Matter

What is matter?• Anything that has mass and takes up space.• What do we use to measure mass?

– Balance– What are the units associated with mass?

• Grams

• Do these have matter?– Balloon

• Atmospheric pressure = mass • Therefore, gas has mass and takes up space

– Cube

• What are all of these made of?– Atoms

Not Matter

• What then is not matter?– Light

• It is Energy

• Doesn’t take up space and has no mass

– Waves• Light waves, sound waves, water waves

– Heat/Cold• Energy or the lack of energy

Atoms

• All matter is made of atoms

• To make a substance, these atoms are arranged in a certain way.

• The arrangement determines the properties of that substance.

• What kinds of properties are there?

Properties of Matter

• Shape• Color• Texture• Odor• Luster• Transparency• Density• Size• Volume

• Mass• Melting Point• Boiling Point• Freezing Point• Hardness• Resistance• Flamable• Will every substance have all of

these properties?

Properties of Matter

• Conductivity– Will it conduct

electricity?

• Magnetism• Solubility

– Will it dissolve in water?

• Brittleness– Is the lead brittle? NO

• Insulator• Are there more?• Yes• You should be able to

list at least 7.

Property•Is the absence of a property a property?

•The lack of it is just as good as having it.

•Ie – odor – lack of odor

•Luster – lack of luster

Determines?

• What determines the properties of matter?

• The arrangement of atoms

Scribble on a piece of paper

• What is graphite made of?– Layers of Carbon – Element #6

• Graphite comes off in layers

• It is soft – that is why it comes off

Another Substance Made of Carbon

• What is another substance made of Carbon?

• Graphite = Carbon

• Coal = Carbon

• Charcoal = Carbon

• Diamond = Carbon

Cut Down Trees

• What happens when we cut down trees?

• Smolder trees?

• Left with Carbon

• Compact Carbon together and we get bricks.

The Difference…

• The difference between pencil graphite and diamond is the arrangement of atoms.

• Manmade diamonds are industrial made – used on drill bits, saws, etc

Bucky Ball

• Newly discovered molecular structure of carbon

• No uses for it yet

Phases of Matter

Phases of MatterPhases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Solid

• Does a solid have a definite volume?

• Yes

• A definite shape?

• Yes

• Motion of particles?

• Yes

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Liquid

• Blue liquid in syringe

• Can I compress it?

• No

• Therefore definite volume

• Pouring liquid out

• Definite shape?

• No

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact

Gas

Plasma

Gas• Balloon• Push and squeeze it• Will it move?• Yes• Therefore, no definite shape• Put air in syringe• Can I compress it?• Yes• Therefore, empty space in between particles and

no definite volume

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact

Gas No No Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact

Plasma

Plasma• Examples of plasma• Sun• Stars• Only exists at high temperatures• Definite Volume?• Yes• Definite Shape?• No• Speed of molecules?• Very Very Fast

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact

Gas No No Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact

Plasma Yes No Very Very Fast

Physical Change• What is it?• When matter undergoes a change in size, shape, or

phase.• Rip paper• Twist paper• You still have paper• Blow up balloon – size change, shape change.• Pop it – still a balloon• Did it change chemically?• No

More Examples

• Paper torn –• Size and shape• Balloons Blown up• Size and shape• Roads• Size and shape• Boiled Water • Liquid water into gas

Chemical Change

• A new substance formed with new properties• Paper • Color, texture, odor, shape, volume, mass• What is rust?• Iron and Oxygen• Limestone and Acid• Gas (Bubbles)

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

Properties of a Compound• The components of a compound do not retain their individual properties. Both sodium and chlorine are poisonous; their compound, table salt - NaCl - is absolutely essential to life.

• It takes a large amount of energy to separate the components of a compound.

Examples of a Compound

• Water - H2O

• Salt - NaCl

• Sugar - C12H22O11

Properties of Mixtures

• Each of its components retains its characteristic properties.

• Its components are easily separated.

Examples of Mixtures

• Air• Soil• Ocean Water