matrix management for 272 – sustainable forest management
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Matrix Management
FOR 272 – Sustainable Forest Management
Global Deforestation
– Deforestation accounts for 20 to 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions
FAO (2005):
• 13 million hectares deforested annually
• Net loss of 7.3 million ha/yr (2000-2005)
• Down from 8.9 million ha/yr (1990-2000)
• Rates now increasing again due to conversion for oil palm plantations
http://www.millenniumassessment.org//en/index.aspx
IUCN’s* Six Protected Areas Management Categories
Category I. Strict Nature Reserve: managed for science or wilderness
Category II.National Park: managed primarily for ecosystem protection and recreation
Category III. Natural Monument: managed primarily for conservation of specific natural features
Category IV. Habitat/Species Management Area: managed for conservation through active intervention
Category V.Protected Landscape/Seascape: Managed for cultural and scenic integrity, conservation, and recreation; human
settlements and agricultural areas are accommodated
Category VI. Managed Resource Protected Area: Managed primarily for the sustainable use of ecosystems
IUCN = The World Conservation Union, previously known as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature
Status of the World’s Protected Areas
• 12% of terrestrial ecosystems
• < 10% of the world’s lakes
• 0.5% of marine areas
Data: World Conservation Monitoring Centre
From Lindenmayer and Franklin (2002)
• No more than 10-15% of the world major biomes are likely ever to be protected
• 50 % of tropical taxa predicted to go extinct with several decades even if > 10% of tropical forests are protected (Soule and Sanjayan 1998)
• Continued bias towards high elevations and least productive soils
• Hotspots and representativeness will be key issues
25 biological hotspots
1.4 percent of Earth’s land surface
35 percent of vertebrate species
44 percent of the world’s plant species.
1/3 of terrestrial plants and animals confined to less than 2 percent of the Earth’s surface.
Most hotspots have no conservation protection.
Atlantic Rainforest Restoration• The Atlantic rainforest
once covered 400,000 square miles
• Only 7% remains• 450 tree species per
hectare• 2.7% of world’s plant
species just in what is left• Testing innovative
funding mechanisms U.S. companies paying
for carbon sequestration• How do we restore it?
Large Core Reserve
Buffer Terrestrial
Corridor
Terrestrial RestorationWetland Restoration
Riparian Restoration
Riparian Corridor
Matrix Large Core Reserve
Buffer
Small Core Reserve
Matrix
Critical Roles for the Matrix
1. Supporting populations of species
2. Regulating the movement of organisms
3. Buffering sensitive areas and reserves
4. Maintaining the integrity of aquatic ecosystems
5. Opportunities for timber harvesting and resource extraction
Critical Roles for the Matrix
Other ecosystem functions• Hydrologic and watershed processes• Regulation of regional and global climate• Carbon sequestration• Nutrient cycling and soil conservation• Pollination service• Clean air and clean water• Open space, recreation, aesthetics, wilderness/outdoors
experiences, quality of life amenities, etc.
Matrix Management Principles
1. Maintenance of connectivity
2. Maintenance of landscape heterogeneity
3. Maintenance of stand complexity
4. Maintenance of intact aquatic ecosystems
5. Risk-spreading
Late-Successional Reserves Established by the Northwest Forest Plan
From: Vogt, K.A., J.C. Gordon, J.P. Wargo, D.J. Vogt, H. Asbjornsen, P.A. Palmiotto, H. J. Clark, J.L. O’Hara, W.S. Keeton, T. Patel-Weynand, and E. Witten. 1997. Ecosystems: Balancing Science with Management. Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y. 470 pp.
“Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options”
Weyerhaeuser Co. Variable Retention Forestry
National Forest System Lands
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker(Picoides borealis )
• Population declines due to loss of habitat
• Requires mature (70-100 year old) long-leaf pine forests for nesting
• Requires open-canopied, single-layered structure maintained by low intensity fire
• Forestry practices now the leading problem:
• Short-rotation silviculture
• Fire suppression
Historical Range of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker
• Historic: 74-92 millions acres of longleaf pine ecosystems on coastal plains of the southeast
• Current: 3 million acres remaining
Matrix Management Examples for
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker
• Federal ESA Recovery Plan Pending
• International Paper Habitat Conservation Plan for Southlands Experimental Forest in Bainbridge, Georgia
1. Requires conservation of 1,500 acres of suitable nesting habitat
2. Increase this to 5,000 acres
3. Goal of 25-30 nesting clusters
What forestry practices should private companies
and government agencies follow?
-> Conclusion: Maximizing NPV results in a net reduction of suitable habitat. Moderate NPV scenarios provide sufficient habitat
Former International Paper Lands: 172,000 acres
Former Champion International Lands
132,000 acres total:
26,000 to West Mountain Wildlife Management Area
22,000 to Nulhegen National Wildlife Refuge
84,000 to Essex Timber Co.
Former Champion International Lands in Northeastern Vermont
Apply the Triad Model: Where are the reserves? Which of these qualify?
What form will Matrix Management take on Essex Timber Co lands?
FSC Certification – Smartwood - 2003