35 million, by 1849 – 2.85 million, and 1860 – 4.8 million
• Any incentives to depart from slavery?
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Slavery and Industrialization
• Dependence on North for capital, marketing facilities, and manufactured goods
• Cotton’s prosperity impeded industrialization and left the region dependent on one-crop agriculture
• Industrialization was based in cities, where there were populations of poor whites
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The Planter’s world
• In 1860 only 25% of whites belonged to family owning slaves
• Only 3% of whites owned 50 slaves or more (wealthy)
• Influence on southern life (free time + money = involvement in politics and high offices)
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Planters and Slaves
• Kindly and Paternalistic?• Self interest in slaves
well being (economic necessity)
• 1808 ban on slave trade (turn to domestic reproduction)
• Ultimate base of authority = fear
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The Black Experience Under Slavery
• Physical and Psychological means to insure docility and obedience
• How?
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Forms of Resistance
• Open revolt • Running away • Working slowly
and inefficiently• Feigning injury
sickness• Stealing provisions• Sabotage• Poison
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Slave Families
• Stabilizing effect• Fidelity encouraged
by masters• Creates positive
and negative effects -What are they?
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The South: A Divided Society
• Slave treatment• Non-slaveholding
whites• Backcountry vs.
plantation belt• Class, race, culture,
geography.