matter
DESCRIPTION
Matter. Objectives. Define the words: matter, mass, volume, solid, liquids , gas, substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture Differentiate between the physical and chemical properties of matter. Differentiate between a chemical change and a physical change. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MATTER
Objectives
Define the words: matter, mass, volume, solid, liquids , gas, substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture
Differentiate between the physical and chemical properties of matter.
Differentiate between a chemical change and a physical change.
Differentiate between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.
Definitions
Matter is anything that takes up space (has volume) and has mass.
Mass: amount of matter in an object. Volume: amount of space occupied by an
object.
States of Matter
Solid- has a definite shape and a definite volume.
States of Matter
Liquid- has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container.
States of Matter
Gas-takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Checking Understanding
1. Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Answer: Solid2. Which state of matter has a definite
volume but takes the shape of its container?
Answer: Liquid3. Which state of matter takes both the
shape and volume of its container?
Answer: Gas
The Chemical Difference
Atoms of solids are packed tightly together, only vibrating.
Atoms of liquids are packed more loosely, and can move more freely.
Atoms of gases move very freely in all directions.
The Chemical Difference
Properties of Matter
Physical Properties: can be measured/observed without changing the identity of the substance
Examples: color, mass, temperature, density, permeability, melting point, velocity (speed)
Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties: cannot be measured/observed without changing the identity of the substance
Examples: flammability, acidity, toxicity, reactivity
Changes In Matter: Physical
Physical Change: a change in a substance which does not change the identity of the substance
Examples: boiling water, breaking a branch off a tree, melting ice cream, recycling plastic
Changes In Matter: Chemical
Chemical Change: a change that produced matter with a different composition than the original (changes its identity)
Examples: burning wood, most chemical reactions, rusting
What is a physical change?
A physical change is a change in size, shape, or state of matter.
Melting
Melting is a physical change.
Freezing
Freezing is an example of physical change.
Bending
Bending is a physical change.
Tearing
Tearing into something is an example of a physical change.
Scratching
Scratching the surface of something is a physical change.
Breaking
Breaking an object is a physical change.
What is a chemical change?
A chemical change is the change of one or more substances into different substances.
Signs of a chemical change
Color change.
Signs of a chemical change
Gas production. Bubbles are made.
Signs of a chemical change
Odor
Signs of a chemical change
A sound.
Signs of a chemical change
Heat is given off or taken in.
Chemical or Physical Change?
Cutting wood.
Chemical or Physical Change?
Rotten eggs.
Chemical or Physical Change?
Chemical or Physical Change?
Digestion.
broken bottle, fried chicken, rusting chain, broken pencil, sliced apples, burning wood,
frozen orange juice, moldy cheese
PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE
Substances and Mixtures
What is a substance?
Substances
Substance – matter that has a uniform and definite composition
Always has the same physical properties
Substances
Examples: copper, water, carbon dioxide, ethanol (type of alcohol), sodium chloride (table salt), oxygen, carbon
NOT examples: cola, air, any living thing
Mixtures
Mixture – blend of 2 or more substances
Compositions may vary Strong or weak coffee Blood sugar level Soil Ocean water
Mixtures
Most forms of matter we encounter every day are mixtures
Two Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixture: not uniform in composition (one portion may be different than another)
Two Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous mixture: uniform in composition (one portion will have the same ratio of substances as all others) Ex. Salt water, air, stainless steel (Cr, Fe, and Ni)
Solution – another name for a homogeneous mixture (solid, liquid, or gas)
Homogeneous or Heterogeneous
Are these mixtures homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Saltwater Sandy water Brewed tea Orange juice with pulp in it Water with ice cubes Chicken noodle soup milk
Matter
http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/pcchange.html
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/
http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesson14.htm