matter
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Properties of matterProperties of matter
![Page 2: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
General Properties of General Properties of MatterMatter
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Everything is made of matter
![Page 3: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
What are properties?What are properties?
Characteristics used to describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness
video
![Page 4: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
General Properties of General Properties of mattermatter
Mass, weight, volume, and density
Properties are used to identify a substance
![Page 5: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
What is mass?What is mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Mass is constant Mass is also the measure of inertia
![Page 6: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
What is inertia?What is inertia? Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion
The more mass the greater the inertia
![Page 7: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
QuestionsQuestions
How is mass related to inertia?
Why are properties of an object important?
![Page 8: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
9
QuestionQuestion
Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?
![Page 9: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
10
QuestionQuestion
What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?
![Page 10: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
11
QuestionQuestion
Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?
![Page 11: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
12
QuestionQuestion
What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?
![Page 12: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
13
QuestionQuestion
What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?
![Page 13: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
14
WeightWeight The measure of the force of
gravity on the mass of an object
Weight changes with gravity
The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)
![Page 14: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
15
Weight formulaWeight formula 1 kg = 2.2 pounds Weight is mass times gravity (9.8
m/s2) W= m x g What is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?
![Page 15: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
16
What is gravity?What is gravity? The force of attraction
between objects is gravity All objects exert a
gravitational force on each other
![Page 16: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
17
QuestionQuestion Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?
![Page 17: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
18
Gravitational pullGravitational pull
The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force
![Page 18: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
19
QuestionQuestion
Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?
![Page 19: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
20
What affects gravity?What affects gravity? The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases
gravity depends on mass and distance
![Page 20: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
21
GravityGravity
The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh
![Page 21: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
22
QuestionQuestion
Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?
![Page 22: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
23
QuestionQuestion
The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?
![Page 23: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
24
QuestionsQuestions
What are three properties of matter related to mass?
![Page 24: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
25
QuestionQuestion
What is density and how is it calculated?
![Page 25: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
26
DensityDensity The density of water is 1.0 g/ml
Objects with densities greater than 1.0 will sink in water
![Page 26: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
27
DensityDensity
Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water
![Page 27: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
28
IceIce Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water
Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed
![Page 28: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
29
Astronomy fact!Astronomy fact! The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!
![Page 29: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
30
CalculationsCalculations
If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?
![Page 30: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
31
CalculationCalculation
If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?
![Page 31: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
32
CalculationCalculation If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?
![Page 32: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
33
What is specific gravity?What is specific gravity?
A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity
![Page 33: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
34
QuestionsQuestions
How is density different from specific gravity?
![Page 34: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
35
What is a physical What is a physical property?property?
Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
![Page 35: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
36
Phases of matter Phases of matter
(video)(video) Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
solids have a definite shape and volume
![Page 36: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
37
Solid particle Solid particle arrangement arrangement
Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate
Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous
![Page 37: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
38
Types of solidsTypes of solids Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar)
Amorphous solids can lose their shape
![Page 38: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
39
Examples of amorphous Examples of amorphous solidssolids
Tar, candle wax, glass Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)
![Page 39: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
40
Liquid particle Liquid particle arrangementarrangement
Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move
![Page 40: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
41
QuestionQuestion
Describe the shape of a liquid.
![Page 41: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
42
Describe a liquidDescribe a liquid
Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume
![Page 42: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
43
QuestionQuestion
What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a four-liter container?
![Page 43: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
44
Properties of liquidsProperties of liquids Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container
Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow
![Page 44: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
45
What is viscosity?What is viscosity? The resistance of a liquid to
flow The difficulty of a liquid to
flow easily Honey, motor oil, corn
syrup have a high viscosity
![Page 45: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
46
Behavior of liquidsBehavior of liquids
Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles
Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles
![Page 46: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
47
Surface tension (video)Surface tension (video)
Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion
![Page 47: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
48
QuestionQuestion
Describe the viscosity of a liquid.
Describe a liquid’s shape.
![Page 48: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
49
QuestionsQuestions
How is adhesion different from cohesion?
Explain surface tension.
![Page 49: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
50
Properties of gasesProperties of gases Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video)
They fill all the available space in a container
![Page 50: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
51
Kinetic Molecular Kinetic Molecular Theory of MatterTheory of Matter
Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion
![Page 51: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
52
QuestionQuestion
How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?
![Page 52: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
53
Gas lawsGas laws
Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume
![Page 53: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
54
Charles LawCharles Law
Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)
![Page 54: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
55
Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases
Heating air causes it to expand
![Page 55: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
56
QuestionQuestion
How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?
![Page 56: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
57
PressurePressure
The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area
![Page 57: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
58
Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)
![Page 58: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
59
Boyle’s lawBoyle’s law If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)
The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure
![Page 59: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
60
PlasmaPlasma
Plasma (phase) most common phase in the
universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)
![Page 60: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
61
QuestionQuestion
What are the four phases of matter?
Describe the plasma phase of matter.
![Page 61: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
62
Phase changes (video)Phase changes (video)
Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation
![Page 62: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
63
What is a physical What is a physical change?change? Physical changes involve
the changing of physical properties
Type of matter remains the same
![Page 63: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
64
QuestionsQuestions
Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).
![Page 64: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
65
Physical changesPhysical changes
Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change
![Page 65: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
66
Melting Melting videovideoPhase change from a solid to a liquid
![Page 66: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
67
Melting pointMelting point
Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid
Physical property
![Page 67: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
68
QuestionsQuestions
How is melting different from freezing?
![Page 68: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
69
Phase changes (video) Phase changes (video) Involve a change in
volume, but mass remains constant
Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes
![Page 69: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
70
VaporizationVaporization
Phase change from a liquid to a gas
![Page 70: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
71
Boiling point (video)Boiling point (video) The temperature in which a
liquid boils Point at which a liquid
changes to a gas
![Page 71: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
72
Freezing (video)Freezing (video)Phase change of a liquid to a solid
The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point
![Page 72: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
73
CondensationCondensation Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid
Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas
![Page 73: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
74
QuestionQuestion
Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.
![Page 74: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
75
Sublimation examplesSublimation examples
Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation
![Page 75: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
76
Chemical propertiesChemical properties Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties
Ex: flammability
![Page 76: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
77
Chemical changesChemical changes The change of a substance
into a new and different substance
Also known as a chemical reaction
video
![Page 77: Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062514/55862f97d8b42a4c578b4d7c/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
78
QuestionsQuestions
What is another name for a chemical change?
Describe sublimation. How is a chemical change
different from a physical change?