matteo grazzi, la plataforma de conectividad de las américas
TRANSCRIPT
La plataforma de Conectividad de las
Américas
Matteo GrazziMatteo Grazzi
EconomistaEconomistaDivisión de Competitividad, Tecnología e InnovaciónDivisión de Competitividad, Tecnología e InnovaciónBanco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
Bogotá, 13 de Junio 2012Bogotá, 13 de Junio 2012
XV Cumbre reguladores y operadores AHCIET
Dependiendo del tipo de servicios, los requisitos en términos de velocidad y tecnología difieren
• Broadband provides internet connectivity at high speeds.
SDTV0.32 Mbps 4 Mbps
Juegos online0.5 Mbps 1 Mbps
Internet5 Mbps 10 Mbps0.2 Mbps 0.2 MbpsTelefonía IP
Almacenamiento en Red
10 Mbps 20 Mbps
HDTV0.5 Mbps 12 Mbps
3DTV 16 Mbps0.7 Mbps
Videotelefonía1 Mbps 1 Mbps
Videoconferencia 4 Mbps
BA Móvil7 Mbps 2Mbps
4 MbpsSDTVSDTV0.32 Mbps 4 Mbps
Juegos onlineJuegos online0.5 Mbps 1 Mbps
InternetInternet5 Mbps 10 Mbps0.2 Mbps 0.2 MbpsTelefonía IPTelefonía IP
Almacenamiento en Red
10 Mbps 20 Mbps
HDTVHDTV0.5 Mbps 12 Mbps
3DTV3DTV 16 Mbps0.7 Mbps
VideotelefoníaVideotelefonía1 Mbps 1 Mbps
VideoconferenciaVideoconferencia 4 Mbps
BA MóvilBA Móvil7 Mbps 2Mbps
4 Mbps
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Understanding broadband speed requirements for the “Home of the future”:
IP Telephony
Video Telephony
Video Conference
Online games
Network Storage
Mobile BB
*Broadband: Minimum of 0.2 Mbps to 100 Mbps
El uso y la demanda para todo tipo de servicios en línea se espera que sigan creciendo en América Latina :
peer-to-peer file sharing: ∆ 445%
Source: Own elaboration, based on Informa Telecom & Media (2010)
La naturaleza del problema depende de las condiciones sociodemográficas y geográficas, que afectan el rendimiento
financiero de las inversiones
PUBLIC: • Rural areas where specific intervention to guarantee Service / Universal Access is needed and incentives are required• The main problem is the lack of infrastructures• Profitability is not feasible: market failure
PUBLIC/PRIVATE: • Urban-rural areas with medium density• Mobile infrastructure is the best technological option for voice and data services. PPPs needed• There are regulatory and infrastructure problems. Public intervention may accelerate broadband development.• Profitability could be feasible
PRIVATE: • Urban dense areas of high density• Usually exists more than one infrastructure • The main problems are related to the regulatory framework and competition• Profitability is feasible: market dynamics
1
2
340%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Sin banda ancha
% Municipios
% Hogares
Zona de muy baja penetración en BA
>2.500 hog./mun. >150 hog./mun.
>5.000 hog./mun.
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Sin banda ancha
% Municipios
% Hogares
Zona de muy baja penetración en BA
>2.500 hog./mun. >150 hog./mun.
>5.000 hog./mun.
1
23
> 25,000 hh./mun.
> 10,000 hh./mun. > 2,500 hh./mun.
Households
MunicipalitiesSource: García Zaballos, A (GSM)
Level of strategic regulatory / policy Intervention
• Deploy backbone network infrastructure
• Initiate policy enablers such as infrastructure sharing to increase competition
• Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic areas
• Deploy access network to increase coverage in the low demand areas (financial incentive)
• In addition, develop services and applications to drive usage / demand
• Stimulate further adoption through development of public services targeted towards mass market and utility services
• Ensure coverage of un-served / underserved areas
Network Deployment Ecosystem Development Universal Access and Welfare
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
High
Med
Med-High
Ho
use
ho
ld B
road
ban
d P
enet
rati
on
Source: Analysys Mason
Significant role of government in rollout of core and access infrastructure, either through own and / or mandating incumbent and regulatory / policy changes to increase penetrationInvestment model: Ownership / PPP
Significant role of government in rollout of core and access infrastructure, either through own and / or mandating incumbent and regulatory / policy changes to increase penetrationInvestment model: Ownership / PPP Growth in broadband adoption is
primarily driven by market forces. Major investments are from private sector with the role of government typically limited to providing financial incentivesInvestment model: PPP / Financial Incentives
Growth in broadband adoption is primarily driven by market forces. Major investments are from private sector with the role of government typically limited to providing financial incentivesInvestment model: PPP / Financial Incentives
Level of government intervention increases to enable service development to stimulate demand and ensure BB availability to all services at affordable pricesInvestment model: PPP / Financial incentives
Level of government intervention increases to enable service development to stimulate demand and ensure BB availability to all services at affordable pricesInvestment model: PPP / Financial incentives
La experiencia demuestra que la tipología de intervención pública depende de las condiciones específicas que enfrenta
cada país
Level of strategic regulatory / policy Intervention
• Deploy backbone network infrastructure
• Initiate policy enablers such as infrastructure sharing to increase competition
• Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic areas
• Deploy access network to increase coverage in the low demand areas (financial incentive)
• In addition, develop services and applications to drive usage / demand
• Stimulate further adoption through development of public services targeted towards mass market and utility services
• Ensure coverage of un-served / underserved areas
Network Deployment Ecosystem Development Universal Access and Welfare
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
High
Med
Med-High
Ho
use
ho
ld B
road
ban
d P
enet
rati
on
Source: Analysys Mason
Teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de la región, América Latina se enfrenta a diferentes desafíos que requieren respuestas distintas
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Australia 90% of homes, schools and workplaces will receive 100Mbit/s broadband under National Broadband Network plans
BruneiCurrently developing a
Broadband Strategic Plan
Canada CAD225 million to develop and implement a broadband coverage strategy for under-served communities
Finland100Mbit/s to be available to nearly all Finns by the end of 2015
France USD2.88 billion to encourage service provider network investments in smaller cities and rural areas
Germany By 2014, 75% of all regions to have access to 50Mbit/s Internet via fibre, cable or wireless connections
IrelandUnder the National Broadband Scheme the government is contributing EUR79.8 million towards an investment programme of c.EUR223M
Sources: Government websites
Japan Targeting over 100Mbit/s for mobile and 1Gbit/s for fixed by 2015
MalaysiaThe National Broadband Initiative plus high-speed broadband deployment to increase penetration rate to 50%
SpainBroadband added to universal service requirement, 100% basic broadband coverage targeted by 2013 and extensive penetration of ultra-fast broadband by 2020
PortugalPublic tenders issued to deliver broadband across the country at a minimum speed of 40Mbit/s
USAUSD7.2 billion set aside to expand broadband access to un-served and under-served communities
Republic of KoreaKRW1.3 trillion to be invested to increase speeds from 100Mbits to 1Gbits by 2012
SingaporeThe Next Generation National Broadband Network will deliver 1Gbit/s to 95% by mid-2012
Thailand Developing a National Broadband
UKBy 2012 intends to have a universal service broadband commitment of 2Mbit/s
Increase speedIncrease coverageDevelop UniversalPlan
Países de todo el mundo han enfrentado este reto embarcándose en ambiciosos planes de expansión de banda
ancha
Baja penetración
Altos preciosHecho 2:
Hecho 1:
Bajo usoHecho 3:
Las dimensiones de la Banda Ancha en América Latina
1:Baja penetración
Heterogénea entre países
Y desigual dentro de cada país
Go Back
Los países latinoamericanos tienen una penetración mucho menor de las TIC que los países de la OCDE
Existen diferentes condiciones socio-demográficas y económicas a tener en cuenta
La penetración móvil del 100% existe, como es la norma ahora casi todo el mundo, pero casi todos los teléfonos son de banda estrecha y no smartphones
Hay una brecha entre la tasa de penetración móvil y la penetración de banda ancha móvil (oportunidad de crecimiento)
En conclusión:
13
Hecho 2: Conexiones de baja velocidad a precios inaccesibles
Average speed offered (Mbps) Broadband prices - Average plans (U$ PPP/month)
2.32 117Latin-America Average
Average price per Mbps (U$ PPP/Mbps)
136
Source: Galperin and Ruzzier (2010, 2011)
Broadband prices - Average plans as a % of income per capita (U$ PPP/month)OECD: 2% of monthly incomeLAC: 18% of monthly income
Source: GNI Per capita PPP year – World Bank data Catalogue (2010 )
OECD countries pay, on average, only 6% of LAC prices per Mbps.
Go Back
Hecho 3:Bajo uso por parte de todos los actores
Source: Own elaboration, based on WEF, 2012
The usage subindex measures Information and Communication Technology (ICT) penetration and diffusion among the main social agents. The compounded subindex assesses individual efforts to increase their capacity to use ICT, as well as their actual use in their day-to-day activities with other agents.
Estas dimensiones representan los mayores desafíos para que la región y sus habitantes se beneficien de la banda ancha:
Baja penetración
Altos precios
Bajo uso
Hecho 2:
Hecho 1:
Hecho 3:
Acceso universalY también….
Servicios universales
Desafio 1: Acceso
Precios accesiblesDesafio 2: Adopcion
Falta de alfabetizacion digital
Falta de contenidos localesDesafio 3: Uso
La región ha reconocido la necesidad de promover la penetración de banda ancha y ha solicitado el apoyo del BID
Recent Regional Political Acknowledgement and Agreements:
• VI Summit of the Americas: “To foster increased connection of telecommunication networks in general, including fiber optic and broadband, among the region’s countries, as well as international connections, to improve connectivity, increase the dynamism of communications between the nations of the Americas…” (Cartagena, 2012)
• The 12 members of the Union of South American Countries (UNASUR) agreed to address the region’s gap in broadband penetration (Brazil, 2011).
• Caribbean Ministers of Telecommunications requested an assessment of countries’ broadband infrastructure and regulatory frameworks and training on the importance of broadband. (2011)
…among others…
Una forma nueva y más eficiente de hacer lo que el Banco ya está haciendo:
Institutions
Integration
Infrastructure & Environment
Social
Broadband as an enabler for
INNOVATION
Development of broadband plans and broadband strategies for digitalization
Demand & Supply side
Support efforts to update the regulatory
frameworks to reduce the prices
and evolve towards universality of
Broadband
Supply side
Increase the penetration of services and applications
thorough PPP and public investments
Supply & Demand side
Development of innovative services
and applications and through capacity
building of the public and the private
sector
Demand side
Un enfoque integral es necesario para aumentar el acceso, la adopción y el uso de servicios de banda
ancha en la región:
Construcción de capacidades
Construcción de capacidades
4Políticas
Públicas y visión
estratégica
Políticas Públicas y
visión estratégica
RegulaciónRegulación InfraestructuraInfraestructura
321
Technical cooperation projects to: Public Policies
Regulation Infra-structure
Capacity building
ONGOING / ACTIVE:Develop Broadband Plans for Central America Develop National Plan of Connectivity in Haiti Support in the development of the Broadband strategy for the Government of Honduras Wireless networks and services for social inclusion in the Municipality of Guacarí in Colombia Broadband network for Yucatan IN-DESIGN / PIPELINE:Development of a Regional Public Good in the Caribbean Development of demonstration projects in Peru, Jamaica, Costa Rica and Paraguay Support to UNASUR in the development of an optical fiber ring for the 13 countries. Prefeasibility studies
El Banco ya está apoyando a los países y desarrollando trabajo analítico
Knowledge products and ESWs - Ongoing Cross-cutting work: •Development of a broadband index and a balance scorecard for the 26 countries•Econometric model to show the impact that broadband has on economic growth and productivity. •Development of broadband maps to open the dialogue on PPPs*TO DO: •Review the regulatory framework on spectrum management to launch “white spaces”•Study on funding / investment schemes for broadband deployment in the region
431 2
*IFD is grateful to the Korean and Spanish Governments for their support and vision
El BID ha fortalecido sus vínculos con el sector privado:
PPPs are an essential element in this effort: Therefore, in coordination with more than 25 representatives from the telecommunications industry worldwide, the Bank produced an action-oriented report stating the industry’s common position on how to accelerate broadband penetration in the LAC Region.
Como puede el BID apoyar a América Latina en este desafío?
El papel del BID: Continuar apoyando acciones específicas de acuerdo a su mandato de
seguir haciendo lo que hacemos, pero hacerlo mejor Aprovechar el conocimiento disponible y la experiencia en sectores críticos
para el desarrollo. Usar sus capacidades para seguir un enfoque integral para la expansión de la
banda ancha en la región (4 pilares) Mantener alianzas estratégicas con otros organismos multilaterales y el sector
privado
Instrumentos disponibles: Conjunto de instrumentos diversos para apoyar a los países: préstamos,
cooperaciones técnicas no reembolsables, asesoría técnica, productos de conocimientos.
