Matter

Period 4Group 9

The world that we live in is made of matter.

The Nature of Matter

• Matter– Has mass and occupies space– Made up of atoms

This necklace is made of matter.So is the silver bar on the left.

The Nature of Atoms continued…

• Atoms– Fundamental unit of elements– Are microscopic– Seen with high powered

microscopes

Example• Why is light not considered matter?

Light is not considered matter because it doesn’t have mass or takes up space.

You can stand in front of light but it doesn’t take up space. You can walk through it. It doesn’t have weight either.

Elements and Compounds

• Element

–Cannot be broken down further–Only one type of atom–Pure substance– Tend to be bonded, not alone.

Elements and Compounds continued..

• Compounds

–Bonded in a specific way.–Can be found in nature.–Same composition, different elements–Pure Substance

Elements and Compounds Continue..

• Molecule– Collection of atoms

that acts like a unit.– Can be a

compound.

H2 is a molecule because it only has one type of atom. However, H2O is a compound and a molecule.

Example

• Compare and contrast a compound and molecule.

Compound Molecule

Different atoms.Easier to break apart.

Same OR different atoms.Acts as unit, harder to

break apart.

Both are found in nature.

States of Matter

• Matter– Solid, liquid, or gas.

Example

• What are the differences between the states of matter on a molecular scale?

Spaced out.Freely moves around.

Enough space to slide around past each other.

Compacted together. Doesn’t move.

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Physical properties– Can be observed without altering substance– Includes odor, color, volume, state of matter, etc

• Chemical properties– Substance’s ability to form new substance.– Only observed by chemically testing.

Example

• Why can you not tell the chemical properties of a substance through its physical properties?

You can only know the chemical properties of a substance based on how it reacts with other substances. You can’t look at a substance and know the chemical properties. You won’t know its ability to change into another substance.

Physical and Chemical Changes

• Physical change– Doesn’t change

composition.– State of matter change.

Physical and Chemical Changes Continued..

• Chemical Changes– Change substance’s composition– New substance is formed.– Bubbles of gas, color change, temperate change,

light made, change of volume, electricity, melting/boiling point changed, change in chemical/physical properties.

Example

• What is the difference between a chemical and physical change?Chemical Change Physical change

1) Changes substance.

2) Original matter can’t be recovered.

3) Particles of the substance are broken apart and put back together in new way making new substance.

1) Doesn’t change substance.

2) Original matter can be recovered.

3) Particles are rearranged.

Quiz

1) Why can’t atoms be broken down further?2) Would you expect to find an element to be found

alone? Why or why not?3) How are the different states of matter different in

terms of physical properties? (shape & volume)4) Is an element’s ability to bond and create

compounds a physical or chemical property? Why?5) If a substance’s composition is rearranged, is it a

chemical change or physical change? Why?Ex. 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O

Answers!1) Atoms can’t be broken down further because they are

the most basic and smaller unit for elements or matter.2) You typically don’t find an element to be alone because

they tend to bond and make compounds.3) A solid holds its shape and has a fixed volume. A liquid

takes the shape of its container and has a fixed volume. A gas takes the shape and volume of its container. It has no specific volume most of the time.

4) It is a chemical property because creating bonds and compounds shows a substance’s ability to change into another substance.

5) It is a chemical change because a bond is being created and a new substance is formed.

References• http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/HIGHLIGHT/2002/fig0206_1.jpg (1)• http://wishiwerethere.typepad.com/pgwp/images/dark_matter.jpg (1)• http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/05_01/DarkMatterPA_468x468.jpg (1)• http://www.whatsnextnetwork.com/technology/media/darkmatter.jpg (1)• http://i.treehugger.com/images/2007/10/24/air-quality-clouds.jpg (2)• http://www.theodora.com/wfb/photos/russia/st_isaacs_cathedral_st_petersburg

_russia_photo_gov.jpg (2)

• http://legalplanet.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/ocean-turtle.jpg (2)• http://www.tiffanywell.com/images/TiffanyNecklace-025.jpg (3)• http://www.weixinamerica.com/images/silverbar.jpg (3)• http://misterandmissus.com/arik_levy_gold_bar_doorstop.jpg (4)• http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v2/n5/images/nnano.2007.119-f1.jpg (4)• http://www.corbisimages.com/images/42-15242518.jpg?size=67&uid=EA9450A5-

6B61-42B9-B03F-8A448B28DEE2 (5)

• http://www.slipperybrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/rubiks-cube-light-lamp-1.jpg (5)

• http://www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/water.jpg (8)• http://image.tutorvista.com/content/atoms-molecules/rmm-of-hydrogen.jpeg (8)

References Continued• http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Images/state.gif (10)• http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/lessons/Indianajennette2112003807/

ThreeStatesofMatter.jpg (11)• http://www.coletechnologies.us/files/states_of_matter.JPG (12)• http://www.galbraith.com/images/pic-industry-specific.jpg (14)• http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/images/

s4.ice_melt2.jpg(15)• http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/wp-content/uploads/

statechangeenergy.gif (15)# corresponds to slide #