MBCx Projects – Programs, Process, and Results Soda, Tan, Shields and Wurster

David Jump, Ph.D., P.E., Matt Denny, P.E.Quantum Energy Services & Technologies, Inc.

Arch 249X: The Secret Life of Buildings, Oct. 2008

2

Overview

This presentation will discuss:

Process and Benefits of Monitoring-Based Commissioning

• Differences with RCx

Integration of M&V in RCx

Results from 3 Buildings

Progress on Wurster

Discussion

3

Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx)

• Third-Party Energy Efficiency Partnership Program

Funded by public goods charges under auspices of CPUC

Available to University of California and California State University Campuses

• One of multiple RCx programs in California:

PG&E Core RCx Program

PG&E RCx Services and Incentives Program

SCE RCx Program

SCE/LA County RCx Partnership (LA County buildings only)

San Diego RCx Program

4

MBCx Project Scope

• Planning Phase Develop M&V Plan (IPMVP or ASHRAE 14) Add energy metering

• electric interval, gas pulse, steam, etc.• systems level (e.g. chillers, AHU, etc.)

• Planning Phase

Initial site visit

Review documentation

Identify project requirements

Provide commissioning plan

• Investigation Phase

Inventory equipment

Calibrate sensors, conduct PM activities

Develop and carry out functional tests

Identify operational deficiencies

Document costs and benefits to correct deficiencies

• Implementation Phase

Install and commission measures

Document improved performance

• Hand-off Phase

Provide final report

Provide training

• Investigation Phase Begin monitoring

• Energy• Independent variables (OAT, etc.)

Develop Baseline energy model

• Implementation Phase Collect post-installation data Develop post-installation model Determine Savings

• Hand-off Phase Establish energy tracking system Provide periodic savings reports Address deficient performance

RCx Process Additional MBCx Elements

5

Approach

VSD

VSD

kWh Meter

Gas Meter

Hot Water PlantChilled Water Plant

Air Handling Unit

DHW

MCC

L

P

L

L

L

P

P

P

Lighting and Plug Load

Men Women

• Option C - Whole Building

• Option B: Retrofit Isolation (HVAC Systems)

• Select measurement boundary

6

Approach

• Defining Systems - by ‘Services’ provided

Chilled water system:

• Chiller, CHW pumps, etc.

Air handling system:

• Supply fan, return fan, exhaust fan

Hot water system:

• Boiler, HW pumpsVSD

VSD CHW

Boiler

VSD

Chiller

Cooling Tower

CW Pump

PCHWPump

SCHWPumps

7

Three Case Studies

• UC Berkeley

Soda Hall – Computer Science Building, 109,000 ft2

Tan Hall – Chemistry Building (100% OA), 106,000 ft2

• UC Davis

Shields Library – main undergraduate library, 400,070 ft2

8

Soda Hall• UC Berkeley’s Computer Science Department (24/7 operation)

• 109,000 ft2

• Central Plant (2 - 215 ton chillers & associated equipment)

• Steam to hot water heating

• 3 Main VAV AHUs,

AHU1 serves building core,

AHUs 3 and 4 serve the perimeter, with hot water reheat

9

Soda Hall RCx Findings

SystemMeasure

No.Description

Implementation Date

Energy, kWh/yr

Energy, lbs/yr

Dollars, $/yr

Cost, $Payback,

yr

AHU1-2

Resume supply air temperature reset control and return economizer to normal operation

10/25/2006 129,800 266,250 $19,004 $1,550 0.1

AHU1-3 Repair/replace VFDs in return fans 10/25/2006 34,308 $4,460 $7,000 1.6

AHU1-4

Reduce high minimum VAV box damper position

3/9/2006 46,300 119,300 $6,973 $15,250 2.2

AHU3-2 & AHU4-2

Option 2: Reduce high minimum VAV box damper position

3/9/2006 30,600 2,328,100 $22,603 $17,250 0.8

AHU3-3 & AHU4-3

Re-establish scheduled fan operation and VAV AHU-3 (includes repair/replace VFD on return fan EF-17), AHU-4 (includes repair/replace VFDs on supply SF-18 and return EF-19 fans, and elimination of low VFD speed setting during the day)

10/25/2006 242,000 $31,460 $14,000 0.4

Total 483,008 2,713,650 $84,500 $55,050 0.7

Percentage Savings

10% 51% 14%

Utility Data Steam 5,325,717 lbs

Electricity 4,871,678 kWhr

Cost $621,575

Savings

AH

U-1

AH

Us 3 &

4

10

M&V Approach for Soda Hall

• Assessment:

Whole-building electric and steam meters present

EMS that trends all points at 1 min (COV) intervals

8-month history of data

RCx measures in AHU and Chilled Water Systems

• Electric and steam savings

Very high EUI – unsure if can discern savings at whole building level

• M&V Approach:

Option B – applied at systems level (electric only)

Option C – whole building level (electric and steam)

11

Soda Hall Affected SystemsSystem Equipment Affected

by ECM?Available Points

XMain Electric Meters (2) kWMain Steam Meters (2) lb

XChillers 1 and 2 kWPrimary Chilled Water Pumps P-5, P-6 StatusSecondary Chilled Water Pumps, P-3, P-4 VFD speed

XCooling Towers High/Low StatusCondenser Water Pumps P-7, P-8 Status

XAHU-1, SF-11, EF-12, EF-13 VFD speedAHU-2, SF-14, EF-15 StatusAHU-3, SF-16, SF-17 VFD speedAHU-4, SF-18, SF-19 VFD speedAHU-5, SF-20 Status

Chiller Room 181, SF-2, EF-2 StatusChiller Room 179, SF-3A, SF-3B, EF-1A, EF-1B Status

AC UnitsCondenser Water Pumps P-9, P-10 VFD speedAC-31 through AC-41 Status

XHot Water Pumps P-1, P-2 VFD Speed

Hot Water System

Whole Building

Condenser Water System

Chilled Water System

Air Distribution System

Chiller Room Fans

12

Define the Baseline Period & Collect Data• 8 months of trended data collected

• Baseline period selected to cover widest range of operating conditions ~ 3 months.

• Energy use for each system to be totaled each day

Basis for analysis and reporting

• “Proxy” Variables on EMCS:

Constant load equipment: measure operating kW

• Equipment status becomes proxy for kW

Variable load equipment: log kW and VFD speed

• VFD speed signal becomes proxy for kW

13

“Proxy” Variable: VFD speed for kW

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

AHU-1 Fan Speed %

AH

U-1

Fan

kW

Actual Cubic polynomial

14

Baseline Model: Soda Hall• Total Building Electric Building Steam

• Peak Period Electric HVAC System Electric

15

Soda Hall M&V: HVAC Systems

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2/9/

2006

2/11

/200

6

2/13

/200

6

2/15

/200

6

2/17

/200

6

2/19

/200

6

2/21

/200

6

2/23

/200

6

2/25

/200

6

2/27

/200

6

3/1/

2006

3/3/

2006

3/5/

2006

3/7/

2006

10/3

1/20

06

11/2

/200

6

11/4

/200

6

11/6

/200

6

11/8

/200

6

11/1

0/20

06

11/1

2/20

06

11/1

4/20

06

11/1

6/20

06

11/1

8/20

06

11/2

0/20

06

11/2

2/20

06

11/2

4/20

06

11/2

6/20

06

11/2

8/20

06

Date

Dai

ly k

Wh

Use

HVAC Daily kWh Usage Baseline Post-Install Model

Date Break

Baseline Model:kWh = 79.9*OAT + 1129RMSE = 136 kWh

Baseline Period Post-Installation Period

Post-Install Model:kWh = 44.1*OAT - 336RMSE = 213 kWh

16

Soda Hall: Estimated vs. Verified Savings

Whole Building HVAC System

kWh 483,008 216,716 462,472kW - 22 50

Lbs. Steam 2,713,650 854,407* based on eQUEST model

** based on baseline and post-installation measurements and TMY OAT data

Verified Savings**Source

Estimated Savings*

17

Tan Hall• UC Berkeley’s Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Departments

• 106,000 ft2

• Central Plant (475 ton chiller & associated equipment)

• Steam heating

• 1 Main 100% outside air VAV AHU 4 100-HP Supply Fans 4 60-HP Exhaust Fans

18

Tan Hall RCx Findings

SystemMeasure

No.Description

Energy, kWh/yr

Energy, lbs/yrPeak

Demand, kW

Dollars, $/yr Cost, $Payback

, yr

CHW-1 & CW-1

Eliminate simultaneous chilled water pump and condenser water pump operation 68,849 - 33.3 $9,639 $2,900 0.3

CH-5 Chiller outside air lockout temperature set point not operating361,184 - 0.5 $29,046 $0 -

CH-6

Chiller outside air lockout temperature and Sat set point change 119,767 - 8.3 $16,767 $0 -

AHU3-4 Eliminate simultaneous heating and cooling 103,775 10,543,991 48.8 $98,880

Total 653,575 10,543,991 90.8 $154,332 $2,900 0.0

Percentage Savings 14% 62% 19%

Utility Data

Gas 17,139,542 lbs

Electricity 4,720,647 kWhr

$798,007

Savings

Chilled Water

AHU-3

19

M&V Approach for Tan Hall

• Assessment:

Whole-building electric and steam meters present

EMS that trends all points at 1 min (COV) intervals

8-month history of data

RCx measures in Chilled Water System and main AHU

• Electric and steam savings

• M&V Approach:

Option B – applied at systems level (electric only)

Option C – whole building level (electric and steam)

20

Tan Hall Affected SystemsSystem Equipment

Affected by ECM?

Available Points

XMain 480/277 Electric Meter kWMain 220/110 Electric Meter kWMain Steam Meter lbs/hr

XChiller (VS) kWPrimary Chilled Water Pumps CHWP-1, CHWP-2 (CS) Status

XCondenser Water Pumps CDWP-1, CDWP-2 (CS) StatusCooling Tower (CS, 2-speed) Not Avail.

AHU-3 XAHU-3 Supply Fans SF-1, SF-2, SF-3, SF-4 (CS) S/S & SpeedAHU-3 Exhaust Fans EF-1, EF-2, EF-3, EF-4 (CS) S/S & SpeedTerminal Boxes and Fume Hoods associated with AHU-3 NA

AHU-1AHU-1 Chemical Storage AH-1, SE-1 Status

AHU-2AHU-2 Chemical Storage AH-2, SE-2 Status

XHeat Exchanger HWC-1Hot Water Pumps HHWP-1, HHWP-2 Status

Lighting Circuits NAPlug Loads

Plug Load Circuits NA

Domestic Water Pumps NA

Whole Building

Chilled Water System

Condenser Water System

Heating Water System

Lighting System

Domestic Water

21

M&V Models: Tan Hall

Whole Building Electric Whole Building Steam

Peak Period Electric Chilled Water System Electric

22

Tan Hall M&V: Whole-Building Electric

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

6/1/2006 6/3/2006 6/5/2006 6/7/2006 6/9/2006 6/11/2006 6/13/2006 6/15/2006 6/17/2006 6/19/2006 6/21/2006 6/23/2006 6/25/2006

Date

Dai

ly k

Wh

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Deg

. F

Total Building Daily kWh Average Daily Outside Air Temperature Baseline New Baseline

Baseline Model

R2 = 0.75RMSE = 581 kWh

New Baseline

R2 = 0.88RMSE = 438 kWh

23

Tan Hall M&V: Whole-Building Steam

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

6/1/2006 6/3/2006 6/5/2006 6/7/2006 6/9/2006 6/11/2006 6/13/2006 6/15/2006 6/17/2006 6/19/2006 6/21/2006 6/23/2006 6/25/2006

Date

Dai

ly S

team

lbs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Deg

. F

Steam Baseline New Baseline Average Daily Outside Air Temperature

New Baseline

Baseline Model

24

Tan Hall M&V: Chilled Water System

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

6/1/2006 6/3/2006 6/5/2006 6/7/2006 6/9/2006 6/11/2006 6/13/2006 6/15/2006 6/17/2006 6/19/2006 6/21/2006 6/23/2006 6/25/2006

Date

Dai

ly k

Wh

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Deg

. F

Chilled Water System Average Daily Outside Air Temperature Baseline New Baseline

New Baseline

R2 = 0.95RMSE = 251 kWh

Baseline Model

R2 = 0.87RMSE = 486 kWh

25

Tan Hall: Estimated vs. Verified Savings

Whole Building CHW System

kWh 653,575 663,184 686,519kW 91 69

Lbs. Steam 10,543,991 5,995,232* based on engineering calculations

** based on baseline and post-installation measurements and TMY OAT data

Verified Savings**Source

Estimated Savings*

26

Shields Library

• UC Davis Undergraduate Library

• 400,072 ft2

• Chilled Water and Steam provided by campus central plant

2 CHW service entrances, variable volume

2 HW service entrances

• 11 AHU, 3 VAV, 8 CAV

• 5 electric meters

27

Shields Library RCx Findings

System Description of Deficiencies/Findings

AC01 & AC02• Excessive fan speed due to failure to meet static pressure set point• Economizer malfunction• Simultaneous heating and cooling in air stream

AC21, AC25, AC25, AC51, AC53, AC54, AH1, AH2, AH3

• Economizer Repair • Economizer Control Optimization • Supply Air Temperature Reset with Occupancy Schedule

CHW & HW Pumps

• Chilled water supply temp set point reset• Chilled water pump lockout• Reset CHW EOL pressure set point

• Savings: no estimates prior to measure implementation

28

M&V Approach for Shields Library

• Assessment:

Whole-building meters present:

• 5 electric meters

• 2 CHW meters (installed as part of project)

• 3 HW meters (installed as part of project)

EMS that trends all points at 5 min intervals

RCx measures in AHU, CHW and HW pumps

• Electric, chilled water, and hot water savings

• M&V Approach:

Option C – whole building level

29

Shields Library: M&V Models

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

OAT (Deg F)

MB

TU

per

Day

HHW HHW Model HHW Post HHW Post Model

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

OAT (Deg F)

To

ns

Per

Day

EXP CHW EXP CHW Model Post EXP CHW Post EXP CHW Model

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

OAT

Dai

ly k

Wh

Use

Baseline Model Baseline Data Post Model Post Data

Electric Chilled Water

Steam

30

Shields Library: 480V Electric Meter Savings

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1/4/

2007

1/7/

2007

1/10

/200

7

1/13

/200

7

1/16

/200

7

1/19

/200

7

1/22

/200

7

1/25

/200

7

1/28

/200

7

1/31

/200

7

2/3/

2007

4/1/

2007

4/4/

2007

4/7/

2007

4/10

/200

7

4/13

/200

7

4/16

/200

7

4/19

/200

7

4/22

/200

7

4/25

/200

7

4/28

/200

7

5/1/

2007

5/4/

2007

5/7/

2007

5/10

/200

7

5/13

/200

7

5/16

/200

7

5/19

/200

7

Date

Dai

ly k

Wh

Use

Daily kWh Usage Baseline

Date Break

Baseline Model:R2 = .7RMSE = 10%

Baseline Period Post-Installation Period

31

Shields Library: Chilled Water Savings

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8/11

/200

7

8/12

/200

7

8/13

/200

7

8/14

/200

7

8/15

/200

7

8/16

/200

7

8/17

/200

7

8/18

/200

7

8/19

/200

7

8/20

/200

7

8/21

/200

7

8/22

/200

7

8/23

/200

7

8/24

/200

7

8/25

/200

7

8/26

/200

7

8/27

/200

7

8/28

/200

7

8/29

/200

7

9/6/

2007

9/7/

2007

9/8/

2007

10/2

4/20

07

10/2

5/20

07

10/2

6/20

07

10/2

7/20

07

10/2

8/20

07

10/2

9/20

07

11/1

/200

7

11/2

/200

7

11/3

/200

7

11/4

/200

7

11/5

/200

7

11/6

/200

7

Date

Dai

ly C

HW

Use

(T

on

-hrs

)

Daily CHW Usage Baseline

Date Break

Baseline Model:R2 = .8RMSE = 26%

Baseline Period

Post-Installation Period

32

Shields Library: Hot Water Savings

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,0008/

10/2

007

8/11

/200

7

8/12

/200

7

8/13

/200

7

8/14

/200

7

8/15

/200

7

8/16

/200

7

8/17

/200

7

8/18

/200

7

8/19

/200

7

8/20

/200

7

8/21

/200

7

8/22

/200

7

8/23

/200

7

8/24

/200

7

8/25

/200

7

8/26

/200

7

8/27

/200

7

8/28

/200

7

8/29

/200

7

9/6/

2007

9/7/

2007

9/8/

2007

10/2

4/20

07

10/2

5/20

07

10/2

6/20

07

10/2

7/20

07

10/2

8/20

07

10/2

9/20

07

11/1

/200

7

11/2

/200

7

11/3

/200

7

11/4

/200

7

11/5

/200

7

11/6

/200

7

Date

Dai

ly H

W U

se (

MB

H)

Daily HW Usage Baseline

Date Break

Baseline Model:R2 = .7RMSE = 5%

Baseline Period

Post-Installation Period

33

Costs

• Including all costs, project remains cost-effective:

Soda Hall: 1.7 year payback

Tan Hall: 0.7 year payback

Shields Library: 1.0 year payback

• Added costs of metering hardware and software did not overburden project’s costs

• In private sector – metering costs lower

Existing electric meters

Sophisticated BAS systems

MBCx approach should be viable

Soda Hall 4,442$ 62,160$ 51,087$ 117,689$ Tan Hall 22,573$ 53,000$ 15,300$ 90,873$ Shields Library 26,000$ 96,795$ 57,757$ 180,552$

BuildingMetering

CostsMBCx Agent

CostsIn-House

CostsTotal