mcm 214 session 4 shovels and excavtors

8/19/2019 MCM 214 Session 4 Shovels and Excavtors

1/43

Excavators

• Power Shovel

• Dragline

• Clamshell

• Backhoe or Hoe

• Hydraulic excavator

• Excavator loader or Backhoe loader • Bucket wheel excavator

• Trenching machines


2/43


3/43

Shovel


4/43

Outut o! shovel

n "

"#$$Outut o! shovel % & e!!iciency

C

where

& % Produ in m ' cycle % Heaed caacity Swell !actor Bucket !actor

C % Excavation time ( Swing time (Duming time

× ×

× ×


5/43

)actors a!!ecting outut o! shovel

• *ature o! soil• Deth o! cut

• +ngle o! swing

• Caacity o! hauling unit and nos• ,o- Conditions

• .echanical condition o! shovel

• E!!iciency o! oerator

• Si/e o! -ucket

• Tye o! machine 0 Crawler or 1heel mounted 2


6/43

Precautions re&uired to take to -etter outut !rom

excavators

• 1orking cycle should -e smooth3 well -alanced and well managed4

• Have a clear swing4

• Have su!!icient num-er o! hauling units to kee excavator -usy4 +voidwaiting time !or hauling units as well as !or excavator4 +lso see thehauling unit rolling is evenly distri-uted4

• 5oad the hauling unit uni!ormly3 avoid overloading4

• Position the excavator at a lace so as to get roer swing and ositionwith resect to tye o! material handled and osition o! hauling units4

• Dig the to hal! o! high -ank !irst to avoid lowering o! the -oom in eachcycle4 Then digging o! the next hal! should -e taken u4 This will hel in

reducing cycle time4• 1hile waiting !or the hauling units3 do not kee excavator idle4 This time

should -e utili/ed in cleaning the it area3 loosening the -ank3 cleaning uthe corners3 levelling the grades etc4 so that these oerations may notconsume time once the hauling unit arrives4

• 6ee -ucket teeth well sharen4


7/43

Backhoe


8/43

Outut o! Backhoe

n "

"#$$Outut o! Backhoe % & e!!iciency

C

where



× ×

× ×


9/43

Dragline


10/43

Outut o! Dragline

Dragline roduction % Dragline -ucket caacity C !

1here

C % Theortical cycles'hr % 78$ cycles'hr

! % Correction !actor

% !7 !8 !" !9 !: !# !;

× ×

× × × × × ×


11/43


12/43

Digging !actor !8

Boom length in

meter

78 7> 89 "$

Digging !actor $4># $4;= $4;8 $4#:

Hoist !actor !"

Boom length in meter 78 7> 89 "$

Hoist !actor $4=: $4=8 $4=$ $4>;

Swing !actor !9

+ngle o! swing =$ 78$ 7>$

Swing !actor $4># $4;= $4;8

5oading !actor !:

.ethod o! duming Truck Hoer Stockile

5oading !actor $4=# $4=# 74$

Oerator !actor !;

Oerator Exerienced +verage Beginner

Oerator !actor 74$ $4=: $4>:

,o- e!!iciency !actor !#

+ctual working

time

#$

min'hr

:$

min'hr

9$

min'hr

,o- e!!iciency

!actor

74$ $4>" $4#;


13/43

)actors a!!ecting outut o! Dragline

• *ature o! soil

• Deth o! cut

• +ngle o! swing

• Caacity and num-er o! hauling units• .echanical condition o! Dragline

• E!!iciency o! oerator

• 5ayout o! site

• Si/e and tye o! -ucket and -oom

• Teeth o! -ucket and its condition


14/43

Clamshell


15/43

Outut o! clamshell

Clamshell roduction % Clamshell -ucket caacity C !

1here

C % Theortical cycles'hr % 78$ cycles'hr

! % Correction !actor

% !7 !8 !" !9 !: !# !;

× ×

× × × × × ×


16/43

Digging !actor !8

Clamshell caacity in m" 7 8 " 9 :

Digging !actor $4=> $4=; $4=# $4=# $4=:

Hoist !actor !"

Digging deth in meter : 7$ 7: 8$

Hoist !actor $4>> $4;# $4#9 $4:8

Swing !actor !9Swing angle in deg4 #$ =$ 78$ 7>$

Swing !actor 748 74$ $4=> $4=$

)ill !actor3 loading !actor ,o- e!!iciency !actor and Oerator !actor are same as revious


17/43

Comarison -etween various shovels

Sr4

*o4

Points o! consideration Dier shovel Dragline Backhoe Clamshell

7 Oeration in hard soil or

rock

@ood Poor @ood @ood

8 Oeration in wet soil or

mud

Poor )air Poor )air

" Distance -etween !ootingand digging

Small 5ong Small 5ong

9 5oading e!!iciency into

the vehicles

?ery good )air @ood Precise

-ut slow

: Digging level +t or a-ove!ooting level

Below!ooting

level

Below!ooting

level

+t3 a-oveor -elow

!ooting

level

# Cycle time as comared

to dier shovel

AAAAAAAAAAAAA .ore Slightly

more

High


18/43

Hydraulic Excavator


19/43

Outut o! Excavator

n "

"#$$Outut o! Excavator % & e!!iciency

C

where



× ×

× ×


20/43

Excavator loader


21/43

Bucket wheel excavator


22/43

1heel trenchers


23/43

Seci!ications !or 1heel Trenchers

.ax4Trench

Deth inm

Trench 1idth inm

EnginePower in H4P4

1heel Seedin m'sec

Travel seedin 6m'Hr

Diggingseed inm'min

74#; $4"> to $4:" 97 $47> to 74": $4> to 94" $4$# to $4"$

74>8 $49$ to $4;# :$ $4;> to 84$> $48# to ;49 $4$> to 7;49

84:> $4=# to 74"$ >8 748" "47 $498 to 7$4>


24/43

Bucket wheel excavator


25/43

Seci!ications !or 5adder tye Trenchers

.ax4Trench

Deth inmm

Trench 1idth inmm

EnginePower in H4P4

1heel Seedin m'sec

Travel seedin 6m'Hr

Diggingseed inm'min

74"; $47: to $48$ ": 7489 to 84;8 747 to :4: $4#; to #4#

84:> $49$ to $4=8 97 $49> to 7478 848 to :47 $47: to 948

"4>7 $49$ to 74$; :: $4#> to 84;9 848 to :47 $4$= to 84=:

94:; $49: to 74"; #; $4:8 to $4>: 84; $487 to 94;:


26/43

5adder tye trenching machines


27/43

Comactors

.aterial mactA Shar

-lows

PressureA Static

weight

?i-rationA shaking 6neading

@ravel Poor *o @ood ?ery good

Sand Poor *o Excellent @ood

Silt @ood @ood Poor Excellent

Clay Excellent ?ery good *o @ood


28/43

Tye o! Comactors

• Shee !oot roller < Towed or sel! roelled• Taming roller

• ?i-ratory comactors

• Pneumatic tired rollers

• Static smooth wheel steel rollers

•Plate comactors

T d Sh ! ll


29/43

Towed tye Shee !oot roller

S l! ll d h ! t ll


30/43

Sel! roelled shee !oot roller


31/43

Taming ollers


32/43

?i-ratory Comactors

)actors a!!ecting the comaction

• Static weight

• *um-er o! vi-ratory drums

• oller seed

• *um-er o! asses

• Drum diameter

• )re&uency and +mlitude

• Tandem ?i-ratory

• Towed ?i-ratory

• Shee !oot ?i-ratory• Sel! Proelled

• Hand @uided ?i-ratory


33/43

Tandem vi-ratory comactors

T d i- t t


34/43

Towed vi-ratory comactors


35/43

Shee !oot vi-ratory rollers


36/43

Sel! roelled comactors


37/43

Hand guided comactors


38/43

Pneumatic tired rollers

E!!ective width % 1

1 % nw ( 0nA72s i! s 88: mm

Or

1 % nw i! s 88: mm

1here

n % *um-er o! tires

w % 1idth o! each tyre

Static smooth heel steel rollers


39/43

Static smooth wheel steel rollers


40/43

Plate comactors


41/43

Comaction e&uiment tyes

Subbases and road bases

Type Weight per meter

width

Cohesive soil Well graded, gravel-

sand mixtures, dry

cohesive soils

Uniformly graded

material

Granular, cement bound

granular, and soil cement

materials

Smooth wheel roller Upto 53 KN/m 125/6 125/8 125/8 T 110/16

Over 53 KN/m 150/4 150/8 UNS 150/16

Sheep foot roller Upto 53 KN/m 150/10 UNS 150/10 UNS

Over 53 KN/m 150/4 150/12 UNS UNS

Tamping roller Over 50 KN/m 225/4 150/12 250/4 UNS

i!rating roller Upto 18 KN/m 125/8 150/8 200/10 T 150/16

18 KN/m to 42 KN/m 225/4 225/4 300/8 T 225/"

Over 42 KN/m 2"5/4 2"5/4 300/4 T 225/5

#eight per wheel

$ne%mati& tire' roller Up to 25 KN 1"5/4 125/12 UNS 110/12

25 KN to 5( KN 300/4 125/10 UNS 110/12

5( KN TO 11" KN 400/4 150/8 UNS 150/16Over 11" KN 450/4 1"5/6 UNS 150/12

#eight per m2

i!rating plate &ompa& tor Upto 14 KN/m2 UNS "5/6 150/6 UNS

14 KN/m2 To 21 KN/m2 150/6 150/5 200/4 150/8

Over 21 KN/m2 200/6 200/5 250/4 UNS

Compaction reuirements - !aximum depth" !inimum #umber of passes!aximum depth of compacted layer $mm% " !inimum number of passes

&arth wor'

T ) *oller m%+t !e towe', +elf propelle' roller+ are %n+%ita!le- UNS) %n+%ita!le

O t t ! t


42/43

Outut o! comactors

8

Sur!ace caacity

C 1 S 7$$$F %P

1here

F % Outut in m ' hr

1% Drum width in meters

S% +vg comaction seed in 6m'hr

P% *um-er o! asses

C% E!!iciency !actor % $4# !or !air3 $4; !or

× × ×

"

good3

$4> !or excellent conditions

?olumetric caacity

C 1 S t 7$$$F %

P

1here

F % Outut in m ' hr

T % Thickness o! soil layer

× × × ×


43/43

Compactor Speed in Km/h

Taming !oot3 Crawler towed

Taming !oot3 1heel tractor towed

: A >

> < 7#Sel! roelled taming roller

)irst two or three asses

1alking out

)inal asses

: < >

7" < 7=

7# < 8"

Heavy neumatic : < >

.ultitired neumatic " < 7$

Smooth wheel " < #

Shee !oot # < 7$

?i-rating

Plate

oller

7 < 8

8 < "

mcm 214 session 4 shovels and excavtors

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