material with specific magnetic properties

8/13/2019 Material With Specific Magnetic Properties

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Material with specific magnetic

propertiesL. A. Dabrozanski, M. Drak, B. Zebowicz

FIKI FIRDAUS

21050112410004


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PURPOSE

To characterize the properties and application possibilities of

modern, soft and hard magnetic materials.


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INTRODUCTION

A great deal of information of magnetic

material can be learnt by studying its

hysteresis loop which shows the relationshipbetween the induced magnetic flux density(B)

and the magnetizing force(H).

Itsoften referred to as the B-H loop


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http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htm


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Saturasi adalah magnetisasi bahan yang tidakmengalami perubahan, sekalipun medan aplikasidiperbesar

Remanensi(sisa) adalah magnetisasi sisa ketika medanaplikasi magnetik ditiadakan (H=0). Dalam rangkaianmagnetik, remanensi dapat diartikan sebagai induksimagnetik sisa dalam rangkaian magnetik walaupunaplikasi gaya magnetik dihilangkan

Coercivitas adalah ketahanan bahan magnetik untukmengubah magnetisasinya, atau besarnya kuat medanmagnetik yang diaplikasikan untuk mendemagnetisasi

(mengurangi magnetisasi bahan menjadi nol) yangdiukur dalam MegaGauss Oersted (MGO)


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Some well known materials that exhibit easily

detectable magnetic properties are iron, some steels,

and the mineral lodestone however, almost every material is influenced to one

degree or another by the presence of a magnetic

field, although in most cases the influence is too

small to detect it without special equipment


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Magnetic materials may be classified

according to some of their basic magnetic

properties: Remanence (Br), Coercive force(Hc), Curie temperature (Tc).

Based on the value of these features materials

can be divided into soft or hard magneticmaterials


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http://hayatei.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/what-is-magnetic-field_03.html


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soft magnetic materials the value of coercive

force is very low (in the ideal material coercive

force is equal zero). That means materialpreviously strongly magnetized by extrinsic

magnetic field undergoes demagnetization

when the magnetic field is removed.


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The product of coercive force (Hc) and

remanence (Br) is called maximum energyproduct(BHmax). The higher value of maximum

energy product the stronger field can make

the permanent magnet.


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Evolution of Magnetic Material


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The first hard magnetic material was carbon steel which was latermodified; in 1885 in Australia a tungsten steel and in United Kingdom andUSA a chromium steel were developed.

In 1917 in Japan cobalt steel, called Hondassteel, was found.

In 1932 Y. Mishima in Japan has worked out a new alloy AlNiCo with iron,nickel and aluminum.

In the fifties of the last century it was also found that oxides with generalformula MOFe12O18called ferrites have magnetic properties.

Intermetallic phases of rare earth metals with 3d-metals have been foundout recently, in the seventies of the last century.

First materials based on Sm-Co were phases SmCo5 and Sm2Co17. Thesematerials have excellent magnetic properties but their price is highbecause of the presence of samarium and cobalt.

1984, the hard magnetic material based on Nd2Fe14B phasesimultaneously by Sumitomo Special Metals in Japan and General Motorsin USA.

Currently the investigations are being made on new hard magneticmaterials like: tetragonal RE2Fe14C phase (where RE rare earth metal),isomorphic RE2Fe14B phase and hexagonal or rhombohedral RE2Fe17Cxand RE2Fe17Nx phases.


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In the early 1900s the first major improvement in soft magnetic materials took place when R.

Hadfield introduced steels with silicon which gave higher permeabilities and appereciably less

loss than earlier developed steels.

In 1914 Permalloy was discovered (alloy with about 20% Fe and 80% Ni content) by Gustav

Elmen of Bell Laboratories, who found out it has higher permeability than silicon steel. In

1923, he discovered that its permeability could be greatly enhanced by heat treatment.

At the end of the forties of XX century in the laboratories of the Dutch Philips firm were

made soft ferrites (compound of iron oxide and oxides of others metals: zinc,manganese)

which have low cost.

The next step in the development of soft magnetic materials was the beginning of the

commercial scale production of the amorphous alloys (metallic glasses) in the seventies of XX

century by the Allied Chemical concern in USA. These alloys called Metglass are

manufactured as thin tapes. The main components of these materials are iron and cobalt.

In 1988 Y. Yoshizawa and coworkers from Hitachi have published surprising examination

results, which state that generation of about 70% of crystalline phase in the originally

amorphous alloy rich in Fe, leads to obtain material with specific magnetic properties with

improved properties in comparison with amorphous precursors. Obtained this way materials

are called nanocrystalline ferromagnetics and are the newest generation of soft magneticmaterials.

The best known commercial nanocrystalline ferromagnetics are FINEMET, HITPERM,

NANOPERM


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HARD MAGNETIC

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)


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SOFT MAGNETIC


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CONCLUSION


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http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/magnetic-hysteresis.html


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REFERENCES

C. Kuhrt, Processing of permament magnet materials based on rare earth transition metal

intermetallics, Intermetallics, 3 (1995) 255-263.

Dobrzaski, L. A, Drak. M, Zibowicz. B, Materials with specific magnetic properties, 9

(2006)

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http://www.ndt-

ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/MagParticle/Physics/HysteresisLoop.htm
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material with specific magnetic properties

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