Modul ke:

Fakultas

Program Studi

Manajemen Persediaan

14 FEB

Manajemen

Material Handling

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

The Spinal Column

The Basic Structure

Short Term or acute effects:

• Sharp Surfaces

• Dropped Material

• Struck-by Moving Materials

• Mechanical Stress

• Slips and Falls

• “Simpler” Cause and effect relationship

Epidemiology of Back Injuries

Chronic or Long Term Effects

• Back Ache or Pain

• Disc Degeneration

• Cause and effect not

as simple, more difficult

to analyze

Epidemiology

• Out more than 6 months only 50% chance

of returning

• One year only 25%

• Management and Practitioner Training

One study showed that claims dropped from

200K to 20K per year by providing modified

work and conservative treat

Return to Work

Material Handling

• Lifting/Lowering

• Pushing/Pulling

• Carrying

• Weights and Forces

• Frequency of Activities

• Load Center of Gravity

Material Handling

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Job Risk Factors

• Weight of the Object

• Location (position of load

w.r.t. worker)

• Frequency of Lifts

• Stability of the Load

• Hand Coupling

• Workplace Geometry

Twisting/Stooping

• Environmental Factors

Personal Risk Factors

• Gender

• Age

• Anthropometry

• Lift technique

• Attitude

• Strength

• Training

• Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting

• Redesign work station/work area to allow

freedom of movement

• Provide handles on material handling equipment

• Provide lift-assist devices and tables

• Unit Load Concept

Examples of

Manual Handling Controls

Job Design

• Can reduce one-third of

compensable LBP

• Minimize reach and lift

distances

• Keep off floor

• Work station design

• Frequency

• Relax time standard

• Rotation

• Work-Rest allowances

Job Design

• Minimize Weight

• Mechanical aids

• Carton capacity

• Balance contents

• Convert

• Carry to push/pull

• Push over pull

• Use large wheels

Training

• Focus on awareness and

avoidance

• Get object as close to body

as possible

• Planning

• Use of handling aids

• Back Schools

• Strength and fitness

important

NIOSH Lifting Equation 1991 Version

• Objective: Reduce occurrence of

lifting-related LBP (low back pain)

• 1981 and 1991 equations

• 1981 limited to sagittal plane

• 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling

NIOSH Lifting Equation

Disqualifiers for Use

• One handed lifts

• More than 8 hours

• Seated or kneeling

• Restricted work space

• Unstable Objects

• Carrying, pushing or

pulling while lifting

• Wheelbarrows

or shovels

• High speed motion

• Unreasonable

foot/floor coupling

• Unfavorable

environment

Definition of Terms

• RWL = Recommended

weight limit

• LC = Load constant

• HM = Horizontal

multiplier

• VM = Vertical

multiplier

• DM = Distance

multiplier

• AM = Asymmetric

multiplier

• FM = Frequency

multiplier

• CM = Coupling

multiplier

1991 Equation

RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM

1991 Guide

• Compare RWL to Actual Load (L)

• If Greater than or equal to 1 problem

L

RWL

Lifting Index

1991 Multipliers

• LC = 51 Pounds

• HM = 10/H

• VM = 1-.0075 x / V-30/

• DM = .82 + (1.8/D)

• AM = 1 – (.0032 x A)

• FM go to Table

• CM go to Table

NIOSH Worksheet

Lifting Example

NIOSH Workshop

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Start of Lift End of Lift

NIOSH Workshop

NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator

Notes

Enter values in Yellow area.

For Composite Lifting Index (CLI) to be computed correctly,

sort tasks in decreasing order based on LI by pressing button.

CLI = 0.3 Period Freq

Task (hours) (#/min)

No. RWL LI AL MPL L (avg)L (max) H V H V Orig Dest P F C

1 24.3 0.2 29.0 87.0 5.0 18.0 30.0 15.0 40.0 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor

2 12.2 0.4 13.3 39.9 5.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 15.0 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor

3 11.0 0.5 11.4 34.1 5.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 52.0 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Hand Location (inches) Asymmetry

Handle

NIOSH Lifting Guidelines -- Job Analysis

Destination (degrees)1991 Guide 1981 Guide (lbs) Origin

Packer

Object Wt.

Sort

WISHA Calculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations

www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshopIE.htm

WISHA Workshop

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

WISHA

If the job is a hazard

• Reduce weight of load

• Increase weight of load so that it

requires mechanical assist

• Reduce the capacity of the container

• Etc.

References

• Applications guide for the revised NIOSH

lifting equation – On CD

• Elements of Ergonomic Programs – On CD

• Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace

Factors – On CD

• Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting

NIOSH 81-122

What does the worker need to

know from this presentation?

Daftar Pustaka

• Richardus Eko Indrajit, (2005), Manajemen Persediaan, Grasindo, Jakarta

• Heizer Jay, B.Rander, (206), Manajemen Operasi, Salemba Empat, Jakarta

• Hani handoko, (2002), Manajemen Produksi dan Operasi, BPFE, Yogyakarta

• Siswanto, (2005), Riset Operasi, Erlangga, Jakarta

• M. Syamsul Ma’arif, (2003), Manajemen Operasi, Grasindo, Jakarta

• Sofyan Assauri, (2001), Manajemen Operasi, BPFE, Jakarta

• Martinich, (2003), Operation Manaement, Prenice hall, New Yory

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