matematikken i kunstig intelligens: [2mm] socialt ...tobo/matematikken_i_ai.pdf · \i’m on the...
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Matematikken i kunstig intelligens:
Socialt intelligente robotter
Thomas Bolander, DTU Compute, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
2. juni 2018
(c_e)L[^GA=f]2 (F[_E_B])L[=A,_Ac]L[=E,_B,_E]- [E,B,E]2L[F,=B,=E]2 L[^F,C=F]
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 1/12
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To hovedparadigmer i kunstig intelligens
Det symbolske paradigme (1950–): Simulerermenneskelig symbolsk, sproglig, bevidst ræsonnering.Søgning, planlægning, logisk ræsonnering. Eks:skakcomputer. ↑
robust, forudsigelig, forklarlig
nøje afgrænsede evner
fleksibel, læring
aldrig 100% forudsigelig/fejlfri
↓Det subsymbolske paradigme (1980–): Simulererde fundamentale fysiske processer i den menneskeligehjerne. Neurale netværk. Eks: billedgenkendelse.
symbolsk
↓
↑subsymbolsk
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 2/12
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Hvordan undgar vi atfremtidens robotter
og computere bliversociale analfabeter
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 3/12
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Asociale hospitalsrobotter
Frustrerede brugere af hospitalsrobotter iUSA:
• “I’m on the phone! If you say ’TUGhas arrived’ one more time I’m goingto kick you in your camera.”
• “It doesn’t have the manners we teachour children. I find it insulting that Istand out of the way for patients... butit just barrels right on.”
TUG hospitalsrobot
(Colin Barras, New Scientist, vol. 2738, 2009)Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 4/12
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Asociale hospitalsrobotter
Frustrerede brugere af hospitalsrobotter iUSA:• “I’m on the phone! If you say ’TUG
has arrived’ one more time I’m goingto kick you in your camera.”
• “It doesn’t have the manners we teachour children. I find it insulting that Istand out of the way for patients... butit just barrels right on.”
TUG hospitalsrobot
(Colin Barras, New Scientist, vol. 2738, 2009)Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 4/12
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Asociale hospitalsrobotter
Frustrerede brugere af hospitalsrobotter iUSA:• “I’m on the phone! If you say ’TUG
has arrived’ one more time I’m goingto kick you in your camera.”
• “It doesn’t have the manners we teachour children. I find it insulting that Istand out of the way for patients... butit just barrels right on.”
TUG hospitalsrobot
(Colin Barras, New Scientist, vol. 2738, 2009)Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 4/12
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Sociale børn
Et kognitionspsykologisk eksperiment med en dreng pa 18 maneder. Hanhar ikke faet nogen instruktioner. (Warneken & Tomasello, 2006)
http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/~tobo/children_cabinet.mpg
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 5/12
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Hvordan bliver robotterne socialt intelligente?
Vi inspireres af hvad vi ved ommenneskers sociale intelligens. Centraltbegreb:
Theory of Mind (ToM): Evnen til atsætte sig i andres sted.
Theory of Mind er essentiel formenneskers sociale intelligens(Baron-Cohen, 1997).
Styrken af et barns Theory of Mindtestes ofte med en false-belief tasksom f.eks. Sally-Anne testen.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 6/12
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A child takes the Sally-Anne test
http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/~tobo/sally_anne_trimmed.mp4
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 7/12
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Matematiske modeller af Theory of Mind
Bolander: Seeing is Believing—Formalising False-Belief Tasks in Dynamic EpistemicLogic, in Outstanding Contributions to Logic, Springer, forthcoming 2018.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 8/12
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Robotnavigation: En robot
Løsning:
1. højre, 2. ned.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 9/12
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Robotnavigation: En robot
Løsning: 1. højre,
2. ned.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 9/12
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Robotnavigation: En robot
Løsning: 1. højre, 2. ned.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 9/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, simpel konflikt
Løsning:
1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 10/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, simpel konflikt
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre,
2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 10/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, simpel konflikt
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned,
3. bla: venstre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 10/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, simpel konflikt
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 10/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, ikke-triviel konflikt
Løsning:
1. bla: venstre, 2. bla: ned, 3. grøn: højre 4. grøn: højre,5. bla: op.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 11/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, ikke-triviel konflikt
Løsning: 1. bla: venstre,
2. bla: ned, 3. grøn: højre 4. grøn: højre,5. bla: op.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 11/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, ikke-triviel konflikt
Løsning: 1. bla: venstre, 2. bla: ned,
3. grøn: højre 4. grøn: højre,5. bla: op.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 11/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, ikke-triviel konflikt
Løsning: 1. bla: venstre, 2. bla: ned, 3. grøn: højre
4. grøn: højre,5. bla: op.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 11/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, ikke-triviel konflikt
Løsning: 1. bla: venstre, 2. bla: ned, 3. grøn: højre 4. grøn: højre,
5. bla: op.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 11/12
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Robotnavigation: To robotter, ikke-triviel konflikt
Løsning: 1. bla: venstre, 2. bla: ned, 3. grøn: højre 4. grøn: højre,5. bla: op.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 11/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning:
1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre,
2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned,
3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre
4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,
5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op,
6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre,
7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12
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To robotter: Bla er usikker pa grøns mal
?
?
Løsning: 1. grøn: højre, 2. grøn: ned, 3. bla: venstre 4. bla: venstre,5. grøn: op, 6. grøn: højre, 7. bla: højre.
Thomas Bolander, Matematikken i AI, DTU Compute, 26. april 2018 – p. 12/12