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Measurement and Verification: How to Quantify Energy EfficiencyHow to Quantify Energy Efficiency
Savings?
Mining and Industrial Energy Optimisation 2010
How can you save energy?
%
e 0-
30%
e up
to 6
0
e 5-
40%
e 5-
10%
Save
Save
Save
Save
OperationalEfficiency
Change Behaviour
Equipment Efficiency
Change Technology
If you do not need it do not
use it
Match usage to requirement
Improve component efficiency
New improved Processesuse it efficiency
WHO CAN SAVE ENERGY?WHO CAN SAVE ENERGY?
Who can save?
• Everyone is responsible for saving energy.• Energy Manager cannot manage the energy use.• Energy Manager can only facilitates energy use and
savingssavings.• It is the end users/operators/customers that cause energy
use, wastage and savings.
Technology alone will not cut it!gy
WhoWhoWhat creates energy savings?
16%
23%
P l O l
People & Technology
3%
16%
Technology
People Only
-4%
-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Technology
Actual SavingsETSU GPG084: Managing and Motivating Staff to Save Energy
What is needed?
• Makes energy use visible to everyone in an easily d d funderstood format.
• Makes everyone responsible for saving energy.• Empowers everyone (including systems) to take action• Empowers everyone (including systems) to take action.• Many savings are realised (and sustained) through
changes in behaviour. • Need complete impact analysis solution – It answers the
question “what are we saving?” on an ongoing basis.M b i l l d h AMR• Must be an operational tool and not another AMR or billing solution.
80% of CEOs and CFOs said they would not spend moneythey would not spend money to make their factories more efficient and save money in
the long run if it will hurt theirthe long run if it will hurt their next quarter bottom line
Source: Al Gore – Our Choice
Energy Efficiency/Saving Initiativesgy y g
• EE Tax Incentive Scheme• Standard Offer• EEDSM
S l W t H ti I iti ti• Solar Water Heating Initiative• SANS 204 - EE National Building Regulation/Standard• SATS 50010 – M&V of Energy Savings• SATS 50010 – M&V of Energy Savings• REFIT• Power Conservation Programme (PCP)g ( )
MEASUREMENT ANDMEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION
SATS 50010:2010
• Provide standard approach towards the measurement and verification of energy savings and energy efficiencyI t d d f i l t d l t d i• Intended for use in voluntary and regulatory domain
• Build on IPMVP• Methodology used should yield conservative savings• Methodology used should yield conservative savings• Guarantee that savings is at least the reported savings
1-Oct- 10
Accreditation of M&V Teams/Bodies
• SANAS busy to develop accreditation system for M&V Teams/Bodies
• M&V Teams will have to be accredited to issue M&V Saving reports for regulatory environment
• Requirements are currently been developed by STCSTC
• Define training, capacity building and skill i trequirements
1-Oct- 11
What is M&V?
“Measurement & Verification (M&V) is the process of using measurements to reliably determine actual savingusing measurements to reliably determine actual saving
created within an individual facility by an energy management program.”
Ref: IPMVP Vol I, 2007, Section 9
The “M” in M&V
The M in M&V stands for:Measurement
Not Monitoring
(Monitoring is an activity which takes place after the Measurement of savings. Monitoring is the evaluation of theMeasurement of savings. Monitoring is the evaluation of the
savings and taking any necessary action.)
Key
Measure Savings?g
• Savings are the absence of energy use.• We can not measure what we do not have.• We do not ‘measure’ savings!
• We do measure energy use.• We analyze measured energy use to determine savings• We analyze measured energy use to determine savings.
Key
A Notional BaselineA Notional Baseline
1,000,000
Baseline + Adjustments
750,000
nerg
y
250 000
500,000
En
Baseline Period Reporting Period
Savings
250,000
Metered Energy
Key
Metered Energy
HOW MUCH ARE WE SAVING?
Practical Examplep
2008 Figures• Production per month = 1280 tonnes/month• Production per month = 1280 tonnes/month• Total energy use = 6784 MWh/month• Specific Energy Use = 5.3 MWh/tonne2009 Figures2009 Figures• Production per month = 858 tonnes/month• Total energy use = 5748.6 MWh/month
S ifi E U 6 7 MWh/t• Specific Energy Use = 6.7 MWh/tonneSavings??• Production = 422 tonnes/month lower
T t l 1035 4 MWh/ th l ?• Total energy use = 1035.4 MWh/month lower• Specific Energy Use = 1.4 MWh/tonne increase
?
How do systems an processes perform?
Poor Furnaces Performance
1,200Furnace 6
800
1,000
h/da
y)
600
y co
nsum
ptio
n (M
Wh
200
400
Ener
gy
-- 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Production (tonnes saleable/day)
Good Furnace PerformanceDaily Electricity Consumption vs. Daily Total Production
600.00
500.00
Overall Period
300.00
400.00
cons
umpt
ion
[MW
h/da
y]
2 7 MWh/tonne
100 00
200.00
Elec
tric
ity c 2.7 MWh/tonne
-
100.00
- 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
Total Production [Tonnes/day]
6 MWh/tonne
Furnace Specific Energy Use p gy
Specific Energy Consumption
30
35
40
20
25
MW
h/To
n
iLow Production
10
15
M Best operation
Higher Production
0
5
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Tonnes Saleable/Day
System and Process Behavioury
• Process Pumping • Mine Pumping
Pre-Implementation: 1 Jan 2004 to 7 Apr 2004 (Baseline period)
y = 0.0149xR2 = 0.8994
700.0
Daily electricity consumption vs. daily water sales
90,000
100,000
400.0
500.0
600.0
MW
h/da
y
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
icity
Con
sum
ptio
n 0 0
100.0
200.0
300.0M
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Dai
ly E
lect
ri0.0
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000
m^3/day
00 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000
Daily Liter Water
Pumping Efficiency Improvementp g y p
Pre- and Post-Intervention KPIs
25000
20000
25000
Before
15000
KP
I SavingAfterer
gy U
se
5000
10000
After
En
00 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Production
Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention Linear (Post-Intervention) Linear (Pre-Intervention)Production
Case Study – Paper Mill Specific Energy Usep gy
Specific Energy Use
2003: 1750 2005: 1945
60.0
70.0
80.02003: 1750 2005: 1945
40.0
50.0
60 0
GJ/
Adt
/day
10 0
20.0
30.0
G
13.3
0.0
10.0
0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0
ADt/day
2003 2005
7.2
A-24
2003 2005
ENERGY EFFICIENCY SAVINGS:EXAMPLE – MINING OPERATION
Plant Electricity Consumption & Production History(Monthly data: Jan’04 to Sep’07)(Monthly data: Jan’04 to Sep’07)
500 00010 000 000
Plant Monthly Electricity Consumption & Production(Jan 2004 ‐ Jul 2008)
2004 PCP PeriodP f t i d
350 000
400 000
450 000
7 000 000
8 000 000
9 000 000
onth]
Wh/mon
th]
October 2006 ‐ September 2007Performance assessment period
200 000
250 000
300 000
4 000 000
5 000 000
6 000 000
thly produ
ction [Ton
/mo
ctricity con
sumption [kW
50 000
100 000
150 000
1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000 Mon
t
Mon
thly ele
00
Jan '04
Feb '04
Mar '04
Apr '04
May '04
Jun '04
Jul '04
Aug '04
Sep '04
Oct '04
Nov
'04
Dec
'04
Jan '05
Feb '05
Mar '05
Apr '05
May '05
Jun '05
Jul '05
Aug '05
Sep '05
Oct '05
Nov
'05
Dec
'05
Jan '06
Feb '06
Mar '06
Apr '06
May '06
Jun '06
Jul '06
Aug '06
Sep '06
Oct '06
Nov
'06
Dec
'06
Jan '07
Feb '07
Mar '07
Apr '07
May '07
Jun '07
Jul '07
Aug '07
Sep '07
Month
Plant Production per month [Ton/month] Plant Electricity Consumption per month [kWh/month]
Requested Baseline period: 2004 Calendar year
Plant Electricity Consumption & Production History(2004 to performance assessment period)(2004 to performance assessment period)
500 00010 000 000
Plant Monthly Electricity Consumption & Production(Jan 2004 ‐ Jul 2008)
2004 PCP PeriodPerformance assessment period
350 000
400 000
450 000
7 000 000
8 000 000
9 000 000
nth]
Wh/mon
th]
2004October 2006 ‐ September 2007
200 000
250 000
300 000
4 000 000
5 000 000
6 000 000
ly produ
ction [Ton
/mon
tricity consum
ption [kW
50 000
100 000
150 000
1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000 Mon
th
Mon
thly elec t
00
Jan '04
Feb '04
Mar '04
Apr '04
May '04
Jun '04
Jul '04
Aug '04
Sep '04
Oct '04
Nov
'04
Dec
'04
Jan '05
Feb '05
Mar '05
Apr '05
May '05
Jun '05
Jul '05
Aug '05
Sep '05
Oct '05
Nov
'05
Dec
'05
Jan '06
Feb '06
Mar '06
Apr '06
May '06
Jun '06
Jul '06
Aug '06
Sep '06
Oct '06
Nov
'06
Dec
'06
Jan '07
Feb '07
Mar '07
Apr '07
May '07
Jun '07
Jul '07
Aug '07
Sep '07
Month
Plant Production per month [Ton/month] Plant Electricity Consumption per month [kWh/month]
Requested Baseline period: 2004 Calendar year
Average Monthly Plant Electricity Consumption [kWh/month] Average Monthly Plant Production per month [Ton/month]
Actual Energy Usegy2004 Figures: (Baseline Period)• Average monthly electricity consumption: 8,362,162 kWh/month• Average monthly production: 210,396 ton/month• Electricity intensity: 42 kWh/ton
2007 Figures: (Performance Assessment Period:• Average monthly electricity consumption: 7,362,884 kWh/month• Average monthly production: 186,438 ton/monthg y p ,• Electricity intensity: 39 kWh/ton
Changes between 2004 and 2007:• Average monthly electricity consumption: down by 999 278 kWh/month (11 9%)• Average monthly electricity consumption: down by 999,278 kWh/month (11.9%)• Average monthly production: down by 14,958 ton/month (7.1% )• Electricity intensity: down by 3 kWh/ton (7.1%)
What is the saving ….?g
Monthly Electricity Consumption vs. Production (Baseline& Performance assessment period)(Baseline& Performance assessment period)
10 000 000
Plant monthly electricity consumption vs. monthly production (2004 and PCP Period)
2004:
7 000 000
8 000 000
9 000 000
h/mon
th]
8 362 162 kWh
PCPPeriod
5 000 000
6 000 000
mption pe
r mon
th [kW PCP Period:
7 362 884 kWhPA Period: 39 kWh/t
2 000 000
3 000 000
4 000 000
Electricity consum
0
1 000 000
0
5 00
0
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
50 000
55 000
60 000
65 000
70 000
75 000
80 000
85 000
90 000
95 000
100 00
0
105 00
0
110 00
0
115 00
0
120 00
0
125 00
0
130 00
0
135 00
0
140 00
0
145 00
0
150 00
0
155 00
0
160 00
0
165 00
0
170 00
0
175 00
0
180 00
0
185 00
0
190 00
0
195 00
0
200 00
0
205 00
0
210 00
0
215 00
0
220 00
0
225 00
0
230 00
0
2004:201 396 tons
PCP Period:186 438 tonsPA Period: 186 438 tons
Production per month
2004 PCP Period Linear (2004) Linear (PCP Period)PA Period
Monthly Electricity Consumption/ton vs. Production (Baseline & Performance assessment period)(Baseline & Performance assessment period)
60
Plant monthly electricity consumption / ton vs. monthly production (2004 and PCP Period)
40
50
Wh/mon
th]
2004:42 kWh/t
30
40
umption pe
r mon
th [kW
PCP:39 kWh/tPA Period:39 kWh/t
10
20
Electricity cons
PA Period:
0
0
5 00
0
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
50 000
55 000
60 000
65 000
70 000
75 000
80 000
85 000
90 000
95 000
100 00
0
105 00
0
110 00
0
115 00
0
120 00
0
125 00
0
130 00
0
135 00
0
140 00
0
145 00
0
150 00
0
155 00
0
160 00
0
165 00
0
170 00
0
175 00
0
180 00
0
185 00
0
190 00
0
195 00
0
200 00
0
205 00
0
210 00
0
215 00
0
220 00
0
225 00
0
230 00
0
Tons hoisted per month [Ton/month]
2004:201 396 tons
PCP:186 438 tons
PA Period:186 438 tons
p
2004 PCP Period Expon. (2004) Expon. (PCP Period)PA Period
Actual vs. Service Level Adjusted Baselinej
10 000 000
Plant: Actual monthly consumption and Service Level Adjusted Baseline (2004 based)
2004 PCP PeriodOctober 2006 ‐ September 2007
Performance assessment period
7 000 000
8 000 000
9 000 000
Wh/mon
th]
4 000 000
5 000 000
6 000 000
ergy con
sumption [kW
1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000
Mon
thly ene
0
1 000 000
Jan '04
Feb '04
Mar '04
Apr '04
May '04
Jun '04
Jul '04
Aug '04
Sep '04
Oct '04
Nov '04
Dec '04
Jan '05
Feb '05
Mar '05
Apr '05
May '05
Jun '05
Jul '05
Aug '05
Sep '05
Oct '05
Nov '05
Dec '05
Jan '06
Feb '06
Mar '06
Apr '06
May '06
Jun '06
Jul '06
Aug '06
Sep '06
Oct '06
Nov '06
Dec '06
Jan '07
Feb '07
Mar '07
Apr '07
May '07
Jun '07
Jul '07
Aug '07
Sep '07
Month
Plant Electricity Consumption per month [kWh/month] Plant Service Level Adjusted Baseline [kWh]
Results SummaryyBaseline (2004):• Average monthly electricity consumption: 8,362,162 kWh/month• Average monthly production: 210,396 ton/month• Electricity intensity: 42 kWh/ton
Performance Assessment Period (2007):• Average monthly electricity consumption: 7,362,884 kWh/month• Average monthly production: 186,438 ton/monthg y p ,• Electricity intensity: 39 kWh/ton
Total impact on Energy Use between Baseline and 2007• Total impact: 999 278 kWh/month reduction (11 9%)• Total impact: 999 278 kWh/month reduction (11.9%)• Energy Efficiency impact: 719 220 kWh/month reduction (8.6%) • Production related impact: 280 058 kWh/month reduction (3.3%)
T t l i t f ifiTotal impact of specific energy use:• Total impact: 3 kWh/ton reduction (7.1%)• Energy Efficiency impact: 5 kWh/ton reduction (11.9%)• Production related impact: 2 kWh/ton increase (4.8%)
What is the EE saving? 719 220 kWh/month (8.6%)
M&V could be more complex …p
In open pit mining the energy/fuel use of a haulage truck depends on the following:following:
• Horizontal distance travelled loaded • Horizontal distance travelled unloaded• Route planning• Route planning• Vertical lift• Vertical up and down• Tonnes hauled• Tonnes hauled• Driver operation• Type of truck
Fuel use = F(X1, X2, X3 ... Xn)
1-Oct- 33
Multi-dimensional relations
M&V SYSTEMSM&V SYSTEMS
M&V Systemy
1-Oct- 35
RealReal--Time M&VTime M&V
GIS Mapp
Energy Savingsgy g
1-Oct- 38
Environmental Impact and Savingsp g
Conclusions
• Understanding drivers of energy is essential for M&V• EE Tax Incentives requires independent M&V• Without M&V you cannot get benefit of Tax Incentives
B li d t b dibl• Baselines need to be credible• Without metered data you cannot develop baselines• Without metered data you cannot claim EE Tax Incentives• Without metered data you cannot claim EE Tax Incentives
or Standard Offer
